Skeletal/MuscularSystemUnitPlan

MaryM.McEwan Spring2013 MountSaintMaryCollege

 Introduction Thisunitplanisintendedfor7thgradestudentsinalifescienceclass.Itwillserveasan extensiontotheskeletalandmuscularsystemwhichthestudentshavebeenbrieflyexposedto inpreviousyears.Tobegin,thestudentswilllearnthattheskeletalsystemisaboutallthe bonesandconnectivetissuethatcreatestheframeworkforyourbodyandtheywillunderstand thefivemainfunctionsoftheskeletalsystem.Theywilldiscoverboneshavefourmainlayers andthatconnectivetissuessuchasligaments,tendons,andcartilageareimportant componentsofboththeskeletalandmuscularsystem.Studentswilllearnaboutthefivetypes ofjoints,malfunctionsoftheskeletalsystem,andbeabletolabelthe20majorbonesofthe humanbody.Thestudentswillexplorethethreetypesofmuscletissue,wheretheyarefound, andtheirfunction.Finally,studentswillbeabletolabelthe10majormusclesofthehuman body. SeveraloftheNewYorkStateIntermediateLevelSciencestandardswillbeaddressed throughthisunit.Undersciencecontentstandard1,keyideas1,2,and3,whichinvolve scienceasinquiry,aswellascontentstandard4,keyidea1whichinvolvestheskeletaland muscularsystemwillbeaddressed.Additionally,NewYorkStateStandards1,2,and3which involvetheverbalandwrittenlanguage,willbeincorporatedintothisunitplan. Itisimportantforstudentstohaveanunderstandingofthehumanbodyandhowit functionsbecausetheywillneedtobuildonthisknowledgethroughouttheiracademiccareer inbothhighschoolandcollege.Itisacriticaltopicforthosewishingtohaveacareerinhealth ormedicine.Youhavetoknowaboutthebodyandtheorgansandhowtheyfunctionsothat youcanunderstandaboutillnessanddiseasesandhowitaffectsthevariousorgans.Usingthis youcanthenlearnhowtotreatandmanagetheconditions.Thestudyofthehumanbodycan beaveryenlighteningand,thereby,averyrewardingexperienceforanadolescentstudent. Youngchildrenhaveanaturalcuriosityabouttheirbodiesandthiscuriositycanmotivatethem tolearnaboutthehumanbody.Knowingmoreaboutthehumanbodywillhelpstudents understandabouthowwefunctionineverydaylife.Thepurposeofthisunitplanistoclarify

theimportanceofboththeskeletalandthemuscularsystemandhowtheyworktogetherto carryouttheirfunction.

 GoalsandObjectives 1) Goal:Thestudentwillunderstandthefivemainfunctionsoftheskeletalsystem. a. Objective1:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletolistthefivetypesofjoints,explainthetypeofmovementat each,andgiveanexamplewith90%accuracy. b. Objective2:giventheclassnotes,discussions,andskeletonactivity,the studentwillbeabletorecognizeandlabelthe20majorbonesofthehuman bodywith90%accuracy. c. Objective3:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletoidentifyandlabelthemaincomponents/layersthatmakeup boneswith90%accuracy. d. Objective4:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletonameanddescribeatleastthreemalfunctionsoftheskeletal systemwith90%accuracy. 2) Goal:Thestudentwillunderstandthemajorfunctionofthemuscularsystem. a. Objective1:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletocompareandcontrastvoluntaryandinvoluntarymusclesand givenanexampleofeachwith90%accuracy. b. Objective2:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletoname,describeandgiveanexampleofeachofthethreetypes ofmuscletissuethebodywith90%accuracy. c. Objective3:Giventheclassnotes,discussions,andshortvideos,thestudent willbeabletodescribehowmusclesworkandhowapairofmusclesworks togetherwith90%accuracy.

 Standards
NationalStandards ContentStandardCLifeScience:Asaresultoftheiractivitiesingrades68,allstudents shoulddevelopanunderstandingof NewYorkStateStandards Standard1:LanguageforInformationandUnderstanding.Studentswilllisten,speak,read, andwriteforinformationandunderstanding.Aslistenersandreaders,studentswillcollect data,facts,andideas;discoverrelationships,concepts,andgeneralizations;anduse knowledgegeneratedfromoral,written,andelectronicallyproducedtexts.Asspeakersand writers,theywilluseoralandwrittenlanguagethatfollowstheacceptedconventionsofthe EnglishLanguagetoacquire,interpret,apply,andtransmitinformation. Standard1:Analysis,Inquiry,andDesign.Thecentralpurposeofscientificinquiryisto developexplanationsofnaturalphenomenainacontinuing,creativeprocess. Standard2:KnowingandUsingArtsMaterialsandResources.Studentswillbe knowledgeableaboutandmakeuseofthematerialsandresourcesavailableforparticipation intheartsinscience. Standard3:LanguageforCriticalAnalysisandEvaluation.Studentswilllisten,speak,read, andwrite,forcriticalanalysisandevaluation.Aslistenersandreaders,studentswillanalyze experiences,ideas,information,andissuespresentedbyothersusingavarietyofestablished criteria.Asspeakersandwriters,theywilluseoralandwrittenlanguagethatfollowsthe acceptedconventionsoftheEnglishlanguagetopresent,fromavarietyofperspectives,their opinionsandjudgmentsonexperiences,ideas,information,andissues. Thecell Molecularbasisofheredity Biologicalevolution Interdependenceoforganisms Matter,energy,andorganizationinlivingsystems Behavioroforganisms.

Standard4:Studentswillunderstandandapplyscientificconcepts,principles,andtheories pertainingtothephysicalsettingandlivingenvironmentandrecognizethehistorical developmentofideasinscience. KeyIdea1

