2008 Zambia Diaspora Econference Report

2008 Zambia Diaspora E-Conference
Report
Visioning Diaspora involvement

in Zambia’s Development
Prepared by
ZAMBIA DIASPORA CONNECT
Paul Lupunga, Tchiyiwe Chihana, Chola Mukanga, Chasaya Sichilima,

Bright Chinganya and Musaba Chailunga
2009
Zambia Diaspora Connect 2009
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction……………………………….…...… 3
2.0 Conference Outline……...……….…………….… 4
2.1. Conference Structure……………………... 4
2.2. Thematic Discussion……………………… 4
2.3. Participation……..……………………...… 5
3.0 Thematic Deliberations………………………….. 5
3.1 Human Capital…………………………….. 5
3.2 Investment………………………………… 7
3.3 Land and Housing…………………………. 8
3.4 Culture and Identity……………………….. 9
4.0. Recommendations………………………………... 11
4.1 Defining Zambia‟s Diaspora……………… 12
4.2 Diaspora Remittances…………………….. 12
4.3 Diaspora Policy and Strategy……………… 12
4.4 Development Partner Involvement………… 12
5.0 Conference Next Steps...…………………………. 13
5.1. Report Dissemination to Diaspora……….... 13
5.2. Developing Rapport with Government……. 13
5.3. Project Plans for Implementation……….…. 13
5.4. Partnering Migration Specialist Agencies…. 14
5.5. 2009 Diaspora E-Conference Preparations…. 14
6.0 Process Management…...…………………………. 15
Appendices…………….. …...…………………………. 15
Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

1.0 Introduction
The first Zambia Diaspora E-Conference was held between 14th and 24th October 2008 with a
view to setting the frame for Zambia‟s citizens abroad holding collective dialogue with „Home‟.
The main theme for the conference was to explore the diaspora‟s collective aspirations for
Zambia through „Visioning‟ and „Prioritization‟ of actions. It is hoped that the next steps
following the conference will facilitate the development of government policy on the welfare of
its citizens abroad and fill the policy gap required to complement the existing National Vision
2030, which only constitutes the development aspirations of Zambia‟s domiciled citizens. This
will be in line with the African Union‟s urge to all its member countries to take ownership of
their citizens who have settled abroad.
Inspiration to hold the conference was drawn from the off shoot of the Ministry of Finance and
National Planning‟s attempt to gauge diaspora interest in participating in national development
through a draft document called the Project Diaspora Citizenry (2008). This interest has
invariably been made evident in national commitment indicated in diaspora led email group
discussions concerning Dual Citizenship as is being considered by the National Constitutional
Conference at the time writing of this report. Additionally during the illness and consequent
demise of the late President Mwanawasa, the diaspora joined together in writing messages of
encouragement and condolences, and in holding memorial services in many of the world‟s
capitals, showing a strong sense of belonging. A diaspora tribute program for the late President
was even held on Radio Phoenix‟s "Let the People Talk” on August 29th. Zambians across the
world phoned or emailed to express their condolences and also make the case that they could
contribute to the development of their motherland. It was the first time on Zambian radio that
diaspora Zambians had engaged in such a process in real-time.
It is this same strong sentiment of citizenry that the conference sought to focus on under the 3
themes:
 Human Capital

 Investment
 Land and Housing
 Culture and Identity.
The selection of themes is on the assumption that those in the diaspora are looking to Zambia to
return. This assumption can only have its fulfillment through enhanced diaspora access to land
for development and housing, facilitation of investment for income, and thirdly, an improved
policy and institutional environment or framework for applying intellectual capital for the mutual
benefit of the diaspora and the nation. The conference‟s approach also recognized the principle
role that culture has in influencing national allegiance of individuals and drew participants to
activities and situations that could promote this. Overall, the conference set a platform for the
needs of the Zambian diaspora regarding the four thematic areas to be articulated.
2.0. Conference Outline
2.1. Conference Structure: The conference ran for eleven days from 14-24 October 2008. It
was coordinated by moderators drawn from the organizing committee, which was formed
following e-group discussions on dual citizenship and consultations on the Project Diaspora
Citizenry proposal. The conference was conducted on the internet through yahoo group
discussion forums representing each thematic group.
The primary drive of the conference was to assess diaspora demand for government intervention
in the various thematic areas chosen. To do this the generic conference questions whose answers
were being sought were:
1. How can Zambians living abroad participate in Zambia‟s development in the areas of
commercial investment, land and housing, and the development of human-capital?
2. How can government facilitate investment in commerce, land and housing development, and
human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living abroad?
3. How can government and Zambian‟s living abroad, together strengthen the diaspora‟s sense of 4
identity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?

2.2. Thematic Discussion: To facilitate answering workshop questions participants were led
through a series of sub questions to ascertain what the diaspora want in relation to each theme:
 Which institutions provide what they want?
 What hinders the provision of what the diaspora want/need?
 What could government do to facilitate the provision of what diaspora need/want?
 What could the diaspora themselves do to get what they require?
Hence conference delegates were asked to give their perspective of what material, financial and
knowledge resources flows to Zambia in the areas of investment, human capital, housing and
cultural identity. The groups then reflected on what the obstacles to resource and capital flows
are and how these flows could be enhanced through possible policy and strategy perspectives
government could introduce to overcome difficulties. The discussions were topped by reflections
on what were viewed as appropriate diaspora self-organized arrangements needed to compliment
any policy reform that may take place as well as give capacity and legitimacy to diaspora
collective actions, in the form of regional, professional and interest groups.
2.3. Participation: Conference delegates were invited through email invitations circulated by
embassies to Zambians in their respective jurisdictions with an introductory letter and invitation
card attached (Appendix 2). Also invited were members of Associations of Zambians Abroad
and networks to which the moderators belonged. All in all the expected participation for the
survey had been 120 people set into groups of 30 each for the four thematic groups. However, a
cumulative total of 40 people attended.
3.0. Thematic Deliberations

Following are summary contents of each thematic report. The full thematic reports are attached
as appendices.
3.1. Human Capital: There are significant benefits both to the people of Zambia and the
diaspora from closer collaborative working. The Zambian diaspora brought significant
5
advantage, primarily derived from their influence in organisations/ institutions, and informal
relationships they have developed abroad which they can use to Zambia‟s advantage. Their
access to information abroad would provide a development conduit for Zambians at home, for

example in helping identify marketing opportunities for domestic firms in foreign markets.
Crucially, they would bring both material support through charitable acts and direct leverage of
their skills where shortage of expertise exists, at little cost to the Zambian tax payer, as many of
them are keen to offer their services for free, recognising the many advantages helping one‟s
nation brings to the helper.
However, a number of constraints still exist, which government needs to address in order to
facilitate development. The four main constraints identified were social constraints in form of
Zambians abroad being viewed in a very negative way; economic constraints at times preventing
many Zambians abroad from helping, as they were often at the mercy of prevailing economic
conditions in their host countries; lack of proper coordination among themselves, with several
previous forums for engagement having faltered through lack of coherent vision and leadership
and correct engagement with government; and finally, poor institutional framework in Zambia.
Many noted that lack of dual citizenship coupled with an absence of government policy on the
diaspora sent wrong signals to them.
To help work together, a number of solutions were proposed. These principally fell into two
categories: short term and long term. The short term solutions included creation of more
opportunities for volunteering, beyond the very few that exist through NGOs; creation of a
government driven diaspora skills network linked to universities in Zambia and other areas
where government saw fit; establishment of collaborative programmes between the diaspora and
key institutions; reform of Zambian foreign missions so that they become tools that engage more
actively with the diaspora; and introduction of a desk for diaspora affairs at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, with sole focus on diaspora affairs. The long term solutions focused on
legislative solutions such as the push for Dual Citizenship and the possibility of government
introducing a Diaspora bill in Parliament. This would send a strong signal that government is
serious with engaging the diaspora.
It was also noted that government cannot bring change alone; the Zambian diaspora should also
do more. In particular, the diaspora needed to signal more effectively to the government and
Zambians at home that they are ready and willing partners of development. This could be 6
through a small education project that. The diaspora could adopt a school in an area of Zambia

where most value can be demonstrated. If such a project proved successful, it can signal that the
diaspora is a positive force to be reckoned with.
3.2. Investment: For Zambians living abroad who possess the economic means, their level of
demand to invest in Zambia is determined by their distance from Zambia and the degree of
networking they have for implementing their investment processes. Broken down, these
investment processes are denoted by business registration, access to finance, availability of
information on sectoral regulatory frameworks and the prevailing tax environment, presence of
intermediary institutions such as brokers and access to market competitiveness information, (eg
production levels, substitute products, prices, wage ranges, number of other producers or service
providers). It was noted that the organizations that would attend to administering or providing
information about these factors are the Zambia Revenue Authority/Ministry of Finance, Bank of
Zambia and the Institute of Bankers, Institute of Marketing, Central Statistics Office, Company
Registry, Ministry of Commerce Trade and Industry, Zambia Development Agency, Embassies
abroad, Zambia Association of Manufacturers and the Economics Association of Zambia,
amongst others.
The thematic discussions also noted that diaspora remittances to Zambia, that go towards raising
Gross National Income (ie income accruing to Zambians whether in Zambia or abroad) tend to
take the form of finance capital, knowledge transfer, externally hired experts, machinery and
materials. The combination of these in various ways together with the investors own
entrepreneurial abilities go to making diaspora investment successful.
Given this setting the investor however faces the choice of investing in their respective countries
of settlement or investing in Zambia. Other than nostalgia for Zambia and historical linkages, the
major element of consideration to invest or not is the level of risk. Is information asymmetrical,
such that there are some in the market with better information than others? Are the intermediary
institutions trust-worthy? Are investment incentives known and provided? How reliable are
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logistic providers? The answers to these questions and many others help the Zambian abroad to
determine whether she would or would not invest in Zambia.

