Professional Documents
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Practical Knight Endings
Practical Knight Endings
Knight
Endings
GM Edmar Mednis
Practical
Knight
Endings
Grandmaster Edmar Mednis
1993
Chess Enterprises
Copyright 1993 by Edmar Medns. Al rights resered.
ISBN 0-945470-35-5
Typset: B. G. Dudley
Chess Enterprises, 107 Crosstree Road, Moon Township, PA 15108-2607
Preface
Ooc ofthc maoymarks show|o that thc |ovcotor of
chcsswasaco|us|smak|o thcB|shopaodKo|ht- two
ab|utc|yd|crcotp|ec abutcqu|va|cot|omatcr|a|va|uc.
lo mybok Practical Bihop Ending l addrc cdthc|mprtaot
pr|oc|p|csaodtccho|qucsof|ay|osamcco|oraodopos|tc
co|or B|shop cod|os. Thc |shop |s |ohcrcot|y a o|ca|,
stra|htforward p|ccc.Thcpr|oc|pIcs of B|shop cod|os arc
| ohcrcot|y |o|ca| aod stra|htforward a|so. oow|o aod
uodcntaod|othcsc pr|oc|p|cs,whco addcdto thc oot vcry
|arcoumbcrofsop|st|catcdtccho|qucsprcscotcd |othc
abvcbk|scoouhforthcpract|ca|pIaycr.
K|htcod|og|squ|tcothcr mattcr.Acvcqb|o-
ocrrca||,thcK|ht|savcrytr|cp|ccc.Morckoow|cdc
aod cffort arc rcqu|rcd to haod|c o|ht cod|os wc| | as
comparcdtoB|shopcod|os.Ofcoursc,Ko|htcod|osa|so
havc |mprtaotpr|oc|p|caodthcoccdtobmtcrcd. But
Kn|htcod|ogoccda|otmorc.As|mp||f|cdcomp|ow|th
B|shopcod|o|vcthcfo||ow|ou|c||oc thcspc|a| occd
|oB|so
co|og|sph|st|cat|oo,K|htcod|ogrcqu|rc|ots
ofcrcattv|tyaod ca|cu|at|oo.S|occthcrc |s morc tokoow|o
Kn|htcod|og,Practical Kight Ending |s,ofoccc |ty, |oocr
thaoPractical Bishop Ending.
Motofthcmatcr|a||othcb k|sbdoomywr|t|og
oocodamc|omaa|oc.Arcqu|rcd,thcmatcr|a|hbco
rcwr|ttco,cxpaodcd aod corrcctcd.Sourccs havc bcco thc
staoddooc.maaz|oc,bkaodpmoa|cootacts. Whco
appropr|atc,d|rcctcrcd|t|s|vco |othctcxt. Ofcoursc, aoy
crronrcma|omyrcpos|b|||q.lwou|dapprcc|atcyourca|||o
thcmtomyattcot|oo.
To cosurc that thc rcadcr aod thc author arc oo thc
3
sc wavc|coth rcard|o thc mcao|o of thc quct|oos aod
cxc|at|oo mks thcyarcud |othc charactcrit|oo of
movc,thcarcthcprccot|yacccptcdmcao|og.
= astroomovc
|| = avcrystroomovc,afaotast|cmovc
! = abadmovc,awcakmovc
!! = ahorr|b|cmovc,ab|uodcr
| ! = aocotcqr|s|omovc,amovcwonhyof
coos|dcrat|oo
!| = adub|ousmovc,forthcorct|ca|orpract|ca|
rcasoos
Th|s |smyf|fthb kforChc Eotcrpr|.l am happy
tob|atcdw|th th|s f|ocpub||sh|orm aod|tprc|dcot,
BobDud|cy.
EdmarMcdo|s
NcwYork,I93
4
Cntnt
Preface
3
Introduction
7
Pa 1: Material Advantage 10
Chapter 1: Knight v. Pawn 10
Chapter 2: Knight ad Paw v. Knight 16
Chapter 3: Materal Advatage AlPaws on the
SameSide
3
Section 1. Introduction 3
Section 2. Knight ad 2 Paws v Knight ad
Pawn 34
Section 3. Knight and 3 Paws v. Knight and
2Paws
51
Section 4. Knight ad 4 Paws v. Knight and
3 Paws
63
Section 5. Knight and 5 Paws v. Knight and
4 Pawns
6
Chapter 4: Materal Advatae -Pawns on Bt Sides 69
Section 1. Generl Prnciples 69
Section 2. The Strnger Side Ha a Pasd Paw
Section 3. Bt Sides Have Pas d Paw(s) 76
Section 4. The Stronger Side Ca Force
(Create) a Pas d Pawn 8
Section 5. The Stronger Side Cannot Fore
(Create) a Passed Pawn 98
Par 11: Positional Considertions 109
Chapter 5: Pasd Pawns 110
Section 1. The Role of Passd Paws - Generl
Considertions
110
Section 2. Outside Passed Paws 121
Section 3. Protected Passed Pawns 134
5
Chapter 6: Paw Stt
Section 1: Te Qeenside Paw Majort
Section 2: Charcterstic Dfciencie in
Paw Sttr
Chapter 7: The Active Kg ad Knight
Section 1: Te Active King
Section 2: The Active Knight
Section 3: The Active King and the Active
Knight
Chapter 8 Small Advatage in Knight Endings
6
14
14
151
16
16
167
170
179
Introuction
Caracteristic of the Knigt
The Kights stong point a:
(I)ltcao]umpovcrp|ccc - thus|scflcct|vc|ob|okcd
ps|t|oosorforcocra||of|ht|o.
(2) lt cao chaoc co|or rcad||y thus cao attack or
cootro|aoysquarcoothcbd.
The Kighfs weak point are:
(I)lt c oo|ytravc| ashortd|stccatat|mc thus |s
pan|cu|ar|y|ocffcct|vc|ostopp|op dpawswh|ch c far
away.
(2) Evcrymovcmust|ovo|vcootoo|yachaocofthc
co|orofsquarcthc Ko|htoccup|cs,but cach movc br|os
abutac|car|yd|ffcrcotp|t|oo thus|t|suoab|ctokccpthc
"status quo" aod |s |ocapab|c ofbr|o|o about a zuzwao
s|tuat|oo.
lo bthofthcabvcmancn,thcKn|ht|smuch |nfcr|-
ortothcB|shop.ltsd|mcu|t|c|ostopp|op cdpawoswh|ch
arc far awayw| | | bc |||ustratcd maoyt|mcs, start|o w|th
Chaptcr I . Thcsccoodwcakocssw| || bc dcmoostratcd by
mcaosofthcfo||ow|otwothcmat|ca||y|mprtaotcxp|c.
D|aram I (oothcocxpac)showsatyp|ca|zugao
ca. W|tc'sK|o|strappd |o frootofh|s pawo aodw|||oot
b ab|ctoctouta |ooa B|ack'sK|ocaorcma|oooc|thcr
c7or c8. lfwcrcp|acch|tcsKo|
htbyaB|shopofc|thcr
co| or, thc pos|t|oo |s a tr|v|a| w|o, trrcspcct|vc ofwho |s oo
movc.Yct,w|th aKo|ht,thcqucst|ooofwho |soomovc |s
cruc|a|.Thcpr|oc|p|c|sstra|htforward.
lfthcKo|htaodB|ackK|ostaodoothcsamcco|or,
thco|t|sbadtoboomovc.
7
lfthcKo|ght aod B|ackK|ostaod oo opps|tcco|ors,
thco|t|sotooomovc.
D|aram I
Thcrcforc,forthc spcc|f|ccascofD|agram I, thc fo|-
|ow|o|struc.
Wh|tcoomovcoo|ydraws,B|ackoomovc|m.
B|ackoomovc|mvcryqu|ck|y.
l. W Kc7 2 Nd4 Kc8 3 NbS (or3 Nc6) 3 WWW Kd7 4 Kb7
Wh|tcw|os.
Yct, |fWh|tc |soo movc, |tdocs oot mattcr howthc
Ko|ht]umpsouod thcrc|soow|o. Forcxamp|c.
1 Nd4 Kc7 2 NbS+ Kc8 3 Nd6+
Uofortuoatc|yfor Wh|tc, thc Ko|ht must movc aod
thus|vcupcootro|ofc7.
3 W.. Kc7 4 Nc4 Kc8 5 Nb+ Kc7 6 Nd7 Kc8! Draw.
Thcrc |s oowayforWh|tctoprorcssbccausc hc
caoootprcvcotB|ackfromshutt||obackaodfonhbtwccoc7
aodc8.Trythcabvccxcrc|.putWh|tc'sKo|htooaoy||ht
squarc aodyouw|||sccthatthcrc|soow|o,putthcKo|htoo
aoydarksquarc aodyouw|||sccthatcvcryth|ow|os.
8
!ustasfmstrat|oforthcstroocrs|dc|sthcs|tuat|ooof
D|aram 2, wh|ch |s thc cooc|us|ooof ao codamc study by
Kakov|oaodMotor.lt|sdraw|ncpct|vcofwho|soomovc.
Wh|tc'sK|okccpsB|ack'sKo|ht|ucdooc5toprotcct |ts
awo,wh||cB|ack'sK|o|s occdtoprotcct |tsKo|ht. W|th
|acktomovc,thcbttrywou|db.
D|ag2
WWW KdS
Aftcr I...Kc6,2Kc4!! |maftcr2... Na6,yct thcact|vc
2Ka5| ho|dc||y.
2 KS Kd4 3 Kb!
Kccps thc draw |o haod. Butp|casc ootc that |fthc
|mmob||cKo|htooc5 |srcp|accdbyaB|sho
P
oo c|thcrthc
dI=a4ora4c8d|aooa|,thco B|ackw|oscast|ycvcothouh
hchthcwrooB|shopforh|sapawo.
3 WW Kd3 Ooc|ttact|ca|try.
4 Kc Kc S KdS!
ThcK|omustbc|opos|t|ootorcachc2asu|ck|yas
|b|c.Thcrcorc|o|o|sthcoffs|dc5Kb5!!.5... K 6Kc5
7Kc4Kb2dB|ackw|os.
5 WWKb3 6 Kd4 Kxa3 7 Kc3! Ka2 8 Kc2 a3 9 Kcl
Draw.
9
Par I
Material Advantage
Chapter 1: Kigt vs. Paw
Exccptforoocs|tuat|oo, |t|soo|ythcs|dcw|th thc
pawo that has w|oo|ochaoccs.Thccxccpt|oo |swhcrcthc
|o|shcmmcd|oby|sowo Roothc2odor7thraok.Th|s
thcmat|ccasc |s | ||ustratcd |o D|aram 3,whco Wh|tc hasa
matc|otwo.
D|ar3
1 Ng4! h 2 NB matc.
Th|sthcmc |sudpr|o|ca||ya thccooc|ud|omot|f
|ocodamcstud|c.luparcc|opract|ca|amc|srarc.lf
|tw|||ocuroocctoyou,tat|sa|ot|
Exccptforthcabvc"forccdsu|c|dc',thcpawcoo|y
b aps|t|vcfactor. Obv|ous|y,whcrcthcofcod|oK|o|s|o
frootofthcpawo,thcp|t|oo|satr|v|a|draw.lfthcdcfcod|o
K|ocaoootct |o frootofthcpawothcKo|htshou|dd.
Thcothcfo||ow|opr|oc|p|cho
A Knight imediately in font of the passe paw cn
bitself stop the pawn, ecept for the R on te 7th rn
Thc usua| casc |sshowo |o D|aram 4. lt|sdrawo oo
mattcrwhomovcs.For|ostaoccw|th|acktomovchccvco
IO
hasthcfo||ow|othcmat|cc|caotdraw.
D|ar4
l. .. Nd7+ 2 Kc7 NcS! 3 b8=Q Na6+ 4 Kb7 Nxb8
Draw.
Ofcoursc, thcrc |soorcasooforB|acktooforsuch
faocystuff|othccxamp|cabvc.Yctthatdraw|omot|f|sa
vcry |mportaotooc aod oftco |sthcoo|yway tocopcw|th a
passcdpawooothc7thraok.
Bccauscth|sK|htfork|sootp |b|caa|ostaRoo
thc 7th raok, thc Ko|ht by |tsc|f|oscs. lfwc oow |ook at
D|aam 5,wccthatthcrc |soodcfcosc.Wh|tcthrcatcos1
Kb,trapp|oaodw|oo|othcKo|ht.B|ackoomovccaotry.
D|aram5
l. .. Nc7+ 2 Kb7 N,butthcrc|sooKo|htforkaftcr3
11
a8=Q dB|ack|m.
Th|s |s our f|rst dcmonstrat|on ofthc vcry |mportaot
pr|nc|p|cthatte R is te most di fcult passed paw for te
Kigt to stop.
Whcn faccd w|th pos|t|onswhcrc thc Kn|ht |s away
from thcpawo, |.c. |o thcbackof|toroothcs|cof|t, thc
qucst|oo ccomcswhcthcr thc Kn|htcanct |ofront of |t.
Thcrc|sncvcras|mp|cswcr.Maoy|bcKn|htmcu-
vcrsmustbccons|dcrcdtodctcrm|nc |fthcrc|sasucccssfu|
routcbackforthcKn|ht.lt|s|cssqucst|onofthcorct|ca|
kow|cdcoraashofr||||ccdmorcofhard,rurcc-
fu| aoa|y|s.Coos|dcrf|nt D|aram 6 wh|ch |s thc cod of a
I938 cndamcstudybyN. Or|or|cv. B|ack thrcatcos I..Kc5,
chas|nthcKn|htawayandthcnqucco|nh|spawn.Thcrc |s
ascr|cofKo|ht]umps,howcvcr,wh|ch|cadtothcopprtun|-
qforWh|tctouthctcchn|qucshownfrom D|aram4.Thus
Wh|tcf|ntofa||mustbf|l|arw|ththattcchn|qucandthcn
workvcryhardtoscchowthcKo|htcou|dctbacksoasto
ut|||u|t.Thcdraw|omctho|s.
D|aram6
1 Nc7+ Kc4
Wh|tchas|t cas|craftcrothcrK|omovcs. I. ..Kd4 2
K2b3 3 Nb5+ fo||owcdby4Na3or I. ..Kc6 2Nc6Kb5 3
Nd4+ Kc4 4Nc6|b3 5Na5+.
2 Ne8!!
I2
Thcon|movc. Wh|tcp|anstoct thcKo|tbackv|a
thcroutcd6c4d2. lfB|acktr|ctostopth|s,
h|tc hthc
aux|||aryroutcc7b5a3.
2 WWW Kc
Or2... b3 3Nd6+ Kb4(3... Kd 4Nb5b2 5Na)4Nc4
b2 5 Nd2.
3 Nf6 Kd4 4 Ne8! KeS
lf4... b3 5Nd6Kc3,thcKn|htctsbackasfo||ows.6
Nc4+|Kc2 7Nd6|b2 8Nc4|bI=Q 9Na3+ andIONxbI.
5 Nc7 Kd6! 6 Ne8+!
On|y.Thc Ko|htnccdto rcta|n mob|||ty. Los|n |s
6 Nb5+! Kc5whcnwc havcourstart|npo|ntw|th B| ack
hav|na|rcadyottcn |n...Kc5.B|ackthcnw|nscas||y.7Nc7
b3 8Nc6+ Kc4ctc.AftcrthctcxtB|ackhasnoth|nbcttcr
thtoacqu|ectooncofthcthcmat|cdraw|n||nc.
6 oooKcS 7 Nf6 Kd4 8 Ne8! b3 9 Nd6 Kc3 10 Ne4+!
Kc 11 Nd6! b2 12 Nc4 b1 =Q 13 Na+ Draw.
Ear||cr |t wasdcmonstratcdwhythcRP |s thcmost
d|ff|cu|tonc forthc Kn|ht tostop. Yct |fthcpawn |s far
cnouh awayfrom quccn|n, thcrc arc |nstanccswhcnthc
Kn|htcctback|nt|mc.Anccxamp|cofth|s|sfrom
D|@am7
I3
D| aram 7, a I932 study by N. Or|or|cv. Do not bothcr
memorzing thcspcc|f|csasthcyarcnotthat|mportantfor
futurcc. What |s |mprtant |sto rca||uthatthcKn|ht|s
vcrya||c.Thatapprcc|at|onp|usa|otofhardwork|sthcroad
tosucccssford|scovcr|n
4|sthc
on|ysquarcwonhf|ht|nfor.Wh|tc'schanccofcttmto4
arc a|otbttcrfrom bthanfrom corcI. Thcrcforc,on|ytc
tcxt|sworthtry|n.
l WhS 2 Nc
Aswasa|rcadysccnbythc p|ayfrom D|a
ram 6, thc
Kn|ht hasacccsstomorcroutcswhcn|tsstartmpo|nt |s
farthcrfromthcK|n.W|thoutpropctsarc2Nd+!,K|or
2 Nc2+ K| .
2 WW Ke4!
ToprcvcntthcK|htfrom rcach|nc. Aftcr2 ... h4 3
Nc5Wh|tca|rcady|ssafc.
3 Na! !
Th|saradox|ca| |onrctrcat ut|||thc samctcch-
n|quc|nthcprcv|ouscxampcwhcrcthcfarawayc8squarc
wthcstart|np|ntforthcsuccc fu|roadback.
Thc |o|cbch|ndthccorrcctncss ofthc tcxt |s as fo|-
|ows.thckcywaypostsforthcK|hts's rctumarc thcsquarc
c5, C andd2. Wh|chsquarc |sthc spr|nboard for rcach|n
thcm!Thcanswcr,ofcoum,|sc4andthat|swhatthcKn|ht
hcadsfor.
L|n|s3Nd8!h4 4NoK5| 5Nd4+ K4whcnthc
K|ht'srctumhbcnb|okcdo0.
I4
3 h4
B|ackm|ta wc| |pushs|occ3... Kd4d3... Kd |cad
nowhcrcaftcr4
c6+),w||c3...Kda||ow4Nb3h4 5Nd2.
4 Nc4
Byoow|tshou|dbc|cthatoo|yth|scaoworks|occ4
Nb3!Kc||cavcthcKo|htshutoff.
4 K
Thc Ko|htctsback |mmcd|atc|yaftcr4...h3. 5 Nd2+
fo||owcdby6NfI aod7Nh2.
S Ne+!
Butoowthcrc |soott|mcfor 5 Nd2+!bcausc aftcr
5. .. Kc2| 6Nc4h3 7N3+ Kf2thcKo|htc|thcrctschascd
awayor|strappdooh.
WhatWh|tcmustkccp |o m|odthrouhout|sthatthc
K|ht|s|otcrctcd|octt|otoh2 thcuarc |ofnt ofthc
pawo.
S
6 Nc4!
Backaa|o,foraocwstcpforward|
6 Wh3 7 Ne h
lf7...K,8NfI,|f7.NK, 3N4+.
8 Nf + K 9 Nx Draw.
I5
Chapter 2
Knigt and Paw vs. Knight
Thcmotbas|cofa|| Ko|htcod|og|sthatofK|ht +
pawov. Ko|ht.Much|skowabut|taodthcrcforcthckcy
[
r|oc|p|ccaobstatcdw|thgcatcoof|oocc.lw|||bd|uus-
m
ht
outoff6,thcrcforc,thcKo|hthcadfortouodcmoc
thcB|ackKo|ht'sp|t|ooood7.
4 ... KdS S Nf Ne!
B| ackprcvcotsthc | mmcd|atc cod bccausc ofthc
thcmat|ctr|c 6 b8=Q!!Nc6+. Yct thc |ocv|tab|c |s]ust
dc|aycdbyab|t.
6 Ka8! Nc 7 Nd7!
ThcKo|htoowproccdstochawayB|ack'sKo|ht
fromc6aodthatw|||bthccodbcauscw|thWh|tc's K|ooo
a8B|ackw|||havcoomorcopprtuo|t|cforaKo|htfork.
7 ... Kd6 8 N
Wh|tc'sKo|htcaomcoaccB|ack'sfrom,for|ostaocc,
a5,b4or c5. Thcrc|soowaythatB|ack'sK|ocaouarda||
thcsquarcs|mu|taocous|y.
8 W Kc7 9 NdS+!
Aftcr9Nc4Nb8B|ack|ssafc forthc momcot,thouh,
ofcoursc,Wh|tcst|||w|ossooocoouhbyrctrac|oh|sstcps
I7
w|th IONb|.
9.- Kd7 10 Nb Wh|tcw|os
A g|ca| cxamp|cfrom toumamcotp|a |s D|aram 9,
T.Wc|obrcr P.Oto]|c,I975C|cvc|aodotcmat|ooa|aftcr
B|ack's7Istmovc.BccauscB|ackw|||
cth|scpawotoc2 |o
safcty,hc|ssurctow|o. Thcamccootmucd.
D|agam9
72 K4
Wh|tcavo|d72K bcauhcwts to |cavcopo t
forh|sKo|ht. Aftcr72K, B|ackw|osa fo||ow. 72... Nd7|
(prcvcot|o73Nc5+)73Nb4+ Kd2 74Nc2 Nc5+ 75Kc4
c2.
72 WWO 73 Ne +
Thcamcwasad]ourocdhcrcw|th Wh|tcsca||oth|s
movc. Hcrc|ocdw|thoutrcum|op|ay. Thcrcao.
73 ... Kc!
lt |suscfu| to choosc a K|o routc wh|ch avo|dsboth
chccksaodcvcotua|Ko|htforks.
74 Nt Kdl
Th|sformat|oo |s cqu|va|cotto thatof thcprcv|ous
I8
cxamp|cwhcoB|ack'sK|hthada|rcadybcodr|vcotod.
75
Or75KcN4+ 76Kd4Nh2|.