PerformanceIndicator1.2 MajorUnderstanding1.2a,1.2b,1.2g,1.2j

 SubjectMatterOutlineKeyConcepts Skeletalsystem:Thisistheframeworkforyourbody.Allthebonesinyourbodymakeup theskeletalsystem. Thefivefunctionsoftheskeletalsystem: o Theskeletongivesshapeandsupporttoyourbody. o Bonesprotectyourinternalorgans.Forexampleribssurroundtheheartandlungs, andtheskullenclosesthebrain. o Majormusclesareattachedtoboneandhelpthemmove. o Bloodcellsareformedinthecenterofmanybonesinsofttissuecalledredmarrow. o Majorquantitiesofcalciumandphosphorouscompoundsarestoredintheskeleton forlateruse.Calciumandphosphorusmakeboneshard. Bonestructureandcomponents: o Periosteum:Thetough,tightfittingmembranethatcoversthesurfaceofbones. Smallbloodvesselsintheperiosteumcarrynutrientsintothebone.Cellsinvolvedin thegrowthandrepairofbonealsoarefoundintheperiosteum. o CompactBone:Ahardstronglayerthatgivesbonestrength.Ithasaframework containingdepositsofcalciumandphosphatemakingthebonehard.Bonecellsand bloodvesselsalsoarefoundinthislayerkeepingbonefrombeingbrittleoreasily broken. o SpongyBone:Locatedtowardtheendsoflongbonessuchasthoseinyourthigh andupperarm.Spongybonehasmanysmall,openspacesthatmakebones lightweight.Ifallyourboneswerecompletelysolid,youwouldbewaytoheavy. Marrow:Inthecentersoflongbonesarelargeopeningscalledcavities. Thesecavitiesandthespacesinspongybonearefilledwithasubstance calledmarrow.Somemarrowisyellowandsomeiscomposedoffatcells. Redmarrowproducesredbloodcellsatanincrediblerateof2millionto3 millioncellspersecond.

o Cartilage:Theendsofbonesarecoveredwithasmooth,slippery,thicklayerof tissuecalledcartilage.Cartilagedoesnotcontainbloodvesselsorminerals. Nutrientsaredeliveredtocartilagebynearbybloodvessels.Cartilageisflexibleand importantinjointsbecauseitactsasashockabsorber.Italsomakesmovement easierbyreducingfrictionthatwouldbecausedbybonesrubbingtogether. Cartilagecanbedamagedbecauseofdisease,injury,oryearsofuse.Peoplewith damagedcartilageexperiencepainwhentheymove. o Joints:anyplacewheretwoormorebonescometogether.Thebonesareheldin placeatthesejointsbyatoughbandoftissuecalledaligament.Manyjoints,such asyourknee,areheldtogetherbymorethanoneligament.Musclesmovebonesby movingjoints. ImmovableJoints:Allowlittletonomovementandarefoundinthehuman skull. HingeJoints:Allowbackandforthmovementandarefoundintheelbow andknee. PivotJoints:Onebonerotatinginanotherthatdoesnotmove.Thisjointis foundintheneck. BallandSocketJoints:Allowsforcircularmovement.Theroundendofone bonefitsintothecuplikecavityofanotherbone.Thistypeofjointisfound inyourshoulderandhip. GlidingJoints:Onepartofaboneslidesoveranotherbone.Usedthemost andisfoundinthewrists,ankles,andvertebraoftheback. o Malfunctions: Arthritis:Paincausedbytheinflammationofthejoints.Thisisthemost commonjointproblem.Thetermarthritisdescribesmorethan100different diseasesthatcandamagethejoints.Aboutoneoutofeverysevenpeoplein theUnitedStatessuffersfromarthritis.Twotypesofarthritisare osteoarthritisandrheumatoidarthritis.Osteoarthritisresultswhencartilage

breaksdownbecauseofyearsofuse.Rheumatoidarthritisisanongoing conditioninwhichthebodysimmunesystemtriestodestroyitsowntissue. Scoliosis:Thesidewayscurvatureofthespinethatmayoccurduringthe growthspurtbeforepubertyalthoughthatcauseofmostscoliosisis unknown.Mostcasesofscoliosisaremildbutseverescoliosiscanbe disabling.Anespeciallyseverespinalcurvecanreducetheamountofspace withinthechest,makingitdifficultforthelungstofunctionproperly.The conditionismonitoredwithxraysbutinmanycases,notreatmentis necessary.Somepatientswillneedtowearabracetostopthecurvefrom worsening,othersmayneedsurgery. Osteoporosis:Lossofbonedensitywhichcanresultinpainandbone fractures.Riskfactorsincludeaging,beingfemale,andlowbodyweight. Therearenosymptomsofthisdiseaseuntilyoufractureabone.Prevention andtreatmentofosteoporosisincludecalciumandvitaminD,regular exercise,andosteoporosismedications. o Labelthe20majorbonesofthehumanskeletalsystem:

o Muscle:anorganthatcanrelax,contract,andprovidetheforcetomoveyourbody parts.Intheprocess,energyisusedandworkisdone.Thereareover600muscles inthehumanbodyandsomemusclesarealwaysmoving! o Musclecontrol: Musclesthatyouareabletocontrol,oryouchoosetomovethemornot movethemarecalledvoluntarymuscles. MusclesthatyouareNOTabletocontrol,oryoudoNOTchoosetomove themarecalledinvoluntarymuscles.Theygoworkingalldaylong,allyour life. o Movement: Yourskeletalsystemandmuscularsystemworktogetherwhenyoumove. Theactionsofmuscles,bones,andjointsworkingtogetherislikealever.In yourbody,bonesarerods,jointsarefulcrums,andcontractionand relaxationofmusclesprovidetheforcetomovebodyparts. o Classificationofmuscletype: Skeletalmusclesarethemusclesthatmovebones.Theyaremorecommon thanothermuscletypesandareattachedtobonesbythickbandsoftissue calledtendons.Whenviewedunderamicroscope,skeletalmusclecellsare striated,andappearstriped.Skeletalmusclesarevoluntary.Skeletal musclestendtocontractquicklyandtiremoreeasilythaninvoluntary muscles. Cardiacmuscleisfoundonlyintheheart.Cardiacmuscleisstriated.This typeofmusclecontractsabout70timesperminueteverydayofyourlife. Smoothmusclesarefoundinyourintestines,bladder,bloodvessels,and otherinternalorgans.Theyarenonstriated,involuntarymusclesthatslowly contractandrelax.Internalorgansaremadeofoneormorelayersof smoothmuscles. o Workingmuscles:

Youmovebecausepairsofskeletalmusclesworktogether.Whenone muscleofapaircontracts,theothermusclerelaxes,orreturnstoitsoriginal length.Musclesalwayspull,theyneverpush.Whenthemuscleontheback ofyouupperlegcontracts,theyshortenandpullyourlowerlegbackandup. Whenyoustraightenyourleg,thebackmusclelengthenandrelax,andthe muscleonthefrontofyourupperlegcontracts.

o Labelthe10majormusclesofthehumanbodysystem:

 Possiblemethodsofstartingthelesson 1. UnitOrganizer:Thelessonwillbeginbyintroducingtheentiretyoftheunitthrougha graphicorganizer.Thereisaseparategraphicorganizerfortheskeletalandmuscular system.Iwillleadthediscussionabouteachhumansystemasweworktogethertofillout theunitorganizers.Thismethodallowsstudentstoseewhatinformationtheywillbe learning,visualizehowthetwosystemsarerelated,aswellasworktoactivateanyprior knowledgeonthetopics.Onthesamepageasthegraphicorganizerisalistofabout10 vocabularywordsstudentsshouldknowandlearnthroughouttheunit.Atthebottomof thepageareafewkeyquestionsorobjectivesstudentsshouldbeabletoanswerafter completingthisunit.Iwillbegintheunitbypointingouttheseresourcesandexplaining howtheseandtheunitorganizercombinedareagreatwaytostudycometesttime.