The delegates to the investment thematic group discussions felt that to diminish the level of risk,
two sets of actions are needed, first make investment information available through e-
government and secondly incentivise the investment process for Zambians abroad through tax
breaks, concessions for land and other statutory provisions. It was also observed as important for
government to keep track of remittances through Bank of Zambia mechanisms. Given such
government initiatives members of the Zambian diaspora with resources would be highly
attracted to invest.
On the hand, it was observed that the diaspora themselves, in order to compliment government
actions would need to make known their collective interests. As government cannot form its
mind on the basis of a few individual interests, a diaspora based chamber of commerce should be
formed to speak to government concerning the areas of interest amongst its members. This
should be coupled with the development of a website that would comprise directories of service
and product providers relevant or anticipative of diaspora investments. As such even non-
government entities such as consultants, raw material suppliers, contractors and other service and
product providers would be easily contacted to complement e-government provided information
to fill the current information gap.
3.3. Land and Housing: Land and its development for housing or commercial use is amongst
one of the highest priorities Zambians abroad have in facilitating their engagement with „Home‟.
To execute this engagement, whilst abroad, the process of identifying land, acquiring it, ensuring
the provision of surveying, road-access, water supply, sanitation, telecommunication, electricity,
architectural, construction and mortgage services, all require a physical presence in Zambia.
However Zambians abroad find that it is their being abroad that actually provides them the
resource to acquire and develop any land they may own, hence the need for the establishment of
formidable agencies that would provide diaspora intermediation with the range of institutions
that facilitate this engagement.
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It was noted that in the current land market, distribution of first title land is predominantly by
government through Ministry of Lands, local councils and chiefs in the case of traditional land.

Private sales were covered individually, through brokers such as banks (from land acquired as
part of receivership) or estate agents. The stakeholders in land development are multiple, ranging
from real estate agents, architects, land and quantity surveyors, landscapers,
contractors/tradesmen and transporters.
Each of the three stages of acquisition, development and use, necessitate maximizing opportunity
and minimizing risk to the diaspora. This can be achieved by government availing information
using the Internet. In addition, government could strategicallyy set up programs incorporating
diaspora engagement with a view to increasing Zambia‟s housing stock. With regards to risk,
matters of certainty of land acquisition when applied for or facilitated applications for land
should become part of government policy. Part of this should accommodate land for the erection
of housing estates, farming blocks and industrial complexes such as the economic zones that are
being announced for foreign investors. The members of the group noted with concern that there
was an acute shortage of utility services for land that was being distributed by government. In
addition there appears to be a major shortage of certain building materials particularly cement.
As such at a macro level the group called for stronger incentives to manufacturers of building
materials to open up new investments as well as increase supply.
Amongst the diaspora themselves it was observed that in order to ascertain the demand for land
and housing amongst the diaspora and where most government services were a priority,
estimates of areas of interest with regard to developing housing or land, need to be compiled and
reviewed in order that they may cluster into groups that would share common areas. Thus estate
developers, house purchasers, farmers and intending farmers etc require clustering in order for
them to target for advocacy the institutions that relate to the land and housing issues they would
seek to pursue resulting in them partnering institutions such as the National Housing Bond Trust
or Zambia National Building Society, amongst others.
3.4. Culture and Identity: The Culture and Identity group recognised the broadness of their
theme noting that the elements that picture culture and identity are matters of shared history and 9
norms. The values that arise out of this shared history tend to elevate Zambians‟ sense of
belonging even when they are away from Zambia. Evidence of this belonging is often visible in

how literature, music, food, spoken languages and Internet media (to mention but a few) are
sought by Zambians abroad. These remind them of their origins and the people they belong to.
The discussions established that the Ministries of Community Development, of Tourism, of

Foreign Affairs (through Zambian embassies), Broadcasting and Information, and of Home
Affairs are cardinal to the instrumentation of Zambians abroad growing in their commitment to
participating in the development of Zambia. Other institutions that fulfil this are the media,
Zambian churches, traditional ceremonies, entertainment sector and the national emblems of the
Zambian flag. Groups such as the National Arts Council, Zambia cultural associations and others
are stakeholders from a non-government perspective.
When Zambians abroad grow in their cultural attachment to Zambia, they tend to draw
individual investment to Zambia, through commerce, intellect and possible return and settlement
in Zambia. In addition foreigners interacted with abroad, gain interest and goodwill towards
Zambia resulting in increased foreign investments, tourism and other economic activities that
grow national income. So when musicians, movies, paintings, crafts etc are appreciated abroad
they provide opportunity to increase tourism as well.
The group‟s discussion felt that part of the problems stalling the processes of promoting culture
to the ends mentioned above is the poor clarity by the government on taking ownership of its
citizens. A matter of urgency in this regard is the haphazard information on the process of
renewing one‟s passport. If one is living abroad, passports are the legitimate indications of
identity. Both in countries with or without Zambian embassies there is little to no formal protocol
for the orderly renewal of passports, thus Zambians abroad face uncertainty as to government‟s
perspective of their nationality. This affects the commitment of Zambians abroad to things
Zambian. Another critical point concerning identity rests with the fact that there is no place for
dual citizenship, disqualifying Zambians in the diaspora from taking up positions in foreign
countries that welcome dual citizens in high office. If adopted dual citizenship would accrue
benefit both to the country of settlement as well as to Zambia. 10

With regard to government policy changes needed, the group felt the Government should offer
incentives to diaspora Zambians investing in culture and related equipment and products. The
group also noted the need for members of the Zambian community abroad to be conferred by
government with honorary status as focal persons in promoting culture and identity among
Zambians abroad as well as to the nations they have settled in. There are for example a number
of artists that play Zambian music at various fora in their countries of settlement. Government
should also develop e-governance systems that would help cope with administratively managing
the identities of Zambians abroad. To facilitate this in the long term the Central Statistic Office
should also be mandated to extend the national census through the embassies and through the
Internet to collect vital statistics that would impact on national development and those that may
be projected through this diaspora forum consultative process.
One of the activities the diaspora tend to assimilate in their countries of residence is that of
visiting museums, parks, zoos, tourist and historical sites to mention but a few. The Ministry of
Tourism and related players can tap into this by designing special tour packages and other
packages tailor-made for the diaspora. Second-generation Zambian diaspora can especially be
targeted for visits to Zambia. The diaspora can also be utilized to complement efforts in
promoting Zambia as “the Real Africa”. Huge travel costs incurred through tourism promotion
initiatives could be greatly reduced by engaging and employing the skills of diaspora based in
target markets abroad. This is especially so because Zambians living in different countries
understand better the cultures and language of the host countries than officials from the tourism
board based at home.
Anyone moving to a new country does not have localized knowledge of that community. There
is usually a learning curve of the culture and the norms. Zambian diaspora residing in these
communities already have that knowledge. The diaspora should be considered for appointments
to diplomatic positions in their countries of foreign residence. There would be savings too in
terms of transfer costs.
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Amongst the ways in which it was recognized that the diaspora should organize to work amongst
themselves and with government was through the development of a master-plan that integrates

diaspora aspirations in culture with Ministry of Community Development and the Ministry of
Tourism in order to promote Zambia‟s rich culture abroad.
4.0. Primary Recommendations: This report recognises the overarching nature of some of the
issues raised in theme specific discussions and makes broad recommendations below to
government, concerning government‟s definition of diaspora identity, diaspora remittances and
government leadership.
4.1. Defining Zambia’s Diaspora

4.1.1. Statistics: Government through the Central Statistical Office‟s execution of the Census
2010 should include the enumeration of its citizens abroad, in order to ascertain the number of
Zambians abroad for a more informed understanding of their demographic composition and the
effects on national development to facilitate policy.
4.1.2. Passports: Government through the combined coordination of the Ministry of Home
Affair‟s Passport Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affair‟s consular services, should formulate
a strategy not only of new passport issuance facilitated by the embassies and the Internet, but
also expeditiously informs the diaspora of the procedures on how to do so, using a government
website.
4.1.3. Dual Citizenship: The National Constitutional Conference and Parliament should endorse
an amendment to the Zambian Constitution to allow dual citizenship of Zambians who are
granted citizenship by a second country, a position that has become an international norm.
4.2. Diaspora Remittances

The Government through the Bank of Zambia and the Central Statistics Office, should establish
systems that indicate the levels of remittances by the diaspora in view of their significant
economic importance.
4.3. Diaspora Policy and Strategy

The Zambia Development Agency in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance and National
Planning‟s Policy Department, should facilitate a policy formulation platform which incorporates 12
the Ministries mandated to coordinate Labour, Housing, Community Development, Culture,

Tourism, Commerce, Home and Foreign Affairs for diaspora inclusion in the National Vision
2030 and the Sixth National Development Plan.
4.4 Development Partner Involvement

The International Organisation on Migration should facilitate Government engagement of
development partners with expertise in emigration, remittances and reversing brain drain, to
optimize government‟s perspectives and options in the development of diaspora policy and
strategies.
5.0. Conference Next Steps
5.1. Report Dissemination to Diaspora

The conference output, which is primarily this report, will be disseminated first to conference
participants and other members of the diaspora using Zambian Embassies, Associations of
Zambians Abroad and the networks of Zambians abroad known to the conference organizing
committee. Another follow up output will be discussion forums using Diaspora Connect Blog
Talk Radio. Blog Talk Radio is an internet tool used to record discussions for internet
broadcasts. It is hoped that this will help increase the conference legitimacy if received with
broad affirmation from Zambia‟s diaspora. This process is anticipated to be complete by the end
of January 2009.
5.2. Developing Rapport with Government

The report contents will then be used to engage various Government Ministries to assess the
compatibility of the visioning the diaspora has made to existing and prospective policy frames
especially within the bounds of the Vision 2030. Principal Ministries to be considered are
Foreign Affairs, Local Government and Housing, Labor and Social Security, Commerce, Trade
and Industry, and the Ministry of Culture and Social Welfare, among others, under the auspices
of the Ministry of Finance and National Planning. Derivatives of these Ministries including the
Bank of Zambia, Zambia Development Agency, the Housing Development Trust Board and 13
others are already in discussion with the Zambia Diaspora Connect committee. This stage of
activities will cover the first quarter of 2009.

