CHNG I: KHAI NIEM, NGUON GOC VA QUA TRNH HNH THANH TTHCM.

I. IEU KIEN LS XH TAC ONG EN QUA TRNH HNH THANH TTHCM. 1/ Xa hoi Viet Nam cuoi the ky XIX au the ky XX. Kinh te chu yeu la nong nghiep rat lac hau, tr tre. Chnh tr: nha Nguyen sau khi lat o trieu ai Tay Sn a thi hanh nhng chnh sach oi noi va oi ngoai bao thu, phan ong. Ve oi noi tang cng an ap nhan dan, c tuyet moi e an cai cach. Ve oi ngoai be quan toa cang, bac nhc trc ngoai xam. Nam 1858, thc dan Phap xam lc Viet Nam va en nam 1884 chung a bien nc ta t mot nc phong kien oc lap thanh nc thuoc a na phong kien. Tai sao la nam 1884? Trong xa hoi ton tai hai mau thuan c ban: toan the dan toc Viet Nam mau thuan vi thc dan Phap xam lc va tay sai; nong dan mau thuan vi a chu, phong kien. Ke t khi trieu nh nha Nguyen ky Hiep c Patnot (6/6/1884), tr mot so t ngi cam tam lam tay sai cho giac, con lai a so nhan dan Viet Nam van lien tuc ng len chien au chong lai thc dan Phap. Cac phong trao yeu nc chong thc dan Phap phat trien manh, nhng eu i en that bai. Bai tap ve nha: Ke cac phong trao chong Phap va nguyen nhan that bai cua chung? Cac phong trao Can Vng (1897), ong Du 1906-1908 (PBC), ong Kinh Ngha Thuc 1907(LVCan, NQuyen), Duy Tan 1906 -0908(PCT, TQCap), cac to chc Viet Nam quang phuc hoi 1912 (PBC), Viet Nam quoc dan ang 1927 (Pham tuan tai, NTHoc) ng len chong thc dan Phap eu b that bai. Van e giai phong dan toc tr thanh van e song con oi vi van menh at nc. S menh lch s at ra cho ca dan toc, cho moi mot ngi Viet Nam yeu nc la phai tm ra con ng cu nc. Trong ieu kien lch s ay, ap ng oi hoi bc thiet cua dan toc va thi ai, Ho Ch Minh va t tng cua Ngi a xuat hien. 2/ Que hng va gia nh. Ho Ch Minh sinh ra trong mot gia nh nha nho yeu nc, gan gui vi nhan dan. T tng thng dan, chu trng lay dan lam hau thuan cho moi cai cach xa hoi cua cu Pho bang Nguyen Sinh Sac a anh hng ln oi vi s hnh thanh nhan cach cua Nguyen Tat Thanh. Nghe Tnh que hng cua Ho Ch Minh la manh at giau truyen thong yeu nc, que hng cua nhieu anh hung dan toc (Mai Thuc Loan, Nguyen Bieu, ang Dung, Phan nh Phung, Phan Boi Chau ...). anh va ch cua Nguyen Tat Thanh cung tham gia hoat ong yeu nc, b bat va b tu ay hang chuc nam. T nho Nguyen Sinh Cung a chng kien cuoc song ngheo kho b an ap boc lot cua ong bao mnh cung vi thai o n hen bac nhc cua trieu ng nha Nguyen. T o thoi thuc Nguyen Sinh Cung i tm ng cu nc va hnh thanh nen he thong TTHCM sau nay. Ke ve que hng va gia nh HCM? 3/ Thi ai. (ien vao cho trong nhng con so va cum t sau Vao na cuoi the ky XIX au the ky XX, chu ngha t ban phat trien t giai oan t do canh tranh sang giai oan e quoc chu ngha. My, Nhat va mot so nc chau A u nh Anh,
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Phap, Y, Tay Ban Nha, Bo ao Nha, Ha Lan, B a chi phoi toan bo tnh hnh the gii. Phan ln cac nc chau A, chau Phi va chau My la tinh tr thanh nc thuoc a hoac phu thuoc vao chung. Mau thuan gia cac dan toc thuoc a vi chu ngha e quoc, thc dan va mau thuan gia giai cap vo san vi giai cap t san ngay cang gay gat. S phat trien khong ong eu cua chu ngha e quoc dan en mot so nc e quoc muon chia lai thuoc a gay ra cuoc chien tranh the gii lan I (1914 -1918). Sau cuoc chien tranh nay mau thuan gia cac nc t ban cang gay gat, chu ngha t ban suy yeu tao ieu kien cho cuoc cach mang thang Mi Nga (7/11/1917) thanh cong. T o m ra ky nguyen qua o t chu ngha t ban len chu ngha xa hoi tren pham vi toan the gii. ong thi, nha nc Xo Viet ra i a lam nay sinh mau thuan mi cua thi ai la mau thuan gia chu ngha xa hoi va chu ngha t ban. Tat