 Culminatingproject Intheskeletal/muscularsystemunittheculminatingprojectrelatestotheskeletal

system.Studentswillindividuallyworkontheculminatingproject.Theywillhaveoneclass periodtoworkonitandaweektocompleteitathomeiftheydonotfinishitinclass. Thestudentstaskistoconstructahumanskeleton.Thestudentsareexpectedtocolor

coordinateeachboneofthehumanbody,labelit,cutitout,andfinallyconstructtheskeleton. Theprojectwillcountasaquizgradeandwillbegradedbasedonwhetherthestudenthas followedthedirectionscompletely.Pleaseseeattachedprojectoutline.

 Lesson1:IntroductiontoSkeletalSystem Goals,Objectives,andStandards o Goals o Thestudentwillunderstandthefivemainfunctionsoftheskeletalsystem. o Thestudentwillunderstandthefourmainlayersthatmakeupthestructureof bones. o Thestudentwillunderstandthefivetypesofjoints,howtheymove,andan exampleofeach. o Objectives o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,models,andshortvideoclips,thestudent willbeabletowriteanddescribethefivefunctionsoftheskeletalsystemin detailwith90%accuracy. o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,models,andshortvideoclips,thestudent willbeabletoidentify,label,anddescribethefourmainlayersthatmakeupthe structureofboneswith90%accuracy. o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,models,andshortvideoclips,thestudent willbeabletolist,describe,andgivenanexamplethefivetypesofjointswith 90%accuracy. o Standard o NationalStandards ContentStandardCLifeScience:Asaresultoftheiractivitiesingrades6 8,allstudentsshoulddevelopanunderstandingof Thecell Molecularbasisofheredity Biologicalevolution Interdependenceoforganisms Matter,energy,andorganizationinlivingsystems

Behavioroforganisms.

o NewYorkStateStandards Standard1:LanguageforInformationandUnderstanding. Standard1:Analysis,Inquiry,andDesign. Standard2:KnowingandUsingArtsMaterialsandResources. Standard3:LanguageforCriticalAnalysisandEvaluation. Standard4:Studentswillunderstandandapplyscientificconcepts, principles,andtheoriespertainingtothephysicalsettingandliving environmentandrecognizethehistoricaldevelopmentofideasin science. KeyIdea1 o PerformanceIndicator1.2 Materials/Resources o Materials/Resources o Pen/pencil o WeeklywarmupSheet o Skeletalsystemnotes o Skeletalsystemmodel o Jointmodels(shoulder,hip,knee,neck,vertebra,skull) o Realanimalbones o Theskeletalsystemworksheet(homework) o UseofElectronicTechnologyinTeaching o SMARTBoardscreen,projector,andpens o TeacherComputer TeachingandLearningStrategies o Introduction MajorUnderstanding1.2a,1.2b,1.2g,1.2j

o Asstudentswalkintotheclassroomtheywillpickupthenotesontheskeletal systemonthefrontdesk. o Theclasswillbegin,asusual,withawarmupexerciseontheboard.The warmupwillread,Whataresomefunctionsoftheskeletalsystem?Asthe studentswritetheanswertothewarmupontheirwarmupsheets,Iwill takeattendance.Afterafewmoments,Iwillallowforclassdiscussiontosee whatanswersstudentscomeupwith.Iwillonlyspendaminuteortwoonthe warmupbecausewehaventactuallylearnedtheanswertothequestionyet; thequestionjustservesasawaytoassessstudentspriorknowledge. o Thehomeworkisalsowrittenontheboardatthebeginningofclass.Students areexpectedtotakeouttheirplannersandwriteitdownbeforebeginningclass. Iwillverballytellthestudentstoremembertotakeouttheirplannerandwrite thattonightshomeworkistheskeletalsystemworksheetthattheywillreceive attheendofclass. o Theclasswillcontinuewithanintroductiontotheunitontheskeletalandmuscular system.Tointroducetheskeletalsystemwewillfillouttheskeletalsystemunit organizeonthefrontpageofthenotes.Iwillleadadiscussionabouttheskeletal systemmakingsuretopointoutwhyitisimportantandwhyweneedtolearnaboutit. IwillhelpstudentsfillouttheunitorganizerbywritingintheanswersontheSMART board.AsIwriteineachanswerIwillbrieflytalkaboutwhatwewillbelearning.For example,whenwefillintheboxontheunitorganizerthatindicatestheskeletalsystem hasmanymalfunctionsIwillaskstudentsiftheyknowofanymalfunctions/diseasesof theskeletalsystem.Throughouttheintroduction,Iwillaskthestudentsquestionsto seewhattheyalreadyknowabouttheskeletalsystem. o Development o Theinstructionalstrategyusedinthislessonisdirectinstruction. o Iwillbeusingdirectinstructiontolecturetheclassontheskeletalsystemusing notesIcreatedthroughSMARTtechnology.Thenotescontainmanypictures, animations,andshortvideoclipstoaidinunderstandingofthetopic.The

studentswillbefillinginsentencesorphrasesontheirnotepacketandthenI willdiscussthetopic.Iwillbeusingexamples,pictures,videos,andmodels throughoutthelessontoaidinstudentunderstanding. o Thedevelopmentwillconsistofnotesonthefivefunctionsoftheskeletal system,thestructureofbones,andthefivetypesofjoints. o Realanimalboneswillbeusedtoteachthestructureofbones,andlaboratory modelswillbeusedtoteachthefivetypesofjoints. o Thedevelopmentshouldlastthemajorityofthelesson,approximately30 minutes. o Guidedpracticeandfeedback(Checkforunderstanding) o Guidedpracticeandfeedbackwillbeincorporatedthroughoutthedevelopment ofthislessonthroughtheuseofquestioning.Byaskingstudentspredictionand assessmentquestionsIwillbegiventhemguidedpracticeaswellasfeedback whenIrespondtotheiranswer.Examplesofquestionsinclude: Whyaretheirmorebonesinababythananadult? Cartilageisfoundontheendsofbones,whatdoyouthinkitfeelslike? Whyarentourbonescompletelysolid?Whatwouldhappenifwedidnt havespongybone? Wheredoyouthinkyouwouldfinda______________joint? Whattypeofmovementdoesthattypeofjointhave?

o Iwillhelpmystudentsunderstandthematerialbygivingconstructiveresponses totheirquestions.IwillgivespecificpraisesuchasIlikethewayyouphrased thatwhenastudentiscorrectandaskotherstudentsforhelpsuchas,does anyonewanttoaddto________sanswerwhenastudentisincorrect. o Thehomeworksheetwillalsoserveasguidedpracticeandfeedbackifthereis enoughtimeinclasstostartworkingonit. o AccommodationsandModificationsforLearnerswithSpecialNeeds o Inthislesson,studentswithspecialneedswillreceiveafilledincopyofthe worksheetsotheyhaveallthecorrectanswerswithoutrushingtocompleteit.