5.3 Project Plans for Implementation

Considering the conceptual frameworks that arose out of the workshop discussions one of the
resolves was to ensure practical outputs were developed that would contribute in some measure
to the goals of each thematic group. To this end prioritized actions will be taken as indicated in
appendices 4.A – 4.E. Planning and implementation will cover the four quarters of 2009.
5.4. Partnering Migration Specialist Agencies

Coupled with the consultations with government, other partners in development including the
World Bank, the United Nations Development Program, the International Labor Organization
and the International Organization for Migration (who have already been liaising with
government on the diaspora) will also be engaged to map an action plan that unites the
conference aspirations and resolutions with their institutional specializations. This will happen in
the first half of 2009.
5.5. 2009 Diaspora E-Conference Preparations

The theme of the Diaspora Conference from 2008 to 2009 was to develop a collective diaspora
vision for meeting their needs in participating in National development. Indications are that 2009
into 2010 the conference will focus on developing institutional capacity amongst the diaspora
and government institutions to meet recommendations of the 2008 conference. As such the
preparatory phase to the 2009 Diaspora E-conference will bring together the organizing
committee of the conference, government and migration specialist agencies that will see the
development of tentative elements of a draft action plan. This plan may amongst other actions
see the Central Statistical Office extending the census 2010 to cover Zambians living abroad
through Internet registration verified by the embassies, in order to gain a clear description of
anticipated diaspora demand for government services in Zambia and anticipated diaspora supply
of resources to Zambia. This preparatory stage will after weighing the tentative action plan
formulate an agenda to form the platform of discussions and the format to follow for Diaspora E-
Conference 2009. Implementation will occur in the second quarter of 2009. 14

6.0. Process Management
Processes to manage the recommendations of this paper will be managed by the Zambia
Diaspora Connect committee, which hopes by mid 2009 to be subsumed by a wider group to
include representation from the government and specialist migration organizations. Currently
Mr. Paul Lupunga (Canberra-Australia), Ms. Tchiyiwe Chihana (Sheffield-UK), Mr. Chola
Mukanga (London-UK), Mr. Chasaya Sichilima (London-Canada), Mr. Bright Chinganya
(Melbourne-Australia) and Mr. Musaba Chailunga (Toronto-Canada), who are the drafters of this
report are also the coordinators of the follow-up actions in meeting the reports objectives. For
updates on follow-up actions and other activities visit www.zambiaconnect.org and the blog at
http://diasporaConnect.Blogspot.com.
Appendices
Appendix 1. Conference Invitation brochure.

Appendix 2. Invitation letters to Embassies and Associations of Zambians Abroad.
Appendix 3. Thematic reports in full.
Appendix 4. Prioritised Thematic Projects.
15

Appendix 1
Invitational Brochure
16

Appendix 2.
To: Zambian Embassies and High Commissions.

Associations of Zambians living abroad.
Zambia Diaspora E-Conference 2008

14-24 October 2008
The Zambia Diaspora E-Conference is an Internet based meeting that will convene every year
around Zambia‟s national day to discuss matters collectively affecting the Zambian diaspora in
relation to their „Home‟. This year, which is its inaugural year the e-Conference will carry the
theme „Visioning Diaspora involvement in Zambia‟s Development‟ and will run from the 14th to
24th October 2008. Under this theme global online discussions by Zambians in the diaspora will
be held to distill into a national visioning framework, their perspectives of what Zambia's
development involving the diaspora means. The conference outputs will feed into government
understanding to help manage diaspora efforts in meeting Zambia‟s National Long Term Vision
2030.
The convener of the Zambia Diaspora E-Conference 2008 is Paul Lupunga a Principal
Economist from the Ministry of Finance who is currently studying at the Australia National
University. Others in the organising committee are Musaba Chailunga in Canada, Chola
Mukanga in England, Chasaya Sichilima in Canada and Bright Chinganya in Australia drawn
from the Zambian Diaspora Forum. The Zambian Diaspora Forum is a dialogue platform that
carries the objective of deliberating and executing matters relating to the advancement of Zambia
particularly through the instrumentation of Zambians abroad, drawn from membership of
Zambian associations abroad.
Registration
A pre-conference registration process that surveys delegate assessments of needs of Zambians
living abroad and perspectives of government facilitative roles is located at
17
http://DiasporaConnect.Blogspot.com as Conference Survey1. This will inform the email
focused group discussions over the 14-24th October 2008 ten-day period through thematic

moderators. Registration for the thematic email group discussions is located on the same blog
below the „about us‟ column. One-hour sessions of Skype teleconferencing will then finalize
diaspora regional, professional and interest group positions on each thematic group discussion on
the 24th October 2008. The registration process is currently open.
Conference Details
The Zambia Diaspora e-conference will be divided into four groups under the themes land and
housing, cultural identity, human capital and commercial investments. Each thematic group will
have a moderator from the organizing committee as follows:
1. Human Capital – Chola Mukanga

2. Investment – Bright Chinganya
3 Land and Housing – Musaba Chailunga
4. Culture and Identity – Chasaya Sichilima
It is expected that once implemented, the conference recommendations will facilitate the
development of government policy on the welfare of its citizens abroad. In addition the
conference outputs will also fill the diaspora policy gap required to compliment the existing
National Vision 2030, which only contains the development aspirations of Zambia‟s domiciled
citizens. The conference discussions will explore material, financial and knowledge capital flows
to Zambia in the thematic domains, by reflecting on what deterrents need to be removed to
enhance these flows, what policies and strategies government could introduce to overcome the
deterrents and what may be viewed as appropriate diaspora self-organized institutions to
compliment policies.
The three primary questions that the e-conference will address itself to are:
1. How can Zambians living abroad contribute to Zambia‟s development in the areas of
commercial investment, land and housing, and the development of human-capital?
2. How can government facilitate commercial investment, land and housing development, and 18
human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living abroad?

3. How can government and Zambian‟s living abroad, together strengthen the diaspora‟s sense of
identity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?
This memo serves to invite individuals interested in contributing to the diaspora‟s visioning,
drawn from the membership of associations of Zambians living abroad and Embassy email
listings to participate in this e-conference. Prospective participants are encouraged to get in touch
with group moderators at the conferences email address located at the DiasporaConnect blog
site concerning any queries they may have.
Post Conference Actions

It is hoped that by October 2009 with the facilitation of the Planning and Economic Management
Division of the Ministry of Finance mediated by the Zambia Diaspora Forum‟s e-conference
organizing committee, a collaborative platform comprising government ministries, the
International Organization for Migration, Zambia Development Agency, private sector and NGO
representation together with any other relevant entities, will be established. Together this
platform will not only feed into the National Vision 2030 aspirations of Zambians abroad, but
will also clearly lay out the framework by which development efforts, both of and for Zambians
abroad, may be realized.
Issued by Mr. Paul Lupunga, Principal Economist, Ministry of Finance and National Planning. Mr.
Lupunga who is also the conference convener is authorized to make this memo by the office of the
Permanent Secretary – Planning and Economic Management Division of the Ministry of Finance and
National Planning, in keeping with Public Service Management rules and regulations.
Ref: NCDP 101/9/135

1st October 2008
cc: Mr C. Evans Chibiliti

Secretary to the Treasury
Ministry of Finance and National Planning 19
LUSAKA
cc. Dr. James S. Mulungushi

Permanent Secretary – Planning and Economic Management Division
Ministry of Finance and National Planning
LUSAKA
Appendix 3
Submissions to the Diaspora Connect e-Conference Land and Housing

October 14th to 24th
Appendix 3.A
Human Capital Group

About the Author
Chola Mukanga is an Economic Advisor in Her Majesty‟s Government Economic Service. His
current responsibility is to advise the UK Government on the Economics of Democracy,
Constitution and Law at the Ministry of Justice. Chola has held a number of different posts
across Her Majesty‟s Government, including advising the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister
on housing, urban development, and local government; and, the Secretary of State for Transport
on UK aviation policy.
Executive Summary
The Human Capital reached the following conclusions:

 There are significant benefits both to the people of Zambia and the diaspora from closer
collaborative working. The Zambian diaspora brought significant advantage, primarily
derived from their influence in organisations / institutions, and informal relationships they
have developed abroad which they can use to Zambia‟s advantage. Their access to
information abroad would provide a development conduit for Zambians at home, for example
in helping identify marketing opportunities for domestic firms in foreign markets. Crucially,
they would bring both material support through charitable acts and direct leverage of their
skills where shortage of expertise exists, at little cost to the Zambian tax payer, as many of
them are keen to offer their services for free, recognising the many advantages helping one‟s
nation brings to the helper.
 However, a number of constraints still exist, which government needs to address in order to
facilitate development. The four main constraints identified were social constraints in form
of Zambians abroad have been viewed in a very negative way; economic constraints 20
sometimes prevent many Zambians abroad from helping, as they were often at the mercy of
prevailing economic conditions in their host countries; lack of proper coordination among
themselves, with several previous forums for engagement having faltered through lack of

coherent vision and leadership and correct engagement with government; and finally, poor
institutional framework in Zambia, with many noting that lack of dual citizenship coupled
with an absence of government policy on the diaspora sent wrong signals to the diaspora.
 To help work together, a number of solutions were proposed. These principally fell into two
categories: short term and long term. The short term solutions included Creation of more
opportunities for volunteering, beyond the very few that exist through NGOs ; creation of a
government driven diaspora skills network linked to universities in Zambia and other areas
where government saw fit; establishment of collaborative programmes between the diaspora
and key institutions; reform of Zambian foreign missions needed to be reformed to be tools
that engaged more actively with the diaspora; and introduction of a desk for diaspora affairs
at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with sole focus on diaspora affairs. The long term
solutions focused on legislative solutions such as the push for Dual Citizenship and the
possibility of government introducing a diaspora bill in Parliament that would send a strong
signal that government is serious with engaging with the diaspora.
 It was also noted that government cannot bring change alone; the Zambian diaspora should
also do more. In particular, the diaspora needed to signal more effectively to the government
and Zambians at home that they are ready and willing partners of development. This could be
either through a small education project that the diaspora could adopt a school in an area of
Zambia where most value can demonstrate. If such a project proved successful, it can signal
that the diaspora is a positive force to be reckoned with.
Background
The inaugural Zambia Global e-Conference (12th – 24th October 2008) sought to consolidate the
Zambian diaspora's views on national development priorities as well as provide formal means to
communicate and collaborate with government on these priorities. From the government's
perspective the conference also acted as a scoping process necessary to inform on the next steps
of the Project Diaspora Citizenry being coordinated by the Ministry of Finance and National
Planning. It is expected that outputs from this e-conference will provide initial indications to
Government, Zambia Development Agency, International Organization on Migration and other
stakeholders on policy requisites for promoting the diaspora's involvement in development.
Four thematic groups were established: human capital; land and housing; investment and
commerce; and culture. This paper summarises the discussions within the human capital
thematic group focusing on the responses to the three conference questions:
 How can Zambians living abroad contribute to Zambia's development in the development
of human-capital
 How can government facilitate human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living
abroad
 How can government and Zambian's living abroad, together strengthen the diaspora‟s
sense of identity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?
21
1. How can Zambians living abroad contribute to Zambia's development in the development of
human-capital?