7S WWNe+ 76 K Nd B|ackw|os
Thcstrcoghofapawooothc7thraok |sgcatthat
oftco |tw|oscvco|fthco
ocota|hapawo.A |ostruc-
turccxamp|c|sshowo|oag IO,aocodamcstudybthc
Arcot|occompr!. Muopub||shcd |o!AQUE |o 972.
Thc
}
|oo|otccho|qucuthcpr|oc|p|cdcmoostratcd|othc
prcvtoustwocxpc.
D|agamIO
1 K!
cad|oforthcact|vc|ocat|oooo D aftcrwh|ch thc
dccct|ooofBacksK|htw|||start.
1 WK
Rctrcat|othcK|o|soo hc|p at a|| as |tcvcocts|o
thcwayofh|sKo|ht. Thcfo||ow|ov|at|oo |s|||ustrat|vcof
that. I...Kd62 (3 Nc8+ |sthcthrcat) 2...Kc53Nc6| Nb5
4Kf8Nd6 5Nd8| (6ND+ |sthcthrcat)5... Kf6 6Nb7(or6
ND).Wh|tchdccctcdthcKo|htaodquccosh|spawo.
2K!
I9
Prcmaturc is 2 Nc6! siocc aftcr2... Nc8 3 KI7 Nd6+
B| ack has aiocdsufficicot timc to advaocc his pawo aod
obtaiosathcorctica||ydrawoQ +Nv. Qcodamc.4KC 5
Nd8c46Nb7c3|ctc.
2 WWWc5 3 Ne6 NbS 4 Ke8!
ThcKiohcads to d7 tochasc away B| ack'sKoiht
fromd6.Atcr Kf8! Nd6 B|ackdrawsasivco iothc ootc
aftcrWhitc's2odmovc.
4 ... Nd6+
Aftcr4... c4 Whitc quccosfirst aodthco stosB|ack's
pawo. 5 Kd7 c3 6 c8 =Qc2 7 Qc8| Nc3 8 Qc+ Kb3 9
Nd4+.
5 Kd7 Ne4 6 Nc7 Nf+
lf6. . . c4,7Nd5+ fo||owcdby8c8=Qwios,if6... Kc4,
thco7Kc6isthccod.
7 Ke6 Nb5
A|astasp .8c8=Q!!N7+.
8 Kt! Whitcwios
Whitc'sKiocomp|ctchisiostructivcricofmaocu
vcrsbyrcturoiotoI7.AftcrhaviocauscdB|ack'sKoihtto
ivcupcootro|ofthcquccoiosquarc.
Bccausc ofthcrcatdifficu|ticsthcKoihthasio
copiowith thcR, thc ocxt thrcc priocip|csdcawith that
imprtaotpaw.
(2) Te R on te 6t rank usually wns
Ooccthc RP has rcachcdthc 6th raokiosafcty, thc
amciswooiothcvastma]oriqofc. Acxcc||cotpracti-
ca|cxamp|cisthcp|ayfromDiaram I I (oothcocxtpac),H.
Pf|ccr B.Larsco,Maoi|aI974,aftcrWhitc's58thmovc. Thc
2
mutua|hfawosbthaddarca| ||fcc|cmcota wc||a prcvcot
thc tr|v|a so|ut|ooof58. . . Nb4 fo||owcd by59...Nxa6 aod a
draw.
Asfar as ourthcmc |s cooccrocd,Wh|tc'sapawo |s
a|rcadyoothc6thraokaodw|||bccomcapasscdpawo aftcr
thc|mm|ocotK7.Wh|tcwooa fo||ows.
D|ar I I
58 WW g
Act|vat|othcK|oa toc||m|oatcWh|tc'shpawo.
Obv|ous|yB|ackmustdmcth|oa othcm| Wh|tc
w|||]ust obb|c upB|ack's apawo aodthcopromotc h|sowo.
Thc attcmpt to sacr|f|cc thcKo|htforthc apawo fa||sbc-
causc oftc fo| |ow|o var|at|oo. 58. . . Nb4 5 Nf3| Kf5 6O
Nxh4+ Kf4 6IN2+|3 62h4.
59 Nt+ Kf4 MNx4 Kg 61 Ng! K3
Aftcr6I. .. KQ2 62h4oocofthcrokpawsw|||qucco.
B|ackactua||yrc|ocdaftcrWh|tc's6Istmovca hcapparcot-
|yd|dootwaottobshowothcprcttyw|oaftcr...
62 Nf4+!!
Draw|oawayB|ack'sKo|ht]ust|oocoouhfromthc
apawo.
2I
62 ... Nx4 6 Kxa7 Nd3
Or6... Nd5 6Kb7,or6... No 6Kb.
6 K! N a7 Wh|tcw|os
(3) A drw against the R on the 6th rn is pssible only in a
ver fe favorable ("luck) situations, and only if the defend
ing Kng cn attack the paw fom the rer.
As a|rcadysucstcd | othc prcv|ous pr|oc|p|c, thc
draw|ochcc|opract|cccvcryp r.Tohavcaoychaocc
ata||,thcdcfcod|oK|omustbcact|vc|y
[
|accd,|.c.b at-
tack|o thc pawo from thc rcar. A thcorcttca| cxamp|cofa
draw|s D| aram I2, aocodamcstudybyR|chard Rct| |o
I929. lt|sdrawo |ncpct|vcofwho|soomovc. B|ack's K|o
aod Ko|ht havc |dca| dcfcos|vc |oat|ooswhcrcas Wh|tc |s
haod|cappcd by hav|o
[
h|s o|ht awkard|y p|accd oo c7.
(AoothcrstudybyRctt|oI929hasdcmoostratcdthatWh|tc
w|os|fh|s|ht|sooc.)B|ackoo movcdrawst|ow|th
l. ..Nf7| - wh|cw|||bcoccur|o|oourma|o||ocoothcth|rd
movc. Thcma|o||ocw|thWh|tctomovc|sfo||ows.
D|ar I2
1 K N! 2 Kb7 Nd6+
Ofcoum,B|ack|o|mmcd|atc|yafmr2 .MM Nxc7!!3a7
3 Ka7
22
Bytr| aou|at|ow|th h|s K|o, Wh|tc has|vco thc
movctoB|ackrom ourstart|opos|t|oo.Thcrcforc,B|ack's
Ko|htmust|vcup|tsact|vc|ocat|oo,butbyaocyc|ashthc
draw|sst|||ach|cva|c
3 ... Nf! 4 Ne6
A|m|ofor c5.Atcr aK|o movc B|ackdraww|th4...
Nd8( +).
4 WWW Kb5!
Wh|tc's Ko|ht mustbkcpt away from C. Thcrcforc,
|os|o
6Kd7(Aftcr8... Nc7WhitckccpsB|ack'sKoihtpassivc
24
by9Nf4| .)9 h5Kc7 IO h6 (Thc Roothc6th raokaodthc
dcfcodcrpass|vc |sao assurcdw|o.) IO...Nd6(Atcr IO...Nf6
Wh|tcw|osw|th I I Nf4Nd7 I2K7Nf6 I3 Nd5+| .) I I h7
Nf I2K7Nh8| I3N|(ButootI3Kxh8!!Kf| | aodB|ack
draws sccD| aram I3. . . Nf I4Nc4Nh8 I5 Nd6| | aod
Wh|tcw|os.
1 WW Kc 5 NMNh5+|
Ovcr|okcdbyWh|tcwhcohcp|aycd4Nc5+!.B|ack's
Ko|hta|osastab|c attack|o |oat|oo aod |tw|||cot Wh|tc
va|uab|ct|mctochc|taway.
Ofcoum,5... Nxd!!wou|d havc]ust|f|cdWh|tc's p|ay
s|occtcr6h4thcpawo |suostoppab|c.
6Y6 Ng3
omparcdtothcw|oo|ovar|at|oo|vco uodcrWh|tc's
4th movc, |ack'sKo|hthas a |ot morcscopc oowaod thc
p|t|oo|sathcorct|ca|draw.
7 NDKd6 8 N|
Thcoo|ywaytochascawayB|ack'sKo|ht,yctWh|tc|s
forccd to |osc prcc|ous t|mc aod th|s a||ows B|ack's K|oto
comcc|ocr.Ocoum,Wh|tc'sK|htrcma|osp|ocd.
8 WWW NO 9 K
Both9Kf5(9... Kc7)aod9K5(9. Kc6) a||owB|ack's
K|otoctc|oscrtothcpawo. YctaftcrB|ack'srcspooscto
thc tcxtwcscc c|car|ythcchaoc |o thc pos|t|oo. Wh|tc's
awo|sst|||oothc4thraokwh||cB|ack'sK|ohasprogd
romb7tod6.
9 WWWN|1 10 Ng3Kd7
B|ack'sK|otr|cstocttothcK|os|dcv|ac8,0ctc.
A|sodraw|o aopcrhapsmorcs|mp|yso |s IO . . . Nd5+ I I
K5 (I I KO Nf4 INc2| sthcamccoursc.) I I . . .Kc7 I2h5
K I3h6Nc7 I4Nh5K8|dB|ack|ssafc.
D|aram I4
11 K
Harm|c . Wh|tcshou|dhavccha||cncd B|ack w|th I I
Nc2|whco I I ...Nxc2!! |oscto I2h5aod I I...Nh5+!! |oto
I2 K6. Thcrcforc,B|ack mustp|ayI I ... Nd5+ I2K Nc3 I3
h5N4|.Hcst|||drawbcauWh|tccannotct h|sawn to
thc6th rankwh||cprcvcnt|nB|ack'sK|nfromrcac|n8.
Oncp|b|cqucocc|sI4N3Nc5+ I5K6 N4+ I65
Nc5 I7Kf5 Nf7 I8Kf6 Kc8 I9 K7 Kc7 (Avcrbakh) aod
B|ackho|dbcauscWh|tccannotadvancch|spawn.
ll WW Kd6! 12 Ne2
Thcrc|soow|n,butnowB|ackdraw|ostaotaocous|y.
12 WWWNxc2
Thcamcwasca||cdadrawhcrc.Thc furthcrcoursc
cou|dhavcbcn...
13 hS Nf4 14 h6 Nc Draw
Bccau Wh|tc'sK|o|sonO,B|ack drawss|occ I5h7
a||ow I5... N5+. lncocra,aK + Ncomb|nat|oncan stop a
R onthc6thrank, c.. I5 Kf6Nf8 I6KONc6 I7 K85
ctc.
2
(S) Other pawns on the 6th rank usually draw, if the defending
King is actively placed in te back of the paw.
An cxcc||cnt cxamp|c ofrcat pract|ca| va|uc |s
shown |nD|aram I5. lt|sdrawn nomattcrwho|son movc.
For|nstancc,w|thWh|tctomovc.
D|@ I5
1 Nd6
Ic7fa||sto! ...Nd5 2c8=QNf6+.
l ... NdS 2 Nc4 Ke4 3 Kd6 Kd4!
W|th B|ack'sK|nact|vctothcrcarofthcpawn, |tcan
hc|p|tsKn|htkccpthccxcc| |cnt post on d5. n add|t|on,
bccauscthcpawn |son|yonthc6th rank,var|ousKn|htdc
f|cct|onsacr|f|cfa||,c..4NcNxc 5c7Nf5+.
4 Na3 Ke4 S N Ne! 6 Kd7
B|ack now nccds to show somc carc. Thus 6... Nd5!!
|o to7Nc+| Nxc 8c7s|nccthcpawquccnsw|thchcck,
6...Nf5!!a||ows7Nd6+. ThcrcforcB ackp|ay
6 ... Kf4! Drawn
Wc'rcbacktoourstan|np|t|on|
W|nsarc usua||yon|ypss|b|c |fmc spcc|a| factor(s)
27
a| |ow thc stroncrs|dc to ach|cvcbyforcc avcry favorab|c
p|t|on.Suchac|s|||ustratcdfrom D|@am I6,E.Pao|| -
M. Kovacs, unary I97I. B|ack on movc. At thc momcnt
Wh|tc'sK|nanKn|hthavccxcc||cntdcfcns|vc |oat|ons,
yctB|ack,bysacr|f|c|noncofh|spawnsw|||bab|ctom|s-
p|accWh|tc'sforcc.B|ackwona fo||ows.
D|ar I6
1WWW Ke 2 Nt
Aftcr thc pass|vc rctrcat2 Kh3, B|ack w|ns rout|nc|y
w|th2... f.
2 h3! ! 3 Nh
Wh|tc |sforccdtodcact|vatcthcKn|ht. Thc hpawn
w|||bwon,butthcamc|ost.
3 K! 4 Kh3
Aftcr4Nf3B|ackw|nsbythcthcmat|cKn|htdccc-
t|onsacr|f|cc4... Nh4| | .
4 WWW Ne!
Wh|tc'sKn|htnowcannotmovc.
S K4 K 6 KS K3! Wh|tcrc|s
BccauscofzzanWh|tc |othcKn|ht.
2
Twoadd|t|ona|pr|nc|p|cshou|da|waybkcpt|nm|nd
whcn dcc|d|nto cntcrorp|ayaN + P v. Ncndamc.Thc
arc.
(6) After the RP, the most diffcult pawn for the Knight to
handle is the NP.
Thcb- and pawns arc a|soc|osc tothc cdc ofthc
bardandthcrcforctcndtocrampthcKn|ht'sact|v|ty.
(7) Te defending King should always bin position to bable
to attack the pawn fom the rear. This is a much suprior lo
tion for the King than to bto the side of the paw.
29
Chapter 3
Material Advantage - All Paw on the Same Side
Setion 1: Introuction
Thc cocra| cxchao|opr|oc|p|ca| app|yto Ko|ht
codamc.
Thcs|dcupmatcr|a|waotstocxchcK|hts.
Thc s|dc dowo matcr|a| waots to ach|cvc routine
cxchaocofpawos.
!ustas|t|s
cocra||ytruc|oothcrcodamcs,sotoo|o
Ko|htcodamcstt|s| othc|otcrcstofthcdcfcodcrtohavc
pawosoo|yoooocs|o.Th|sm|o|m|thcarcathatmustb
dcfcodcd aod thus s|o|f|caot|y |ocrcascs thc chaoccs for a
draw.
Thcfo| |ow|o thrcc pr|oc|p|cs arc morc spcc|f|c to
Ko|htcodamc.
(1) Under normal conditions a two pawn advantage is a sure
win.
A ty|ca| pos|t|oo from a pract|ca| amc |s showo |o
D|aram I7.
D|ar I7
3O
Thc w|nn|ntcchn|quccons|stsoff|rstcrcat|nconncctcd
passcd pawosandthcncarcfu||yadvanc|othcm. W|thWh|tc
onmovc,amoc|coot|nuat|oo|s.
I Ke4 Nd7 2 f4 Nc + 3 K Nd3 4 t g!
Thcbcstdcfcosc.Aftcr 4. . . xf5!| 5 Nxf5 Wh|tc's
cooncctcd passcd pawns arc sccurc, souod aodrcady tobc
mob|||zcd,mak|nthcw|nrc|at|vc|ycasyto ach|cvc.Howcvcr,
aftcrthctcxtth|ngarcnotobv|ousbcauaftcr5hQ5 +!|
k5B|ack's K|n hsuccc fu||yb|okadcd thc pawn and
Wh|tcw|||havctoworkvcryhardto makc h|spawnsmob||c
a
amccaoprocccdon|y
5O movcs bcforc c|thcr s|dc can c|atm a draw. Hcrc that
37
momcot|saftcrmovcI I3.
63 ..Ke 6 Nd7 + Ke Nc + K 6 K!
B|ackhaschascdawaythcKo|ht, but oowWh|tc's
K|ocua|oat|oooocraokfomard.
6 M Ne6 67 Nd3
Wh|tccao cotcradrawo K&Pcodamcaftcr67Nxc6
Kxc6 b Kc2| whco Wh|tc ctab||shc thc d|staot opps|t|oo.
Th|s|ssuff|c|cottodrawbccauscthcprcscoccofthchpawo
mbB|ackofthcusua|w|oo|oopprtuo|t|c.
67 ... Nf4 6 Nt Ng6 69 Ke Ne7 70 Nl!
Ao cxcc| |cot dcfcos|vc maocuvcr,wh|ch kccps rcap-
pcar|o. Wh|tc ' ' thrcatcos'' aN3 attack|o B|ack's hpawo,
wh||ca|sob|orcadytorctumtoQtoprotccth|sowopawo.
Thcrc|soowayforB|acktobrcakth|sp|ao.
70 W Ke 71 Nt
D|@2
Aa|o,]usta oomovc67(aod|atcroomovc79)Wh|tc
caocotcradrawoK&Pcodgctcr7INgNf5+ 72Nx5
Kx5 73K. loa|||ostaocc
Stcaodcc||octhcs|mp||f|ca
t|oo.Fromapract|ca|staodpo|otth|s|swc||]ust|f|cd.ccao
bsurcthattcKo|htcodamc|sathcorct|ca|draw. Yctthc
K &P codamc |sc|thcr athcorct|ca|draworathcorct|ca|
38
|os. lfyoukoowforsurc,ofor|t.Butdootuc |Awroo
uc mcaostum|oadrawoKo|htcodamc|otoa|otK&
codamc,whcrcasacorrcctuc ]ust spcds up thc ach|cvc-
mcotofadraw. lt |s |mpnantto rca||u thatthccx|stcoccof
thc ava||ab|cdraw |o tc K & Pcodamc |sspcc|f|c for thc
pawo format|oo dthcK|o|oat|oos. loothcrwords, Wh|tc
caoach|cvcc|thcrthcoormaord|staotopps|t|oosthcyarc
rcqu|rcd.
71 WWNf+ 72 K Nd4+ 73 Ke Nc2+ 79 K K 75 N1!
Ne1 + 76 Ke2 Ng 77 K Nh4+ 78 Ke Kg6 79 Nt
Coot|ou| ow|th thctr|cdaod truc.Aa|o 79N3 |s
p|ayab|c whco 79... Nf5+ 8O Nx5 K5 8I Kf3 |sthc samc
drawops|t|oo|vcoabvc aod79...N2+ 8K Nf4 a||ows
thcdraw|o8Ih4| .
79 WNg+ WK Ne1 + 81 Ke2 Nc2 8 K K 8 N1!
Wchavcthcsamcps|t|ooasaftcr Wh|tc's7Oth movc,
cxccpt that B|ack'sKo|ht |soo c2 rathcr thao c7. Th|s|sof
||tt|c |mportaocc.Whatmattcrs|sthatWh|tc'sKo|htknows
thcr|htmcuvcr.NhI | w|ththc|dcasNDorN3.
8 WW Nd4+ KeJ Ne6 8 K Nc &Nt
Hcrctos|mp|crcms86N3+ K6 87NhI.
&W Nd7 8Nd1!
Hcrc a b|t ofa chaoc ofp|ans |s adv|sab|c.Aftcr87
NhI!| Nc5+ 88KD(88Kc3!| Nc4+ 89KO!Nd2+ W Kc3
Nc4) 88. . . Kf4 89 N3 Nd3+ 9O K2 h4 Wh|tc has bcco
pushcd back|oto a vcrypass|vcaoduoattract|vc pos|t|oo.
Uo|c rcqu|rcd,thcrc|s]ustoosco|occd|omuchspacc
tothccocmy.
87 WNe+ 8 Ke Nc4+ 89 K KeS 9 Nt! Kd4
B|ackqu|tc |o
|ca||yattcmptstopcoctratcw|th thc
K|o.Ncvcrthc|css,wtththchc|poftact|cs, Wh|tc|sab|cto
kccpB|ackout.Notca|how|mpnaot|t|sforB|acktokccp
39
h|shpawo ooh5 a othcrw|sc Wh|tcpoctratcw|th h|sK|o
aftcr4.
91 K3! NeS
Thc|mmcd|atc9I...Kca||owbth92h44 93NQ4+
aod92N4+| hx4(othcm|93Nf6) 93K4 |ocach ca
a||ofB|ack'spawosw|||booc.
9 Nd1 Kd3 93 Nf+ Ke3 94 Nd1 + Kd3 95 Nf+ Kd4
A uowtcdrctrcat,yctthcact|vc95...Kc2|sfo||cdby
9h4|4 97Nx4| | Nx4 (97... 4 98h5) 98K4Nf6 9K5
K I0Kx6K4 IOIc5Kh4 IO2Kf4,w|thadraw.
96 Nd1 ND3 97 K Ne1 + 98 Kf ND3+ 99 K KeS 100
Ke3 Nf4 101 Nf Nd+ 102 K
D|aram24
Wc arcprcttymuchbackto thc pos|t|oosccoth|rty
movccar||cr|
102 ... Nf 103 Ke3 K 104 K Nd 105 Nh1! Ke Draw.
OffcrcdbyB|ackwhof| oa||ydcc|dcsto|vc up thc
host. Wh|tcwou|dhavc p|aycd IO6N3| wh|ch forccs thc
uodcs|rab|c IO6... h4whcoB| ack'sw|oo|ochaoccsarcscaot
aftcr IO7Nc4Kf5 IO8Nd6+ ctc.B|ackcaoootkccp h|spawo
format|oowho|cw|th IO6... Nf6 (or IO6... Nf4) bccauscofIO7
Nxh5|Nxh5 IO8K4.
4
A|oagcadamc!Yc,dc||a|tc|y.botpart|cu|ar|y|atcr-
cst|ag!Qu|tcproab|yso.O|pract|ca|va|uc!Vcrymuchso!
Aadthat'swhatth|sb k|sabut!