Thereisalsoateachersaidthatwillwalkaroundtheclass,helpasneeded,and keepstudentsfocused. o Forthosestudentswhoarehavingtroublemasteringthematerial,additional individualizedhelpwillbegivenafterclass. o Thosestudentswhohaveearlymasteryofthematerialwillbeaskedtoassist thosestudentswhomayneedadditionalhelp. o Astheteacher,Iwillbeassessingmystudentsprogressthroughoutthelesson. Indoingthis,Iwillbeabletoaccommodateneedsbyadjustingmyinstruction. Forexample,ifmystudentsunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueatafaster pace,butifmystudentsdonotunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueata slowerpace. o Closure o AsclosuretothislessonIwillprovideashortsummaryofwhatwelearnedtoday andIwillansweranyquestionstheymayhave.Iwillpassoutthehomework sheetandremindthemthatthefrontandbackofitisduetomorrow. o WithanyremainingclasstimeIwillallowstudenttostarttheirhomeworkwhileI passbackstudentpapersthathavebeengradedandrecorded. o IndependentPractice o Forindependentpractice,studentswillcompletethefrontandbackofthe skeletalsystemworksheetforhomework,duetomorrowinclass.Thiswillallow studentstimetounderstandthematerialonanindividualbasis. o MethodofEvaluation o Twotypesofformativeassessmentwillbeusedtoevaluatestudentsduringand afterthelesson. Iwillbeaskingmystudentsquestionsasaformofformativeassessment. Thiswillallowmetogagewhetherornottheclassunderstandsthe materialandcanmoveonorneedssomemorereviewbeforewe continue.Myquestionswilldirectlycorrelatetomylearninggoalsand objectivesofthelessonsothatIcanassessmystudentsprogressin

meetingthesetargets.Thesequestionswillbescatteredthroughoutthe lessonandwillbedirectedtoallstudents. Thesecondtypeofformativeassessmentwillbetocreateawarmup questionfortomorrowinordertoreviewthematerialagain.Thewarm upassignmentservesasarevieworrefresherofthecontentthatwas coveredduringthelastclass.Thewarmupfortomorrowwillbe,list thefivetypesofjointsandnameoneexampleofeach.


Name ______________________________ Period ___ Date _________

Class Notes: The Skeletal System

There are 5 functions for the Skeletal System: 1. __________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________ 5. ___________________________________________________________ There are __________ bones in the human body! There are more in a baby! Why? Before your bones were fully formed, they were made of ________________ which was broken down and changed to bone. Cartilage: __________________________________________________________________ Bone Structure: Periosteum: Tough membrane that ________________________________________ Contains _________________ that carry nutrients to bone Has cells involved in ___________________ and ________________ of bone Compact Bone: ___________, ____________ layer under periosteum Gives bone strength Contains deposits of calcium and phosphorus

Spongy Bone: On ends of long bones Has open spaces to make bones _____________________ Filled with _________________which produces blood cells Cartilage: Found bone form on ends of where they

___________________. Shaft: Cylinder part of a long bone.

Joint: Any place where two or more bones are ____________ _________________. Cartilage is on ends of bones to keep them from rubbing against _________________. Ligaments: Connect _________________ to ______________________. Types of Joints Immovable: Allow __________________ or ________movement. Found in ____________________________________.

Hinge: Allow ____________ and ________________ movement. Found in: ____________________________________

Pivot: One bone rotating in another that does not _____________. Found in ___________________________________ __.

Ball and Socket: Allow _____________________

movement. Round end of one bone fits into __________________of another bone. Found in _____________________________________.

Gliding: One part of a bone slides over another____________. Used the most, found in __________________________.

Malfunctions Arthritis: Pain caused by inflammation of the _____________.

Scoliosis: Curvature of the ________________.

Osteoporosis: Loss of bone ___________________. (Often due to age)

 Lesson2:SkeletalSystemProject Goals,Objectives,andStandards o Goals o Thestudentwillunderstandandlearnthe20majorbonesthatmakeupthe humanskeletalsystem. o Objectives o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,andaskeletonmodel,thestudentwillbe abletoconstructahumanskeletonbyidentifying,colorcoding,andlabelingthe scientificname,ofeachbonewith90%accuracy. o Standard o NationalStandards ContentStandardCLifeScience:Asaresultoftheiractivitiesingrades6 8,allstudentsshoulddevelopanunderstandingof Thecell Molecularbasisofheredity Biologicalevolution Interdependenceoforganisms Matter,energy,andorganizationinlivingsystems Behavioroforganisms.

o NewYorkStateStandards Standard1:LanguageforInformationandUnderstanding. Standard1:Analysis,Inquiry,andDesign. Standard2:KnowingandUsingArtsMaterialsandResources. Standard3:LanguageforCriticalAnalysisandEvaluation. Standard4:Studentswillunderstandandapplyscientificconcepts, principles,andtheoriespertainingtothephysicalsettingandliving

environmentandrecognizethehistoricaldevelopmentofideasin science. KeyIdea1 o PerformanceIndicator1.2 Materials/Resources o Materials/Resources o Pen/pencil o WeeklywarmupSheet o Skeletalsystemnotes o Humanbodymodel o SkeletonProjectworksheet o UseofElectronicTechnologyinTeaching o SMARTBoardscreen,projector,andpens o TeacherComputer TeachingandLearningStrategies o Introduction o Asstudentswalkintotheclassroomtheywillpickuptheprojectontheskeletal systemonthefrontdesk. o Theclasswillbegin,asusual,withawarmupexerciseontheboardwitha questionfromyesterdayslesson.Thewarmupwillread,identifyandlabel thepartsthatmakeupthestructureofyourbones?Asthestudentswritethe answertothewarmupontheirwarmupsheets,Iwilltakeattendanceand walkaroundandcheckthehomeworksheet.Afterafewmoments,Iwillallow forclassdiscussiontoseewhatanswersstudentscomeupwith.Iwillspenda fewminutesonthewarmupsothatstudentsgetareviewofyesterdayslesson. MajorUnderstanding1.2a,1.2b,1.2g,1.2j