The aim was to understand whether there are skills, talents and knowledge Zambians abroad can
offer to help make a difference in terms of development.
Influence: Zambians abroad ("the diaspora") can use their influence in organisations /
institutions, and informal relationships they have developed abroad, to give Zambia a
competitive advantage in areas of policy negotiations, trade and other partnership involving
domestic Zambian institutions.
Knowledge transfer: There are many areas where the diaspora have expert knowledge and skills
due to their international experience that could be leveraged to plug the skills gap in relevant jobs
in Zambia.
Information: The diaspora can act as an information conduit for Zambians at home. For
example they can identify marketing opportunities for domestic firms in foreign markets.
Wealth creation: It was recognised that "human capital" is exactly that, "capital" that if tapped
into can propel Zambia. The diaspora by leveraging their skills, talent and knowledge can
directly encourage economic activity through profitable ventures. They can set up consultancies
and work with civil society and government to develop effective policy that may be cheaper than
what these organisations are purchasing from "foreign experts".
Material support: The diaspora can engage in charitable acts of giving and other direct material
support. This area was particularly identified as one where progress appears to have been made,
though much still needs to be done.
The group noted that the process however should not be seen as one way, that is, Zambians
abroad to Zambians at home. Rather there was much for Zambians abroad to gain in return
through active participation. The following benefits were identified for Zambians abroad:
 The open dialogue opens the window of opportunity for the diaspora energies. Enormous
amount of resources are distributed through government. All countries offering Zambia
help or resources go through government. And because government has to use/disburse
those resources, diaspora would stand to benefit. What happens currently is that once
help is offered by country A or World Bank, the Zambian government is given a chance
to propose (local) participation. When they fail to satisfy the offer, country A feels free
(morally) to fill the gap. Thus, given the availability of resources from diaspora, the
Zambian government will be in a better position to propose local talent. Therefore instead
of say the Swedish government bringing to Zambia expertise to come and use the
Swedish aid, Zambians would be there to fill the gap. This process does not only promote
more participation by indigenous Zambians, but it initiates true development.
 A lot of people living in the diaspora do not visit home as much as they would like to.
Part of the reason is the lack of trust from government officials at the border or in offices
they seek services from. Open dialogue with the diaspora would change the psychology
of the relationship. Greater trust between Zambia and her diaspora would help facilitate
more business and entrepreneurial activities by Zambians abroad in Zambia, increasing
Zambians FDI. As more Zambians abroad visit home - they would see more opportunities 22
to invest, if not in commercial ventures certainly in family undertakings.
 There are “fiduciary benefits” to the diaspora from knowing that the home government
hasn't abandoned you. The freedom of trust when you send your passport forms to a

government office you trust is important to the diaspora who have tasted corruption-free
and reasonably fair systems.
 Significant monetary benefits accrue to the diaspora from a good rapport with the
government, ranging from easy access to business permits, land, consultancy
opportunities, and of course, freedom for political organization.
2. How can government facilitate human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living

abroad?
Having identified the benefits that the diaspora can bring, the next question was to assess how
government can help facilitate Zambians abroad bring these these benefits. This involved
considering what "constraints" prevented the diaspora from being full partners in national
development, and then assessing what government can do.
Four key constraints were identified:
Social constraints: many participants noted that historically, Zambians abroad have been viewed
in a very negative light. Many identified the poor attitudes from the government and the general
population towards the diaspora, which have often manifested themselves in derogatory
statements (with the late President "lazy" jibe cited often). The diaspora response to this
perceived hostility has been the "I don't care, let-them-be, why bother" attitude. Social blockades
have therefore developed, with both government and the diaspora perceiving each other in
negative ways.
Economic constraints: it was noted that the notion of "thriving Zambians abroad" may well be
mistaken. Many Zambians abroad are equally struggling to survive, and therefore are facing
serious constraints in terms of how much they can "give back" in terms of human capital at
home. This partly explains why very little engagement has been done initiated by the diaspora to
help. Any solution to engage the diaspora therefore needs to set the expectations at a fairly
manageable level. Crucially, while tapping into the "patriotic spirit" of Zambians abroad, it also
needs to recognise that people respond to incentives, and Zambians abroad are no different.
Coordination failures: examples were given of situations were Zambians abroad have tried to
engage in the process, but faced challenging coordination problems (e.g. the failed Zambians
Abroad Skills Network project was cited as one example among many). The act of bringing
together people from different parts of the world and organising them to achieve a common
objective has prevented Zambians abroad organising themselves meaningfully. Even though
opportunities exist in Zambia to not only leverage their skills and earn profit from those skills,
taking advantage of these opportunities requires some degree of "self coordination" and
identifying where these opportunities are (or "opportunity discovery).
Institutional constraints were by far the most cited explanation for why Zambians abroad are
not meaningful partners in development. Many participants identified the lack of dual citizenship
as a strong disincentive for the diaspora. In particular, it appears that there are many who are not
made to feel Zambian enough because they were not born in Zambia. Lack of dual-citizenship 23
has therefore come to epitomise the Zambian government attitude towards Zambians abroad. The
denial of dual nationality even though their parents are Zambian, and many were raised mainly in
Zambia, has served to inhibit them from total commitment to Zambian causes.

Government specifically came under strong criticism for its general poor engagement of the
diaspora: it was noted that there was lack of defined "linkages between the availability of
human-capital and long-term Zambian investment strategies"; policy development did not
recognise the diaspora. For example the Citizen Empowerment Fund does not include provision
on how the diaspora can tap into that. It also noted that the Vision 2030 and Fifth National
Development Plan were quiet on the issues relating to the diaspora; government has failed to
provide sufficient information to the diaspora; and in general there is no follow up by the
government on citizens abroad, nor are there clear Ministerial level goals for bringing the
diaspora on board, with many noting that the attitude by the government is a perfect example of
"one child less is one less child to worry about". The group concluded that the best way for
government to help begin the process of facilitating human capital transfer is to begin
addressing the constraints identified in partnership with the diaspora as discussed in the next
question.
3. How can government and Zambian's living abroad, together strengthen the diaspora’s
sense of identity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?
There was unanimous agreement that this issue was urgent in an ever interdependent world, and
that doing nothing was not an option. As a first start, it was recognised that what was necessary
was to begin an "open and frank" dialogue between Zambians at home and its diaspora. The
"bunker mentality" had to end. All the participants therefore welcome government's readiness to
start this process and the e-conference was met with high expectations that this was the
beginning of that dialogue which must continue, with the end result of concrete solutions. The
solutions suggested where broadly on three levels:
Legislative solutions were needed that would help bury some of the social and institutional
constraints identified. These fall broadly under two areas:
 Dual Citizenship – many felt that this was an important issue because it helps reduce
"transaction costs" for Zambians abroad. It also widens the size of the Zambian diaspora.
 A new Diaspora bill – it was suggested that for credibility purposes, some way has to be
found that would put in place a more long lasting solution on how Zambians abroad are
integrated into development. Ad-hoc politically driven solutions would not last the test of
time.
Government policy action was necessary to provide an enabling environment that allowed the
Zambian diaspora to be meaningful partners in development. This included solutions in the
following areas:
 Creation of more opportunities for volunteering, beyond the very few that exist through
NGOs. This can be done through sequenced visits by citizens in the diaspora to service a
particular skills need and compliment the efforts of the specialists back home.
 A government driven diaspora skills network linked to universities in Zambia and other
areas where government saw fit. This would identify where Zambians abroad could offer 24
help in policy development as well as practical skills transfer.

 Establish collaborative programmes between the diaspora and key institutions such as
the BOZ, ZANACO, NGOs and some other prominent institutions, which may help
Zambians abroad know about opportunities that exist for returning permanently.
 Zambian foreign missions needed to be reformed to be tools that engaged more actively
with the diaspora. Many noted that currently these embassies only serve as passport
renewal offices and visa application points or government to government representation
centres. There is nothing more being offered to the diaspora citizens. These embassies
have the capacity to become centres of Zambian excellence abroad. They could convene
conferences for Zambians and act as government portals for effective consultation on
policy developments.
 A desk for Diaspora affairs – Government should introduce at the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, a Desk for diaspora affairs (similar to the "Vendors desk" introduced at State
House). This would be a two-way vehicle. One way, the Zambian government can
communicate their needs from the diaspora community - publicize the skills that they
need or wish for, or highlight the investments priorities. On the other hand, the diaspora
through the Desk, can communicate what they can offer from their end. This desk can act
as a sorting house.
Zambia diaspora action: It was noted that government cannot bring change alone; the Zambian
diaspora should also do more. In particular, the diaspora needed to signal more effectively to the
government and Zambians at home that they are ready and willing partners of development. This
could be through a small education project where the diaspora adopt a school in an area of
Zambia where most value can be demonstrated. If such a project proved successful, it can signal
that the diaspora is a positive force to be reckoned with.
25