1ocaab|cthcstroagcrs|dctow|aw|ththco|pawa
coa||gurat|oasshowa |a D|a
thcmotaoooy|o
[
awofora
o|httostop),ccotra||udacttvcK|oaodccotra|tud act|vc
Ko|ht. Oothcothcrs|dc,B| ack'sK|o |s pass|vc aod h|s
Ko|ht|scvco morcso.Thcrcforc,|tshou|dcomc as oosur-
pr|scthatWh|tchasaforccdw|o.
6 Nf4!
Frccsd5forWh|tc'sK|o,wh||ctak|oawayc6from
B|ack'sK|o.
6 WWNe8
43
Hop|otobr|othcKo|ht|otothcamc. Bccausc of
B|ack'sp|vc p|cccp|accmcot,cr|f|c|othc fpawo to sp||t
Wh|tc'spawosbr|ogoorc||cf. 6...f5+ 6Kf6 NNd5+
K5 (66... KO 67h6ctc.) 67f6Nc8 68Kc
| aod Wh|tcw|os
(aoa|y|sbyOMPadcvs[).
65 KdS! Nc7 + 6 Kc! Na6
l osuff|c|cot, but 66. . . Nc8 a| |ows 67 Kd7 whco both
67... N7aod67M..K |otobh6,wh||c67.. .f5 |sfo||cdbyb
5.
67 Nd! !
lmpr|soo|oB|ack's Ko|ht aod thrcatco|o to capturc
|tw|th b Kb7. Thcrc |soohopc |o67...Nb8+!| Kc7Na6+
69Kb7s|occWh|tcw|osrout|oc|yaftcr69...K7 7OKxa6 Kh6
7I Nf4 K5 72 Nc6+. B|ackthcrcforc a|ms for |mmcd|atc
couotcrp|ay,sctt|oa|aph|st|catcdtrap.
67 WWK7!? 6 Kd6!!
Hcad|oforthcK|os|dc|soowrcqu|rcd.Thcrc|soo
t|mcforb Kb7! Kh6 69 Kxa6bcauaftcr 69.. .f5| | 7O 5
Kxh5Wh|tccaoootsavc h|srcma|o|opawo.
6 WWW K
Orb...Kh6 69 Kc7K5 7ONQf5 7I Nh3+ K4 72
h6aodthcpawoquccos.
69 Kd7!
Notchowrc|cot|css|yWh|tc'sK|omovcdccpcr|oto
B|ack'stcn|tory.B|ack'sK|o
aa|ohasto|vcrouodbcau
69... Nb8+ 7OKc7 |oasvco |othcootcaftcrWh|tc's67th
movc.
69 ... K7 70 Ke7! Nc7 71 Nf4!
cctab||sh|othcKo|htp|accmcotsaftcrmovc65,
butw|ththchuc d|crcoccthatWh|tc'sK|ohpoctratcd
4
dcc|s|vc|y.Thccod|socar.
71 WW Na6 72 Ne+ B|ackrc|os.
Wh|tcw|oscas||yw|ththcmocooocctcdpawdpawos.
Howcvcr, thc ps|t|oo ofD|agam 27, T. Wc|obrcr -
P., Ostov|c, C|cvc|aod I975, aftcr h|tcs49thmovc, |s oo
whcrcasfavorab|cfor thcstroocrs|dcaswas D|aram 26.
B|ackdohavcasafc,uod,cxtrapawdpawo. Yctbcausc
thcrcpct|vcK|ogaodKo|htsarcabutcqu|va|cotfaras
act|vc p| accmcot |s cooccrocd, thc pos|t|oo |s tcoab|c for
Wh|tc. Ncvcrthc|css, to f|rst ho|d aod u|t|matc|y drawsuch
ps|t|oos|samotthaok|cstask. lopract|ca|p|aythcw|oo|o
chaoccforthcstroocrs|dcca|wayvcqh|
$
h.Wh|tc|osc
th|samc w|thout apparcot|y mak|o aoy maor crrors. H|s
movcssccmp|aus|b|ccoouh,ycttodrawsuchpos|t|oostwo
occdsarcrcqu|rcd. (I)koow|othc propr stratc|cdcfcos|vc
approach, aod (2) utmosttccho|ca|carc |o cxccut|othc dc-
fco.Thc|ostruct|vcamccounc|s.
D|agam27
49 e!
Notsomuchtoctthcawoo|obuttoctthcK|o
o|ov|ac6aodd.Thcrcforcc ccct|vc|s49....
g4?!
lsth|saoodmovcoroot! ltspurposcofcoursc, |sto
prcvcot...f5,but|fthatmovc|ssoo,whyd|do'tB|ackp|ay
45
|tooh|sprcv|ousmovc! Ayway, thcrcarcmorcoswhyl
doot||kc|t.F|nt|y,thcpawo|smorccqcdaodvu|ocrab|c
oo
forwardtowardthcccotcr. ouodcraod
bttcr|sthc|mmcdtatc5 K3.
50 ... Ke6 51 Kg3 KdS 52 KKd4!
Notc how B|ack I|rst act|vatcs h|sK|o as much as
poss|b|cbforcuodcrtoaoyth|oc|.
53 Nb3+
lwou|dhavcrcfcrrcdthcb|ockad|o
53NfIKd 54
Nc|w|ththc|dca55Nd5.Howcvcr,thctcxt tsa|sosat|sfacto-
r, |fpropcr|yfo||owcdup.
53 ... Kc4! 54 Nd+ Kd3 55 NNf!
Hcad|ofor 5 whcrc thc Ko|htwou|d scrc a dua|
[
urposc. I) b|ockac thcpawo, 2) o to c4 at |ts coovco-
tcocc.Thcrc|sooth|o|mmcd|atc|othcps|t|oo,c...
(I)55...Nc4! | 56NcI+ forccsthcrctrcat56...Kd4 57Nc2+
Kd5 s|occ56. . . Kc2! 57 Kxc4 KxcI 585 |sao |mmcd|atc
draw.
(2)55... c4+!| 56Kf4c3 57KO| |sprcmaturcbcaua||that
B|ackhas"ach|cvcd"|stowcakco h|scpawo.Thcpos|t|oo|s
ootyctr|pcforthcadvaoccofthccpawo,asWh|tc'sK|o|s
p|accdtowc||.Awaybcarcfu|w|thpawomovc you cao't
takcthcmback|
56 Nc+ Kd4 57 Ne6+
S|occ Ko|htsarcmostcffcct|vc |oattack|opawos
frombh|od,morccff|c|cothcrc|s57Nd7|N5+ 58Kc2Nc4
59Nb| aodhow|sB|acktoprorc ! Wh|tc'sK|ob|okadc
thccpawowh||ca|uard|othc|mrtaotcuarcdh|s
Ko|ht|srcadytorctumtodtowatchthcfpawo.
57 ... Kd5 58 Nc7+ Kd6 59 Nb+?!
+
Dub|ousoo |tsowo mcr|tsaodoothcwaytocomm|t-
t|othcdcc|s|vccrror. ltsurc|ywas |o|ca| (aodcorrcct) to
chathcK|obackw|th59Nc8+| Kc7aodthcotop|ayc|thcr
6 Nc7or6 N7.W|thB|ack'sK|obackooc7|t|sc|carthat
hchasmadcooprorc Iorw|oo|opuq.
59 ... Kc MNc?
Thc||omomcot.Thcko|htmustbkcptact|vcw|th
6ONc7| . Thco
cthcr, |t |s
ccrta|othatthccpawocaoadvaocc.A||thatrcmamsIorB|ack
47
|stocxcrc|thc occecarcthatWh|tccaoootsacr|f|cc
h|sK|htforthccpawowh||ca|b|oab|ctocxchaocoff
B|ack'srcma|o|opawo.
67 Nc e4+ 6 K4 e 69 gS
lf69 Nd4,69... Nc2+ |sthccod.
69 WW NdS+
Ofcoum, oot69...5+ 7O K5c2!! (7O...Nb5| st|||
w|osbcauthcpawoctstothc7thraok)7INd4| cI=Q 72
NO+, w|thadraw.
ThcKo|htchcckhastwopo|ots. Io thcf|rstp|acc,7O
Kc4 a||ow7O...c2| s|occaftcr 7I Nd4thccpawo quccosw|th
chcck.
70 Kg4 Kd3!
Tak|oawayd4fromthcKo|ht.NoocofWh|tc'stac-
t|work,c..7Oc2 7I7 cI=Q 728=QQI+ fo||owcd
by73... QQ8,or7
cO|ymp|adI972,Aftcrack's5Istmovc.B|ack has
two bcautu|, fau|t|css, cooocctcd, passcd ccotra|pawos,
whcrcasWh|tc'spasscdhpawocaobcrcad||ystoppcd aod
yct|tturosoutthatB|ackcaoootw|o.Thcrcarctwo rcasoos
for th|s. |nt|y,thc fact that Wh|tc'sp d pawo |s ahpawo
makcs |tharcrforB|ack'sKo|httocopcw|th |t.Sccood|y,
Wh|tc'spawoaodB|ack'spawos arc]ustc|ocoouhsothat
48
Wh|tc'sK|ocaodotwo]obs.protccth|spawoaodhc|pstop
B|ack'spawos.Wh|tc'stccho|quc |oa|o|othcdraw|s|mpc-
cab|c.
D|ar29
52 Kg3!
Wh|tc'sKo|hthasacx|b|cdact|vcccotra||oat|oo
so that thcrc |soopo|ot|o uoocccssar||yov|o|t. lIB|ack
oowp|ay52 ... Kh5,thco53NI6+chascs |tbac. ThcrcIorc
B|ackcmbarks oo ap|ccc rcdcp|oymcot. thc Ko|htw|| | b
uscd to stop thchpawo aod tcK|ow| | | tryto ass|st h|s
pawos'advaocc.
52 WWNc 53 K3! Nd8 54 Kg3 Nt 55 K3 Nb6 56 Kg Ng4
57 K3 K 58 h5!
NowthatB|ack'sK|ohas|vcou
[
cootro|oIh5,Wh|tc
cao aod shou advaoccthc pawo. Th|s mcrch|scouotcr-
chaocc.
53 WW Ke 59 Nc!
FromhcrcthcKo|htscrvcsbothtokccpoutB|ack's
K|oaodb|okadcthcpawos,c..59... c4! 6 Nxc4|
59 N6 MK4 Nt
Ncccssarytoprcvcot6IK5, but thcKo|hthcrc|s
49
pass|vc aod thcrcforc of | |tt|c hc|p for |ts pawos' com| o
advaocc.
61 Ne2!
ThcK|o
mustrcta|o h|sact|vcpos|t|oosothatatthc
momcotthcKmhthastoshou|dcrthcdcfcosc|oad.
61 WW K
Bas|ca||yaho|d|oopcrat|oo.B|acksccsthatooth|o
|mmcd|atc |soocoouhtow|oaodthustakcmct|mco
for rccct|oo, poss|b|yt|mc k||||o uot|| ad]ouromcot or to
hopcforam|stcpooWh|tc'spart.hcd|rcct6I...Kd5 |cadsto
thcsamcpos|t|oo as|othcamcaftcrB|ack's7Istmovcaod
Wh|tcdrawsw|th62h6| . Tomakcpro
rcssB|ackcvcotua||y
w|||havctoadvcch|spawos,ycttcttmcocvcrcmstob
r|pc.Nomattcrwh|chpawoB|ackmovc,thatfrccsquarcfor
Wh|tc'sp|cccsto sct up ab|ockadc.For|ostaocc,6I .. .c4 62
K3Kc5 6Nf4|or6I. ..f4 62K4Nh6+ 6K5O 53N3.
62 Nc Kg7 63 NdS! K6 6 Ne7!
Kccp|othc Ko|htact|vc. lfoow64...f4,thco65K4
fo| |owcdby6]Nd5]Nc6 (dcpcod|oupoo B|ack's p|ay)
whcothcKo|htsacr|f|cc|tsc|fforbthof|ack'spawos.
6 WWW Nd6 6 Ng8+! K7 6 Ne7 K 67 NdS Ke 6 Nc7+
Equ|va|cot |s thc |mmcd|atc 68 Nc3. W|th thc tcxt
Wh|tcdcmoostratcthatB|ack'sK|o|acksacccstod6.
6 WW. Kd7 69 NdS Nt 70 Nc! Ke6 71 Ne2
Exact|y thc samc pos|t|oo has ar|sco as aftcr Wh|tc's
6Istmovcwhco B| ackp|aycd6I. ..Kf6. B|ackoowmakcs a
morc dctcrm|ocdcffort, but Wh|tc turos |t awayw|th somc
dcfttact|O.
71 ... KdS 72 h6!!
SccD|aram3Ooothcfo||ow|opac.
5O
D|aram 3O
W|th B| ack's K|o too far away from thc k|os|dc,
Wh|tc'spawo cao advaocc. lfthcK|o hcads back, Wh|tc
drawsasfo||ows.72 ... Kc6 73 Kh5Kf6 7h7|K7 (or74... Nh8
75NN6 76Kh6)75h8=Q+| Kxh8 (75... Nxh8 76K5) 76
K6Nd6 77Kf6c4 78Kc5.
72 WNx6 73 KS Ke
Obv|ous|ythcoo|ytry.
74 K6 f4 Draw.
Thcamcwad]oumcd hcrc aodsubscqucot|y ca||cd
adraww|thoutrcsumpttoo ofp|ay. Thcfo||ow|o|mportaot
pr|oc|p|c app||chcrc. Te Kigt usually stops Kng + to
connected passed paws if its ow Kng cn help out. Wh|tc's
K| o docs] ust ct back |o t|mc. 75 K5| Kc3 76 Nc3| L
(76...c4!| 77Nd5+ aod78Nx4)77Kf5|D(77...Kd 78Nc4)
78NdI+ Kc2 79NxK 8Kc.
Section 3: Kight + 3 Pawns vs. Kight + 2 Pawns
For th|scasc a|so, thcrc arctwo broad |mprtaotpr|o-
c|p|c.
(1) N + 3 P vs. N + 2 P endgames are drawn, but only if the
psition is a "noral" one.
5I
Thcproccofmorcpawos, comparcdto thcbas|cN
+ 2Pv. + Pcodc,s||f|caot|y|ocrc thcstroocr
s|dc'sw|oo|ochcc.Thcofcod|os|dcmust havc aratcr
oorma|, symmctr|ca| pawo format|oo to ho|d thc draw. A
cxcc||cotract|ca|cxp|cofsuch adrawo p|t|oo showo |o
D|a
am I, L. Chr|st|aoo !.Kap|ao,C|cvc|aodI975,aftcr
Whttc's38thmovc.Thcoo|yprob|cm thatB|ackh|sthatthc
fpawo |s m|ss|o. W|th oodp|ay B|ack |s surc to ho|d thc
draw.P|aycoot|oucd.
D|ar3I
38 WW Ne
B|ack'soo|y|otcrcthcrc|stomakcthct|mccootro|oo
movc4O. Thcrcforcthcrc |s ||tt|c to d|scuss |orcardto thc
rcasoo|obh|odh|smovc.
39 K K 4 Nc4 K 41 Ne
Thcamcwas ad]ourocdhcrcw|th Wh|tcsca||o h|s
movc. Homcaoa|y|sshowcd thatw|th concct dcfco B|ack
caodraw.
41 WWWK 42 f4 hS!
A wc|| thouht out movc. lts pr|marypurposc |s to
prcvcotWh|tcfrommob|| |z|oh|spawocha|ov|aa|atcr4.
Aftcrthctcxt,forWh|tc toct|o4w|||rcqu|rc a||ow|othc
rout|occxchaocofhpawos,thusr|o|oB|ackc|ortothc
draw.
52
Thc sccoodarypu
ocot
tsthcopt|mumpss|b|cforofco.Thcrcforc|tshou|db|cft
as|s.lt|supto|acktomakcprorc |
4 Kd3 N+ 47 Ke4 Na6!
l ostcad thc |mmcd|atc 47. . . Nd5!| a||ows 48 f5 aod
47... 6! drosthc cpawo aftcr48 Nd4. ThusB|ackf|rstco-
surcthcsafctyofthccpawo.
4 Kd4 Nc7! 49 Ke4 g6!
Bysafcuard|of5B|ack c||m|oatcs thc daocrfrom
Wh|tc's f5 advaocc aod coab|cs h|s Ko|htto start act|vc
maocuvcn.
50 Kd4 Nd5 51 Ke4 Nc+!
Thcstartofa|ooroadtof5.Yct|tmustbccxccutcd
w|th prcc|s|oo, c.., ao |mmcd|atc 5!...Nc7! a||ows 52Nd4.
B|ackmustcosurcthatWh|tc'sKo|htdoootctthcoppr-
tuo|tytorcachthckcyd4uarc.
67
5ZKd3 Nb 53 Ke4 Nd6+ 54 Kd3 Nf!
Thc f|rst ma]or|otcrmcd|atc oa|hasbcco ach|cvcd.
fromf5thcKo|htprcvcotsWh|tc'sNd4aodprotcctsthch-
pawo.Thcrcforc B|ack'sK|ooow|sfrccd for act|oooothc
ccotra|froot.
55 Nd2 K6! 56 Ne4 Kg7 57 Nd2 K 58 Ne4 Ke7!
W|th B|ack'sK|occotra||yp|accd,thcrc|soowayto
prcvcotthccom|o... c5wh|chw|||y|c|dB|ack asouodpscd
c
[
awo. Yctootc thatB|ackhasdcaycdth|sadvcc uot|| h|s
Kmcaobothprotcctthcpasscd pawo aswc||ascq|o|t |ts
strcoth.
59 Nd2 e! Mfe fe 61 Ke4 Kf6 Black has a won position.
B|ack has ach|cvcd asafc aodsouodpawd pawo. For
|ostaocc,62NO |sparr|cdby62... N3+ 6Kd5c4 6Nxh4!
5.Thcocxdouomovccoos|stcdofqu|ctmaocuvcr|o,w|th
thcdcc|s|vcact|oobc
|oo|ooomorc74 sccthcp|ayfrom
D|aram36|othcprcvtousct|oo.
Section 5: Knight + 5 Pawns vs. Knight + 4 Paws
Thccooc|us|ooforth|s |s |oudaodc|car. Te endgame
of N + 5 P vs. N + 4 P is a sue wn.
Th|scodamcocunsc|dom|otoumamcotp|ay.Atthc
vcry|cast,thcstroocrs|dcw|||ach|cvcafavorab|cN +4Pv.
N + 3 Pcodamc.Thcrcforc |t|sasurcw|o aodthctcch
o|qucforthatcodamcuaraotccsuccc hcrca|.
68
Capter 4
Material Advantage - Pawns On Bt Sides
Section 1: General Principles
(1) Winnng Prospcts and Techniques
To increase its winning prospects, the stronger side
always wants pawn to eist on bth sides of the bard.
Thccocra|w|oo|oproccdurcs |s thc samc as for
B|shopcodamcaodcoos|stsofthcfo||ow|ostcps.
(I)Ccotra||uyourK|odKo|hts.
(2)Crcatcap cdpawooothcs|dchav|othccxtrapawo.
(3) lfthcdcfcod|oKo|htb|okadcthcp dpawo,dcf|cct
|tbyoffcr|otocxchaocKo|hts.
(4) lf thc dcfcod|oK|o |s busystopp|othc passcd pawo,
pcoctratcw|th yourK|ooothcothcrs|coftcboardaod
capturcsumc|cotpawostow|othcc.
(2) Drawing Prospcts and Technique
Te defending side's drawing chances are btter than in
the correspnding Bishop endgames.
Thcrcarctworcosforth|s.(I)Thcvcnat|||tyofthc
Ko|ht |ocrcascchaoccfor couotcrp|ay. (2) A pawd pawo,
cvco | fobta| ocd at hcavy matcr| a| cost, cao scvcrc|y
|mmob|||zcthcstroocrs|dc'sKo|ht.ThcB|shopcaostopa
dpawofromfaraway,whcrcasthcKo|htobv|ous|ymust
qu|tcc|osc.
Thcmococra|aproachc|oa|m|oIoradrawarc.
(I)Exchaocoffasmypawos pss|b|c,w|th thc u|t|matc
oa| of |cav|othc stroocrs|dcw|th]ustooc pawo. Th|s
approach|strucforall codamc.
69
(2)Crcatcap dpawas tot|cdwthcstroagcrs|d's
ka|ght.
Section 2: Te Stronger Side Has A Pass Paw
l|thcstroagcrs|dha|rcadyobta|acdap dpawa,
|tsw|aa|agchaaccsarccxcc||cat.1h|s|spart|cu|ar|yso|||ts
k|ad|ghtarcwc||p|accd.D|ar4I,w.Schm|dt - H.
!.ccht,w|aZ l l I972,w|th|ackoamovc,|sago
cxam|co|awoapos|t|oa.1hccharactcr|st|cso||tarc. (I)
1hcpawa |sasouadpasscdpawa, (2) 8|ack's ka|ght |s
momcatar||yab|tawkward|yp|accd,butoaaaovcra||bas|s
thck|agaadka|ghtarc|ocatcdwc||caough,(3)8|ackhas
oa|ythrccpawas|c|t.
D|agram4I
1hcpauc|tyo|matcr|a| rcma|a| agdocsg|vc wh|tc
mmcs||ghtdraw|agchaace,butw|thaccuratcp|aythcw|a|s
thcrc.
1 Nb2!
1hcka|ghtmustbcxtr|catcd|rom |tsuasc |oat|oa.
lromb2|tp|aastohcad|ora4toattackthccpawa.A gross
crrorwou|dhavcbcaI. ..O!bcauxo|2Ng4whcathctrcat
o|3Nc3+ |orccs8|acktoabaadoathc|-pawa (2. . . Nb2 3
Nc5+ kb3 4Ndw|thadraw).