Reviewingthematerialagainwillhelpthemrememberitcometesttimeaswell aspreparethemfortodayslesson. o Thehomeworkisalsowrittenontheboardatthebeginningofclass.Students areexpectedtotakeouttheirplannersandwriteitdownbeforebeginningclass. Iwillverballytellthestudentstoremembertotakeouttheirplannerandwrite thattonightshomeworkistofinishtheskeletonprojectwewillbedoingtoday inclass. o Theclasswillcontinuewithanintroductiontotheskeletonproject.This introductionwillconsistoftalkingaboutthe20majorbonesthatmakeupthe humanbody.Throughouttheintroduction,Iwillaskthestudentsquestionsto seewhattheyalreadyknowabouttheskeletonsystem. o Development o Theinstructionalstrategyusedinthislessonisdirectinstructionandcooperative learning. o Iwillstartbyusingdirectinstructiontolecturetheclassonthe20majorbones ofthehumanbody.Thestudentswilllabelthesebonesonthelastpageoftheir skeletalsystemnotes.Aswelabeleachbonewithitsscientificname,Iwillgivea briefdescriptionofthatboneandwhatitsfunctionis.Thisshouldtake approximately20minutesoftheclassperiod. o Iwillthenverballyexplainthedirectionstotheskeletonproject.Studentswill beexpectedtofollowdirectionsinordertoreceiveagoodgrade.Studentswill getapacketofdifferentbonesinthehumanbody.Theywilllabelthebonewith thescientificname,colorcodeit,andthenconstructthehumanbodyusingthe bonecutouts.Studentswillbeallowedtoworkinpairstocompletethisactivity althoughanindividualprojectmustbeturnedin.Iftheprojectisnotfinishedin classitwillbeduethenextday. o Guidedpracticeandfeedback(Checkforunderstanding) o Theskeletalprojectitselfservesasguidedpractice.Itallowsstudenttopractice namingthebonesusingthescientificname.

o Guidedpracticeandfeedbackwillbeincorporatedthroughoutthedevelopment ofthislessonthroughtheuseofquestioning.Byaskingstudentspredictionand assessmentquestionsIwillbegiventhemguidedpracticeaswellasfeedback whenIrespondtotheiranswer.Iwillalsobewalkingaroundtheroom, refocusingstudentsandansweringanyquestionstheymayhaveaboutthe project. o Iwillhelpmystudentsunderstandthematerialbygivingconstructiveresponses totheirquestions.IwillgivespecificpraisesuchasIlikethewayyouphrased thatwhenastudentiscorrectandaskotherstudentsforhelpsuchas,does anyonewanttoaddto________sanswerwhenastudentisincorrect. o AccommodationsandModificationsforLearnerswithSpecialNeeds o Inthislesson,studentswithspecialneedswillreceiveafilledincopyofthenotes sotheyhaveallthecorrectanswerswithoutrushingtocompleteit.Thereisalso ateachersaidthatwillwalkaroundtheclass,helpasneeded,andkeep studentsfocused. o Forthosestudentswhoarehavingtroublemasteringthematerial,additional individualizedhelpwillbegivenafterclass. o Thosestudentswhohaveearlymasteryofthematerialwillbeaskedtoassist thosestudentswhomayneedadditionalhelp. o Astheteacher,Iwillbeassessingmystudentsprogressthroughoutthelesson. Indoingthis,Iwillbeabletoaccommodateneedsbyadjustingmyinstruction. Forexample,ifmystudentsunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueatafaster pace,butifmystudentsdonotunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueata slowerpace. o Closure o AsclosuretothislessonIwillprovideashortsummaryofwhatwelearnedtoday andIwillansweranyquestionstheymayhave.Iwillremindstudentsthatthe projectisduetomorrow. o IndependentPractice

o Forindependentpractice,studentswillcompletetheremainderoftheirskeletal systemprojectandbringitintomorrow. o MethodofEvaluation o Twotypesofformativeassessmentwillbeusedtoevaluatestudentsduringand afterthelesson. Iwillbeaskingmystudentsquestionsasaformofformativeassessment. Thiswillallowmetogagewhetherornottheclassunderstandsthe materialandcanmoveonorneedssomemorereviewbeforewe continue.Myquestionswilldirectlycorrelatetomylearninggoalsand objectivesofthelessonsothatIcanassessmystudentsprogressin meetingthesetargets.Thesequestionswillbescatteredthroughoutthe lessonandwillbedirectedtoallstudents. Thesecondtypeofformativeassessmentwillbetocreateawarmup questionfortomorrowinordertoreviewthematerialagain.Thewarm upassignmentservesasarevieworrefresherofthecontentthatwas coveredduringthelastclass.Thewarmupfortomorrowwillask studentstowritethescientificnameof5bones,thethighbone, breastbone,skull,collarbone,andanklebone.

Name______________________________

Skeleton Project Directions: 1. Color the bones on the attached pattern pieces using the following key: Phalanges red Metacarpals orange Carpals yellow Ulna green Radius blue Humerus purple Clavicle pink Sternum pink Mandible red Vertebrae & tailbone brown Femur green Patella - blue Tibia - purple Fibula - pink Tarsals - yellow Metatarsals - orange Ribs - purple Scapula - aqua Cranium - orange Pelvic girdle yellow

2. 3. 4. 5.

Label the bones on the front of each one. Cut out the bones following the outside line. Put your name on the back of each piece. Place the pieces in a large ziplock bag and bring it to class on the due date _____________________. 6. The skeleton will be assembled in class on this date.