Appendix 3.B
Investment Thematic Group
About the Author
Bright Chinganya has a Masters in Finance. He works as an accountant in Melbourne, Australia.
1. What are the general investment concerns of citizens living abroad and perceived
institutions suitable for corrective interventions in the area of investment?
Most of the people in the diaspora have brilliant ideas with regards to investments in Zambia, but
money being a limited factor the ideas often are fruitless. If Zambians abroad are given a fair
chance of accessing the Zambian loan market based on the income earned abroad, more people
would have lucrative investment plans. However, for the banks and government of Zambia to
have trust and confidence in the people they give loans to certain controls should be in place.
 For instance, embassies should act as a link between the lenders and borrowers of funds.
Alternatively, banks should set up representatives in most countries where the Zambian
population has more representation.
 One of the things that came out strongly during the e-conference was the cost of travel to
Zambia. Individuals would want to form a company but when they consider the costs
involved of travel to Zambia, they get discouraged. If there was a provision of
processing investment licences online a number of people in diaspora would have
established companies by now.
 Currently, the government has less stringent regulations for people acting as a broker. A
number of people in this industry are crooked. The only way the people in diaspora
could continue using these professionals is by raising the standards required for someone
to practice as a broker.
 Besides, the Zambian abroad does not have access to sufficient information to use when
an investment opportunity arises. Normally, those who are keen to investment contact
relatives and friends in Zambia who might have little information. Therefore, a potential
investor abroad can only use second hand information which might not be accurate
because of the time lag between when the change occurred and the time when the
decision is made to invest.
2. What actual material, financial, knowledge, and others may be gained by Zambia as a result
of resolving the concerns the people in diaspora may have concerning investment?
According to our discussion Zambians abroad have the potential to contribute in the Zambian
investment sector. The diaspora have a wider network and exposure compared to an ordinary 26
Zambian in Zambia. The assumption behind this argument is that most of the people abroad earn
above the Zambian minimum wage. As you know our Kwacha is one of the weakest currencies

in the World, hence the purchasing power of the money most of the Zambians earn abroad is
more compared to the basket of goodies the Kwacha would buy at home.
Some of the shares/stocks on LuSE platform cost ZMK 1,000 or less, converted to the USD it
will be approximately USD 0.25/share. In a dollar four shares can be bought, and a dollar to a
Zambian abroad is just a drop in the ocean (students inclusive).
Besides, the Zambians in diaspora have access to people and credit lines that Zambians in
Zambia don‟t have. Therefore, the Zambian abroad can easily form an investment syndicate with
non Zambians for a major investment.
3. What hinderences to gaining the benefits of meeting the concerns of the diaspora with
respect to investment need to be addressed?
In response to the above question the participants had one thing to say in common „Risk‟. Due to
lack of adequate information to make a proper risk assessment most of the Zambians in Diaspora
reckon it is risky to invest in Zambia. The perception of risk varies from person to person and
other factors at play include:
 Type of investment
 Risk appetite for each individual
 The broker in Zambia.
The investment market in Zambian is not efficient. Inside dealing and arbitrage in our country is
the order of the day for managers. Sometimes there are too many middlemen before you arrive
at a final product; hence some of the Zambians abroad tend to opt for an alternative investment
outside Zambia. Most of the Zambians abroad are willing to invest in Zambia at a lower rate of
return with a view that in the long run the return will be bigger, but are unsure of what the return
would be. Also, currently there is limited information to know which areas in Zambia are viable
for investment. The Zambian investment websites are not updated regularly, as a result one is
prone to make a decision based on two months old information.
Therefore, in the absence of good information one is left with an educated guess as to what the
risk is if the investment was to go ahead.
According to the Zambians abroad, they would be grateful for the government to set up an e-
information house articulating clearly the investment climate in Zambia. The same should be
updated as change occurs. Information is worth a million dollar if it‟s current.
4. What policies and strategies could government introduce to overcome these deterrents
above?
The government should waive away all taxes and duties for the Zambian abroad who buys/builds
a house in Zambian. For Zambia to be a middle income country by 2030 the government should
set up some policies that will improve our infrastructure. For argument sake, I don‟t know 27
whether most of you are aware of what is happening to a Chinese investor who wants to invest
abroad? The government of China has advised all banks to give a 0% or low interest rate for a
loan taken from a Chinese bank to invest outside China. On the contrary, the government of

Zambia should do the opposite to entice the Zambians in diaspora. Most of the foreign investors
are given some tax incentives from the government, for the purpose of development the Zambian
abroad should be treated the same way or even better.
The government should create an incentive for the listed companies so that more companies get
listed to improve the efficiency of the stock market in Zambia (LuSE). The more the stocks on
market the wide the choice for people who want to invest in the Zambian stock market. Also,
stocks should be available online or sold through bank‟s websites.
Currently, there is no regulation that monitors brokers/ middlemen in Zambian. The country
needs to raise the standards or requirements for people who want to act as a broker. Anyone
found not adhering to the set standards must be charged a hefty fine.
5. What are the ways the diaspora should organize and work amongst themselves and with the
government?
The following are some of the initiatives the people in diaspora can possibly bring to Zambian
investment sector.
 Generally speaking the Zambians abroad have a wider access to the credit facilities than
ordinary Zambian in Zambian. Therefore, if ten (10) committed Zambian put together
their funds they can embark on a tangible project. Just to give an idea of how much funds
ten people can raise, see the table below.
Diaspora Investment Pty Ltd

USD USD/ZMK
Contribution per person $50,000 ZMK 3,900
Total for 10 $500,000 ZMK 1,950,000,000
If the funds are raised we will request the full support of the government either financially or
moral support. But it could be more appreciated if the government dipped their hands in the
pocket.
With the above funds in mind, the people in diaspora need to put their heads together and come
up with an investment with low risk, for example property. The government could give sections
of the diaspora, portions of land to develop for commercial purposes.
The people in diaspora with the help of the government can solicit funds from the venture capital
or private equity markets.
The government should provide more information than what is already available. Some of the
risk can be mitigated by increasing the investment knowledge for people outside Zambia. This
knowledge would include risk profile for each investment area for new starters.
The government needs to make an analysis of how much inflow of funds the country would
receive from the Zambians in diaspora if all were to be engaged. Probably, the results will propel
the government getting engaged with the diaspora.
The government should put in place a detailed investment website. The site would provide an
explanation of the end-to-end investment process for someone without an investment technical- 28
know-how to follow. Some of the inherent risk in the investment lies not in the investment itself
but in the nuts and bolts of how to invest and get the returns.

There should be web listing of personnel, solicitors and brokers specialised in investment and
approved by the government. For a country to be successful transparency of the people in the
forefront should be eminent.
There should be a register of qualified brokers monitored by the Zambian Revenue Authority.
All costs charged should be standardised according to the nature of the investment and must be
known or published.
29

Appendix 3.C.
Land and Housing Thematic Group
About the Author
Musaba Chailunga works as a Senior Programmer Analyst in Toronto. He is a self confessed

Capitalist and a strong advocate of Free Market Enterprise. Musaba is also listed in both The
United States Achievement Academy and The National Dean‟s List 1995-96 Editions and is the
Founder of Lwangwa Investments Corporation in Canada and is currently serving as Chairman
for Zambia Diaspora Connect.
Introduction
This report is a reflection of the deliberations by members of the Land and housing thematic
group of the Diaspora E-Conference 2008 which focused on the needs of the diaspora as well as
the objective institutional requirements that could lead to the provision of Land and housing to
them for development. This report acknowledges the challenge of bringing together people at
different levels of understanding and diverse backgrounds to communicate and come up with a
common understanding to pressing questions on any given subject let alone one on Land and
housing development.
However, it was clear from the beginning that Zambians in the diaspora are passionate about
their involvement on matters related to the development of Zambia but many lack the
information and or resources from which to start that engagement.
Asked whether anyone of the conference participants would like to own land or property in
Zambia, all respondents replied in the affirmative to the question. The following quote from
Emmanuel Tembo sums up feelings of many in the diaspora and kind of addresses what this
report is trying to achieve or encourage, the existence of enablers through policy.
“The issues of land and housing I believe revolve around empowering people at various levels of
the social cascade to take part in having a roof on top of their heads. The questions posed here
are therefore obviously going to be answered in the affirmative. Every national would want to
own a piece of land from which he can build a house and grow some vegetables. What is critical,
however, is whether there exists enablers through policy to ensure that this is happening. As far
as land and housing is concerned a number of issues come to mind...”
The following are the responses to the questions of the conference with the responses
summarized and alternatives to the status quo suggested.
1. What are the general land and Housing concerns of citizens living abroad and which
institutions are suitable for addressing those concerns?
Members of the group assume that the question of land accessibility and point of contact for 30
sourcing and applying is cumbersome and prone to corruption. Lack of information regarding the
issue of land has left many believing that land and title can only be issued in Lusaka. However, it

is recognized that the planning authorities such as Kitwe City Council do indeed offer and
allocate plots locally but will require convenient access points for the diaspora groups.
At an individual level, it is not likely that the diaspora can be "favoured" by government
institutions on the question of either allocation of land or financing mechanisms thereof, but
considering what they can offer as a group, there is need for them to be looked at favourably to
encourage their involvement and participation in land development process. However, the issue
is whether ideas and lessons learnt from other countries for example; India, Israel, China, the
Philippines, and most Caribbean countries with strong contribution from the diaspora
communities can be shared, with government taking full cognisance that we are all partners in
the development of our country. Even European countries like Ireland tapped into the diaspora
community to help trigger their economic boom. Of course it will be foolish to argue that the
Irish diaspora were the reason for the boom. But it‟s good to note that, it took years of
meticulous planning by the Irish government that put policies together that attracted not only
investment but also the return of the Irish from mostly North America and other parts of the
world.
The government of Zambia needs to find ways to table issues to direct public policy that will
allow for proper information dissemination to eliminate ignorance and mistrust. When it comes
to land, proper channels need to be established or made known to avoid the current confusion.
Currently, major concerns continue to linger regarding access or lack of it by the Zambian
diaspora. The main ones are:
a) Lack information services

b) Lack of access points and cumbersome application processes
c) Finance
d) Security
e) Land Servicing; water, electricity, sewerage and broadband internet
Government departments and ministry all have a role to play in ensuring most of these concerns
are addressed. The financial or banking industries should also set up products to carter to this
segment of the market. But will need to be encouraged by government which should set up
mortgage insurance. The lender needs to have peace mind and there is no better guarantor than
the government.
2. What actual material, financial and knowledge capital, flow to Zambia in relation to land
and housing do we for see as a consequence?
Even though we have seen in the past and actually at present that housing developments are
managed by government organs, we see a greater number of houses left to be done by
individuals- with their blood and sweat- with little government and financial institution
involvement. There is nothing unusual about that but due to lack of proper regulation this leads
to housing which is uncoordinated and creates cities and urban centers which are an eyesore. But
the main reason for poor homes and neighbourhoods is lack of capital in form of cash, machinery 31
and skilled manpower.
Sources of housing finance need to be supplemented by government (not only through NHA) but
also through innovative ways to try and bring about affordable public housing in the country. As