ca nhng ieu kien tren thuc ay phong trao giai phong dan toc cac nc, trong o co Viet Nam, phat trien nhanh chong. Boi canh thi ai nh vay, Nguyen Tat Thanh a thc hien cuoc hanh trnh ln qua ba ai dng, bon chau luc, gan 30 nc va ay la cuoc hanh trnh toi u e tm ra chan ly. Sau o, Nguyen Tat Thanh chon Phap lam ni hoat ong cach mang cua mnh la hoan toan hp ly va cung chnh ni nay mot loat cac s kien lch s xay ra anh dau bc chuyen cua Nguyen Tat Thanh t lap trng yeu nc sang lap trng cong san. II. Nguon goc t tng Ho Ch Minh. 1/ T tng va van hoa truyen thong Viet Nam. 1.1/ T tng Ho Ch Minh bat nguon t chu ngha yeu nc va y ch bat khuat au tranh e dng nc va gi nc cua dan toc Viet Nam. Nc la chu quyen quoc gia dan toc, nc cung la dan. Yeu nc la yeu dan, yeu dan la yeu nc. Chu ngha yeu nc la dong chu lu chay suot chieu dai lch s dan toc, tr thanh chuan mc cao nhat trong bang gia tr tinh than van hoa Viet Nam, tr thanh ao ly song cao ca nhat cua ngi Viet Nam. Moi hoc thuyet chnh tr, xa hoi, ao c cung nh moi ton giao du nhap vao Viet Nam eu c tiep bien khuc xa qua lang knh cua chu ngha yeu nc. Chu ngha yeu nc va la niem t hao kieu hanh bat diet cua moi the he ngi Viet Nam, va la niem tin bat diet vao sc manh vo ch cua nhan dan, cua dan toc trc moi ke thu cp nc va ban nc. Truyen thong yeu nc cua dan toc ta c Ho Ch Minh ke tha va phat huy trong suot cuoc i Ngi, va c Ngi tong ket tao ai hoi ang lan th II nh mot chan ly v ai: Dan ta co mot long nong nan yeu nc. o la truyen thong quy bau cua chung ta. T xa en nay, moi khi To quoc b xam lang, th tinh than ay lai soi noi, no ket thanh mot lan song vo cung manh me, to ln, no lt qua moi nguy hiem kho khan, no nhan chm tat ca lu ban nc va cp nc oi vi Ho Ch Minh yeu nc la i tm ng cu nc e nc ta c hoan toan oc lap, dan ta c hoan toan t do, ...ong bao ai cung co cm an, ao mac, ai cung c hoc hanh [t4,tr.161], yeu nc la trung vi nc, hieu vi dan va yeu To quoc, yeu nhan dan phai gan lien vi yeu chu ngha xa hoi, v co tien len chu ngha xa hoi th nhan dan mnh moi ngay mot no am them. To quoc moi ngay mot giau manh them[9/173]. ung nh Ngi nhan xet:Luc au, chnh la chu ngha yeu nc, ch cha phai chu ngha cong san a da toi tin theo Lenin, tin theo Quoc te th III [t.10,tr.128]. 1.2/ T tng Ho Ch Minh bat nguon t tinh than nhan ngha, truyen thong oan ket, tng than, tng ai, la lanh um la rach trong hoan nan kho khan.
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La mot trong nhng cai noi cua loai ngi, vi ieu kien a ly ay th thach, thng xuyen au tranh chong giac ngoai xam, cong ong ngi Viet a hnh thanh rat sm truyen thong quan he cong ong co ket e cu mang nhau ma ton tai phat trien: V du: la lanh um la rach; toi la tat en co nhau; tnh lang ngha xom; thng ngi nh the thng than; mot cay lam . . .nui cao; nhieu ieu phu lay gia . . . thng nhau cung. v.v oi vi Ho Ch Minh tnh ngha cua nhan dan Viet Nam tr thanh ngha tnh cua ong bao nam chau bon be, ngha la le phai ieu phai du nho cung phai lam cho ky c, ieu trai du nho cung nen tranh, ngha e phan ro ban thu ban la lam li cho nhan dan, thu la lam hai cho nhan dan. 1.3/ T tng Ho Ch Minh bat nguon t truyen thong lac quan yeu i cua dan toc. Truyen thong yeu nc va sc manh oan ket tao cho dan toc ta tinh than lac quan. V du: at ten nc la Van Xuan (gianh oc lap ch co may mi nam the ky VI); at thu o la Thang Long; hay ca dao, tuc ng nh ch thay song ca ma nga tay cheo, thang khong kieu, bai khong nan; thua keo nay, bay keo khac; that bai la me thanh cong, ai chien thang khong tng chien bai, ai nen khon khong khon