2 Kc2?
70
Suchpass|v|ty|scqu|va|cattovo|uatar||yawa|t|agthc
uadcrtakcr. lmpcrat|vc|sthc act|vc2Nc8! . 8|ack'sroadto
|ctorythca|scoas|dcrab|yhardcr.2...Na4 3Nd6+ kd5 4
bc8 5Nc7+ (5kekc! 6KNxc3|o||owcdby7... bd6
aad8... Nxb4)5... kc6! 6Nxa6(6Nc6Nxc3 7Nd4+ kb6! 8
bx N5 |o||owcd by 9... Nxh4) 6...kb6! (wh|tc |ssa|c a|tcr
6
. .. Nxc3! 7kc3!)7Nb8kc7 8Na6+ kb7 9Nc5+Nxc5 I0
bxc5kc6w|thawoak+Pcadgamc.
2 WWW Na4 3 Ne4 Kd5 4 Nd2 Nb 5 Kd3 Nc4 6 NNe+
8|ackhrcgou(aadccatra||nd!)h|sk+ N d|s
thusrcadytow|aoa c.thcrs|dco|thc board. l|aow7kc2,
8|ackw|asw|th7... kc4 8Nc5a5! .
7 Kd2 t 8 Nd4 f! 9 Ke2 Kc4
8|ack's|aycoat|auctobmotthcmat|c. thc|pawa
|s uscd as a ccoyto draw away wh|tc's k| ag |rom thc
uccas|dcsothat8|ack'k|agcaacapturcbothpawasthcrc.
bv|ous|yhop|caow|sI0Kkxc|o||owcdby... Kb.
10 Ne6 Kc 11 Nc Kb 12 Nxa6+ K! 13 Nc Ng4 wh|tc
rc|gas.
8|ackrcta|asthc|pawaaadatwo pawa advaatagc|or
aacasyw|a.
A somcwhats|m| |arstatccx|sts|aD|agram42,!.Sza
|ajdcw|cz R.ma||cc,Lub||al!!I975,a|tcrwh|tc's5Istmovc.
D|agram42
7I
8|ack|sahcadapasscdbpawa,yct|shaad|cappcdby
hav|ag|m|atcdk|a|dcpawas.1ow|a,8|ack'sk|agw|I|havc
topcactratc| atoh|tc'sk|ags|dc,atthccosto|thcbpawa.
Lvcaa|tcrpactrat|oa8|ack'sp|ayw|||havctobmotcxact.
51 ... Ne4+ 52 K Nc 53 Ke Ne!
lor8|ack'sk|agtoprogrcss,wh|tc'ska|ghtmustbc
d|s|d|romd|romwhcrc|tcoatro|soaadmcaaccthc|
pawa.astcadprcmaturc|s53... b3! 54kd2b2 55kc2Nd 56
c2 whca wh|tc hasaa cxcc||cat dc|cas|vc |ormat|oa. lor
|astaacc,||8|acktr|ctomovch|sk|atowardthcquccas|dc,
wh|tcp|ayNd4w|thaaattackoathcpawa.
S4 Ne2 h4!
Prcvcat|agwh|tc'sNg3 |orcvcrmorc hc|ps sa|cguard
8|ack'sk|ag|dc.
SS Kd3 Ke7 56 Kc4 Kd6 57 Kb
wh|tcm|ghtwc||capturcs|acchchasaorcaab|c
wa|t|agmovcs.ut,o|coursc, aow8|ack's k|aggcts |ato
wh|tc'sk|ag|dc.
57 ... KdS 53 Kc Ke4 59 Kd2 Kf! !
8|ack'sk| aghaspcactratcd,a| | r|ght,butthcw|a |s
aowhcrcrout|ac.8|ack's||rstprob|cm|statbccausco|thc
prcacco|hpawas(thcRPsarcthcwontpawastohavc|or
w|aa|apurpscs|ak i Pcadgamcs
.
!,thck + Pcadgamc
tcr5...N. 6Nn4.k4 6kc2 isdrawa.
(6I. ..kg4 62kOkh3 6kgI|4 6khIO 65kgI
26I. ..kc4 62k|2|4 63kcO+ 6k|2k|4 6kcI ! kc3
66k|IO 67h3kOsta|cmatc.
l|wh|tcaowp|athcrout|ac6 kcI!! , hc|s|mmcd|
atc|y|angnaaga|tcr.B .kg2.
MKdl! 61 Kel h3!
72
8|ack'sxcoadprob|cm|sthata|tcr6I...kh2! 62K!
h|sk|agcaaaot
cdpawas|t|s
d||||cu|ttog|vchardaad|astru|cs.most|yit'saqucst|oa o|
carc|u|ca|cu|at|oasaadtact|ca|crcat|v|ty|a coas|dcr|agthc
76
p
ropcr k|agmaacuvcrsaad ka|ghtjumps. 1hcs|ag|c most
imprtaatpr|ac|p|ctokccp|am|ad|sthatte R is by far te
most difcult paw for te Kigt.
A cxcc||catpract|ca|cxamp|co|thctypco|p|aythat
caarcsu|t |sshowa |rom D|agram 45,N.m|acv- k. Hoa||,
8cmI974,w|thwh|tcoamovc.8|ackhastwostroagcoaacct
cdp dpawasoathcquccas|dc,yctwh|tc'sh-pawawh|ch|s
a|rcady oa thc 6th raak crcatcsgood couatcrp|ay. 1hc two
majorstratc|ccoas|drat|oas mc. (I)1hc h-pawa |sd||||cu|t
|or8|ack'sa|ghttostop,d(2)k + Roathc7thraakv.
Qucca|sdrawa||thcstroagcrs|dc'sk|ag|sto|arawayaad
thcQuccadaotcoatro|thcqucca|aguarc.
D|agram45
w|thpcr|cctp|ayD|agr45 |sadraw.1hcgamcwas
drawa,thoughw|thaxr|ouscrrorbycachs|dcthrowa|a.
1 Ne!
1hcbcstmovc.thcka|ghthcadsbacktostopthcb
pawa.wh|tc'sk| agthcaw|||avcsu|||c|catt|mctochasc
8|ack'ska|ghtaway|romthchpawa.1hc|mmcd|atc I k|4
a||owsI . ..N|7 whcaa|tcr2h7b 3Nc5Nxc5! 4kxc5b2 7
h8= QbI= QthcQ + Pcadgamcg|vcs8|ackgoodpract|ca|
chaacc|orthcw|a.
l. .. b3 2 K4 Nh7!
wh|tchasa rout|acdrawa|tcr2... Nc6+ 3k|5N|8 4
k|6|o||owcdby5kg7.
77
f
3 Kt?
Nowwh|tc|s|ost.1hck|agcaaa|waygctto8|ack's
ka|ght.1hcrc|orcwh|tc's||rstbus|acssshou|dhavcbcato
br|abackh|ska|ghttostopthcbpawa.1hcdraw|agmctho
wNd!b2 4Nxb2kxb2 5N|5a4 6kg6N0+ 7Oi 8
Ka 9h7.
3 ... Kb2?
8|ackrcc|proatc.1hcw|awastobhadw|th3... kb!,
prcvcat|ag4Nc4+. lm m|acvprov|dcsthc|o||ow|agvar|a
t|oasascoav|ac|agpro|.
(I)4kg6kc3! 5kxh7b2 6kg7bI =Q 7h7Qxh7+a4aad
thcpawacaaaotbstoppd,
(2)4Nd+ kc4! 5Nb2+ kc3 6Na4+ kb 7Nb2a4 8kg6
a3 9Nd+kc3,w|aa|ag.
4 Nc4+!
Oa|yso.thcka|ght|ssa|c|yback aadwh|tc|ssa|c.
wh|tc|oxa|tcr4Nd+!kc2!aad4kg6!kc3! .
4 ... Kc 5 Na3 b2
Or5... a4 6kg6kb4 7NbIa3 8Nxa3! |cad|agtothc
samcpos|t|oa|athcgamc
.
6 K6 Kb3
1hcrc|saoth|ag|s6... N|8+ 7kOctc.
7 Nl a4 8 K7 a3 9 Nxa3! K 10 K8 Draw.
A|tcr I0 . . . bI=Q I I h7 Qg6+ I2kh8! 8|ackmust
chobtwccasta|cmat|agwh|tcora||ow|agthchpawa to
qucca.
Coas|dcrab|ymorcmph|st|cat|oa|srcqu|rcdtocorrcct
|yhaad|cthcpos|t|oao|D|agr+,wh|ch|sthccoac|us|oao|
amanc|ous 9studybythcDutchcompscr!. H.marw|tz.
78
wh|tc has as|ga|||caatadvaatagcbyv|rtuco|hav|agtwo
w|dc|yxparatedp dpaws,yct8|ack'ss|ag|cppaw
|stheaaughty'hpawa.h|tctop|aydw|a|stctk but
how!1hcobv|ous ! Ng6+! |cadstoaoth|aa|tcrI...kg7 2
Nxh4Nd5 3b5 Nc3+ |o||owcdby4. . . NxbNobcttcr|s!
kb2!Nd5!wheabth2Nxd5!h3or2b5!Nn4 3oNd+ 4
kc3Nc5|cadtow|as|orBlack. Othcraorma|movcsbythc
k|aga|marc|o| |cdbyI...Nd5!,as|s!Nh3!.
D|agam+
Aadthcw|aacr|s. . .
1 Kl! !
Asuqr|s|ag,thougw|ththcabvcd|xu|oa| am|ad,
rcad||yuadcmtaadab|eso|ut|oa.wh|tcp|aceh|sk|aoaa
squarcwhcrc|t|smomcatm||youto|rcach|or8|ack'sKa|ght.
1|sg|veswh|tct|mctop|ayNh3aadthcathck|agw|||b
ab|ctostartadvc|agaa|stthcb-pawa.
l ... Nd5!
St|||thcott.A|tcr I...kg7 2Nh3!wh|tcw|ass|m|
|ar|ytowhathappasatcroa.
2 b5!
A|tcr2. . . Nx|4! 3 b6 8|ack's ka|ght | acks a tcmpo
ga|a|agchccktogctback|at|mctostopthepawa.
79
3 Nh3!
Hcrctoothcrc|saott|mc|or3Nxd5!bccausc8|ack
rcachcsathcorct|ca||ydrawapos|t|oaw|th3... h3 4N|4h2 5
Nh5+ kg6 6Ng3kxg5 7b6kg4 8NaIk|3 9b7kg2 I0
b8=QkI.Notchows|m||arth|smot|||stothato|thcprcv|
ouscxamp|c.
3 ... K
Am|os|ag|s3... kg6 4kb2!kh5 5kb3bcauxthcrc
|saott|mc|or5...kg4.6g6kh3 7g7N|6 3okg2 9b7h3
I0b8=Qh2 I I Qb7+kgI I2Qb6+ kg2 I3Qn6dwh|tc
w|as.
4 K2 Ke 5 K Kd6 6 Ka4! Kc7 7 K
wh|tc'sbpawa|saowsccurcaadthccomb|aat|oao|
thc|ar advaaccd aadw|dc|yscparatcdpasscd pawas |s too
much|or8|ack'ska|ght.St|||,wh|tcw|asoa|ybyaha|r.
7 ... Kb7 8 g6 Ne7 9 g7 Ng8 10 b!
Passcdpawasmustbpushcd!
10 ... Nf 11 K Ng8 12 Ng!
1hcrcturao|thcka|ght|atothc|rayw|||bcdcc|s|vc.
8|ack|oseu|ck|ya|tcr I2...Nh6 I3NO!Ng8 I4Nd8+ aad
I2... N|6 I3c4!Ng8 I4Nc5+ctc.
12 ... Ne7! 13 Ne6! h3 14 Nd8+ Kc8 15 Nc6! Ng8 16 Ka6 h2
17 b7 + Kd7 18 b=Q h1 =Q 19 Qd8+! wh|tcw|as.
At |astsucccss. I9... kc6 |oscsto 20 Qxg8+, I9 kc6
dropsthcQuccaa|tcr2 Qa8+.
Atthcmomcatmatcr|a| |scqua|| aD|agram47,A.
Doachcako R. Ho|mov,Dubaa I973, a|tcr 8|ack's 43rd
movc.Yct|t|srcad||yapparcatthatthcc-pawa|soa|ts|ast
|cgs aad thca8|ackw||| havc thc matcr|a| advaatagc o|a
pad |pawa. Howcvcr, thcs|ga|caat|actor |a thcps|t|oa
8
w| ||turaouttobcthcRs.8|ack'ska|ght|swc|| p|accdto
capturc wh|tc's a-pawa,whcrcas wh|tc'ska|ghtcaagoa|tcr
8|ack'shpawa.lathcreu|t|agp|ay8|ackw|||havcthcact|vc
k|a
d8|ack'spadapawaw|||b|unhcradvccdthaa
whitc'spasscdh
}
awa,Ho|mov|aadcta||cdaaa|y|s|a
Shahmat Bjulletzn, #5, I975, has coav|ac|ag|y
p
rovca that
8|ackw|asb|orcc|rom D|qam47.mucho|thisaaa|y|s|s
too dcta||c |orouraccds, but thc major coac|us|oas arc
va|uab|c aad l havc madcgratc|u| usc o|thcm. wh|tc aow
p|aycd.
D|agram47
4Ne
wh|tcprotcctsthccpawaaad||chdawayby4...|4,
w|||goa|tcrthch-pawav|ag4.Oathc|acco||tth|s|sa|og|ca|
approach. Lxtcas|vc subscqucat aaa|y|s, howcvcr, hshowa
that8|ack'stkwou|dhavc bca coas|dcrab|y morc d||||cu|t
tcr4N|6+! kc5 45Nd7+! ( 45Ng8|cadtop|ays|m||arto
thcgamccoat|auat|oa.)Ho|movthcag|vethc|o||ow|a
asthc
ma|a||ac.45...kd4 +c5Nc4+ 47Nxc5 48No48Nb8
|smctby48. . . a4! )48... Nc6! kccp|agoutwh|tc'sk|a|rom
|4.)49h4h5! 50Nc8kc4 5INd+b352Nn5K 3ke
(wh|tchastotrytostop thc a-pawa.A|tcr53Ng3!! kb2! 54
Nxh5a48|ack'sRw|I|bcwc|| ahcado|wh|tc's.)53. . . kb2!
54kd2a4 55Ne!Nd4! 56kdNO 57Nc4+kb3 58Na5+
kb4 59Nc6+ kc5 6 Nd8(6 Nb8kd6! )6 .MM kd5 6I kc3
Nxh4 62kbNO 6NOkc6! 6Nh6Nc5 65ka4h4aad
8|ackw|as.wh|tc'sk|aghas |adccd coaqucrcdthcapawa,
8I
butaow|sto|araway|romthcpadh-pawa!
4 WWWf4 4 Ng4 Nxc4 4 a4
wh|tccchowhcthcrthcapawa|scapturcdoai
ora4,but|t|shard|ysurpr|s|agthat|tmake||tt|cd|||crcacc.
A|tcrthc|mmcd|atc+xh6 wh|tc'sot|s47NONb5
4Nd8,yct8|ackst|||w|asa|tcr4 ... a4 49Nc6i 5 NbNc
5Ih4a 52Nc2(or52Nxa2Nxa2 53h5Nb h6Nd+ 55
k|INc5 56h7Ng6aadthch-pawahasbccaoacmovcto
s|ow.)52. . . NdI+ 53kcI Nc3 54NaIkd3(Orthcs|mp|c
54 ... Ng2+ aad55 ... Nxh4.)55h5Nc2+ctc.
4 N 47 Nxb6 Nxa4 4 Nf
Hcad|abackv|a48N4|oscsa|tcr48... Nb2 49kc2
Nc4 5 h4a4 INd+kd4 2h5a 53h6a 54h7O+ 55
kx|3 Nc5+ 56kc2N|7whcawh| tc'sh-pawa has bcca
stoppdwh||c8|ack'sapawaquccas.
morcovcr,||wh|tc'sk|aggtostopthca-pawthca
8|ackw|asw|ththc|pawa.48kcNb2 49kd2Nc+ 50kc3
Nc5! 5INg8N
wh| | e|orgett|agabouteveryth|age|se.Justa|ewsecoadso|
actua|thinking wou|dhaveshowa thatoa|ythcact|ve42ke5|
makcsease.1hea42... Ng2|sham|ebcauseo|43h5p5
44k5.moreovcr,42... Nd3+ 43k|6Nm 44kxg6|4 45
Nd4 a|so |ooksqu|tesa|e|orwh|te.A|tcr42ke5|adraw|s
thc||kc|yrcu|t.
42 WW Ng 4 Ke?!
G|v|ag8|acktwocoaaectcdp dpawas|sproveato
behoe|ess.1here|ore,abetterpract|ca|trywas4h5gh5
4k| h4 45ke2h3 +k|I,eveathoughwh|tc'spropcts
rema|ab|ea|ter+... Nh4 47kgINO+.
4 WW Nx4 4 Kf4 g5 + 4 K Ng6 4 a4
wh|tedoes haveaaextra pawa oathequeeas|dc,but
Gml|xherw|||w|theasedemoastratehowtomake |tharm-
|e.
4 WWW f4+ 47 K g4 4 Nb5 NeS!
8|ackcxccutesthethcmat|cp|cccp|aystrategy. w|th
th|smovcceatra||z|agthcka|ghtaadoathcaextmovc,thc
k|ag.
49 Nc Ke6! 50 b Nc!
8| ack
2...I aadb|ag|tse||readytojumpto
c4.wh|te|satde|easivecrossroads.wh|chs|deo|theboard
shou|dheworkoa!
2 Ng?!
Hedec|dctopreveatthe|mmed|ateadvaaceo|the|
pawa.Yetthecost|s heavys|acethedeceatra| |zat|oao|the
ka|ghta||owbth8|ack'sk|agaadka|ghttomeaacewh|te's
queeas|de.lb||evethattheateat|vewasbtter. 2b3|4 3
NdI |,g|v|ag8|acktwoopt|oas.
(I)3. . . kd5,wh|chcaabeparr|edby4Nc3 +kc5(4... kd4! 5
Nb5+)5Ne4+whea5...d4!| |sr|s[bcauxo|6Nd6aad|t
|suacerta|a||8|ackcaaw|a,e.g. 6... kc3 7b4kb3 8Nxb7
K 9b5kb4 I0Nd6,w|ththethreatI I Nc8.
(2)3... NO| |scorrect,threatea|a4... Nd4+. l|4b4,8|ack's
k|agw| | | peaetrate thequeeas|destart|agw|th4... kd5, ||4
kd,8| acorcesapassedpawa.4... g3| 53|xg3 6Ne3
ke5| 7Ng2Nd4 8b4N|5aad|aduecourse|ack'sgpawa
w|||costh|teh|squeeas|de.Neverthe|ess,th|swoudhave
beaabtterchce|orwh|te,s|aceaherthetextmove8|ack
hasaae|ert|me|apaetrat|ag.
2 WWW Nc4! 3 Nf4+ Ke 4 Nd3+ Kd4 S a4 Ne!
Receatra||z|agtheka|ghtmakeswh|te'ska|ghtg|ve
way,thusa||ow|ag8|ack'sk|agtogetatwh|te'spawas.
6 Nf4 Kc4! 7 Ne K 8 Ke b!
8ypreveat|agaNc5(+),8|acksa|eguardsh|squeea
s|de.
9 Kf4?!
A8|ack|sbouadtow|awh|te'squeeas|de,arout|ae
pawa|orpawaexchaageoathek|ags|demustbe|ahereat|y
ope|ess.Oa|y9Nd4a4 I0 No|(ers ab|to|pract|ca|
87
chaaces,thougho|coune8|ack'spos|t|oarema|aswoaa|ter
I0 ... kb3.
9 W Nd3+ 10 K Nx 11 Kf4 Nd3+ 12 K4 Nxb2 13 K
Nxa4
1wocoaaectedp dpawasw|arout|ae|y.1hecoac|u
s|oawas.
14 KeNcS 15 Nd4 aS 16 Nc6+ Kc 17 Nd4 a4 18 Nb5+
K 19 Nd4 a 20 Nc+ K3 21 Ka 2 KcIKcwh|te
rc|gs.
D|agr5I
1hestroagers|de'stask|scoas|derab|yharder|rom
D|agram5I, D.L|c m.D|m|tr|jev|c,kragujevac I977,atter
8| ack's36thmove.wh|te'soa|yadvaatage |stheextrapawa,
8|ackhas the act|vek|ag aad the poteat|a| |y more act|ve
ka|ght.wh|te's||rstordero|bus|amustbetocoaso||date
thepawaadvaatagedthentstep|stoceatra||athek|ag.
37 K! Kc 38 Na5+ Kb5
1hetext doessucceed |a |orc|agbackwh|te'ska|ght
(39b!ka4 +Nc4kb3),buta||owh|te'sk|agtoach|eve
adom|aeer|agceatra|ro|e.Ab|tmoreprom|s|ag|or|oager
termrc|staace|s38...kd5|.
39 Nc4 Nc 4 Nd2 a5 41 Ke
8
1hcquccas|dc|ssu|||c|cat|yprotcctcdsothatwh|tc's
k|ag|srcadytohcad|or8|ack'sk|ag|dpawas.
41. .. Ne 42 h4! a4
l|8|ackdocsaoth|ag,wh|tcwa|ks |aw|thkc4, kc5,
ctc.,wh||crcta|a|agh|squccas|dcmajor|ty.
4b
lt|sd||||cu|ttorcs|sthav|agaprotcctcdpasscdpawa.
Howcvcr,ac|carcrw|a |sto ohadw|ththcd|rcctk|ags|dc
pactrat|oa approach.43bxa4+! kxa4 4kc4K 4kc5
Nc7 +Nc4!kb3 47N|6h6 48Ng8ctc.
4 ... Nc7 4Kd4
AIrcadythc||ntprob|cm|sapparcat||4k4!! ,8|ack
gctscouatcrp|aya|tcr... Nd+ 45g4Nxb! .