a consequence of any improvements to not only land allocation, town planning and financing,
most Zambians will be able to mobilise their own resources to get into the market and this will
see an increase in Capital flows into the country.
These inflows may come in form Cash, building materials, machinery, technical expertise and
Quality Assurance just to mention a few. For people focused on Agriculture, we can see that
almost all machinery is brought in from simple tractors to complex irrigation systems. Medium
to heavy duty machinery can and is part of this formula for earth moving in agriculture, mining
and construction. We see all that now but it can be on an even larger scale.
Some Zambians in the diaspora may still not see it worthwhile enough to invest several hundreds
of thousands of dollars in the Zambian housing and agricultural markets. But the ability to show
reform in the system will encourage some from the beginning and the majority will then jump on
the bandwagon as processes and markets improve.
3. What deterrents need to be removed to enhance the above regarding capital flows?
Generally, as far as finance goes, one of the requirements from banks to finance housing is
residency of the applicant. The question then is, can the local banks come up with ways and
means to lend money to Zambians in the diaspora who might be interested in accessing finance
from a bank? Or can government set up funds that are specifically targeted at those who are
outside the country?
When we look at some Zambians who send larger sums of money for projects and machinery to
Zambia they get loans or lines credit from the banks in their country of residence. When we look
at foreign financing, it was an issue even before the credit crunch. Therefore, while deterrents to
capital inflows existed before, the current global situation is not making it easier. A strong
economy and currency coupled with a favourable sovereign credit rating in Zambia could
encourage a number of foreign financing houses to provide mortgages to Zambians on their own
or in partnership with a Zambian bank. Lack of security is a deterrent that may sometimes put off
people from sending expensive equipment into Zambia while duties paid on imported goods is
another.
4. What policies and strategies could government introduce to overcome these deterrents?
We should take a closer look at Urban (City) planning, or in general land use planning? Do City
or district councils have such plans, or is land allocation based on wherever there is space? It is
only when these questions are answered that people will begin to see not only the direction but
also the desire to encourage development in the area of land and housing. Cleaner cities and well
designed commercial centers will encourage not only Zambians in the diaspora but financial
houses who might see a market to service. Conferences like this will encourage people to think
critically at looking at Zambia as an investment option. Individually or as a group, a product has
to be good for people to buy in. As the case may be in Zambia, we are missing even the basics,
Government should regulate construction more with licensed tradesmen and building
contractors. This will address matters of security and quality and in turn create peace of mind for
the diaspora who find that a worry. Also, necessary services must be in place before building 32
starts because if the necessary basic infrastructure were in place, it would encourage developers
not just the diaspora to come in and build housing and some apartments for example.

The levels of taxation on monies coming in and duties on imported materials and equipment for
land development must be encouraging to increase cash inflows.
5. What are the appropriate diaspora self-organized arrangements needed to compliment these
policies, including both group and personal initiatives.
With the advent of the electronic era, the diaspora has been becoming more and more coherent.
First it was just public debates via email, and then came chat and blog. You can sense from the
sentiments that many long for the day when things will fall in place. But others felt that things
don‟t just fall in place, there has to be work and organisation put into it.
The e-conference was held to address this question and beyond. The specifics of which are
reports like this one and many items that exist and are likely to evolve as a result of this. In short
the diaspora needs to find ways not to just be supported by government but to complement
government in the quest to make the country better. Of all Zambians, the diaspora find
themselves better placed to mobilize resources in all areas of the economy including finance,
education, health, tourism, agriculture etc and they need to create associations of interests were
information can be disseminated.
In conclusion, our government needs to do more in encouraging the diaspora and create
incentives that will encourage people not only to return but support projects in Zambia.
Government through rates and taxes should be in a position to provide a minimally acceptable
service. The lack of services is why we have the glorified shanties at the moment. It is however,
important to note that action needs to be taken regardless and find areas to allocate land for both
commercial and residential use to promote better housing and communities. I would also take
this opportunity to say the creation of the National Housing Bond Trust is a step in the right
direction on the part of Government.
33

Appendix 3.D
Culture and Identity Thematic Group

About the Author
Chasaya Sichilima is based in London, Ontario, Canada. He is a Beit Trust Fellow with a BSc in
Geochemistry from the University of Manchester and MSc in Computer Science from the
University of Salford, England. At present he works as a Business Systems Analyst and Web
Consultant in the non-profit sector. Prior to that he worked in various IT functions in the Ontario
Public Service. He is current Chair of the Zambian-Canadian Association (ZamCan) and past
Publicity Secretary of the Zambian Community in Manchester (ZACOMA). Chasaya is also a
recording artist who has performed in Zambia, England and North America.
Introduction
This paper seeks to surmise the outcome of the Culture and Identity Thematic Group discussions
as a component of the Zambia Diaspora E- Conference 2008. It offers insights into the problems
and hurdles of diaspora participation and recognition or lack thereof in Zambia‟s development.
The conference report is a reflection of responses drawn from answering questions that formed
the conference‟s framework in discovering how Zambian culture and identity could be enhanced
amongst Zambians living abroad as well as the international communities they are being
assimilated into. The paper then proceeds with proposals on ways to make the role of the
Zambian diaspora in the arena of culture visible and vibrant, and proposes strategies the Zambian
government can employ to bring this about.
1.What are the general cultural and identity issues that Zambians living abroad face and
which institutions are associated with these issues?
Diaspora Desires and Concerns With regard to Culture and Identity

In the Zambian context, culture is defined mainly by shared values and experiences in Zambian
music, books, traditional ceremonies, movies, norms, traditions, language, food, (drinks –
“umunkoyo”, “amayeu”, “katata”), television drama shows, performance and fine art. More
broadly the simple fact of being Zambian and having a shared heritage unites Zambians abroad
in a significant way. They celebrate Independence more fervently than those at home. It is the
one time in the year when even individuals who are normally not active in local Zambian
associations come out to renew friendships, share experiences or to simply remember the essence
of who they are and their connection to the motherland. They love to listen to music from their
own artists. It is a joy when diaspora Zambians can see Pontiano Kaiche, Danny, Sakala
Brothers, K‟ millian, Ephraim, JK, Maureen Lilanda to name but a few. They long to read books
authored by Zambians, watch Zambian televison, eat Zambian food, acquire Zambian art and
more. Novels such as “Pio na Vera” by Stephen Mpashi help Zambians connect with their past
and also teach their children born in the foreign country, a Zambian language like Bemba. So 34
would Mainza Chona‟s Tonga book "Kabuca Uleta Tunji" . If a Zambian is interested in the
Kaonde culture for instance he/she could easily tap into Kabombeka Pupe‟s “Kantangantanga
and Kinshimunkulu: Stories of the Kaonde People and My Life”. If parents are interested in a

children‟s book with Zambian content they need look no further than Leonard Koloko‟s “Pinto
and the Magic Flute”. Those with a heart for theatre would love to feast at recordings of plays by
luminaries such as Graig Lungu, Wesley Sinkala, Maximo Mwale, Sauzande Kanengo, Haggai
Chisulo, Matilda Malama Mfumu, Sam Kasanka. How about television dramas such as “Loose
Ends” and “Shi Maini” to remind one about everyday issues? The same argument could be
extended to comedy and other artistic disciplines. Watching Zambian televison would help an
individual in Japan potray to his family, friends a true picture of what Zambia is really like. The
above are but a snapshot of the identity and cultural underpinnings of what would retain and
promote Zambian culture by the diaspora.
Relevant Institutional Setting

It was noted though briefly that identity and the sense of belonging are most distinctly identified
by one‟s citizenship. The current difficulties that face citizenship are reflected in the single-
citizenship nature of the Laws of Zambia. This denies the diaspora a retention of their Zambian
identity or alternatively their aspiration for foreign citizenry in view of the absence of Dual
Citizenship. Whilst this remains a matter related to constitutional review it none the less was
seen as the most predominant issue that required institutional review if the promotion of
Zambian culture by its citizens abroad would see the light of day in the ever competitive global
village and in view of the great influence citizenship has on migration and the possible
abandonment of Zambia by many of its citizens.
Institutions and organs that deal with various aspects of promoting national concerns are namely
the Ministry of Community Development and Culture, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of
Broadcasting and Foreign Missions need to do a lot more than at present such as review and
strengthen the now discontinued ZNBC exploration of exporting Zambian television programs
early in the year with IPTV. While the private sector is expected to drive implementation of
some of these concerns, government organs have on the whole not been responsive enough to
play their part.
There also appears to be a pronounced disjoint between national cultural processes and the
Zambia‟s embassies with regard to pro-actively promoting Zambia and having real time
coordination focusing on capturing foreign and Zambian audiences in the countries accredited to
them. These institutional capacity gaps and in some cases lack of strategic focus have been
injurious to the cause of Zambian culture and require to be remedied.
2. What benefits whether material, financial, knowledge or other, may be gained by Zambia
from resolving the issues the diaspora find as concerns with regard to culture and identity?
In broad terms it was noted that there is an exchange between Zambia and the rest of the world
with regard to the commodities of culture and identity. The principal commodities traded are
music, food, traditional ceremony events, movies, norms and traditions, language, reading
materials et cetera. The consummation of the demand for each of these commodities when
originating from Zambia helps define the sense of national identity, which is the greatest 35
influence on ones Zambian-ness. This search for identity occurs both in Zambia amongst
Zambians as they decide whether to watch M-net or Muvi Studio programs and abroad as the
Zambian there wrestles with the fact that it is long since they had Mabisi or Katapa. The legality

of identity is however determined only by one‟s national registration irrespective of the degree to
which one desires Zambian commodities of identity. With this in mind it was strongly noted that
to retain the Human Capital embodied in Zambian individuals abroad, their identity ought to be
secured in such a way as to allow them to retain Zambian citizenship as their identity. What is
the cost of this? An amendment would be needed to the Zambian Constitution allowing dual-
citizenship. What are the benefits? Numerous, beginning first with a greater desire and ease of
Zambians abroad to return to Zambia with all their international exposure and often academic
learning, material belongings, investment ideas and finances, and most likely a growth in
housing stock through land development and consequent title.
At a secondary level the commodities being traded particularly as exports, would allow Zambia
to gain in an additional number of ways. In principle the greatest value gained would be the
esteem and understanding that could be generated through the internationalization of Zambia.
Good will in such a context may not easily be quantified. However an aspect of this may be
understood in a similar way that urban drift or migration occur. People drift towards that which
is desirable and esteemed. In such a way the learned, the entrepreneurs, the professionals and
others of the globe, would begin to find Zambia a preferred settlement destination, enriching
Zambia‟s learned, entrepreneur professional et cetera per capita. In addition and as a by-product
of any such cultural promotion, revenue can be earned from concerts, CDs, DVDs, books, art and
artifact sales of all things culturally Zambian. Diaspora artists bringing equipment specific to this
sector such as that used in recording, filming and printing coming into the county would be
another benefit. State of the art equipment enhances production. It enhances quality. It also
means the individuals using that equipment gain knowledge in current trends in their particular
specialty. Artists performing in foreign countries can profit from the opportunity of connecting
with other artists and experts. This, in turn, may lead to the cross-breeding of ideas and provides
avenues for future engagements thus increasing cultural capital and broadening value networks
amongst practitioners of cultural promotions. Exposure of Zambian artists at art, book, film or
music festivals attracts foreign publicity that causes people to endeavor to know about the
country. This connection to Zambian culture is a promotional platform for Zambian tourism.
This author can speak from experience when he introduced Zambian music to mainstream
Canadian media by performing at Afrofest, North American‟s largest music festival in 2003 and
at personal expense, facilitated the appearance of the six man Sakala Brothers band at the
Afrofest in 2004, and regular performances on the Canadian festival circuit since 2003. These are
activities which Government ought to strongly support amongst the diaspora.
3. What hinderances to gaining the benefits of meeting the concerns of the diaspora with
respect to Culture and Identity need to be addressed?
 Inadequate responsiveness and slow service delivery by the ministries of Community

