TP III Fluid Mechanics Problem Sheet 1: Unidirectional ows Prof. Omar K.

Matar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, ACEX 210, o.matar@imperial.ac.uk.

Question 1
B W u = u(y) P1 P2 y=H

y x y=0

Schematic for flow along a channel

A uid of density and viscosity ows through a channel of height H , length B , and width W . The pressure at the inlet and outlet of the channel is P1 and P2 , respectively. Determine the velocity component u as a function of y , and, subsequently, the ow rate, all in terms of P1 and P2 . Assumptions: (a) Neglect v and w; assume steady ow; neglect gravity; (b) Start from the Navier-Stokes equations.

Question 2

g x W (x) z

Schematic for film flowing down an incline

Consider the steady ow of a liquid along a at surface inclined with an angle to the horizontal, as shown in the gure above. The density and viscosity of the liquid are constant. We assume that we are suciently far away from the entrance and outlet of the ow that their respective eects can be ignored. The pressure in the surrounding gas is constant along the gas-liquid interface (represented by the inclined dotted line in the gure above). Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations, determine the velocity prole w(x). As one of the boundary conditions, use that xz = 0 at the interface.

Question 3

Consider the steady ow of a uid of constant density and viscosity in a very long, horizontal tube of length L and radius R; we specify that the tube is very long because we want to assume that there are no end eects. Require that w only depends on r. Solve for w(r) by starting from the Navier-Stokes equations. Note that in the Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics document, ur = u, u = v , and uz = w: u 1 u 1 2 u p u +u + v v +w = gr t r r r z r 2 2 1 1 u 2 v u + (ru) + 2 2 2 + r r r r r z 2 v v 1 v 1 v 1 p +u + v + uv + w = g t r r r z r 2 2 1 1 v 2 u v + (rv ) + 2 2 + 2 + r r r r r z 2 w 1 w w p w = gz +u + v +w t r r z z 2 2 1 w 1 w w + r + 2 2 + r r r r z 2

(1)

(2)

(3)

Question 4

Fluid is contained in the annulus between two long concentric cylinders of radii a1 and a2 rotating about their common axis with angular velocity 1 and 2 , as shown in the gure above. This simple ow is called Couette ow, and is used to measure viscosity (see Lectures 4 and 3 of the First and Third Year Fluid Mechanics notes, respectively). Find the velocity distribution within the annulus. Assume that the velocity is only in the direction; that velocity and pressure are independent of and z ; and start from the Navier Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates. Note that as in Question 3 above, in the Fundamental Equations of Fluid Mechanics document, ur = u, u = v , and uz = w: u 1 u 1 2 u p u +u + v v +w = gr t r r r z r 2 2 1 1 u 2 v u + (ru) + 2 2 2 + r r r r r z 2 v v 1 v 1 v 1 p +u + v + uv + w = g t r r r z r 2 2 2 u v 1 1 v + (rv ) + 2 2 + 2 + r r r r r z 2 w p w 1 w w +u + v +w = gz t r r z z 2 2 1 w 1 w w + r + 2 2 + r r r r z 2

(4)

(5)

(6)