4 ... h5 4 g5 Kc 4 KeS Nd5 47 Kd4?!
wh|tc uaacccssar||ygcts co|d |cct. 1hc k|agshou|d
rcma|a act|vcaadthckmghtuscd |or dc|casc v|a47NbI ! .
8|ackthca|s,| ac||cct,| azugwaagaadwh|tcw|ascas||y,c.g.
47... Nc7 4k|6kd 49Nc3ctc.
47 ... Ne7 4 Kc4 Nf 49 b+
Act|v|ty|samust,as49N|3!! Nd6+ 50kd3kd5has
8|ackthrcatca|agbth5I.. .Nb5aad5I.. .Nc4.
49 ... Kb 50 K Nxh4 51 Nc4+ Kc7 52 NeS! Kd6
SccD|agram52oathcacxtpagc.
l|8|acktcmpr|aw|thh|sk|ag,wh|tctco||thca
pawaaadw|asrout|ac|yw|ththctwocoaacctcdpasxdpawas.
1hcrc|orc 8|ackhasto|rcc h|ska|ght.1hctcxt |orccwh|tc
toadvaaccthc bpawa w|th thc rcsu|tthat |tswcakacssw|||
prcvcatwh|tc|romcaptur|agthcapawa.Yct,a||th|sc||ort|s
|oraaught wh|tcst|||hasaw|a.
89
D|agram52
53 b Nf 5Nxg6 Kc SS K Kb7 S Nf4 h4 57 g6
w|ththeapawa|oraow|mmater|a|,whatwehave|saa
eadgameo|ab aadagpawav. theh-pawa. 1h|ssames|tua
t|oaex|sted|athestudyyJ. H.marw|tz|atheprev|oussec
t|oa - seeD|agram46. 1heso|ut|oa |ath|spract|ca|game |s
qu|tes|m||ar.
S7 WNg7 58 K Nf 59 Nh3 Ng7 MNg!
1hew|aa|agproedurew|||ba |o||ow. (I)1ogetthe
b-pawatothe7thraak,wh|teaodtocheckoad8,mtat(2)
theka|ghtcaa gettoc6, thuscover|agthequeea|agsquare.
Dur|agth|sproe ,8|ack'shpawaw||Ib|reetoavaacem
thatwh|temustt|meh|smovcmotexct|y.
M WWNe8 61 K Ng7 62 Nt h3 63 Nd8+ Kc8
1hegamecoat|auat|oa|sreachedmaera|ter6.N N kb8
Mka6h2 5Nc6+.
6 b7+ Kc7 6 Ka6 h 6 Nc! hl =Q 67 h8=Q+ Kd7
Obv|ous|y67..N kd!! dropsthe Queea a|terb Qb7+.
(1h|swou|da|mhavebeathecoac|us|oa||8|ackhadp|ayed
W
6... kxc6!|.)
6Qb7+ Kd6
68 ... ke8 ruas|atomatcby69 Qe7or69 Qc8,6 .MN ke6
dropstheQueeato69Nd4+or69Nd8+.
69 Qe7 +! KdS 70 N+ Kc4 71 Qt + 8|ackrc|gs.
A|ter7I . . . kc5 72Qxg7 wh|te |supaka|ghtaada
passedpawa.
D|agram53
l aD| agram 53, 8ajec O. 1r|agov, Ljub|jaaaI969,
wh|tetomove,8|ack|su
amuadqueeas|depawa.1he|mge
aumbro|pawasrema|ag|avon |ack,however,theexce|-
|eatp|acemeato|wh|te's|ghtmakc|tveryhard|or8|ack
tocreateapassedpawa|rom h|squeeas|demajor|ty.Asw|||
bexea,8|ackw|||aeedaverycreat|vemethotoaccomp||sh
th|s. |aaayc,8|ack'sntobjotmustbk|agact|vat|oa.
Herea|soth|smeaask|agceatra||mt|oa
1 t K 2 K Ke7 3 a4 b!! 4 Nx6
wh|tem|ghtaswe| | take,asa|terthepass|ve4Nd3
Nb7| 8|ackeveahasthe|unryo|cho|age|ther...a or.W. C
ash|sbre.
4 WWW Kd8
8|ackp|aastowa|kovertob7,|orc|agwh|teto g|ve
9I
backtheawaw|thb5.A'aoma|''coat|auat|oaaowwou|db
5ke2kc 6kdkb7 7b5cxb5 8axb5Nxb5,whea8|ackhas
obta|aedapassedpawaaadw| ||w|a us|agthetecha|queso|
Sect|oa2.
S|acesuchacoum|sratherprospct|e|or wh|te,he
dec|dctotrytotakeadvtageo|theabseaceo|8|ack'sk|ag
|romthek|ag|detogeaeratemmeact|oathere.Notea|mthat
5a|a||satter5...bxa5 6bxa5Nc4dwh|te|othea-pawa
|oraoth|ag.
5 hS!? ghS!?
8|ackacceptsthecha| |eage.o|course,hecou|d have
coat|auedw|ththeaoma|5...kc8,buttheawh|tewou|dhave
ga|aedarout|aeexchaageo|oaek|ag|depawa.
6 K Kc 7 K3 f!?
8|ackaga|achothemotdyam|cway.1hes|mp|e
7... kb7a|sow|asaaddom''s|mp|er.
8 ex
worse|s8kh4!!|xe4 9|xe4kb7 I0b5c5! I I kh5
Nxe4d8|ack'stwop dpawas|eadtoaaeyw|a.
8 Nx 9 b c!
1here|saoreasoawhy9. . . cxb5 shou|daotbegood
eaough| athe |oagrua. However,thetext|sstroageras |t
|mmed|ate|yg|vc8|ackapwer|u|p dpawa.
10 K?!
1o|o||owupact|vep|ayw|thp |ve |sse|domadv|sa
b|e.Oa|yI0a5! !|sworthtry|ag,eveathoughI0 .B M c4 I I b6
c3 I2Nb4Nd4mustu|t|mate|y|eadtoaw|a|or8|acks|ace
hew|| | capturethebpawasaadtheabtwopawasup.
10 h4!
92
L|thcrd|sso| v|agthcdoub|cdpawasor crcat| ag a
pwcr|u|pacdhpawa.
11 f4 e4!
ausua|,butwc||taoughtout. wh|tc'srcu|t|agpad
|pawaw|||b|mptcat,whcrc8|ackw|||havctwopwcr|u|
aadw|dc|yxpmatcp dpawas.
12 g4 c4! 13 N c 14 K Nd4+ 15 K4 c 16 Nd3?!
wh|tcovcr|oksthcprcttyrcspoasc.Ncccssary |s I6
Nxc2Nxc2 I7k4,though I7 . . . Nd4 I8kg5Nc6+ I9kO
Nc5orI9... Nm4w|as|or8|ack.
16 WW Nf! ! wh|tcrc|gas.
wh|tc'sk| ag |st|cdtostopp| agthc hpawa aad h|s
ka|ght|scha| acdto thccIsquarc.us8|ack'sk|agcaa
uapnurbdddcc|s|vc|ypactratc|atowh|tc'sps|t|oa.
D|qam54
wh|tc|s|ortuaatcthat |t |s h|smovc | athc rout|ac
apcar|agpos|t|oao|D|agram 54, L. Port|sch O. 8arcza,
uagaryI68.l|8|ackwou|dboamovc,hcwou|dcapturc
oagdthcrcu|t|agp|t|oathca|sdrawa|orthc|o||ow|ag
rcas.(I)wh|tc|s|cw|thoa|y3pawas,(2)8|ack'sk|ag|s
propr|yp|accd|orcop|agw|thtcpawa, aad (3) thcwcak
acsso|wh|tc'sbpawaocsaot a||owwh|tc'ska|ghttogo
attcr8|ack'sbpawas|acc8|ack'ska|ghtthcaattackswh|tc's
93
pawaw|th...Nd6.
1ow|a,GmPort|xhmustcomeupw|thaaoa-rout|ae,
oaut||u|aadstrateg|ca||ywe||just|||edp|aa.
1 f+! ! g
Notcaptur|ag|sworse.I. ..kO!! 2gh5!gh5 3ke5!
(wh|tehasobta|aedastroagpadpawaaadadm|aeer|ag
k|
aad8|ack
ho|d.
3 WWW Kg5 4 Ke! KS 5 Ke f4 6 Kd7!
1|mecoat|auesto be o|esseace. lasu|||c|eat|sthe
greedy6Nx4+!! . 6... k5 7Nd5Ng7+ 8kd7N|5 9kc7Nd4
0k6Nm5! I I bK4 I2N|4kg3,w|thadraw.
6 Ng7 7 Nxb Nf 8 Nc4
Comparedtotheprev|ousaote,wh|te |sadec|s|ve
tempoaheadoathequeeas|de.1h|seaab|ch|sbpawato||ve,
wh||etheka|ghtcaagetback|at|metostopthe|pawa.
8 WW Nd4 9 b N 10 Kd6!
Preveat|agI0 ... Nc5(+)aadxa||ag8|ack's|ate.
94
10 WWW t II b7 f I2SeS 13 h8=Q Sc4+ I4Ke Sxe 15
Q+8|ackrc|gas.
g3.
wh|tep|cko||the|pawaw|thachecke|theroa|4or
D|agram55
1hepos|t|oao|D|agram55, R.Ho|mov - V. mo|seev,
Uzh
oro I972,a|ter8|ack's42admove,a
p
pantobuaex
ceptroaa|.wh|te|supagopawaoathekrag|de,thequeea
s|de|ssymmetr|ca|w|theachs|dehaad|cappedbyaweakb
pawa d at the momeat8|ackhasthemore act|ve k|agaad
a|ght.wh|te'sgeaera|p|aa |stheusua|oae. create ap d
pawaoathek|ag|deaadwh||e8|ack|sbusystopp|ag|t,pae
trate8|ack'squeeas|detocapturebthpawas.
I havex|ectedth|s''aexcet|oaa|''ps|t|oa todemoa
stratehowexceed|ag|ycomp||cateka|ghteadgcare.1he
ka|ght|sjustsoversat||ethat both s|des have maay|og|ca|
poss| b| | | trestoexp|ore.1ogeteveac|osetothetruth,a
tremeadousamouato|work |srequ|red.Gm Ho|movhas
pub||shedadeta||edaaa|ys|so|thisead|ag|aShakhmatny
Biulletin, #5o|I973aadlhavemadegrate|u|useo|someo|
h|swork.
Lveathoughwh|te'sgeaera|p|aa |sappareat,hemust
makeaspc|||cdec|s|oaaow. shou|dhea|mtocrateapad
pawaoathe| orh|||e!Aadtheaaswer|s. . .
4 hS!
95
1heh|| | e! thereasoasarestrateg|ca||yc|ear.the h-
pawa|sthemored|mcu|toae|ortheka|ghttostopaad||the
|agstops]capturc|t,hew|||boaesqume|artheraway|rom
thequeeas|dethaa ||hehadcapturesthegpawa.1here|ore
thetext|ssupr|orto43g5.
4 WW Ne
lhavechoathetexta thema|a||ae,bcauxtome|t
|sthemotrat|oaa|de|eaxs|ace|ta|mstomaketheg5break
mored|0|cu|ttoach|eve.1hetwoma|aa|temat|vcare.
(I)4 W Ke
1h|s|sthegamecoat|auat|oa.wh|tewoaa |o||ows.4
kd4Nc7 45Nc4N|6jHerea|mtherearemoa|temat|vc.(a)
45... Nc5|eadstoa|otk&Peadgamea|ter+Nxa5Nxa4 47
bx4bxa5 48 kc5, (b)theact|vat|oa o|thek|agw|th45... k|6
46kd5kg5 a|soturasouttobe |asu|||c|eat.4kc6N|6(Or
47...4 kxd7Kh5 49Nxok4 50b! ,or47... Nc5 48
Nxa5! 4 49 KNd7+ 50kb5Kh5 5I Nc6kg5 52a5
N|6 53 e7Ne8 54kh6!aadtheapawaueeas.)48Nxb6
k4(u|va|eat|s4 ..B Nq4 49Nc4kxh5 50b! 5Ia5
b3 52b2! Ne5 + 53kc7aadaga|atheapawa caa'tbe
stopped.)49Nc4kxh5 50b4!b4 5I a5b3 52Nb2!Ne5+
53c7aadaga|athea-pawacaa'tbestopped.)49Nc4kxh5
50b4! b4 5Ia5 b3 52 a6Ng4 53Nb2!Ne5 + 54kc7,
w|aa|ag.j46Ne3! (w|thwh|te'sk|ag|apos|t|oatohead|or
b5,there|sao reasoatoa||ow8|ack|mmed|atecouaterp|ay.
moreover,+..B kd6|spreveatedbcauxo|47N|5+ |o||owed
by4 Nxh6.)+..B K 7kc4Nd7 4N|5!Ne5+ 49kb5Nq4
50Kke6 5INxh6!(1hecu|m|aat|oao|wh|te'sp|aastart
|agw|th+Ne3! . 8|ack|s|e|tw|thoutpawasaadcouaterp|ay.
1he s|owka|htcaaaotcopew|thw|te'sw|de|ysearated
passedpawas.5I. ..Nxh6 5kxa5kd7 53kb6kc8 4ka7!
|ackres|as.1here|saoth|agtobedoaeaboutthecom|ag
advceothebpawa.
(2)4 WNd7
8|ackprotectsthebpawa,buta||ow|agtheg5break
%
|eadtoa|a|r|yrout|ae|o.
NO+ ke6(A|ter .N . k|6 45kd48|ackmuste|ther
a||ow|mmed|atepaetrat|oabythek|agortraas |atothe
ma|a||aew|th45...ke6.)45g5|5 +q5+ (a|ter
46. . . k|6wh|te'sk|aghasareadroutetotheueeas|de47
Ne4+ kg7 48kd4|kh6 49k5b5| ! 50b a4 5Ibxa4
Nb6+ 5kc6Nxa4 53Naadwh|tew|as.)47h6kg6 4h7
kg7 49kd4kh8 50kc
2
Nc4| etc.)50b4| b4 5Ia5 N|7 52kc7 aad the apawa
caaaotbstoppd.j47kc4NO 48kb5Nq4 49Kke6 (l|
97
49... kg5,wh|te'saawagetstorua.50b4! b4 5Ia Ne5
52a6Nd7+ 53kc7.)50ka5N|6 5IkoNh5 52aN|4 53
a6Nd5+ 54kb7kd7 55a7Nc7 56b!aadwh|tew|as,s|ace
8|ack|sde|ease|eaga|asthew|aa|agadvaaceo|thebpawa
to o.
4Kc4 Ke6
g5.
8ecauseo|zugzwaag8|ackhastoa||owe|therkb5or
47 gS! h 4 NxS+ Kf
1hew|a|sustasthemat|ca|ter48... k|5.49NO! k|6
50Nd4kg5 5INb5!Ne6 52kd5Nc5 53Nd4kh5 54kc6
kg5 55K.
49 Ne4+ Kg7 SO Nc3! Kh6 51 NdS Ne6 52 Nxb6 KxhS 53
Nd7 KgS 54 Nc Nc7 SS Nb7 K MNxaS wh|tew|as.
Section 5:
Te Stronger Side Canot Force (Create) A Passed Paw
1herecaabeaaumbero|reasoaswhyapassedpawa
caaaotbe|orceduadersat|s|actorycoad|t|oas|rom aoae
awaadvaatageps|t|oa1hetwomot |mprtaatreasme
|a |ocat|oa(tede|ead|agk|aghasthemoreact|ve |oca-
t|oa) aadpawacoa||gurat|oa (thestroagers|de'spawasare
backward,b|okadedorpart|yb|okadedoub|ed). 1h|sxc-
t|oaw|||coas|der|ourthemat|cs|tuat|oas.
1he|o| |ow|ag|mportaatpr|ac|p|eshou| da|waysbe
remembered. if the stronger side cannot turn its one pawn
advantage into a ufl passed pawn, its winning chancs are
sigfcntly reduced. Oen there is no win.
Our||rsteamp|e,D|agram57,k.Regaa - m.Rohde,
New York (marsha||o|chberg) lateraat|oaa| I977, a|ter
8|ack's49thmove,shows8|ackhaad|cappedbyboth o|the
|actors meat|oaed above. C|ear|y,wh|te'sk|a
|sthemore
act|veoae|agett|agtothequceas|de.8|ack'skmg|sa|mto
98
|arbackatprcscattocqcct to pcactratc wh|tc's k|ags|dc.
morcovcr,tocrcatcaspasscdpawaoathc
(
uccas|dc,|ack
w|| | havctobrcakw|th... b3,thcrcbysacr|||cmgapawa.1hc
s| |vcr||a| aghcrc|sthatthcrcsu|t|agpasscdc-pawaw| | | bca
|aradvccdoacaadth|sprcvcatswh|tc'sk|a|romwaadcr-
| agtoo|ara||c|d.myovcra||cva|uat|oa|s.h|tchas|a|r
pract|ca|draw|agchaacc,but8|ackprobab|yhasathcorct|ca|
w|a.
D|agram57
50 Ke2
8oth acccssarytoprcvcat thc thrcatcacd50. . . b3 aad
dc|rab|cs thatthck|agcaahcad|orc4.
50 WNc
A|tcrthcmorcact|vc50. . . Nd5,wh|tcdocsbcstb
b|agact|vch|mx||. 5I kd| (5I !| wcakcasthc ka|dc
5I. . .N|4+ 52kc4Nxg2 53kxb4
c 54kxc3NO 5kc4|
Nxh2 56kd5 aadthcpasscdcpawa shou|dg|vc su|||c|cat
couatcrchcctosqm|c8|ackoathck|ag|d.
51 Kd3 Ne+
1hcrcsccms | |tt|c |o|c |a push|ag wh|tc's k|ag |or-
ward.morctothco|at|sI. . .|5 , c.g.5kc4k|6,whca 53
kc5!!|src|utcdby3... b3.
52 Kd4 f 53 Ne8+
9
wh|tccorrcct|ya|mstouxh|ska|ghttogoa|tcrthcb
pawa.O|coum,53kxc5!!|a||sto53...b3.
53 WW K
1houghat||mt
|aaccthctcxtappamtob|eact|vc
thaa53... kh6,ccatra|iz|ag thc k|ag|s thc morc |og|ca| ap
proach.
S4 Nc7 Ng4?
8uttrad|a
o||thcquccas|dcpawas|orjustthch-pawa
|sabadbarga|asmcc8|ackr|sksw|ad|agupw|thathcorct|ca|
|yqu|tcdrawacad|ag.
1hccorrcctp|aa|sto ho|doatothcquccas|dcpawas
|oras|oagasoss|b|cstart|agw|th54...Nc6 +! .lorcxamp|c.
55kc4k|6! 6Nd5+!! kc5 57NxbNxb4 58kxbkd4! 59
g3 kc3! ! 60kb3! (60kxc3! |oscsto60... 5 6Ih4gh4 62
gh4|463 h5|3 64h6O 65h7|I =Q h8=QQaI+ |o|-
Nc4+fo||owcdby57NQ5.
lo D|aram59,V.Korchoo| B. Spass[, Soch| I966,
aftcrB|ack's 9th movc, W|tc's chcc arc p rfortum|o
h|scxtrapawooothcquccos|o |otoav|ab|cpawdpawo. lo
add|t|oo,Wh|tc'spawocoof|urat|oo |s]ustto|of|cxb|cto
d|rcct|y accomp||sh aoyth|o by pawo advaoccs. Thcrcforc,
Wh|tcshou|d |cavc h|spawsa|oocaod a|m ntforpoctra
t|oo| otoB| ack'ss|dcofthc board.Soph|st|catcdK|oaod
Ko|htmaocuvcrsw| | | bcrcqu|rcdtomakcprorcss. Gm
Korchoo|'smaocuvcr|o- ut|||z|othcwho|cbard |softhc
h|hctordcr.
D|aram59
IO3
S|occWh|tc'sKo|ht|spr|yp|accdoothccdcofthc
baord,thcntstcpshoudbtoct|tccotra||ud.
50 Ne2! g5 51 Kd3 b5?!
Acootrovcrs|a|movc.Oothcoochaod,|tprcvcotsa4
aodprcttymuchcosurcthatB|ack'smopawoscaoho|dback
Wh|tc's t
2Kc6 69Kh3whcoB|ackw|||
ootbc ab|c tokccp out Whttc's K|owh||c s|mu|taocous|y
protcct|o thcwca b aod dpawos. or cxamp|c, 69. . . Nh6
thcpawoaftcr7ONa oocmorccxamp|cofthcfau|ts
|o5I...b5!| .
Coov|occdthatp |vcdcfco|shop|c ,Gmp ky
dcc|dcsto act|vatch|sKo|ht.Th|s,howcvcr,a| |ows h|tcs
K|otocttothccurc|a|buarc.
6l WW Nc4 62 Nd3! Ke
By oow |t's too |atc for thcKo|ht to tryto rcturo.
62... Na5 63Nc5| Kc6 64Kb2Kf5 65 a3Kf4 66 Kb4 aod
Wh|tc w|os. Thus B| ack'sK|o |mmcd|atc|yhcadsforthc
K|og|dc.
63 Kb3! Nd+ 6 K Nl
Pcrhaps a b|tofabcttcrpractical try |s64... Nx!| as
thco thc |mmcd|atc 65 Kxb5!| a| |ows 65... 4| w|th cxcc||cot
couotcrchcc. lostcad,Wh|tcoccdtof|ntp|ay65NQ| aod
oo|ythcocapturcthcbpawo.
Nf K 6 Nb3
Wh|tcp|aosto protcctthc cpawo]ust|oocoouhto
b ab|ctotco0thc bpawo aodstartthcapawooo |tsruo.
P|vcp|aybyB|ack|saa|ohop|c..6... Kf6 67NI K5
68Nc2Nd2 69 Kxb5N 7Oa4ctc.B|ack,thcrcforc,scods
h|sK|o|otoWh|tc'sp|t|oo,cvcoatthccotof|v|oupaoy
drcamsofhav|oap cdpawo.
IO5
6 WW.4 67 f4+ K4 6 Nf+ Kf 69 Ndl Ke2 70 K!
Thckcy,cvcrs|occMKb,hasbcototumthcapawo
|otoat|cr. Thctcxtcoab|th|s,thcocxtmovccosurc|t.
70 WWKdl 71 Kb! Kc2 72 a4 B|ackrc|os.
Thca-pawocao'tbcstoppcd.72... Nxc3 73 a5Nc4 74
a6 Nd6 75a7.
D|aram6
Aoothcr uoba|aoccd pawo coof|urat|oo |s showo | o
D|agam6, A.Ador]ao O. skov,BaocuxI975,aftcrB|ack's
25th movc. Thc k|od ofs|tuat|oo cp|ctcd happcos oftco
coouhtobccoos|dcrcd|mportaot.h|t'scxtrapawo |s|o
thcform of aoorma|3Pv. 2P quccos|dc ma]or|ty, thouh
w|thout aoy ocar tcrm prospccts ofcrcat|o a passcd pawo
thcrcfrom. Oo thcothcrs|dc ofthc boar thc pawo story
cmstob a|| B|ack's. apawdc-pawowh||ch|s-pawo cao
haod|cbthofWh|tc's-pawos.
Thcrcforc dyoam|cfactonbcomcthcs||caotooc.
B|ack'sK|o |sshuotcdoffto ooc comcrofthcbardd h|s
Ko|ht m|sp| accd oo cxact|ythc othcrcorocr. As sooo as
Wh|tc act|vatcsh|sKo|ht,var|ousB|ackpawosw| | | bc | o
troub|c.
2 Ne4!
W|th a pwcrfu| ccotra| |oat|oo. thcKo|ht thrcatcos
I0
tooto5tocaturcthccpawodtoctomcoaccbththc
h aodcpawos.omcth|ohto|vc.
2 WWWNc7?!
As so oftco ha
[
pcos |o ao actua| amc, thc dcfcodcr
chooscsa | | ocwhcrcmhchassomccouotcrchaoccs hcrc
com|ofrom ho|d|oootothccpawo. Ncvcrthc|c , thccot
|svcryh|h. Wh|tcobta|osa3Pvs.Pquccos|dcma]or|tyaod
B|ack's apawo rcma|osw|ocrab|c. Bcttcrchaocc for adraw
wcrctobchadw|ththc dcfcos|vc aod cxchao|o26... b5| 27
b5b5 2N5+ Kg 29Nxc6Kf6 YNd4Nc.Thcsma||
oumbcrofpawos rcma|o|oaod thc offcos|vc |mpotcocc of
Wh|tc's cxtrapawo mcaothatWh|tcfacc r|oustccho|ca|
d|ff|cu|t|c |o rca||z|o
oss|b|cdcfcosc
badoo... b Wh|tcaa|othrcatcos2Nc5aod2Nd6)aod
thc oo|yway to savc thc bawo |s27. . . Nb5 28 Nc5 Nd6,
a||ow|othccpawo too.Back |s rc|uctaot to p w|th that
pawo bccausc h|s drcams of couotcrp|ay wou|d bc dashcd.
Ncvcnhc|c ,|twasthcr|htdcc|s|oo.
27 ... K6?! 2 Nd6 K 29 Kl! KeS 30 Nxb7 Kd4 31 Kf g6
Thc baokruptcyof B|ack's ' ' couotcrp|ay'' stratcy |s
dcmoostratcd by thc cho|cc ofthc tcxt movc. B|ack has oo
mcao|ofu|wayofprcss|ogao attackaodthcrcforc sat|sf|cs
h|msc|f|osafcuard|ogthcpawoaa|ostapotcot|a|Nc6+
(c..3I...Nd5 32Nd8 33No+)M
32 Nd8 eS 33 Nc+ Ke4 34 c4
Kccp|oB| ack'sKo|htawayfromboth b5 aod d5. lt
hastochfor|oocrroutcoow.
34 WW Ne8 35 Ke2!
IO7
Thc ccotra| |zcd K|o b|okadc thcpasscdpawo aod
kccpB|ack'sK|ooutofthcquos|o.
3S ... Nd6 36 b Nf 37 g4 Nh4
Ruos|otoaprcttyrcfutat|oo.B|ackhadooth|osat|s-
factory,yway.ThcK& P codamcaftcr37... Nd4+ 3Nxd4
|shop|c aod37... g3+ 38 Kf4 a||owW|tc to cho
btwcco39Nc7,39N
aod39b.
38 Nxe! B|ackrc|os.
H|sKo|htctstrappcdaftcr38... Kxc5 393N2 4O
K.
I0
Par 11
Positional Considerations
Ofcounc,p|t|oo coos|dcrat|oo a|cx|st|os|tuat|oos
whcrcooc s|dc has amatcr|a| advtac dmoostratcd |o
maoyofthccxamp|cs|oPartl. Ncvcrthc|css,thccootro|||o
c|cmcot|oPlwashav|oamatcr|a| advaotac. loth|spart
thckcyfcaturc|ss|t|ooa||ooaturc.
BccauscthcKo|ht |sashortraocp|ccc,thcrc |s ooc
ma]ord|ffcrcoccbtwccoKo|htcodamcaodthoofothcr
p|ccc. thc|ocrccd|mrtccofp cdpawos.Thcrcforca
coos|dcrab|c amouotot|mcw|||bcspcotoopasscd pawos
aodth|s|sthcntsub]ccttobcoos|orcd.
I0
CHAPER 5: PASED PAWS
Section 1: Te Role of Pass Pawns General Considerations
ThcK|ht'scharactcr|st|havcbthaos|dcaoda
bads|dc|ocodamcw|thpawdpawos.
Good side = Bccauscof|tsf|cx|b|||ty,thcKo|htcaocootro|
aoysquarc | ofroot of|tspasscdpawo aodthcrcbyhc|p |t
advaocc.
Bad side = Bccau|t|sashortraocp|ccc,thcKo|htcaooot
hc|p|tspasscdpawo advaocc uo|css |ta|rcady |sc|osc to |t,
corrcpod|o|y,thcK|hthasrcat prob|cms |ocatch|oup
toafaradvaoccdcocmypawdpawo.
Thctwococra|s|tuat|oosarc. !. )oo|yoocs|dchasa
passcdpawo,ll.)bths|dchavcpascdpawos.
l. Only One Side Has A Passed Pawn
lfthcpasscdpawo|ssccurcaodthcdcfcodcrsarcoot
ocar,th|s|vcscxcc| |cotw|oo|ochaoccs. Apart from thc
obv|ouss|tuat|oowhcrcthcpawo quccosbyforcc,whatoftco
happos|sthat thc dcfcoonrush tostop thc p dpawo,
thcyarcforccdto |cavco
j
oaroadthrou wh|chthccocmy
forcccao|of|||tratcdcc|stvc|y|otoaoothcrpartofthcbard.
D|aram6I
I IO
Aocxcc||cotcxamp|c|sfromD|aram6I, P.Bcoko S.
Tartakowcr,Budapcst 48,aftcrB|ack's39thmovc.B|ack's
passcd pawo oo d4 |s |so|atcd aod mayap
[
car''s|ck|y'',yct
Wh|tc'sp|cccarcoot |o ap|t|oo tocffccttvc|ycopw|th |t.
B|ackuorcdao|ostruct|vcw|ofo||ow.
4Nel
Octt|orcadytob|okaoood.OM Bcoko'sAoa|y|s
showsthatthca|tcmat|vcarcoobttcr.
a)4Of4d 4Ic5 Nxf4| 42cxd6 Kf7 43 Nc3 d2 44 K3
Nxd5 45Nd| KodB|ackw|os.
b) +K3 K6 4I f4 Nx4+| | 42 Nx4 Kc5,whco''Wh|tc's
chaocc|okd|m''(Bcoko).
4 ..W K 41 Nd3
Thc |o|ca| fo||ow upto thc prcv|ous movc. Thcrc |s
||tt|cpo|ot|o4I NO d 4K2 N+ 43 KfI h6| Kc|
Nh3| 45 b3 5 46 hx5+ h5 47 Kd2 4 48 Nh2 Nx2
w|tharout|ocw|o(Bcoko).
41 .. .g!
B|ackmustworkto|of||tratcw|th h|s K|oora|tcroa
t|vc|ycrcatctwow|dc|yscparatcdpasscdpawos. ThusB|ack
w|osrout|oc|yaftcrboth 42 Kh3 Nf4+ 43 Nx4 4 44
K4 d 45 K Kc5 aod42 5+ K5 43 c5 (othcm|
4. . . Nf4w|os)43. . . dxc5 55 d6 Nf6 45 Nxc5 Kf5 (46 d7
Nxd7|)ctc.
42 K g4 4 f4
Wh|tchopcsto bu||dao |mprcoab|cwa||,but B|ack
omoostratcthatthcu|t|matckcytothcp|t|oo|sh|spawd
d-pawo.
4 Wb3+! 4 K3 Nx4+! 4 Nx4 Ke 4 K Ke 47
Ng KdS
B|acka|rcadyhasthrccpdpawosfor thcp|ccc aod
Wh|tc's Quccos|dc rcma|os |ocfcos|bc. For|ostaocc,4 b3
I I I
d fo||owcd by 49...Kd4. Wh|tc'sK|ocoot hc|
[
thc Ko|ht
oothcQuccos|dcasthcothchpawow|||ruo.Whttc|s|ot.
48 K Kc4 49 Nf4 Kb3 50 Nd3 d5 51 Nb4 Kb2 52
Nxd5 K 53 Nc7 K! 54 Ne Kc 55 Nc7 Kc4 B|ack
woo.Thc|astmovcsarcootava||ab|c. A||kc|ycodcou|dbc
56Na6 b 57Kc2 b3 58 Kd2 d 59 Kc| h5ctc.
Evcowhcothcdcfcodcrsarcwc|| p|cascd,thc
[
asscd
pawo |s usua||ya tao|b|c advaotac. Coos|dcr oow Dtagam
62, L.Po|uacw[ H. Mcck|o, I977 Match,Oamc I I, aftcr
B|ack's39th movc.Wh||cthc dpawo c bcurc|yb|okad-
cd,B|ackhasptcot|a| |o|trat|oo routcv|ab df4. Wh|tc
thcrcforcmustdcfcodvcrycarcfu||y. Thcntstcp|stob|ok-
aoood.
D|aram62
4 Nc! Kd6 41 Nd3!
Wh|tcp|aycdth|smovc qu|ck|y, thus forc|oB|ackto
sca| h|s rcspoosc. Th|swastob amostd|ff|cu|tcc|s|ooas
B|ackhasat|castfourrcoab|cmovc.Morcovcr,thcoaturc
ofthcp|t|oo |ssuch thatthcvar|at|ooscootbca|cu|atcd
to acooc|us|oo|othcvcry | | m|tcdt|mc(Ihour)ava| |ab|c.
Thus,B|ackhtorc|ymot|yooh|s|otu|t|oo.OMPo|uacv-
s[scood,OMV|ad|m|rBa|rov,hadtodthchcavya|y-
s|s work dur|othc ad]ouromcotaod haspub||shcdh|sf|od
|og.Whatthcyshow|sthatthcad]oumcdps|t|oo |scxtrcmc
|ycomp||catcd.Whatlw|||bc|vm|sooythcma|o| |ocsof
Ba|rov'swork.
I I2
41. Nc6!
Thccxtcos|vc aoa|y|sshowcdthatthctcxt |sthcbcst
wayto rcta|o w|oo|ochaocc. Thc |o|ca| a|tcmat|vcarc. I)
41 WW Nxd3?! wasthcamccoot|ouat|oowh|ch |cdto arathcr
c|car|ydrawoK&Pcodamc. 42Kxd Kc5 43a5| Kb444
Kxd4 K3 45 Kd5 K + a6 Kb5 47 Kc6 K6 4 K6
h6 49 Kc5| Kb5 5O f4| 4 5I Kx4 a5 52 Kc3 Kc5 53
h4 Kd5 54 Kd Kc5 Draw.
2) 41 W Na2: 42 Kd2 43 Kc2 a5 4 Kb2 Nc 45 Kc2 Nc2
46 b4| NI 47 bxa5 Nx3 48 Nb4+ Kc5 49 a6 Kb6 5O
Nd5+ Kxa6 5I Nx6 Nxh2 52 Kd Ka5 53Kxd4
Kxa4w|thcqua||ty,asthcK|og|dcpawosw|||a| od|p-
par.
3) 41. NdS: 42 NQ Kc5| 43 Nc4+ Kb 4 Kd K3 45
Kd4 Nf4 46 a5| Kb4 47 a6 Kb5 48 Nx6 Kxa6 5O Kc4
w|th cqua| chaoccs. Bccausc of h|s act|vc pos|t|oo, Wh|tc's
K|o |swc||p|accdtocopcw|th thcapawo,wh||c thccxtra
K|og|dcpawo|vcWh|tccoutcrp|ayoothcK|og|o.
Thc |mponaotpractical qucst|oo,ofcoursc,|showto
sc|cct4I ...Ncfrom thcmazc oposs|b|||t|csasB|ack'sbcst
movc.ABa|rov'sworkhshowo,thcrc |soorca|subst|tutc
fort|mcaodcffort.Yctwhco|odoubt,st|cktobas|cpr|oc|p|c.
oo dthcKo|ht |sccotra||yp|accd wh||cprotcct|othcva|u-
ab|cpascdpawo.
42 Nf Kc! 4 Nd3+
Wh|tcmustf|rstpract|ccdcfcos|vcmcasurcs,s|occ43
Nc4+!Kb4 44 Kd3 Kxb3 45 Nx6 h6| 46 N8 Kxa4 47
Nxh6 Kb3| |cavcsB|ack'sK|otooact|vc,comparcdtoboth
thcvar|at|oosaftcr4I...Nd5aothc|atcrma|o||oc.
43 ... KdS 4 Nf aS! 45 Ne4 h6! 4 Nxf6+ Kc 47 Kd3
K 4 Ng8
S|occ |o thc |ooruo thcs|tuat|oo oo thc Quccos|dc |s
hop|c ,Wh|tcmustcrcatccouncrchaoccoothcK|og|o.
II3
4 W Kb3 49 NU6 Kxa4 S ND Kb3 51 N@ a4 51 Ne
Nb+!
Wh| tc |ssafc aftcr52 . . . a3 53Nd2+. 53. . . Kb2! | 54
Nc4+, 53 ... Kb 54 Kc2.Thcrcforc,B|ackp|ayouth|sma]or
trump.s|occthcR|sthcmotd|mcu|tpawforthcKo|htto
stop,B|acka|mstomob| ||u|ta qu|ck|ya ps|b|c.
53 Kxd4 a
D|agam6
Thc obv| ous 54 Nc3! docs oot | osc to thc faoc
54. . . Nd5!(w|ththc|dca55Nxd5 a2)bccauscof555| Nc3
56 lostcad,thcprm|c54... Nc6+ 55 Kd Nc5+ 56 Kd4
N
crs,Wh|tc'sbcsttrywas9Kd6|
Nxb3 IOc7,but|ackst|||wmsaftcr IO ... Kb7| I I Kd7 Nc5+
I2 Kd8 aI=Q I3c8=Q+ Kb.
9 WWa1 =Q 10 c7 Qg7+ 11 Kd6 Qf+ 12 KdS Qx+ 13
Kc Qc8 14 Kd6 Qe8 15 Na4 Kb7 Wh|tcrc|os
A far advaoccd passcd pawo cao cas||youtwc|h thc
matcr|a|d|sadvaotacofapawo.Th|s|swc|||||ustratcdfrom
D|agam65,A.Sydor l.Dodmao,Wanaw I98,tcrB|ack's
54thmovc.Wh|tchasaocxtrapawodtwopdpawos,but
B| ack'sfar advaoccdpasscdpawo |sfu||compcosat|oo.P|ay
coot|oucd.
D|aram65
SS c4
I I6
Shonoft|mc,Wh|tcdcc|dcto mob|||ubthofh|sp d
pawos.Th|sshou|d havcbcosu0|c|cottodraw,yctas|mp|cr
wa |s|vcoby OM Dodmao.55 Kb3 Kc5 56 Kc2 d Wh|tc
hoaftcrbth56...Nxc4 57Nxc4 Kxc4 58Kd2 Kf459 KcI
K4 6OKQ| h5 6Ic4 h4 62c5aod56...Kf4 57Kd2| K3
58 KcI.
55 Kc 56 K Kd4 57 c Ne! 58 c Ke 59 Nl t 6
Nx
Thcotyawomustbc||m|oatcd. lo thcamcWh|tc
|aycdthcr|d|cuous6ON3!!!aod|ostaftcr6.M.Nd4+ 6I
c4 Nxc6 62Kd5 Kf4| 6 NfI Nc5 645 NO 65 c5Nxc5
6Kd4Nf Wh|tcrc|os.
6 WWWK 61 Kc4 K
Thcrcarc oow|oo|ochaoccsaftcr6I . . . Kc3,c..62
Kd5 Nc7+ 6Kc5fo||owcdby6K5.
62 Kd5 Nc7+ 6 Kd6 Nb+ 6 Kc Na7
Thcoo|ytry for aw|othouhfrauhtw|thsomc r|sk,
s|occthcKo|ht|sp|accdoothccdc.AItcr64...Nc7,Wh|tc
drawsw|th65Kd6or65c5.
6e
D|aram6
Th|scodamcshowsoff thc rcat d|ff|cu|tythatthc
I I7
Koiht has |o cop|ow|th asscdpawos. !ostcad ofthc tcxt
|os|o|s65Kb!
ct |oto thcw|oo|o||ocw|th
6... KcI 7N2 Kd2 8Nh4 Kc! 7Nd5| | Nc8 8Nf4 Nb6 9
Nd5. Thc amc was oowca||cdadraw, thouh B|ackcou|d
havc coot|oucd to p|ay oo w|thout r|sk. Ncvcrthc|c , w|th
I2O
D|ar6
thcmat|cp|ayWh|tcdosdrawaftcr9..WNc8. IONf4Kd2 I I
Nxc2 Kxc2 I 2 Kc4 Kc3 I3Kb5 Kd4 (I3 . . . Kf4 I 4 Kxa5
K@5 I5Ka6 f5 I6Kb7|sa|drawo) I4Kc6| (Wh|tc|m
tcrI4K!! Kc5) I4...Kc5 I5 Kd7 Na7 I6Kc7,s|mp||fy-
|odowotocqua||qtcr I6... Kf5 I7K K5 I8Kc6|ctc.
Ng+
Aftcr5NO+ KdI | thczg|s|ostaotcous.
S WW K! 6 Ne+ Kgl! 7 Nc K 8 Kc
!ust as uopa|atab|c |s 8Ka3 cI=Q 9NxcI IO Kb3
Kd2 ctc.
8 WWW Nd5+ 9 Kc4 Nxc7 10 Kc Ne6+ 11 Kb6 Nd4 B|ack
w|os
Scct|oo2. Outide Pas Paw
lt|swc| | koowothat |o K|oaodpawo codamcs,thc
s|dcw|ththcouts|dcawdpawohama]oradvaotac.Thc
rco |s thatwh||ctcofcod|oK|o|ssto
[
p|oth|spawo,
thcothcrK|ocaopcoctratc|otothcothcrsdcofthcboard
aodcocra||ya|o coouh matcr|a| tow|o thc amc. Yct |o
Qucco aod pawo, Rook aod pawo aodB|shop aod pawo
codc,thcquct|ooofthcouts|dcpawdpawo|scocra||y
I2I
| rre|evaat.A|| theseare |oagraagcp|cccsaad thushavcao
d|mcu|ty|astop|agyk|ao|apadpawa|rom|araway.
However, |a iteadgc,thcouts|dc
dpawa aga|a
becomesas|ga||caat|actor.1hereasoa isthattheka|ght,
bc|agashortraagep|ecc,hasgrcatd||||cu|ty|astopp|ag|ar
awaypasscdpawas.yde||a|t|oa,thcouts|depasscdpawa|s
thepaedpawa |anhctaway|rom thc majoru|t|mate xeae
o|act|oa.
Apr|cctcxamp|co|thcrca||mt|oao|thcadvaatagco|
hav|agthcouts|dpaedpawa|sshowa|rom D|agam D.
8roastc|a A. Ch|sqov, I978moowChamp|oash|p, a|tcr
8| ack's50thmovc.wh|te'spasscdgpawa |s muchgreatcr
threatthaa8|ack'spteat|a|p dc-pawaaadhcwoaa |o|-
|ows.
D|agram69
51 g!
Passcdpawasmustbpushcd!
51 WWW Nd4 52 g6 Ne 53 K!
lasu0|c|cat|s53g7!! Nq7 54kq7 c4aad8|ackhsa
ccrta|adraw.wh|tc,o|coum,waatstoqucea|oraoth|agaad
thcre|orew|th thctext movc prcveats 8|ack's threateaed
53... N|454g7 Nh5+, |o||owcdby55 .. .Nxg7.
53 WWW c4?
I22
Gm8roastc|aaowdcmoastratcsa|orccdw|a.lmC.