mot lan; tan kho cam lai, het kho la vui .v.v. Ban than Ho Ch Minh la hien than sang ngi cho truyen thong lac quan yeu i cua dan toc, ac biet khi Ngi tm c anh sang chan ly cua chu ngha Mac Le -nin cung vi sc manh khong g cng noi cua thi ai mi m ra t Cach mang Thang Mi Nga v ai. 1.4/ T tng Ho Ch Minh bat nguon t truyen thong can cu, dung cam, thong minh, sang tao trong san xuat va trong chien au cua dan toc Viet Nam. Nh vay, Ho Ch Minh la hnh anh sinh ong nhat va tron ven nhat phan anh cac gia tr tinh hoa truyen thong dan toc. 2/ Tinh hoa van hoa cua nhan loai. Yeu to nao can tr con ngi tiep thu van hoa cua nhan loai? Xuat than trong gia nh khoa bang, Ho Ch Minh thong thao tieng Han, tiep thu nen van hoa phng Tay tai trng Quoc Hoc, i nam chau bo be nam cac ngon ng tieu bieu cho nen van minh nhan loai, am tng cac nen van hoa ong Tay kim co Nguyen ai Quoc toa ra mot nen van hoa tng lai. . Oxepmandenxtan 1923 2.1/ Tiep thu t tng va van hoa phng ong. - Nho giao: HCM a phe phan nhng yeu to duy tam, lac hau, phan ong cua Nho giao nh t tng ang cap, thien menh, trong nam khinh n, khinh lao ong chan tay, khinh thng nghiep .v.v. ong thi khai thac nhng mat tch cc cua no nh triet hoc hanh ong, t tng nhap the, hanh ao giup i,ly tng ve xa hoi bnh tr, the gii ai ong, tu than dng tnh, t thien t en th dan ai cung phai lay tu than lam goc, tao ra truyen thong hieu hoc. -Phat giao: la ton giao nen khong tranh khoi nhng yeu to tieu cc, tuy nhien nhng tch cc cua Phat giao a an sau vao t duy, hanh ong cua ngi Viet Nam va cung de lai dau an o trong t tng Ho Ch Minh nh: T tng v tha, t bi, bac ai, cu kho cu nan, thng ngi nh the thng than. Nep song co ao c, trong sach, gian d, cham lo lam ieu thien. Tinh than bnh ang, dan chu chat phac chong lai moi phan biet ang cap. Tinh than e cao lao ong chong li bieng cua phai Thien Tong. Tinh than tham gia vao i song cong ong, vao cuoc au tranh cua nhan dan chong ke thu cua dan toc cua phai Thien Truc Lam.
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Ngoai ra, t tng tam dan (dan toc oc lap, dan quyen t do, dan sinh hanh phuc) hay t tng than Nga, lien cong, phu tr cong nong[Bai Dan toc va CMGPDT] cua Ton Trung Sn cung c Ho Ch Minh khai thac nhng yeu to tch cc va s dung e phuc vu cho s nghiep cach mang Viet Nam. 2.2/ Tiep thu t tng va van hoa phng Tay. (ien vao cho trong di ay nhng con so va cum t sau: Trong 30 nam hoat ong cach mang nc ngoai Ho Ch Minh chu anh hng sau rong cua nen van hoa dan chu va cach mang cua phng Tay. Ham me mon lch s Phap va tm hieu cuoc ai cach mang Phap nam 1789. Ca ngi y ch au tranh cho t do, oc lap va quyen song cua con ngi ghi lai trong Tuyen ngon oc lap nam 1776 cua nc My. Tham gia hoat ong chnh tr vi giai cap cong nhan Anh nam 1913, khi dan toc Airlen oi oc lap. Chu anh hng t tng dan chu cua cac nha khai sang nh Vonte, Rutxo (khe c xa hoi), Mongtexki (Tinh than phap luat). ong thi NAQ hnh thanh t tng dan chu va cach lam viec dan chu thong qua hoat ong thc tien nh sinh hoat khoa hoc Cau lac bo Phobua (Fauboug), trong sinh hoat chnh tr cua ang xa hoi Phap, ra bao, phat bieu y kien trc d luan Phap ... Tom lai, nh c ren luyen trong phong trao cong nhan Phap, c s du dat cua nhieu nha cach mang va tr thc tien bo Phap (M. Cachin, P.V. Couturier ...) NAQ a tng bc trng thanh va lam giau tr tue cua mnh bang von tr tue cua thi ai e t o phat trien nhng t tng cua mnh. 3/ Chu ngha Mac - Lenin la c s the gii quan va phng phap luan cua t tng Ho Ch Minh. Tac ong bien chng cua moi quan he gia ca nhan , dan toc va thi ai a a NAQ en vi chu ngha Mac - Lenin t ngi yeu nc tr thanh ngi cong san. V vay, t tng Ho Ch Minh thuoc he t tng Mac - Lenin, nhng phat trien c ban cua t tng Ho Ch Minh cung nam trong nhng phat trien c ban cua ly luan Mac - Lenin; ong thi t tng Ho Ch Minh con la s van dung sang tao, phat trien va lam phong phu chu ngha Mac Lenin thi ai cac dan toc b ap bc vung len gianh oc lap , t do va xay dng xa hoi mi. Nhng ac iem ve con ng cua Ho Ch Minh en vi chu ngha Mac - Lenin nh sau: Ra i tm ng cu nc NAQ a c trang b mot von hoc van chac chan, mot nang lc tr tue sac sao. Va trong qua trnh bon ba tm ng cu nc Ngi a hoan thien cho mnh von van hoa, von chnh tr va von thc tien phong phu tao thanh mot ban lnh tr tue ma khong mot nha cach mang tre tuoi Viet Nam nao thi ay co the so sanh c. Cai ban lnh o a nang cao kha nang oc lap, t chu va sang tao lam cho NAQ tiep thu va van dung chu ngha Mac Le-nin phu hp vi ieu kien lch s cu the cua Viet Nam. NAQ en vi chu ngha Mac - Lenin khong ch e giai quyet van e t duy nh nhieu nha t tng tr thc phng Tay ng thi, ma con e tm kim ch nam cho s nghiep giai phong dan toc, tc la t nhu cau thc tien cua cach mang Viet Nam. V vay, Ngi nghien cu chu ngha Mac Le-nin cang sau sac hn. NAQ tiep thu ly luan Mac - Lenin theo phng phap nam lay cai tinh than, cai ban chat. Ngi biet van dung lap trng, quan iem va phng phap cua chu ngha Mac - Lenin

e t tm ra nhng chu trng, chnh sach phu hp vi tng hoan canh cu the, tng thi ky cu the cua cach mang Viet Nam ch khong tm nhng ket luan san co trong sach v kinh ien. Chu ngha Mac Le-nin la nguon goc ly luan quyet nh bc phat trien mi ve chat trong t tng Ho Ch Minh: em lai cho Ngi phng phap ung an e tiep can van hoa, truyen thong dan toc va tinh hoa cua nhan loai. Tm thay quy luat phat trien cua nhan loai, sm hay muon cac dan toc se i en chu ngha xa hoi. Tong ket kinh nghiem thc tien au tranh giai phong dan toc va cach mang the gii e tm ra con ng cu nc ung an. Nhn thay con ng dan toc Viet Nam phai i va cai ch dan toc ta can en. Co c phng phap nhan thc va hanh ong ung an, giai quyet sang tao nhng van e thc tien cuoc song at ra. Nang chu ngha yeu nc Viet Nam len mot tam cao mi. 4/ Nhng nhan to chu quan thuoc ve pham chat ca nhan cua NAQ. Sinh vien co the cho v du minh hoa ve nhng pham chat ca nhan cua NAQ? T duy oc lap, sang tao, t chu cong vi au oc phe phan tinh tng khi nghien cu cac cuoc cach mang t san. Kho cong hoc tap e chiem lnh von tri thc phong phu cua thi ai va nam bat kinh nghiem au tranh cua giai cap vo san quoc te. Co tam hon cua mot nha yeu nc, mot chien s cong san nhiet thanh, san sang hy sinh v oc lap cua To quoc, v t do,hanh phuc cua ong bao. Chnh nhng pham chat ca nhan hiem co o a gop phan quyet nh viec NAQ tiep nhan, chon loc, chuyen hoa, phat trien nhng tinh hoa dan toc va thi ai thanh t tng ac sac cua mnh. III. Qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien t tng Ho Ch Minh. 1. Thi ky hnh thanh t tng yeu nc thng noi trc nam 1911: Nguyen Sinh Cung ln len trong noi au cua ngi dan mat nc, c s giao duc cua gia nh, que hng, dan toc ve long yeu nc thng dan. Sm tham gia phong trao au tranh chong Phap. Ban khoan trc nhng that bai cua cac s phu yeu nc. Ham muon hoc hoi nhng t tng tien bo cua nhan loai. Ke ve NSC? 1890 1895: song que Noi va Ngoai. 1896 1901: song Hue. 1901 1906: ve que Noi va hoc ch Han, hoc thay Hoang Phan Quynh va mot so thay khac. NSCong khong hoc theo loi i thi, ma hoc nam noi dung va ng ngha (co thay lang Ngoc nh day may thang t choi khong day na, v hay hoi), thch oc Tay Du ky, Tam Quoc Ch. 1906 1908 hoc trng Quoc hoc Hue. 1908 ri Hue vao Nam, day hoc trng Duc Thanh, Phan Thiet. 1911:NTT - hoc trng c kh A chau, sau o len tau Latouche Treville 2. Thi ky tm toi con ng cu nc, giai phong dan toc (1911 1920). NAQ a qua 3 ai dng, 4 chau luc va gan 30 nc e tm hieu cac cuoc cach mang ln tren the gii va khao sat cuoc song cua nhan dan cac dan toc b ap bc. ay la thi ky HCM a co nhng bc chuyen bien vt bac ve t tng, t giac ngo chu ngha dan toc en