Lesson3:IntroductiontoMuscularSystem Goals,Objectives,andStandards o Goals o Thestudentwillunderstandthefunctionsofthemuscularsystemandhowit relatestotheskeletalsystem. o Thestudentwillunderstandhowmusclesworkandthattheycanbeeither voluntaryorinvoluntary. o Thestudentwillunderstandthethreetypesofmuscletissueinthehumanbody. o Objectives o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,andshortvideoclips,thestudentwillbe abletowriteanddescribethefunctionofthemuscularsystemandhowit relatestotheskeletalsystemindetailwith90%accuracy. o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,andshortvideoclips,thestudentwillbe abletoidentify,describe,andgiveanexampleofeachofthethreetypesof musclesinthehumanbodywith90%accuracy. o Givenclasslecture,notes,discussion,models,andshortvideoclips,thestudent willbeabletolabelthe10majormusclesofthehumanbodywith90%accuracy. o Standard o NationalStandards ContentStandardCLifeScience:Asaresultoftheiractivitiesingrades6 8,allstudentsshoulddevelopanunderstandingof Thecell Molecularbasisofheredity Biologicalevolution Interdependenceoforganisms Matter,energy,andorganizationinlivingsystems Behavioroforganisms.

o NewYorkStateStandards Standard1:LanguageforInformationandUnderstanding. Standard1:Analysis,Inquiry,andDesign. Standard2:KnowingandUsingArtsMaterialsandResources. Standard3:LanguageforCriticalAnalysisandEvaluation. Standard4:Studentswillunderstandandapplyscientificconcepts, principles,andtheoriespertainingtothephysicalsettingandliving environmentandrecognizethehistoricaldevelopmentofideasin science. KeyIdea1 o PerformanceIndicator1.2 Materials/Resources o Materials/Resources o Pen/pencil o WeeklywarmupSheet o Muscularsystemnotes o Humanbodymodel o Themuscularsystemworksheet(homework) o UseofElectronicTechnologyinTeaching o SMARTBoardscreen,projector,andpens o TeacherComputer TeachingandLearningStrategies o Introduction o Asstudentswalkintotheclassroomtheywillpickupthenotesonthemuscular systemonthefrontdesk. MajorUnderstanding1.2a,1.2b,1.2g,1.2j

o Theclasswillbegin,asusual,withawarmupexerciseontheboard.The warmupwillread,Whataresomefunctionsofthemuscularsystem?Asthe studentswritetheanswertothewarmupontheirwarmupsheets,Iwill takeattendance.Afterafewmoments,Iwillallowforclassdiscussiontosee whatanswersstudentscomeupwith.Iwillonlyspendaminuteortwoonthe warmupbecausewehaventactuallylearnedtheanswertothequestionyet; thequestionjustservesasawaytoassessstudentspriorknowledge. o Thehomeworkisalsowrittenontheboardatthebeginningofclass.Students areexpectedtotakeouttheirplannersandwriteitdownbeforebeginningclass. Iwillverballytellthestudentstoremembertotakeouttheirplannerandwrite thattonightshomeworkisthemuscularsystemworksheetthattheywillreceive attheendofclass. o Theclasswillcontinuewithanintroductiontotheunitonthemuscularsystem. Tointroducethemuscularsystemwewillfilloutthemuscularsystemunit organizeonthefrontpageofthenotes.Iwillleadadiscussionaboutthe muscularsystemmakingsuretopointoutwhyitisimportantandwhyweneed tolearnaboutit.Iwillhelpstudentsfillouttheunitorganizerbywritinginthe answersontheSMARTboard.AsIwriteineachanswerIwillbrieflytalkabout whatwewillbelearning.Forexample,whenwefillintheboxontheunit organizerthatindicatestherearethreetypesofmusclesinthehumanbody,I willaskstudentsiftheyknowofanymusclesthatarespecialordifferentthen others.Throughouttheintroduction,Iwillaskthestudentsquestionstosee whattheyalreadyknowaboutthemuscularsystem. o Development o Theinstructionalstrategyusedinthislessonisdirectinstruction. o Iwillbeusingdirectinstructiontolecturetheclassonthemuscularsystemusing notesIcreatedthroughSMARTtechnology.Thenotescontainmanypictures, animations,andshortvideoclipstoaidinunderstandingofthetopic.The studentswillbefillinginsentencesorphrasesontheirnotepacketandthenI

willdiscussthetopic.Iwillbeusingexamples,pictures,videos,andmodels throughoutthelessontoaidinstudentunderstanding. o Thedevelopmentwillconsistofnotesonhowmuscleswork,thethreetypesof muscles,andlabelingthe10majormusclesofthehumanbody. o Iwillthehumanmodelandmybodytopointoutwherethesemusclesare located. o Thedevelopmentshouldlastthemajorityofthelesson,approximately30 minutes. o Guidedpracticeandfeedback(Checkforunderstanding) o Guidedpracticeandfeedbackwillbeincorporatedthroughoutthedevelopment ofthislessonthroughtheuseofquestioning.Byaskingstudentspredictionand assessmentquestionsIwillbegiventhemguidedpracticeaswellasfeedback whenIrespondtotheiranswer.Examplesofquestionsinclude: Whatdomusclesneedinordertowork? Doyouhavemusclesthatarealwaysworking? Dosometypesofmusclestireoutmorequicklythanothers? Nameafewexamplesofvoluntaryandinvoluntarymusclesandhowdo youknowtheyare? Doesanyoneknowwhattheneckmuscleiscalled? o Iwillhelpmystudentsunderstandthematerialbygivingconstructiveresponses totheirquestions.IwillgivespecificpraisesuchasIlikethewayyouphrased thatwhenastudentiscorrectandaskotherstudentsforhelpsuchas,does anyonewanttoaddto________sanswerwhenastudentisincorrect. o Thehomeworksheetwillalsoserveasguidedpracticeandfeedbackifthereis enoughtimeinclasstostartworkingonit. o AccommodationsandModificationsforLearnerswithSpecialNeeds o Inthislesson,studentswithspecialneedswillreceiveafilledincopyofthe worksheetsotheyhaveallthecorrectanswerswithoutrushingtocompleteit.

Thereisalsoateachersaidthatwillwalkaroundtheclass,helpasneeded,and keepstudentsfocused. o Forthosestudentswhoarehavingtroublemasteringthematerial,additional individualizedhelpwillbegivenafterclass. o Thosestudentswhohaveearlymasteryofthematerialwillbeaskedtoassist thosestudentswhomayneedadditionalhelp. o Astheteacher,Iwillbeassessingmystudentsprogressthroughoutthelesson. Indoingthis,Iwillbeabletoaccommodateneedsbyadjustingmyinstruction. Forexample,ifmystudentsunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueatafaster pace,butifmystudentsdonotunderstandthematerialIwillcontinueata slowerpace. o Closure o AsclosuretothislessonIwillprovideashortsummaryofwhatwelearnedtoday andIwillansweranyquestionstheymayhave.Iwillpassoutthehomework sheetandremindthemthatthefrontandbackofitisduetomorrow. o WithanyremainingclasstimeIwillallowstudenttostarttheirhomeworkwhileI passbackstudentpapersthathavebeengradedandrecorded. o IndependentPractice o Forindependentpractice,studentswillcompletethefrontandbackofthe muscularsystemworksheetforhomework,duetomorrowinclass.Thiswill allowstudentstimetounderstandthematerialonanindividualbasis. o MethodofEvaluation o Twotypesofformativeassessmentwillbeusedtoevaluatestudentsduringand afterthelesson. Iwillbeaskingmystudentsquestionsasaformofformativeassessment. Thiswillallowmetogagewhetherornottheclassunderstandsthe materialandcanmoveonorneedssomemorereviewbeforewe continue.Myquestionswilldirectlycorrelatetomylearninggoalsand objectivesofthelessonsothatIcanassessmystudentsprogressin

meetingthesetargets.Thesequestionswillbescatteredthroughoutthe lessonandwillbedirectedtoallstudents. Thesecondtypeofformativeassessmentwillbetocreateawarmup questionfortomorrowinordertoreviewthematerialagain.Thewarm upassignmentservesasarevieworrefresherofthecontentthatwas coveredduringthelastclass.Thewarmupfortomorrowwillbe, Explainhowthemuscularsystemandtheskeletalsystemarerelated, howdotheyworktogether.