Crouchhas po|atcdout thatth| ags arc aotso c|car a|tcr
53...Nd4! . (I) 54k|6Nc6rcpatsthcps|t|oa,(2) 54NONc6
a|sosccmstoho|d,(3) 54g7 N|5 5g8+N c4g|vcs8|ack
sumc|catcouatcrp|. wh|tc'sw|aa|agchaacc rct oa|yw|th
54N|I!,work|agtocay8|ack'ska|ghtthccruc|a||5uarc.
S4 Ne4! Nd4
8|ack|ookstosacr|||ccthcka|htv|a|5.Oathcobv|-
ous54...b,w|aa|ag|sthcaoa-obv|ous5Nc5| | .55... kxc5(Or
55... c>bxc bxc 57 Nxc6 c2 58 N|4+ kc4 59Nc2) 6
kxc6 c6Ibxc3 bxc3 62 g7 c2 6 g8+Q cI =Q M Q8+.
55 Nc! !
Aga| athcrc |saoth| ag | a55g7 N|5 56 g8 =Q
Nh6+.
55 WNt
8oth55...kxc5aad55...a5arcmctby56k|6!aadthcg
pawacaaaotbprcvcatcd|romqucca|ag.
56 Nxa6 Nh4
Aads 8|acksuccccd|asacr|c|agthcka|ght,butthc
|actthatwh|tc'ska|ghthascapturcdoaa6g|vcwh|tcsu|
c|catmatcr|a|tow|a.l|56... c3,wh|tcw|asahcr57b3! d58
Nb4.
57 a3 Nxg6 58 Kxg6 Kd4 59 Nb4 c3 60 b3 c2!? 61
Nxc+ Kc
8|ackhassctaa|cctrap|atowh|ch acarc|css wh|tc
c|a|| . 62a4 bx4 6bxa4 kc4! Mkf6kc5 65kc6kb6!
6kd5ka5,w|thadraw.
62 Nal! 8|ackrc|gs
8othwh|tc'spawasarcsa|cdbr|ag|agbackthck|ag
w|ascas||y.
I2
D|agam70
Howcvcr,todcmoastratcthatthcouts|dp dpawa
|sadvaatagc,youmustactua||yttout|||n|t.A cxcc||cat
cxamp|co|what not to do |s showa |rom D| agram 70, S.
mm|aov|c- A. G|ps||s,8c|grad I%,wh|tcoamovc.wh|tc
hasap dbpawa,whcrc8|ack'scxtrapawoathck|ag-
s|dc,bc|agdoub|cd,w|||aotbcab|c tobccomcpasscd.Yct
aotchowwh|tcam|utc|ygoaowhcrc.
1 K?!
k|agccatra||mt|oaw|thIkO!|s|aordcr.
l WW .S 2 Kf?!
Log|ca||s2Nd4! kg6 3 Nc2,|o||owcdby4b.
2 WWW K6 3 Ke
Notcthat|thtcawh|tcthrccmove|astcado|thc
aorma|twotogo|romgItoc.Aga| a3Nd4! makcs morc
scax.
3 WWW K5 4 h3 Nc
A|tcr4...Nb,stroag|s5kd4! .
Kd?
I24
wh|tcapparcat|yhaotyctaot|ccdthathca|mha
ka|ht.Gow|aa|achccwcrcst|||tobhada|tcr5Nd4!
Nd5+6K kg6 7 c2,|o||owcdbyb.
s WWW Ne4! 6 g4+ Kg6 7 Ke
8|ackaowhascaoughcouatcrp|ay|orthcdrawaad|a
part|cu|arhcw|||a|sogctapasscdawa.Nobcttcrthaa thc
tcxtarc7Nd4 N|2+ 8kc3 N 9gx|5 + kh5! I0|xg5
N5 w|thcua||(mar|c)or75 bg
ht.
yetth|spwer|saoth|agcomparedtothatre|d|ag|awhrte's
outs|dp edpawas.h|tehawoaps|t|oa.
4 K 4 N!
1heka|ghtheadsbacktostopthemostdaagerous
padpaw.theepawa.
4 W e 47 Nc! e4 Draw!!!
whatacur|ousa|sh!A|terwh|te's47th movcLama
o||eredadraw,whereupoa1a|maaovcorrect|yaskedh| mto
||rstmakeh|smove.Lamead|daada|ter30m|autesthought
1a|maaovacce
ted.l a|act,a|tere|theroaeo|h|saorma|
move,wh|tewmsby|orce.(I) 48 b e 49Nxe kxe 5
b5 Nd5 5Ih5aadtheh-pawaqueeas.
(2) 4a4 e 49NeI+! (Not49Nxe! kxe 5 a ke4! 5I
a6 Nd5,stopp|aga| | o|wh|te'spawas.) 49... ke4 50a kd5
5INc2! e2+ 52K kc5 53 + kb5 54Nd4+I K 55
Nxe2aadoaeo|theRokpawasw|||bv|ctor|ous.
1heRookpawa|sby|arthemostd||||cu|toae|orthe
k|ghttostop.1herearemoreas|orth|s.l|nt|y,|t|sthe
mostouts|depawa.Secoad|y,oacetheRhreachedthe 7th
I27
D|qram73
raak,theka|ghtby|tse||caaaotcopw|ththeeaemyk|agaad
thusw|||go |ost.Ac|eaacr|spexamp|eo|the ||rstreasoa |s
show|romD|agam73,V||e|a August|a,PragueI98,wh|te
oamove.wh|teoa|yhoaepawad|t|soa|yoathe|ourth
raak.Yetb|agthea-pawa,|tw|as.
1 Kc! !
8|ack'ska|ghtby|tx||w|||aotbab|etostopthepawa
aad |t |s | mperat|vetopreveatthek|ag|rom he|p|agout.
lasumc|eat|sI a!bcauxo|I. ..kd6! 2a6 Ne5!|oI|owedby
3... Nc6.
l WWW f
Putt|agh|shooathe|pawa,s|acetheka|ghtcaaaot
getac,e.g. 1. ..Ne 2a6 Nd7+ 3kc6! Nb8+ kb7aad
tewms.
2 a f4 3 a6 t 4 Nc4!
whcreas8|ack'ska|ghtcaaaothaad|etheRokpawa,
the|couts|de8|shoppawa|saoprob|em|orwh|te'ska|ght.
4 f S Nd2 Nf 6 Kc!
Care|sa|waysrequ|red.1he|mpat|eat6a7! a||ows
6... Ne4+!aadadraw.
I2
6 WWW Ne 7 Nf 8|ackre|gas
D|agam74
1hc ua|ucpowcro|a RP oa thc 7th raak caa bc
dcmoastratcd rom D| agram 74, k|k| |ashv| | | - Ncuroaov,
.S.S.R.I977,wh|tcoamovc.lacar||crp|ay,wh|tchadcr|-
||ccdthrcc(!)awastogcth|shpawaoathc7th. 1h|sshou|d
havcocasuc|cattodraw.P|aycoat|aucd.
1 K!
wh|tc'sk|agwaatstogcttog7wh|chw||||orcc8|ack's
k|ghttog|vcupwatchovcrtckcyh8squarc.
l WWW c 2 K4 c4 3 N! !
wh|tc'ska|ghtmustbcp|accdsothat|tcaacomb|ac
c||cct|vc|ydc|casc aado||casc. la thcgamcwh|tcput thc
ka|ghtoa ac|umsys
(
uarc w|th3Nb2! ! . A|tcr3. . . c5 hc
comm|ttcdak|ag|acgcrror,4k|5!,aad|ostas|o||ows.
4. . . Nh8! 5kc6 4 6NdI c4 7kxc7 |5 8k|6 c3 9Nxc3
kxc3 I0k5(A|tcrI0kg1 c3 I I kxh8 c2 I2kg8 cI =Q
I 3h8=Q Qc8+ 8|ack's|pawa|sthcw|aacr.)I0 ... c3 I I k|6
c2 I2kg7 cI=Q I3 kxh8 k|4! I4kg7 kg5! I5 h8=Q
Qc7+ Ikg8 kg6 aadwh|tcre|gacd.
Howcvcr,|astcado|4k|5!, thcmorcd|rcct4kh5!
sccmstodraw. 4. . . c4 5NdI ! kd4 6kg6 Nh8+ 7kg7 c3
(Atcr7...e!!!8Nxe kxe 9kxh8 c I0kg7 c2 I I 8=Q
cI=Q I2Qh6+ 8|ack'sQucca|s|ot.) 8Nxckxc9kxh8
I29
c I0kg7 e2 I I h8=Q eI =Q I2Q8+| kb3| I3Qb7+ I4
Qd5+ aadwh|te'sthreatso|perpetua| checkw||||orcethe
ga|ao|thee-pawaaadw|th|tadraw.
3 WW Kc7
Lqua||y|astruct|ve|sthe|aya|ter3... kc5 4Nc2 c3 5
K5| kd6 6k ke6 7k7 daowtheka|ghtheadto
de||ectb|ack's|ag|rom e|easeo|h|ska|ght 8NeI | |4
(Or8... e4 9Ng2||o||owedbyI0N|4+.) 9N| c2 I0Nc5+
K5 I I Nb3|,w|th8|ackhav|agaoth|agbtterthto acqu|-
esce |atherepet|t|oao|movca|ter I I . .. ke6 I2Nc5+ etc.
(a|y|sbyGu|e|daadm|||c).
4 KS! Kd7 5 NdS! Kd6
ead| ag back w|th 5. . . ke8 |s|o| |ed by the act|ve 6
Nc7+. (I) 6... 7Ne6+ ke8 8Nc7+ etc., (2) 6... kd8 7
Nd5 e6 8kg6| Nh8+ 9kg7| aad8|ackmustrushtodraw
w|th9. . . ke8| (I0Nm6+ ke7 I I Ng8+ ke8 I2kxh8 k|8
etc.).
6 Nc3! f 7 Kg6 Ke6 8 Kg7! Nh8! 9 Na41! f4 10 Nc+
KdS 11 K8 t 12 Drawa
8oths|dcw|||queea,w|ththercu|t|agQ +Nv. Q +
3Peadgameo||er|ag8|ackaorea|w|aa|agchaaces(aaa|y|s
byGu|e|daadm|||c).
O|coum,examp|csuchtheprev|ousoaearerare|a
pract|ca|p|ay.Yet,aa|mportaatparto|aaymaster'sbago|
tr|cks|oreadgep|ay|sthekaow|edgethataR|athero|e
o|aaouts|depassedpawacaaturaarouadaaotherw|serou-
t| aeeva|uat|oao|apos|t|oa.Aa|astruct|veexamp|e|rom
pract|ca|p|ay|sshowa|romD|aam75,L. meda|s- Sp [,
or|dStudeat Champ|oash|p,aI958, a|ter 8|ack's40th
move.8|ack |sapawa upaad wh|tecaa'trega|a |tw|th4I
Nxg5! becauseo4I. ..Nc5.Neverthe|ess, |t |s wh|te who |s
s|ga|||caat|ybetterbecause o|the poteat|a|o|creat|ag a
p edapawa.1hegamewtobaouedhereaadwh||el
wasprepar|agto sea|, GmSpass[o||eredmeadraw. l re
|used|tv|axa||agmymove
I30
D|agram75
41 a!
1he| mmed| ate 4I Nd6! has aopuach because o|
4i . . . b6.8uta|terthetext42Nd6becomesathreatwh|ch
caaaotbeparr|ed.8|ackhastotryto||adawaytom|a|m|ze
thedamagetocome.
41. K!
Atera|u||a|ghto|aaa|y|s8|ackadtheoa|yconect
de|ease, act|vat|agthe k|ag aad b|ockad|a wh|te's to-be
passedapawabyp|ac|agthe ka|ghtoa a. 1hea wh|te's
paedpawa|skeptbacka |ma pss|b|e.
la|er|or|s4i ...b5! 42b4! , aadeveaa|ter8|ack'sbct
de|ease,42... k|8 43Nc5 ke7,w|th44a6! Nb6 45kOkd6
46ke4wh|teestab||shessuch atota| b|adovethepos|t|oa
that8|ack'ss|tuat|oa |s hope|ess. lor|astaace,46. . . Na8 47
kd4 kc7(or47.. .|6 48Ne4+ ke6 49kc5) 48Ne4 ko 49
Nq5 kxa6 50Nm,whea8|ack'sp|eccme |a ao coad|t|oa
tostopthegpawa.
42 Nd6 Nc!
1houghth|smayapparux|cs,s|acetheka|ghtdo
aotactua||yprotectthebpawa, Gm Spassky's aaa|y|shad
demoastated that hemust keeph|sk|ghta act|ve a ps|-
b|e.Aga|a|a|er|or|s42... b5! 43a6No ( 43... ke7! 4Nc8+
I3I
|o||owedby45a7.) a7 Na8 45Kke7 +Ne4 |6 47ke3
ke6 4kd4whea8|ackhaskepth|smater|a|advaatage,but|t
|s wh|tewho has awoa pos|t|oa.Athemat|cexam|e|or
ka|ghteadamesthea |s48...|5 49Nxg5+ k|6 50h7+!
kg6 5I+ kxh7 52kc5 kg7 53kxc6 k|6 54kb7aad
h|tewms. lasuchvar|at|oas,theaby ma||oat|oao|8|ack's
ka|ghtoaa8|sjusttomucho|aburdeatoovercome.
1here|ore,OMSpassky,atthecosto|h|sextrapawa,
traas|em theka|ghttothe much more super|or b|okad|ag
squareo|a6. l mustadm|stthat|amyaaa|ys|sl hadg|vea
scaatatteat|oatothetextmove g|v|agupapawawh| |est| | |
a||ow|agwh|teapassedapawajust|ookedobv|ous|yhope-
|ess. heoa|yexcuse|ormy|aatteat|oacou|dbeyouth l
wasoa|y2I!
4 Nx7! Na6
Obv|ous|ybth43... Nxb7!!&43... Nxb3!!|otoa6.
4 K Ke7 4 Ke4
So|arsogood- aadl|e|tqu|tecoa||deathere.wh|te
hastheouts|depassedpawaand theact|vek|ag. w|thsuch
obv|ousadvaatageswhyshou|da'twh|te have aa easyw|a!
whatreasoaab|emovesdoes8|ackhave!8|ack|osesapwa
a|ter45...ke6! +Nd8+, a|tere|ther45.. .|6or45...kd7,h|te
p|a+kd4!dthead|sp|acc8|ack'ska|ghtby47Nc5.
4 c!!
ltwasoa|yatterth|smovethatlrea||adthattheremay
aot be aw|a a|tera|| . 8|ackpreveatskd4 aad threateasto
wa|kovertoc7aadcapturewh|te'ska|ght.wh|tethere|ore
mustp|aye|ther+kd5or+ke5.
A|ter46 ke5 kd7! (Not46...|6+! 47k|5 kd7 48
k6 kc7 49Nxc5 Nxc5 50b4! aadwh|tew|as.) 47Nd6
8|ackdrawsbyaha|ras|o| |ows.47...|6+ 48kd5 Nc7 +! 49
kxc5 Na6 + ! ! (wh|teetsap|easaatQ + bpawa vs. Q
eadameatter49... Ne6+ ! Nko! kxd6 5Ia6 Nc7 52a7!
|5 3g5 g4 54 |6 g3 55 kb7!etc.)50kb6 kxd6 5Ikxa6
I32
|5 52g5 g4 53kb5 g3 54a6 g2 55a7 gI =Q 56a8=Q
Qc5 +! 57c4 Q4+! 58kb5 (8b QaI +) 58...Q5+
w|thprptua|chcck.
4 Kd f! !
D|agam76
w|thwh|tc'sk|agaowrcmovcdbyoac squarc|rom
thc k|ags|dc, 8|ack| mmcd|atc|ycstab||shcs couatcrp|ayby
crcat|agapacdpawathcrc.
47 Nxc
1hca|tcraat|vc|s47g5 g4! 48kc4 g3 49kO k|6
50kq3 k5whca8|ack'sact|vck|agcasurcthcdraw.1hc
sacr|cc52Nxc5 Nxc5 52b|sacutra||adby52 ... Nd7.
47 f4!
wh||c|t|stmcthatthck&Pcadgamctcr47...Nxc
4 kxc5 |4 49kd4 kd6|sdrawa,wh|tccdbttcrw|th49
a6! (|astcado|49 kd4) 49. . . |3 50 a7 |2 5Ia8=Q |I=Q,
whcathcQ&Pcadgamcw|thaacxtrapawa aadwc||p|accd
p|cccg|vccxcc||catw|aa|agchaacc.
8|ackthcrc|orcprc|crsto sta |a a ka|ght cadgamc
whcrc hchop thcp cdgpawsw|||g|vc|msuc|cat
couatcrchaaccs. 1hc uturcshowsGm Spassky to bc r|ght.
Obv|ous|yaow4 Nxa6|oxto4 ... g.
I33
4 Ne4 Kd8!
8| ack's k| ag must hc| p out thc ka| ght | a
stopp| ag]b|ockad|ag thc pawas. ut |a|cr|or |s 48. . . kd7!
bcauxa|tcr49N|6+ kc7 50Nq4wh|tc|s b|okad|agthc
gpawaoacuarccar||cr.
49 Kc
wchavc aa |astruct|vc aad thcmat|cpos|toawhcrc
wh|tc,|ac||cct,|sapawupaadcachs|dhasp dpawas
oaopps|tcw|ags.8c|agoa thcg|||c,8|ack'sp cdpawa |s
|ar caough away |rom thc Quccas|dc (aa outs|dc passcd
pawa)aadb|agoa|tshhraak|t|ssu|0c|cat|yadvaaccdto
s||caat|yt|cdowa wh|tc'ska|ght.l havc aotbcaab|cto
||adaw|aorwh|tc.
49 WW .3
1hcrcw aoaccd|orth|ssacr|||ccaada|mao appar
catbac||t|rom |t.Pcrha
p
s8|ackwaatcdtomakcsurcthat|a
somcacbu|ous|uturchcisaotthwancd |aasta|cmatcb|dby
aacxtragpawa.
SO Nxg3 Kc8 Sl Ne4 g4 52 K
Or52kb5 Nc7+ 53ka4 kb7 54b4 kc6aadb|ack
hasasu0|c|cat|ymb|okadc.1hcaa|tcr55Nc3 g3 56b5+
kb7! (A|tcr5. . . Nxb5! 57Nxb5 g2 58Nd4+ kd5 59NO
kc4 NNg|wh|tcw|asbyoactcmpo.) 57Nc2(57b6 Nd5!
58Nc2 Nxb6draws.) 57. . . Nxb5! 58kb5 g28| ackhas a
thcorct|ca|draw.
S2 WWW N 53 KbS
Nc|thcr|sthcrcaw|aa|tcr53a6 kb8.
S3 WWW Nc 54 Kc?!
1h|sa||ows8|acktosctupab|ockadc.8|ack'stask
wou|dbccoas|dcrab|ymorcd||||cu|ta|tcrthc|mmcd|atc54
b4!,though54... kb7shou|dho|d,c.g.55ka4 Nd4 56b5 Nc2
IM
57Nc5+ kb8 58Nd g59NcI N|4 mo 6INO Nd5
62kb5 Nc7+! 6bxc7+(Or6kc6 Na6!) .. kxc7 Mka6
kb8aad8|ackjustdraw.Notcthatbthhcrcaad|athcvar|a
t|oag|vcaahcrwh|te's52admovc,wh|te'sprob|cm|sthathc
|s|c|tw|thaR.w|thaayothcrpawawh|tcwou|dw|a.
S4 WW K7 SS b K6! 56 Sg1 Sa
8|ack'sk|agdka|ghthavccxcc||catdc|cas|vc |oa
t|oasaadwh|tecaaaotmakcaayproge .
57 Se Sc Draw
A|tast|cdc|cas|vcpr|omaaccby8|ack!
Scct|oa3. Protete Passe Paw
1hc|ahcrcat|ysupr|orp cdpawatohavc |swhat |s
ca||cdthcprotected passed pawn, |.c.arasscdpawawh|ch|s
protcctcdbyaaothcrpawa.1hcva|uco thcprotcctcdpad
pawacomc|rom|mxcur|q,bcaux|tcaaaotbattaccdby
aaeacmpawaaad|tcaabccaputrcdbyap|cccoa|yatthc
costo|tatp|ccc's| ||c. Oacc tccadgamc|srcachcd,th|s
xcur|ty|rcc|tsk|agaadp|ccc(s)|orattacks|aothcrpanso|
theboard,wh| | cthcprotcctcdpasscd pawa p| asdowa thc
cacmytoprcveat|tsu|:|matcqueca|ag.
O|a||thcp|cccs,|t|sthcka|ghtwh|ch|stheprem|er
b|okadr.morcovcr,bcauxo|thcaaturco||tsjumpmovc,
|t|sab|ctoattack|rom|tsb|okad|ag|oat|oathcpawathat|s
protcct|ag thc protcctcd passcd pawa. 1hcrc|orc, ka|ght
cadgamcmcthcbtcadgamctoa|m|orwhcayouhavcto
copcw|th aprotcctcdpasscdpawa.O|coursc,thcprotcctcd
p dpawa|sac|caradvaatagc|aka|ghtcadgamca|m,but
mth|aothcrcadgamc.lath|sxct|oalw|||d|xuthc
|actorsthathc|pdctcrm|acthcva|uco|thcprotcctedpasscd
pawa|aka|ghtcadgc.
whattomcsccmsthcmostp|cturcr|cctcxp|co|
thcva|uco|thc protcctcdp cdpawa |a ka|ghtcadgamc|s
showa by D|agram 77, m. 8maa P. 8cako, Hast|ag
I35
D|agram77
I973]74,ahcrwh|tc's24thmovcaadthcp|aythcrc|rom.Just
oathcprcv|ousmovcwh|tchadu|tccnoacous|yo||crcdthc
cxchaagco|Quccas(2Q c Qxc 24dc)tom|vc
at D|agram 77.8|ack's d-pawa |s awoadcr|u| aad sccurc
protcctcdpasscdawaOa thcothcr haad, wh|tc has ao
p
rospccts|orav|a|cpasscdpawaoathcQuccas|dc.Othcr
maat|caturco|thcps|toaw|||bcomcc|carthcp|ay
uao|ds
2 WWW Nc!
w|thadua|purp.|mmob||||agwh|tc'skn|ghtd
prcvcat|agb.8ccauxh|ska|ght|sstuctoprotcct|agthcc-
paw,wh|tchxaatchaacc|ormc|agu|couatcq|ayoa
thck|ag|dc.1h|sg|vc8|ackp|catyo|t|mctoworkoa |a|||-
trat|agv|athcQuccas|dc.