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giac ngo chu ngha Mac - Lenin , t mot chien s chong thc dan tr thanh mot chien s cong san Viet Nam. S o hanh trnh tm ng cu nc cua NTT? Qua 3 ai dng, 4 chau luc va gan 30 nc: sang Phap, Tay Ban Nha, Bo ao Nha, Anggieri, Tuynidi, Conggo, Anh, My . . . tr ve Phap hoat ong nam 1917. Tai sao NTT chon Phap lam at hoat ong? * Tac pham Hoi ky Bac Ho, truyen Ba chai ru sanh banh do Giang Pho Jean Fort (th ien ang vien DCS Phap) ke: cung NAQ tro mot nha hem CongPoang (1920 1921) hem cuc, ca pho 4 nha, 3 nha cho thue e oto, mot nha tang di quan caphe, tang tren NAQ va G. Pho . (xem so tay) Ke nhng s kien lch s xay ra anh dau bc chuyen cua Nguyen Tat Thanh t lap trng yeu nc sang lap trng cong san? Va nhng s kien lch s xay ra anh dau bc chuyen cua Nguyen Tat Thanh t lap trng yeu nc sang lap trng cong san la: Th nhat, au nam 1919, anh Nguyen tham gia ang Xa hoi Phap, v ay la to chc duy nhat phap benh vc nc toi va theo uoi ly tng t do bnh ang bac ai. Th hai, thang 3/ 1919 Quoc te Cong san III thanh lap. Trong 21 ieu kien gia nhap QTCSIII, Lenin ac biet nhan manh nguyen tac ung ho triet e cach mang thuoc a. Th ba, 18/6/1919 anh Nguyen a tr thanh NAQ khi ky ten vao ban Yeu sach cua nhan dan An Nam gi Hoi ngh Vecxay va viet Tam a thc dan e phan biet ro ban va thu. Th t, thang 7/1920 anh Nguyen oc ban s thao lan th nhat Luan cng ve van e dan toc va thuoc a cua Lenin va tm ra con ng giai phong dan toc. Th nam, em ket thuc ai hoi Tua 30/12/1920, NAQ bo phieu tan thanh tham gia QTIII va tr thanh mot trong nhng sang lap vien cua ang Cong san Phap. 3. Thi ky hnh thanh c ban t tng ve CMVN t 1921 1930: ay la thi ky hoat ong ly luan va thc tien phong phu cua NAQ tren a ban Phap (1921 1923); Lien Xo (1923 1924) [Lien Xo thanh lap ngay 30-12-1922]; Trung Quoc (1924 1927); Thai Lan (1927 1929) . . . trong 9 nam nay, TTHCM ve cach mang Viet Nam a hnh thanh c ban. HCM a ket hp nghien cu xay dng ly luan vi tuyen truyen t tng giai phong dan toc, van ong to chc quan chung au tranh, xay dng to chc cach mang, chuan b thanh lap CSVN. Thi ky nay HCM day cong xay dng t tng ve cach mang giai phong dan toc. [hoc bai sau] Ngi hoat ong trong Ban nghien cu thuoc a cua ang cong san Phap, sang lap Hoi lien hiep thuoc a (1921), xuat ban bao Le Paria (1922), bao Viet Nam hon (1923) nham tuyen truyen chu ngha Mac - Lenin vao cac nc thuoc a. Thang 6/ 1923, NAQ sang Lien Xo tham d ai hoi V cua QTCS, c bau vao oan chu tch cua Hoi Quoc te nong dan. 11/11/1924, ve Quang Chau (Trung Quoc) to chc ra Hoi Viet Nam cach mang thanh nien (6/1925), ra bao Thanh nien, m lp huan luyen can bo va a ho ve nc hoat ong. Thang 2/1930 NAQ chu tr Hoi ngh hp nhat cac to chc ang cong san trong nc sang lap ang cong san Viet Nam thao ra Chanh cng van tat, Sach lc van tat, Chng trnh va ieu le tom tat cua ang. Cac van kien tren cung vi tac pham Ban an che do thc dan Phap (1925) - tap hp ca cac bai viet bao Le Paria (1922), bao Viet Nam hon (1923)- , va ng kach menh a anh dau s hnh thanh c ban TTHCMve con ng cua cach mang Viet Nam.