Development and Culture and Tourism and the National Arts Council.
 Lack of integration of diaspora cultural needs in the National Vision 2030 by the
ministries of Community Development and Culture and Tourism for the promotion of
Zambian culture abroad. 36
 A weak culture industry. Government should make resuscitation of the book, film, theatre
and related sectors a priority. The products of these industries are very much in demand
by the diaspora. Incentives should include tax concessions for Zambian investors in these

industries. Very likely it will be Zambians who appreciate their culture who will “put
their money where their mouth is”. The recent introduction by government of 15% rebate
on production costs for films is a step in the right direction.
 Lack of information on how to get tax exemptions even where these exist.
4. What policies and strategies could government introduce to overcome

these deterrents?
 A master-plan that integrates diaspora needs into the National Vision 2030 with regard to
promoting culture and identity internationally should be coordinated co-jointly through
the Ministries of Community Development and the Ministry of Tourism promoting a
comprehensive understanding and absorption of Zambia‟s rich culture developed with a
focus on technical capacity to market Zambia as the Real Africa.
 Government can make good use of Zambian artists, sportsmen, writers (for instance) in
the diaspora to promote the country. The only country south of the Sahara to produce a
black grandmaster is Zambia. The story of Amon Simutowe is unparalled. Zambia should
be rejoicing in this feat. Amon is a sports hero, an inspiration to the Zambian spirit and
potentially a tourism and cultural ambassador. He epitomizes something that can‟t be
explained. Has he received the recognition due? How can Zambia use him to promote
Zambia? Broadly, like Amon, government can appoint to honorary ambassadorial
positions, select musical and other cultural icons of Zambia in the diaspora to raise the
country‟s profile.
 Anyone moving to a new country does not have localized knowledge of that community.
There is usually a learning curve of the culture and the norms. Zambian diaspora residing
in these communities already have that knowledge. The diaspora should be considered
for appointments to diplomatic positions in their countries of foreign residence. There
would be savings too in terms of transfer costs.
 Tourism attachés should double as cultural attaches and promote cultural linkages.
 Attach importance to using music, film, book festivals in the west to promote Zambian
artists who in turn promote Zambian culture. Other African countries such as South
Africa, Senegal, Mali, have achieved success using this route with significant support
from their governments.
 The Government should offer incentives to diaspora Zambians investing in culture and
related products. This would include but would not be limited to items such as music
instruments, literature, printing equipment coming in duty free.
 Work with diaspora Zambians who have industry knowledge of the festival circuit, art
promotion, book industry, publishing contacts in their adopted countries to find
opportunities (as an example) for their Zambian actor, musician, and writer colleagues.
 In respect to identity, there is need to improve on information flow regarding policy and
governance changes as in the case of recent confusion over the change in passports. Very
few Zambians in the diaspora know that passports are being changed. Given the 37
cumbersome process involved why did government put unrealistic deadlines on the
process? Some passport changes have taken more than 6months from the time of
application to issuance. In that time one cannot travel outside his/her base country. The

costs and missed opportunities can be enormous. Clearly an experience like this would
serve to encourage one to take up citizenship of one‟s country of residence if the
opportunity arose to avoid these hassles.
 The National Constitutional Commission and consequently Parliament should approve
and amend the Constitution to permit dual citizenship.
 Government should ensure Zambians abroad are counted through the Census 2010 so as
to have an idea of the numbers of those with Zambian identity, easing the information
gap and making it easier to develop overall diaspora policy.
 E-governance should be prioritized. At times the diaspora are unnecessarily critical about
issues Government has positively addressed because there is little information. Apart
from online Zambian publications, the government should aim at making Zambian
mission web sites have information readily available. A new strategy on mission web
sites needs to be developed that takes in account recent technological changes and
globalization.
 Government should provide tax exemptions to equipment that is value adding being
brought in Zambia
5. What are the ways the diaspora can organize themselves to work amongst themselves and
with government?
 Ideally a master-plan that integrates enhanced elements of the Visit Zambia Campaign
coordinated co-jointly through the Ministries of Community Development; Broadcasting
and Information; and the Ministry of Tourism, ought to be developed. The plan would
promote a comprehensive understanding and absorption of Zambia‟s rich culture. It will
focus on utilizing technical capacity in marketing Zambia as the Real Africa.
 Diaspora artists can create linkages with private and semi-independent Zambian
hotels/Lodges/National Parks that are tourist-oriented so that these organizations sponsor
artists to hold concerts in the artist‟s base stations. Hotels and lodges like Sun Zambezi
and Royal Sun, Lodges attract high profile clientele. Hoteliers gain by having their
brochures and promotional material displayed at these events. Artists will benefit from
the satisfaction of performing and receiving performance fees.
 Form companies, networks that would allow them to pursue common interests for the
good of Zambia. Some Zambians in England for instance have formed an investment
company. They have started buying property in Zambia. Another group is taking
investments by identifying individual expertise and providing linkages to areas of interest
in Zambia.
 Publications of the Diaspora experience – challenges and achievements. These should
also be circulated in Zambia so our people at home know what we are doing. It brings
awareness. When people at home know what problems we face, they can relate to us.
When they know what we can do, they can relate to us. When they learn about our
achievements against the odds, there is a sense of shared pride. This will help the
diaspora to have the trust of our people at home. The diaspora needs to do more to build 38
trust that trust. Trust is earned, it can‟t be bought.
 With regard to identity, the primary measure of self-organization would be the degree of
cohesiveness of the Zambian communities across the globe. To this end the various

associations of Zambians living abroad should have a jointly held database, which
registers them by function and location and details leaders, contacts, membership
numbers and recent activities through brief annual reports submitted at the beginning of
each October.
 To set up a network of artists abroad. The aim is bringing Zambian artists abroad under
one platform that will allow them to speak in unison on issues that are culturally relevant
to the country. It will also provide a point of contact for Zambian-based art bodies and
artists to connect with their colleagues in the diaspora.
39

Appendix 4
PROJECT PRIOTISATION
Papers:
1. Secondary / college education Project (Human Capital Group) – Annex A

2. Diaspora skills network (Human Capital Group) – Annex B
3. Artists Abroad Network (Culture and Identity Group) – Annex C
4. Acquisition of Commercial Land for Zambians and Zambians in the Diaspora – Annex D
5. Acquisition of Residential plots for Zambians in the Diaspora – Annex E
6. Joint Investment as Diaspora Connect – Annex F
Order of Prioritisation
Tranche 1 (April - July)
Secondary / college education Project (Human Capital Group)

Diaspora skills network (Human Capital Group)
Tranche 2:
ZDC Investment Fund

Artists Abroad Netwok
Tranche 3: Long Term
Acquisition of Residential plots for Zambians in the Diaspora

Acquisition of Commercial Land for Zambians and Zambians in the Diaspora
40

ANNEX A
SECONDARY / COLLEGE EDUCATION PROJECT
Issue: A secondary / college education Project

Thematic Lead : Chola Mukanga (Human Capital Thematic Group)
Outstanding To seek formal agreement from the Zambia Diaspora Connect Executive that :
Decisions :  the project should be considered in the top two priorities across the four
thematic group and therefore fit for purpose for immediate
implementation agreement should be sought with the Human Capital
Group to get their buy-in.
Reason for the The Human Capital Group deliberated as part of the Zambia Diaspora e-
project : Conference 2008 and concluded that GRZ cannot bring change in relationship
with the Diaspora alone. There was an urgent need for the Diaspora to signal
more effectively to the GRZ and Zambians at home that they are ready and
willing partners of development. As a first step it was suggested that a small
education project should be adopted by the Diaspora that can demonstrate the
value that the Diaspora can contribute at a wider level. If such a project
proved successful, it can signal that the Diaspora can be a positive partner of
the Zambian people in the area of human capital development.
Proposal To support a local secondary / college education institution in the Copperbelt or
Lusaka province. The support would include the following :
 direct financial support to the school and pupils;
 human capital support e.g. volunteering, lecture support, workshop
programs, etc ;
 infrastructure support e.g. provision of books, computers, library
facilities, carrying out repairs and other ICT related ;
The aim is that by a given time such a school or learning institution would have
been transformed and should have the best available expertise and support
through the support of Zambia Diaspora Connect. If successful, this model can
be widened to other activities.
Tasks To undertake this project will require the following steps:
 Produce “business case” for the project. This would involve
identification of the school, definition of costs and benefits associated,
feasibility of funding, demand from the Diaspora to help, etc
 Agree support from GRZ to help ease any constraints in implementing
the project.
41
 Agree partnership with the appropriate school administrators
 Implement volunteering scheme and financial architecture

Key forthcoming March 2009  Seek agreements from the Zambia Diaspora
milestones Connect Executive and Human Capital group
April 2009  Develop business case proposal for the project

Risks to delivery Two potential risks to delivery:
 Ineffective demand from the Diaspora to get involved in this project
either through lack of time or financial resources.
 Ineffective administrative support within the Human Capital Group and
Executive to help implement the idea.
Next steps The Executive needs to agree that this project is in the two top priorities for
Zambia Diaspora Connect to action immediately.
Expected financial The project would rely on funds coming from Zambia Diaspora Connect
impact financial initiatives.
ANNEX B
DIASPORA SKILLS NETWORK PROJECT
Issue: A government driven Diaspora skills network

Thematic Lead : Chola Mukanga (Human Capital Thematic Group)
implementation
 agreement should be sought with the Human Capital Group to get their
buy-in.
Reason for the The Human Capital Group deliberated as part of the Zambia Diaspora e-
project Conference 2008 and concluded that GRZ policy action was necessary to
provide an enabling environment that allowed the Zambian Diaspora to be
meaningful partners in development. Among the key recommendation was that
a government driven Diaspora skills network linked to government ministries,
learning institutions and other areas where government saw fit. This would
identify where Zambians abroad could offer help policy and practical help
through skills transfer. If such a project proved successful, it can provide direct
benefits to the Zambian people and the Diaspora would benefit through
development of their skills and widening their networking with “home”.
42

Proposal To create a government driven Diaspora skills network with the following
features :
 an accessible skills database of Zambian professionals and students
abroad;
 an accessible database linked to government ministries and learning
institutions seeking policy and educational support on a voluntary and
“part-funded” basis;
 Produce “business case” for the project. This would involve
identification of possible institutions that may demand such a network,
the potential costs involved, extent of demand for such a project, etc
 Secure GRZ support, this is particularly critical as this has to be GRZ
led and agree work program.
milestones Connect executive and Human Capital Group.