 ClassNotes:TheMuscularSystem Musclesareorgansthatcan_______________and______________. Theycanbeeither: Voluntary:Musclesyoucan_________________________. Involuntary:Musclesyoucannot_____________________.

Therearethreetypesofmuscletissue: Skeletal:Attachto_________________toallowmovement. Tendonsareconnectivetissuesthatattach_____________tobones. Skeletalmusclesarestriatedtheyhave____________________. Skeletalmusclesare___________________(wecontrolthem).

Contractandrelaxquicklyandtireeasily. Workinpairs,asone_________________theother_________________. Forexample:tricepsandbiceps.

Smooth:Foundininternalorgans Smoothmusclesare______________________(wedontcontrolthem) TheyareNOTstriated:_______________________. Foundin_____________________________________________

Cardiac:Foundonlyinthe_____________________. Cardiacmuscleis _________________________(we dontcontrolit). Itisstriated: ___________________________. Contractsandrelaxesslowly.

LABELTHESKELETALMUSCLESBELOW.

Usethefollowing: Biceps RectusAbdominus Pectorals Quadriceps Triceps Deltoid

Gluteusmaximus

Gastrocnemus

A. __________________ B._________________ C. __________________ D._________________ E._________________ F. __________________ G._________________ H._________________ I. __________________

 Lesson4:ReviewofSkeletalandMuscularSystem Goals,Objectives,andStandards

o Goals
Thestudentwillunderstandandreviewtheunitonthehumanskeletal andmuscularsystemincludingthe5functionsoftheskeletalsystem,the functionofthemuscularsystem,thestructureofbones,the5typesof joints,labelingthe20majorbonesofthebody,andlabelingthe10major musclesofthebody. Thestudentwillunderstandandwritethecorrectanswerstothereview worksheets.

o Objectives
Givenclasslecture,notes,thehumanmodel,andtheworksheets,the studentwillbeabletocompletethereviewworksheetsaswellasthe SMARTboardactivitiesonthehumanskeletal/muscularsystemwith 90%accuracy. Standards

o NationalStandards
ContentStandardCLifeScience:Asaresultoftheiractivitiesin grades68,allstudentsshoulddevelopanunderstandingof Thecell Molecularbasisofheredity Biologicalevolution Interdependenceoforganisms Matter,energy,andorganizationinlivingsystems Behavioroforganisms.

o NewYorkStateStandards
Standard1:LanguageforInformationandUnderstanding.

Standard1:Analysis,Inquiry,andDesign. Standard2:KnowingandUsingArtsMaterialsandResources. Standard3:LanguageforCriticalAnalysisandEvaluation. Standard4:Studentswillunderstandandapplyscientific concepts,principles,andtheoriespertainingtothephysical settingandlivingenvironmentandrecognizethehistorical developmentofideasinscience. KeyIdea1 PerformanceIndicator1.2 MajorUnderstanding1.2a,1.2b,1.2g,1.2j

II. Materials/Resources

o MaterialsandResources
Skeletal/MuscularSystemNotesPacketwithWorksheets Pen/pencil SkeletalModel

o UseofElectronicTechnologyinTeaching
SMARTboardscreen,projector,andpens Teachercomputer III. TeachingandLearningStrategies

o Introduction
Theclasswillbeginwiththestudentssittingintheirseats,writingtheir homeworkandtakingouttheirskeletal/muscularsystemnotes,aswell asalltheworksheetsontheskeletalandmuscularsystem. Iwillcollectanyworkfromthosewhohavenotturneditinyet.Iwillalso remindthestudentsthattheirtestontheskeletalandmuscularsystemis tomorrow. Asanintroductiontothislesson,studentswillhaveawarmuponthe board.Thewarmupwillaskstudentstowritedownhowtheskeletal andmuscularsystemsarerelatedandhowtheyworktogether.Iwill

spendafewminutesreviewingtheanswertothewarmupandstarta classdiscussionregardingbothsystems.Thiswilldirectlyleadintoour reviewontheskeletalandmuscularsystem. Thisintroductionshouldonlytakeapproximately5minutes.

o Development
Theinstructionalstrategyusedinthislessonisdirectinstructionmixed withclassdiscussionandhandsonactivitiesattheSMARTboardforthe students. Themajorityofthislessonwillfocusonreviewingtheunitontheskeletal andmuscularsystemsforthetesttomorrow.Thisshouldtakethe remainderoftheclassperiod,approximately30minutes. Ihaveassembledrelevantworksheetsforustocompleteasaclassonthe SMARTboard.Studentswillbeabletolabeladiagramofboththe muscularandskeletalsystem. IhavecreatedSMARTboardslidestoreviewmaterialstudentslikelyneed refreshingon.Studentswillbeabletogouptotheboardandmatch definitionstopicturesorterms.Thesehandsonactivitywillallow studentstorememberinformationfortheirtesttomorrow.

o GuidedPracticeandFeedback(CheckingforUnderstanding)
TheworksheetsandSMARTboardactivitieswillserveasguidedpractice. Iwillbeabletoassesshowwellthestudentsunderstandthematerialas theycompletetheworksheetsandmatchupdefinitionstoterms.Iwill alsobeabletocheckforunderstandingasIaskstudentsquestionsand havethemanswerquestionsontheworksheets. IwillgivespecificpraisewhenstudentsanswercorrectlyandIwilltryto redirectquestionsoraskothersforhelpwhenastudentisstrugglingfor ananswer.

o AccommodationsandmodificationsforLearnerswithSpecialNeeds

 Inthislesson,studentswithspecialneedswillreceiveafilledincopyof theworksheetsotheyhaveallthecorrectanswerswithoutrushingto completeit.

o Closure
AsaclosuretothislessonIwillremindstudentsthattheirtestis tomorrowandtheyshouldcomepreparedwithproperwriting instrumentsandapositiveattitude.Iwillencouragestudentstostudy independentlybyreviewingtheirnotes,vocabulary,diagram,and worksheets.

o IndependentPractice
Forindependentpractice,thestudentswillbeexpectedtostudytheir notes,diagrams,vocabularyandworksheetsathome.

o MethodofEvaluation
Themethodofevaluationforthislessonwillbetheskeletal/muscular systemtest.Thisisasummativeassessmentdesignedtotestthe studentsunderstandingoftheentiretyofthisunit.Thetestincludes matching,multiplechoice,diagrams,andfillinanswertypequestions.