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Si am bang vien gach co nhieu ngan Pari. 1924 Ngi ve TQ lay ten Ly Thuy, phien dch t tieng Nga sang Tieng TQ. 5/1927 ri Quang Chau en Moscow, en Berlin, en Brucxen, en Y, en Xiem (1928) 10/10/1929 TDP ket an t hnh vang mat NAQ tai Toa an Nam Trieu, Nghe An. 12/1929 t Xiem ve Hong Kong 3 7/2/1930 thanh lap CSVN. Mot so noi dung cua Ban an che do thc dan Phap (1925) va ng kach menh (1927)? 4. Thi ky th thach, kien tr gi vng quan iem, neu cao t tng oc lap, t do va quyen dan toc c ban (1930 1945). HCM vt qua khuynh hng ta khuynh ang chi phoi Quoc te Cong san va Ban chap hanh Trung ng ang ta. Gi vng quan iem cach mang giai phong dan toc cua mnh, phat trien no thanh chien lc cach mang giai phong dan toc, xac lap t tng oc lap, t do dan en thang li cua cuoc Cach mang Thang Tam, nc Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa a ra i. Ban Tuyen ngon oc lap do HCM trnh trong cong bo trc quoc dan, ong bao va toan the the gii ve s ra i cua nc Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa la s khang nh ve mat phap ly quyen t do, oc lap cua dan toc Viet Nam. oc mot phan Tuyen ngon oc lap. ac iem noi bat trong giai oan nay la co nhng bat ong gia TTHCM vi QTCS va BCHTW ang ta do thieu thong tin ve phng ong, ve thuoc a, ve ong Dng va An Nam noi rieng nen a ch trch va phe phan ng loi cua NAQ vach ra trong Hoi ngh Hp nhat ang Cong san Viet Nam. Theo ch ao cua Quoc te cong san Hoi ngh trung ng thang 10/1930 cua ang ta thu tieu Chanh cng van tat, Sach lc van tat va oi ten ang Cong san Viet Nam thanh ang Cong san ong Dng. Khi nguy c phat xt en gan cung nh trc nhng ton that nang ne cua cach mang ca c nc, ai hoi VII (1935) Quoc te cong san a t phe bnh ve sai lam ta khuynh, biet phai, hep hoi, va chu trng thanh lap Mat tran dan chu rong rai chong phatxt. Tren thc te e giai quyet van e phan hoa ke thu , tranh thu ban ong minh, chung ta a quay lai Chanh cng van tat, Sach lc van tat cua NAQ. Hoi ngh trung ng thang 11/1939 khang nh: ng tren lap trng giai phong dan toc, lay quyen li dan toc lam toi cao, tat ca moi van e cua cuoc cach menh, ca van e ien a cung phai nham vao cai muc ch ay ma giai quyet. 3/ 1930 Xiem, Malai, Singapo, ngay 1/5/1930 en Hong Kong, 6/6/1931 b bat so nha 186, Tam Lung, Hong Kong, mua xuan 1933 ra khoi nha lao Hong Kong. Luat s Lodbi Chu tch hoi Hoang gia Anh Hong Kong tham gia vu an Tong Van S, co 9 phien toa xet x, 3 phien tham van. 1960, HCM mi gia nh Lodobi ve Viet Nam an Tet co truyen, Lodobi Cu Bac Ho la viec lam sang suot va ung an nhat, tot nhat. Nam 1988 Lodbi mat, gan ay chau cua ong co sang tham Viet Nam. au nam 1934, sang Lien Xo, hoc ai hoc Quoc Te Lenin.(oc th cua Nin- NAQ gi QTCS 6/6/1938) 10/1938 ve Trung Quoc. 28/1/1941ve Cao Bang ra bao Viet Nam oc lap Oi sang xuan nay xuan 41. Trang rng bien gii n hoa m. Bac ve im lang con chim hot. Thanh thot b lau vui ngan ng. Bac a ve ay To quoc i. Nh thng hon at am hi ngi. Ba mi nam ay chan khong ngh. Ma en bay gi mi ti ni. au nam 1941, NAQ ve nc ch ao Hoi ngh lan th 8 Ban chap hanh trung ng Khoa I (5/1941) at van e giai phong dan toc cao hn het, xoa bo van e lien bang ong dng, lap ra Mat Tran Viet Minh, thc hien oan ket dan toc a ti thang li cua cach mang Thang Tam. o cung la thang li au tien cua t tng HCM.