Risks to delivery Three potential risks to delivery :
 Lack of government interest in taking forward the project.
 Ineffective demand from the Diaspora to get involved in this project.
 Ineffective administrative support within the Human Capital Group to
help implement the idea.
Next steps The Zambia Diaspora Connect Executive needs to agree that this project is in
the two top priorities for Zambia Diaspora Connect to action immediately.
43

ANNEX C
ARTISTS ABROAD NETWORK PROJECT
Issue: Artists Abroad Network

Thematic Lead : Chasaya Sichilima (Culture and Identity)
Outstanding To seek formal agreement from the Zambia Diaspora Connect committee that :
implementation agreement should be sought with the Culture and
Identity Group to get their buy-in.
Reason for the The Culture and Identity Group deliberated as part of the Zambia Diaspora e-
project : Conference 2008 and concluded that GRZ cannot bring change in relationship
with the diaspora alone. There was an urgent need for the diaspora to signal
more effectively to the GRZ and Zambians at home that they are ready and
willing partners of development. The diaspora has artists: musicians, writers,
comedians, to mention but a few who could offer a lot in putting value on the
arts in Zambia. A number of them are award-winners while others are respected
voices in the countries of residence. Unfortunately, there is no platform for
them to engage and share ideas on how they can utilise the experience gained
to the benefit of Zambian culture. There is no platform for them to speak with
one voice in articulating their concerns or vision to the relevant cultural bodies
and fellow artists.
Proposal To set up a network of artists abroad. Initially this will be web-based.

The aim is that bringing all these Zambian artists abroad under one platform
will allow them to speak in unison on issues that are culturally relevant to the
country. It will also provide a point of contact for art bodies and artists to
connect with their colleagues in the diaspora. This will also provide a vehicle
for artists abroad to shares opportunities in their resident countries for which
they feel their friends at home could benefit. Opportunities could be in the form
of:
 Film/Music/Book Festivals
 Artistic Scholarships (Residencies)
 Training
44
(I) Produce “business case” for the project. This would involve
identification of artists,
(II) definition of costs and benefits associated, feasibility of funding,

demand from the diaspora to help, etc
(III) Agree support from Zambian art bodies and artists
unions/organisations to help ease any constraints in implementing the
project.
milestones Connect Executive and Culture and Identity Group

Risks to delivery Potential risks to delivery :
 Ineffective demand from the diaspora to get involved in this project
either through lack of time or financial resources.
 Ineffective administrative support within the Culture and Identity Group
and Steering Group to help implement the idea.
 Lack of access to financial resources.
Next steps The Zambia Diaspora Connect Executive needs to agree that this project is in
the two top priorities for Zambia Diaspora Connect to action immediately.
45

ANNEX D
DIASPORA RESIDENTIAL PLOTS ACQUISITION PROJECT
Issue: Acquisition of Residential plots for Zambians in the Diaspora

Thematic Lead : Musaba Chailunga (Land and Housing Thematic Group)
Decisions
 The project should be considered in the top two priorities across the four
implementation agreement should be sought with the Land and Housing
group to get their buy-in.
Reason for the The Land and Housing group deliberated as part of the Zambia Diaspora e-
project Conference 2008 and concluded that GRZ needed to do more to attract Diaspora
involvement in land development be it residential, commercial or Agricultural.
There was also an urgent need for the Diaspora to start organizing themselves
and lobby government for both free and affordable serviced land for
development.
Purpose To initially acquire a minimum of 50 – 100 residential plots to be developed by

Zambians in the Diaspora. The land should be in one area and an independent
developer will be employed to build residential homes to Diaspora
specifications. Homes maybe customized.
 Will help set up one of the low density residential neighbourhoods with
services like sewage, hydro power, cable, internet and water
 Will help the country earn some foreign exchange and create some
construction related Jobs
 Produce “business case” for the project.
 Lobby government for land in an area earmarked for low density
residential neighbourhoods.
 Zambia Diaspora Connect to manage the distribution of land to
interested parties
 Agree partnership with the appropriate stakeholders for example local
Government 46

Key forthcoming
March 2009  Seek agreements from the Executive and Land and
milestones
Housing
April 2009  Develop business case proposal for the project
Risks to delivery Four potential risks to delivery :

 Inability to obtain desirable land or area
 There could be lack of interest from the Diaspora to participate
 Inability to agree on terms
 Willing participants may lack access to financial resources.
Zambia Diaspora Connect to action immediately
ANNEX F
ZAMBIA DIASPORA CONNECT – PROJECT PLAN
Issue: Joint Investment as Diaspora connect

Thematic Lead : Bright Chinganya -Investment Thematic Group
Outstanding Building a database of all the Zambian abroad who are running their own
Decisions companies or have the potential to investment.
Reason for the Zambia Diaspora Group with its member companies will source funds for
project investments.
Purpose To help collaborate and coordinate Entrepreneur effort in the Diaspora and help
create access to business opportunities in and outside Zambia. Also act as a
source of technical resource by Government and Zambian businesses alike.
Tasks
 Invite Zambian owned businesses
 Create ZDC business awareness with the Government of Zambia
47
 Market our business and technical solutions

Key forthcoming March 2009  Review our Potential investment pool.
milestones
 Meeting to be held to discuss the first
attack/investment based on the expected finances to
be raised and how profit will be shared.
April 2009
Other Milestones  Successful creation of a business database from members
Risks to delivery
Next steps
48

ANNEX E
DIASPORA COMMERCIAL LAND ACQUISITION PROJECT
Issue: Acquisition of Commercial Land for Zambians and Zambians in the Diaspora
Thematic Lead : Musaba Chailunga (Land and Housing Thematic Group)
Outstanding To seek formal agreement from the Zambia Diaspora Connect Steering Group
Decisions that :
 The project should be considered in the top two priorities across the
four thematic group and therefore fit for purpose for immediate
implementation agreement should be sought with the Land and Housing
group to get their buy-in.
Reason for the The Land and Housing group deliberated as part of the Zambia Diaspora e-
project Conference 2008 and concluded that GRZ needed to do more to attract
Diaspora involvement in land development be it residential, commercial or
Agricultural. There was also an urgent need for the diaspora to start organising
themselves and lobby government for both free and affordable serviced land for
development.
Purpose To acquire land appropriate for the development of a hotel or resort in Zambia
by Zambians in the diaspora. The land should be in an area with reasonable
demand for hotels and an independent developer will be employed to build
such a facility to diaspora specifications.
Financing will be done in units. A room will constitute a unit. The plan is that
the cost of each room will be financed by an individual or individuals. Some
individuals may pay for more units but limitations will strictly be based on
demand. The cost per unit will cover a portion for other hotel services like
grounds, kitchen, bars and restaurants.
The estimated cost per unit is $15,000.00 US. Zambia Diaspora Connect claims
10% of that in fees and administration costs.
 Will help the country earn some foreign exchange and create some
construction related Jobs
 Create jobs for the service industry
 Earn some revenue for Zambia Diaspora Connect
 Help address Zambia‟s shortage in hotels beds
 Zambia Diaspora Connect to maintain 10% control of the facility
49

 Lobby government for land in an area earmarked for tourist or hotel
development
 Zambia Diaspora Connect to manage the marketing of the concept to
Zambians everywhere.
 Agree partnership with the appropriate stakeholders e.g tourism
ministry, investors
 Determine service charges for land (Government fees + ZDC charges).
Key forthcoming
March 2009  Seek agreements from the Steering Group and Land
milestones
and Housing
April 2009  Develop business case proposal for the project
Risks to delivery Four potential risks to delivery :

 Inability to obtain desirable land or area
 There could be lack of interest from the Diaspora to participate
 Inability to agree on terms
 Willing participants may lack access to financial resources.
Zambia Diaspora Connect to action immediately
Expected financial The project would rely on individuals looking for land to finance costs related
impact to their needs. This project is designed to be funded by the individuals most
who have already been looking for access to land.
50

2008 Zambia Diaspora Econference Report

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2008 Zambia Diaspora E-Conference

Visioning Diaspora involvement

ZAMBIA DIASPORA CONNECT

Paul Lupunga, Tchiyiwe Chihana, Chola Mukanga, Chasaya Sichilima,

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

2.0. Conference Outline

identity, citizenry and commitment to Zambia?

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

3.0. Thematic Deliberations

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

The discussions established that the Ministries of Community Development, of Tourism, of

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

4.1. Defining Zambia’s Diaspora

4.2. Diaspora Remittances

4.3. Diaspora Policy and Strategy

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

4.4 Development Partner Involvement

5.0. Conference Next Steps

5.1. Report Dissemination to Diaspora

5.2. Developing Rapport with Government

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

5.3 Project Plans for Implementation

5.4. Partnering Migration Specialist Agencies

5.5. 2009 Diaspora E-Conference Preparations

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Appendix 1. Conference Invitation brochure.

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

To: Zambian Embassies and High Commissions.

Zambia Diaspora E-Conference 2008

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

1. Human Capital – Chola Mukanga

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Post Conference Actions

Ref: NCDP 101/9/135

cc: Mr C. Evans Chibiliti

cc. Dr. James S. Mulungushi

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Submissions to the Diaspora Connect e-Conference Land and Housing

Human Capital Group

The Human Capital reached the following conclusions:

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

2. How can government facilitate human-capital transfer to Zambia, by Zambians living

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Bright Chinganya has a Masters in Finance. He works as an accountant in Melbourne, Australia.

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Diaspora Investment Pty Ltd

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Zambia Diaspora Connect | Zambia First

Land and Housing Thematic Group

About the Author