 SuggestedMethodsofEvaluation Thestudentswillbeevaluatedinvariouswaysthroughoutthisunit.Themethodof formativeassessmentisaformaltestontheskeletal/muscularsystem.Thetestwilloccurat theendoftheunit.Beforethetestaclassperiodwillbededicatedtoreviewingtheskeletal andmuscularsystemsothatstudentsarepreparedfortheirtest.Thetestwillconsistof10 multiplechoice(2pointseach),4shortanswer(8pointseach),skeletaldiagramwith20fillins (2pointseach),andamusclediagramwith9fillins(1pointeach).Pleaseseeacopyofthe attachedtest. Asecondmethodofevaluationistheculminatingprojectontheskeletalsystem. Studentswillconstructaskeletonbycolorcodingandlabelingeachboneinthehumanbody. Theprojectwillcountasaquizgrade.Iwillevaluatetheprojectsonhowwellstudents followeddirectionsandhowneatlytheycompletedtheproject. ThroughouttheunitandeachlessonIwillbeusingsummativeassessmenttoevaluate studentlearningsuchasquestioning,warmups,andoneononeattention.Byusing questioningasasummativeassessmentIwillbeabletoevaluatespecificstudents.WhileIam teachingIwillaskaquestioneveryfewminutestoengagestudentsandgetanideaoftheir understandingofthetopics.Questioningstudentswillallowmetoadjustmyinstructionas needed.IfstudentsareansweringquestionsincorrectlyIwillreviewthetopicfurtherbutif theyareansweringquestionscorrectlyIwillcontinueonwiththematerial. Iwillusewarmupsatthebeginningofeachlessonasawaytoreviewmaterialaswell asevaluatestudentlearning.Thewarmupquestionswillbeatopicthatwecoveredthelast dayofclassanditwillallowstudentstorefreshthemselvesonthematerialandsettledownin ordertostartclass.AfterIgivethestudentsafewminutestowriteananswertothewarmup, wewillgooveritasaclassandIwillaskspecificstudentsquestionsifIfeelliketheydonthave agrasponthematerial. Throughouttheunit,ifwedoindividualorbookworkIwillbeabletogivestudentsone ononeattention.Thiswillallowmetodifferentiateinstructionandtalktostudentsonan individualbasis.Iwillbeabletofullyseeiftheyunderstandthematerialbylettingthemask mequestionstheymaynotwanttoaskinfrontoftheclass.Withstudentswhohave difficultiesIwillobserveastheydoindividualworktoseeiftheyreallyareunderstandingthe materialandtheycancompletetheassignedworkwithoutassistancefromme,theclassroom aid,orotherstudents.

Name____________________________Period________Date___________________ SkeletalandMuscularSystemQuiz LifeScience7 Part1:MultipleChoice(2pointseach,20totalpoints) Directions:Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion. 1. _______Thetough,tightfittingmembranethatcoversthebonessurfaceisknownasthe a.compactboneb.periosteumc.spongyboned.cartilage 2. ______AllofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofcartilageEXCEPT: a. cartilageisarubberylayeroftissueattheendsofbones b. cartilagereducesfrictionbetweenboneswhentheyrubtogether c. cartilageconnectsmusclestobones d. damagedcartilagecausespaininjointsleadingtoarthritis 3. _______Bloodcellsareproducedinthe__________________. a.bonemarrowb.compactbonec.cartilaged.joints 4._______Theperiosteumisimportantbecauseit a. b. c. d. produceswhitebloodcellswhichhelpfightinfection containslargeopenspacesthathelpsabonebelightweight storescalciumandphosphorousforusebythebody containsbloodvesselsthatsupplynutrientstobone

5._______Atoughbandoftissuethatconnectsbonestootherbonesiscalled a.tendonb.periosteumc.ligamentd.joint 6._______Whichmuscledoesnotcontainstriations? a.skeletalb.cardiacc.smooth 7._______Thickbandsoftissuethatconnectmuscletobonesare_______________. a.tendonsb.ligamentsc.jointsd.cartilage 8.______Whichmusclesareconsideredinvoluntarymuscles? a. skeletalandcardiacmuscle b. skeletalandsmoothmuscle c. cardiacandsmoothmuscle

9._______Alossofbonedensitythatcancausebonestobreakiscalled a.osteoporosisb.scoliosisc.arthritisd.multiplesclorosis 10._______Thepurposeofcompactboneisto d. aidinrepairandgrowthofbone e. provideaplaceforcartilagetoattach Part2:ShortAnswer(8pointseach,32totalpoints) Directions:Answerthefollowingquestionsusingcompletesentences.Youwilllose2pointsoneachfor incompletesentences. 1. Theskeletalsystemhasfivemajorfunctions.Whatarethreeofthefunctions? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Therearefourtypesofmovablejoints.Nameanddescribethetypeofmovementintwoof thesejointsandgiveanexampleofwhereyouwouldfindeachofthejointsinyourbody. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Whatisthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarymuscles?Namethetwomuscle groupsintheupperarmandexplainhowtheyworktogethertoallowthearmtobend,and thenstraighten. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ c.producebloodcells d.givebonestrength

4. Whatarethethreetypesofmusclesandwherewouldyoufindeachtypeinthehumanbody? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Part3:Labelingthehumanskeleton.Usescientificnamesonly.(2pointseach,40totalpoints)

Part4:MuscleGroups:Fillinthenamesofthemusclesnexttotheirlocationinthehumanbody.Use thewordbank.(1pointseach,9totalpoints) deltoidsgastrocnemiusbicepstricepstrapezius pectoralsglutealsquadricepsabdominals 1. buttocks=____________________ 6.calf=___________________________ 2. frontofarm=_________________ 3. stomach=_____________________ 4. frontofthigh=_________________ 5. shoulder=_____________________ 7.chest=________________________ 8.backofarm=____________________ 9.neck=___________________________