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8/1942 lay ten HCM sang Trung Quoc; 29/8/1942 en 9/1943, b bat giam trong 30 nha giam Quang Tay. 9/1944 tr lai Cao Bang, 22/12/1944 lap Viet Nam Tuyen truyen giai phong quan. 4/5/1945 ri Cao Bang ve tan Trao(Tuyen quang) 12/8/1945 Tong khi ngha (19/8 thang li Ha Noi, 23/8 Hue, 25/8 Sai Gon) 2/9/1945 Tuyen ngon oc lap. 5. Thi ky tiep tuc phat trien mi ve t tng khang chien va kien quoc (1945 1969). ay la thi ky HCM cung Trung ng ang lanh ao nhan dan ta va tien hanh cuoc khang chien chong thc dan Phap, va xay dng che o dan chu nhan dan (1945 1954) ma nh cao la chien thang ien Bien Phu; tien hanh cuoc khang chien chong My cu nc va xay dng chu ngha xa hoi mien Bac. Thi ky nay TTHCM co nhng bc phat trien mi: T tng ket hp khang chien vi kien quoc, tien hanh khang chien ket hp vi xay dng che o dan chu nhan dan; tien hanh ong thi hai chien lc cach mang khac nhau, Cach mang giai phong dan toc mien Nam va cach mang xa hoi chu ngha mien Bac nham mot muc tieu chung trc mat la giai phong mien Nam, thong nhat To quoc. T tng chien tranh nhan dan toan dan, toan dien, trng ky, da vao sc mnh la chnh. T tng xay dng quyen lam chu cua nhan dan, xay dng nha nc cua dan, do dan, v dan. Xay dng ang Cong san vi t cach la mot ang cam quyen . . . Trc khi qua i, chu tch HCM a e lai Di chuc tong ket sau sac nhng bai hoc au tranh va thang li cua cach mang Viet Nam, ong thi vach ra nhng nh hng mang tnh cng lnh cho s phat trien cua at nc va dan toc sau khi thang e quoc My. Ngay nay, Mac - Lenin va TTHCM van la nguon tr tue, nguon ong lc soi sang va thuc ay cong cuoc oi mi cua chung ta. ung nh ai tng Vo Nguyen Giap khang nh: the gii con oi thay, nhng TTHCM song mai. 3/9/1945 phien hop au tien cua Chnh phu Lam thi, nhiem vu diet ba th giac. 6/1/1946 tong tuyen c. 2/3/1946 Quoc hoi khoa I hop bau HCM lam Chu tch nc. 19/12/1946 Toan quoc khang chien. 2/1951 HBTQ II chien khu Viet Bac (Tuyen Quang) ang LVN. 7/5/1954 BP. 20/7/1954 Hiep nh Ginev. 1958 ve nha san. 1/1/1960 HCM ky sac lenh cong bo Hien phap au tien cua nc ch xa hoi chu ngha Viet Nam. 9/1960 HBTQ III ke hoach 5 nam, xay dng xa hoi chu ngha mB va au tranh thong nhat nc nha mN 11/1964 hoi ngh Quoc te oan ket vi nhan dan Viet Nam to chc tai Ha Noi, 54 nc tham d co 64 oan ai bieu. 9g47 phut ngay 2/9/1969 Bac mat. oc Di chuc. The gii anh gia: ong ch HCM la Ngi ma cai chet gieo man cho s song oc Theo Chan Bac , Bac i
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Trong nhng giai oan hnh thanh va phat trien t tng HCM, giai oan nao kho khan nhat? Tai sao giai oan 4 ay song gio? IV. Khai niem va he thong t tng Ho Ch Minh. a. Khai niem: T tng Ho Ch Minh la mot he thong quan iem toan dien va sau sac ve nhng van e c ban cua cach mang Viet Nam, la ket qua cua s van dung va phat trien sang tao chu ngha Mac Lenin vao ieu kien cu the cua nc ta, ke tha va phat trien cac gia tr truyen thong tot ep cua dan toc, tiep thu tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai. o la t tng ve giai phong dan toc, giai phong giai cap, giai phong con ngi; ve oc lap dan toc gan lien vi chu ngha xa hoi, ket hp sc manh dan toc vi sc manh thi ai; ve sc manh cua nhan dan, cua khoi ai oan ket dan toc; ve quyen lam chu cua nhan dan, xay dng nha nc thc s cua dan, do dan, v dan; ve quoc phong toan dan, xay dng lc lng vu trang nhan dan; ve phat trien kinh te va van hoa, khong ngng nang cao i song vat chat va tinh than cua nhan dan; ve ao c cach mang can, kiem, liem, chnh, ch cong, vo t; ve cham lo boi dng the he cach mang cho i sau; ve xay dng ang trong sach, vng manh, can bo, ang vien va la ngi lanh ao, va la ngi ay t that trung thanh cua nhan dan .v.v. t tng Ho Ch Minh soi ng cho cuoc au tranh cua nhan dan ta gianh thang li, la tai san tinh than to ln cua dan toc ta (DCSVN, Van kien ai hoi ai bieu toan quoc lan th IX, Nxb. CTQG, H. 2001, tr. 83 -84.). nh ngha bc au ve t tng Ho Ch Minh: T tng Ho Ch Minh la mot he thong quan iem toan dien va sau sac ve nhng van e c ban cua cach mang Viet Nam, t cach mang dan toc dan chu nhan dan en cach mang xa hoi chu ngha;la ket qua cua s van dung va phat trien sang tao chu ngha Mac -Lenin vao ieu kien cu the cua nc ta, ong thi, la s ket tinh tinh hoa dan toc va tr tue thi ai nham giai phong dan toc, giai phong giai cap, giai phong con ngi. Giai thch nhng t khoa trong khai niem TTHCM. T tng HCM la ngon c thang li cua cach mang Viet Nam trong suot hn 70 nam qua va tiep tuc soi sang con ng chung ta tien len xay dng mot nc Viet Nam hoa bnh, thong nhat, oc lap, dan chu va xa hoi chu ngha, di s lanh ao cua ang cong san VN. b. He thong: He thong TTHCM thc s khoa hoc va nhat quan, co cau truc logc chat che, phan anh trung thc va sinh ong s van ong va phat trien bien chng cua lch s dan toc trong xu the phat trien khach quan cua thi ai noi chung. He thong TTHCM phan anh nhieu lnh vc khac nhau, la oi tng nghien cu cua nhieu khoa hoc khac nhau. Bc au, he thong nay trnh bay nhng t tng c ban sau: T tng ve dan toc va cach mang giai phong dan toc. T tng ve chu ngha xa hoi va con ng qua o i len chu ngha xa hoi. T tng ve ang Cong san Viet Nam. T tng ve ai oan ket dan toc. T tng ve xay dng nha nc cua dan, do dan, v dan. T tng ve ket hp sc manh dan toc vi sc manh thi ai. T tng ao c , nhan van, van hoa Ho Ch Minh. T tng kinh te va quan ly kinh te. T tng giao duc, t tng ve quan s, t tng ngoai giao. . . Xay dng s o he thong TTHCM? V. oi tng, nhiem vu, phng phap va y ngha hoc tap TTHCM.
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1. oi tng, nhiem vu. oi tng nghien cu TTHCM bao gom: He thong quan iem ly luan ve cach mang Viet Nam trong dong chay cua thi ai mi. Moi quan he gia ly luan va thc tien trong he thong TTHCM. Moi quan he bien chng gia t tng oc lap, t do vi van e giai phong dan toc, giai phong giai cap, giai phong con ngi. oc lap dan toc va chu ngha xa hoi. Nhng quan iem c ban trong he thong TTHCM. Nhiem vu i sau, nghien cu lam ro: Nguon goc, qua trnh hnh thanh va phat trien t tng cua Ngi. Noi dung, ban chat cach mang va khoa hoc, ac iem cua cac quan iem trong he thong TTHCM. Vai tro nen tang, kim ch nam hoat ong cua TTHCM trong cach mang Viet Nam. Gia tr TTHCM trong kho tang t tng, ly luan cach mang the gii va thi ai. 2 . Phng phap nghien cu. Chu ngha duy vat bien chng va Chu ngha duy vat lch s la c s phng phap luan khoa hoc nghien cu TTHCM. Nguyen tac tnh ang ket hp chat che vi tnh khoa hoc. Quan iem thc tien va nguyen tac ly luan gan vi thc tien. Quan iem toan dien va he thong. Quan iem ke tha va phat trien. Quan iem logc thong nhat vi lch s .v.v. Ngoai ra, ngi nghien cu phai co tam long chan thanh, knh yeu oi vi Chu tch HCM, co s vng vang trong nhan thc e hanh ong theo t tng cua Ngi. 3. Y ngha hoc tap bo mon TTHCM. en vi Ngi long ta trong sang hn. Nang cao t duy ly luan, ren luyen ban lnh chnh tr, nang cao ao c cach mang, nang lc cong tac, thc hien tot cac nhiem vu cach mang trong ai cua ang, cua nha nc ta tren con ng qua o len CNXH. ao tao sinh vien thanh nhng chien s i tien phong trong viec bao ve va xay dng at nc Viet Nam ang hoang hn, to ep hn. Chc nang nhan thc la nen tang cua t tng. Chc nang hanh ong la kim ch nam. Hai chc nang nay lien quan mat thiet en nhau t tng ung th hanh ong mi ung. TTHCM trang b cho ngi hoc kha nang: - Nhan thc c quy luat phat trien cua xa hoi Viet Nam, tren c s o, gop phan hnh thanh ly luan ve oi mi kinh te, chnh tr, xa hoi .v.v. nham xay dng va bao ve vng chac To quoc. - Co kha nang tham nh cac chu trng chnh sach cua ang va nha nc e tng bc hoan thien va em lai tnh kha thi cao. - Gop phan giao duc can bo, ang vien va quan chung nhan dan phat huy truyen thong oan ket, y chi t lc t cng, hnh thanh nen oi ngu can bo ang, nha nc va quan chung
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co nhan sinh quan, the gii quan HCM, phan au khong ngng cho s nghiep giai phong dan toc, xa hoi va con ngi.

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