2 a a 2 b
wh|tcprcvcatsthc|u|ago|h|sQuccas|dcw|th2.N a4,
but |oscs atcmpo|oract|vat|agh|sk|ag.L|thcrs|tuat|oa|s
uap|casaat.
2 W K 27 K Ke7 2 Ke2 Kd7 29 Kd3
Aw|||bxca,wh|tccaaaotstab|||nh|sQuccas|dc|a
aaycvcat.1hcrc|saosat|s|actoryd|cax,butbttcrpract|ca|
chaaccarco||crcdby29h4,w|tthc|dcao|Yg4aad3Ig5,
I36
||29...h5,thca wh|tccaap|ay30kc3aad3I k|4aadc|thcr
rcdcp|oyh|ska|ghtortg5.
29 ... Kc7 30 g4 gS!
Stopp|agaayptcat|a|k|ag|dcp|ay.
31 Kc b! 32 cb+ Kb 33 Kd3
33a4|sa|somctby33... kc5,cqua||yhopc|css|s33b4
b4+ 34b4 kb5.
33 ... Kc 34 Ke a4!
Opca|ag up |a|| |trat|oasquarcs. l|aow35 b4+ kc4
8|ack'sk|ag|s|aaadhchasthcdom|aaatprotcctcdpasscd
pawa a) 36Nd2+kc 37ND Nxb| 38b4a,w|aa|ag,b)
6kd2 Na7| 37kc2 Nb5 38kb2 kd,w|aa|ag.
35 bxa4 Kc4 36 aS NxaS 37 Nd4 Kc 38 Kd3 Nc4 39 f4
1hc|ocaaboa|ydc|aydw|th39Nb3+ ko|ctc.
39 WWNb2+ 4 Kc
Or+kc3NdI+ 4I kd NO+ 42kc3 g4ctc.
4 ... Kxd4 41 fgS hxgS wh|tcrc|gas
1hck + Pcadgamca|tcr42kxb2 kxc5 |shopc|css.
1hcdcc|s|vcc|cmcatwas 8|ack'sprotcctcd passcd d-pawa,
cvcathough|tacvcrhadtomovc.
H|stor|ca| |y,thc|avor|tccxamp|co|thc va|uco|thc
protcctcdpasscdpawa|aka|ghtcadamcs,asprcscatcd|a
rc|crcaccb koathccadgamc(Gmcual|ac,GmYur|
Avcrbakh ctc.) has bcca | aram 78, H. N. P| | |sbury - l.
Guasbrg,Hast|agI895,a|tcr|ac's26thmovc.wh|tchasa
sccurc passcd cpawa, yct |tsccms rathcrb|ockadcd aad ||
8|ackwou|dhavct|mc|or27...Nc6,thcdc|casccou|daotbc
brokca.Howcvcr,w|thacharactcr|st|cpawabrcakwh|tc|s
ab|ctouadcrm|ac8|ack's|axcurcccatra|pawa|omat|oa.
I37
D|agr78
27 f!! gS
l| 27... g5 g5 em5,29 N|4 w|||g|vewh|tecoa
aectedp dpawas|atheceater,a w||| 27... em5 2g5 g5
29Nb4,27. . . c6|osesto28N|4 Nb4 29 a Nc2 30Nxe6
Nxa3 3INc7 a 32Nxd+.
2 Nb! a 29 c!
1hemomeataryawkward|oat|oao|theb|ackka|ght
a||owsth|stact|ca|shot.1hethreateacd30c7|orces8|ack's
rep|y.
29 WWKd6 30 fe Nxc 31 Nxc Kxc 32 e4! !
1hekeytothewh|te'sprev|ousp|ay.hew|asthek&P
eadgebyoaetempa arcu|to|creat|ag|atheccatcr|m
advaacedcoaaectedpaedpawas.1h|s|saa|mprtaattheme
|a k&P cadgames,butdosaothave much todo w|th the
themeo|theprotectedp dpawa|aka|ghteadgc
8|ackm|ghta we||take,s|ace32... kd6 33exd5 ke7
34ke kd6 35ke4 kc7 36k|5 b 37d6+ kxd6 38k6
|shop|c.
32 ... de4 33 dS + Kd6 34 Ke b
OrM...|5 35g5 b 36|6a4 37r ke7 38d+ k0
I38
39d7ctc
.
35 Kxe4 a4 36 Kd4 hS 37 ghS a 38 Kc4 t 39 h6 f4 4 h7
8|ackrcs|gas.1h|s|astrouadgamccaab|cdthc uahcra|dcd
P|||sburyto||a|sh||rst,ahcado|1ch|gor|a,wor|dChamp|oa
Lmaauc|Laskcr,1arrh,Stc|a|ctc.
D|agam79
Howcvcr,||wcrcturatothcprcv|ousgamc]ustaha||
movccm||cr,thccva|uat|oabccomcd|||crcat.Dragram79
showsthcpos|t|oa|aH. N. P|| |sbury I. Guasbrg,Hast|ag
I895,a|tcr wh|tc's26thmovc.lathcgamc,Guasbrgp|aycd
thc carc|c26... Nb8!. lastcad, Lmaauc| Laskcrsumqucat|y
rccommcadcd.
2 W .a5!
8ccauscwh|tc'ska|ghtao|oacrhasacccsstob4,
8|ack|srcadytocoat|aucwith27...Nbaad28... Nc6,w|tha
stab|cpos|t|oa.A|tcrthctcxt,P|| |sbury'spawabrcak|sao
|oacrsuccc |u|.1hc|o||ow|aga|y|s|sbyLmuc|Laskcr
|atctoumcatb k.
27 f?! gS! 28 c6 Nb6 29 NcS exf 30 gf Kd6 31
Nb7 + Kc 32 NxaS+ Kc7!
Laskcrhcrcg|vcthc|o||ow|agcva|uat|oa. 8|ackhas,
||aayth|ag,thc bcttcrchaacc,ashcthrcatcas33... Nc4|o|-
|owcdby34 ... Nd6.
I39
8ecauwthede|eas|veka|ght|ssuchageatb|okadr,
evea pos|t|oaswhere the protectedpassedpawa |saa extra
p
awamayaotbwoa.Suchp|t|oasusua||yhavetheb|okad
mgka|ghtattack|agtheprotect|agpawa.l|mt,wew|||coa
s|derpos|t|oaswherea||thepawasareoathesames|de. la
D|agr8, Y. Averbakh I95,wh|te|supaprotectedp d
|pawa,buth|sgpawa|sv|aerab|e.1here|saow|a,e.g..
D|agam8
1 K
Or I kd4 k|7 2ke5 ke7 aad there |saoway|or
wh|tetoprogc.
1WW Nd7! 2 Ke4
wh|te'sk|ag|stoopass|veaher2Ne4Ne5+ 3 kg3
kh6.
2 W Nf+ 3 Ke K 4 Kd6 Ne8+ 5 Kd7 Nf6+ 6 Kd8 K
Draw
Lvea ||we m|sp|ace8|ack'sk|agbyatemo |a D|a-
gram8tog|veD|agr 8I (oa the|o||ow|agpage,Y.Aver
I955,therexemstobaow|a.
1 KB!
1hereaga|a|saoth|a|a Ikd4 kg7 ke5 k 3kd
Ne8+ 4kd7 N|6+ 5kd8
I40
D|agram8I
l. WW Nd7!
1hcpass|vc 1. . . kg7 2 Nc4 Nh7(|orccd),a| | ows
wh|tc'sk|agtos|mp|march| a. 3kc3 k| 4kd4 kc7 5
kc5 k 6kd6 k0 kc6 kg7 8kc7 kh6 9k.
2 Ke4
Aga|a,thcrc|saoth|ag|a2Nc4 Nc5+ 3kg3N|ctc.
2 W 3 KdS K!
Avcrbakhg|vcasthcma|a||ac3. . . N|6+ 4kc6 Ng8
5Nc4 Nh6 6|6+ k6(6... kg8 7Nxg5 Nxg4 8|7+ kg7 9
Nh7) 7Nd6!Nq48 kg7 9kc7aaW|tcw|as.
4 Ne4
aadw|as - Avcrbakh.Yct8|ackhadc|cax.
4 Ke7! S Kd4 Ke8!!
lt|s|mcrat|vcthatwh|tc'ska|ght aothavc achcck
a|tcr6Nq5N.
6 Nx
what c| sc A|tcr 6 kc3 or 6 kc4 ! 8| ack has
6... Nc5(+).
I4I
6 WW Nf6 7 Ke Nx4+ 8 Ke K 9 N7 + K Draw
wh|tedw|a ||wemovethep|t|oaupbyoaeraak
because 8|ack has |ess maaeuver|ag room. la D|agram 82,
A verbh I955,thew|a|sach|eveda |o||ow.
D|agram82
1 Kf4! Nd8 2 Ke Nf + 3 Ke K 4 Kd7! Nh8 S Ne Nf
6 Nx+
A6NxK 7kd6K 8D|K 9kd7w|as.
6 K 7 Ne7 + K 8 g wh|tew|as.
D|agram8
Athemat|cexmp|ewherea enra
p
awa|athe|ormo|
aprotectedp dpawa|s|asu0|c|eattowm,eveaw|thpawas
I42
oabths|dco|thcbmd|sshowa|aD|agram 8,m.8otv|a
a|k- G. L|ss|ts|a,moscow I935, wh|tc oa movc. wh|tc's
ka|ghthasacccsstothc|dca|dc|cad|ag]attack|agd3squarc
aadth|s|ssu|c|cattoho|dthcgamc.
1 Kd2 Ng6
I...kc5 2Nd3+ kc4!! 3Nxc5+ kb3 4Nc6 caaaot
o||cr8|ackw|aa|agchaacc.
2 Kd3 Nf 3 Kc4 Ne 4 Nd3! Ng4
1hck& cad|aga|tcr4... Nc5 5Nxc5! bxc5 6a5! |s
drawa,c.g.6... kd7 7kd3c4+ 8kxc4kd6 9kbd I0kc3
kc5 I I b6axb6 I2b6 kb6 I3kd3kb5 I4kc3kc5 I5
kdkb I6kd2!ctc.(l|ac).
S Net Ke 6 Kb!
lt |susc|u|to|cavcd3ava||ab|cto thcka|ght. la thc
gamcwh|tcchoscthcpass|vc6kd3,butst|||hc|doaa|tcr
6... kd6 7kc4Nh3 8NdNgI 9NcI kc6 I0kd (I0kb4!)
I0 .... Nh3I I kd2k|6 I2kkc7 I3kc2kd6 I4Nd3Ng5
I5 Nb2N|7 I6Nd3Nd8 I7Nb2Nb7 I8 kd2Nc4 I9kc2
kc6 2 kdIctc.1hctcxt|sasugct|oabyGml|ac.
6 ... Nh3 7 Nd3 Ngl 8 Net Kf
1hcattcmptto|a|| |tratcthck|ags|dcw|||aotwork
bccauscwh|tc'sk|agcaaaowpcactratc8|ack'ss|dco|thc
board.8ut||8. . . Nc2 9kb3Ng3 I0Nd3N|I I I kc2k|6 I2
kdI8|ack'sk|agrcma|ascha|acdtoh|scpawa.
9 Kc4 KgS?! 10 KdS Kh4 11 KxeS Kg3 12 Kxd4 Nxf+ 13
Nx K 14 e Drawa(l|ac)
whatcvcrw|aa|agchaaccsthcrcarc bc|oagto wh|tc
a|tcr I4... kg2 I5c6O I7c7Q I8c8=Q|I =Q I9Qg8+
kh3 2 Qh7+ |o||owcdby2IQxa7. 1h|sshowsthatattcmpts
by8|acktop|ay|oraw|abyabaadoa|agh|sccatcrpawascaa
bomcraagvcrycas||y.
I43
Capter 6
Paw Structures
8ccauscthcka|ght|s|ahcrcat|yashortraagcp|ccc,by
|arthcmost|mportaatc|cmcato|awastructurcs|aka|ght
cadgamc|sthccx|stcacco|pacdpawa(s) d |a part|cu|ar
thcouts|dc
p
asscdpawa.1c |mportaataspcctso|passcd
pawas|akmghtcagamcwcrcthorough|ycovcrcd |acar||cr
scct|oas.Hcrc lw|||takca |ook atthcrcma|a|ag|mportaat
subjcctsrcgard|a
pawastructurc.thcQuccas|dcpawamajor
|tyaadcharactcnst|cdcc|cac|c|apawnstructurc.
Section 1: Te Queenside Paw Majorit
1hcs|dc hav|ag a pawa major|tyoa thc Quccas|dc
gcacra||yhassomccadgamc advaatagc. Assum|agthatthc
pawamajor|ty|shca|thyaadcaa|cadtoapasscdpawa,th|s
passcdpawawou|dbcan outside passed pawn. l|thccacmy
|aggctst|cddowatostopp|agsuchapawa,yourk|agaad
ka|ghthavccxcc||catchaacc|ordcc|s|vc|y|a|||trat|agoathc
othcrs|dc.
P|caxaotcthatl us|agthctcm Quccas|dcpawn
major|tybccausc |t |s thccommoa oac aad |s |aby|arthc
maor|tyo|cascsa|sothcaccuratcdcscr|
p
t|oa.Yctthctru|y
accuratccxprcss|oawou|dbcthcgcacncoac.Qua||tat|vc
Pawamajor|tyOa OacS|dc.Youcaav|sua||zcthat||both
s|dcarcct|cdoathcQuccas|d,thatthca |t|sthcKngide
pawamajor|tythat|sthcptcat|a|advaatagc.
Avcry|avorab|cco|thcQuccas|dcpawamajor|ty|s
showa |a D|agram84 (oa thc|o||ow|agpagc),l. Radu|or - !.
P|atcr,Pcm|kI978,a|tcrwh|tc's3Istmovc.Lvcathough |t|s
8| ackwhoa|rcadyhas apasscdpawa, thcpotential h|tc
passcdpawaoathcQuccas|dc|sthcs|ga|||caat|actor|athc
pos|t|oa.8|ackdocshavcthcmorcact|vck|ag,yctthc|act
that wh|tc'ska|ght|sthcact|vcoac morcth outwc|ghsthc
k|ag|actor.1hcgamccoat|aucd.
31. f
I4
D|agam8
1he attempt at |mprov|agthe ka|ghtpos|t|oaw|th
3I . . . Nd6!|a||sa(ter32Nd8| , threatea|ag33Nc6+. l|thea
32 ... kf6,33kd4,i|32 ... a6,33Nc6+ke6 3Nb8Nb7 35b.
32 b! g5?
A||ow|agwh|te'sb-pawatogettob5 mustbsu|c|da|.
wh|te|sreaqtocreateapwer|u|outs|dp dpawawh||e
the | mportaat de|eas|ve c6 square |s dea|ed 8|ack. Oa|y
32 . . . Nd6 o||ered chaaces|orde|ead| ag because, at th|s
momeat,thek&Peadgamea|ter33Nkxd6 34kd4kc6
appemdrawa.
33 b5! h5
Now|t'sto|ate|or33...Nd6 34Nxdkxd6s|aceafter
35kd4wh|tegetsadc|s|veouts|dp dpawa.
34 Nd8! g4 35 hg4 hxg4
35. . . |xg4 getsthesame36g3 respoase. 8| ackhas
succeeded|aoa|yexchaag|ago||oaek|ags|depawa,|eav|ag
h|mw|thmopteat|a||yvu|aerab|epawasthere.
36 g3 Kd6 37 Kd4 Ne7
Ater37. . . kd7,wh|teputs8|ack |a zugzwaagw|th38
Nc6kd6 39a6|(lmm|aev).
I45
38 Nf + Ke 39 Kc! d4
A|tcr39 . . . k +oaxo 4I thcbpawaquccas.
Pa|vcd|caxw|th39...Nc8|oto+Nd8+ 4I Nc6+
kc4 42Nxa7+! . wcarcxc|agaga|athcprob|cmthcka|ght
has|astopp|agouts|dcp dpawas.
4 NgS+ K6 41 Nh7 +! 7
Now8|ack'sk|ag|stoo|araway|romthcQuccas|dc,
but||4I. ..kc5wh|tcquccasw|thchccka|tcr42b6!b6 43
b6d 4b7d 45bQ.
42 Kxd4 Kxh7 43 KcS Nc8 Kc6 f4 45 Kd7 fg3 4 fg3
N 47 a 8|ackrc|gas
AadsothcQuccas|dcmajor|tywoaby|tsc||.wh||c
8|ackwaskcptbusysatcguard|agh|spawasc|xwhcrc,wh|tc
|a|||tratcdthcQuccas|dc.
whcrc thc Quccas|dc pawa major|ty |ssouad, but
chaacc|or crat|aga v|ab|couts|dcpasscd pawa scaat, thc
ps|t|oamot||kc|y|s|a(amcba|aacc.1h|smcaasthatw|th
corrcctp|aythcgamcw|||bdrawa,butthatthcrc arcp|caty
o|opprtua|t|c|or oacs|dto m|sp|ayth|ag. A |astruct|vc
cxp|c |sshowa|romD|agram85,A.kotov S. Rchcvs[,
Zur|chCaad|datcI953,a|tcr8|ack's49thmovc.
D|agr85
wh|tchasahca|thyQuccas|dcpawamajor|ty,yctthc
I46
prospccts|or asucccss|u| brcakw|thc5 arc8oor.la thc
mcaawh| | c8| ack | s rcadyto rcspoadto 5 k|3! w| th
50. . . Nd2+, w|aa|agthcc
p
awa.wh|tcthcrc|orc prcvcats that
thrcatbyact|vat|agh|skaight.
50 Ne a4?!
8|ackscr|ous|ym|sjudgcsthcpos|t|oaaadbyp|ay|ag
|oraw|ar|ska|o.w|ththctcxt,hcmwh|tc'sa-pawaoa
id
p
|aastop|aythcka|ghttobI,captur|agthcpawa.Yct
thcpsrt|oatumsouttobmuchmorccomp||catcdthaathat.
Concct|sthcrout|acN ..Wb 5I whcawh|tc'sQucca
s|dc|ssccurc,ycta|mthcrc|saowaytoprogcthcrc.1hcrc
|orc:coat|au|agcqua||ty.
51 K g
1hc||rstc|oudstartstoappcaroa8|ack'shor|zoa.lt
tumsoutthata|tcrthcd|rcct5I...d2+ 52keNbI! 53kd
Nxa3 54b5 8|ack'ska|ght|strappcd. 1h|ssamcmot||w|||
appar|atcra|m.
52 Ke! g4
wh|tchc||cct|vc|yccatra||adh|sk|agaadsuddca|y
8| ackhas aoattract|vccoat| auat|oaoa c|thcrs|dco|thc
bard.
w|tacthcothcrtwoma|a||ac.
(a)52 ... Nc! 53kdNbI 54kc2Nxa3+ 55kb2h4 56K
hxg3 57NO+ kc7 58Nxg5. 1hcgpawagctsstoppcd aad
w|tcw|as.
(b)52. . . Nxg3! 53N|7+ kc7 54Nxg5 aadtocxtr|catcthc
ka|ght8|acw||||o at|ctthch-pawa.
53 hg4 hg4 53 Nxg4 Nc?
8|ackkccpsdrc|ago|aw|aoa thcQuccas|dcwhca
thcaccdwtowarch|oradraw|ag||ac.lorthatthcaoma|
54 . . . Nxg3 55N|2N|I+ 56kdc5scqucaccshou|dbcgood
caough.
I47
SS Ne! Nl 56 Kd Nxa 57 b!
1rapsthek|ght,asa|readyg|vea |athe aoteto8|ack's
5Istmove. la|er|or|sthe|cy57 (threatea|ag58kb2)
becauseo|57... b5! 58c5+ kd5whea 8|ack'ska|ght|ssa|e
aadtheps|t|oadrawa.
S7 W NxbS
8|ackgrabstwopawas|orh|ska|ghts|ace aherthe
''aorma|''57...c5hewou|dw|adupw|th |ess.58Nd7+ kb4
59NxoNbI 6Nx4!kxa4 6Iodthepawaqueeas.
58 cbS Kc 59 Nt K 6 Nd4+ K 61 Kc! e
8|ackhopestoweakea wh|te'spawasaadto use h|s
coaaectedpadpawastokeepwh|te'sk|agpa|ve.8uth|s
s|tuat|oa|smashowatobhop|c .
62 fe Kc 6 e Kd6 6 Kc bS 6 K Ke7 6 Kc! a 67
KdS 8|ackrc|gs
1hek|
htstops8|ack'spawas|eav|agwh|te'sk|ag|a
chargeo|aroutme|ywoak&Peadgame.
O|coume,hav|agtheQueeas|depaw major|tyw|||aot
by|tse|||eadtoadvaatage.Youmustpurpse|u||yworkto
cap|ta||zeoa |t,bye|thermob|||z|agthepawas, thek|agor
both. Otherw|sethepoteat|a|advaatage |sa||eet|aoae.
lasmct|ve|adeed|sthexqueaceo|p|ayromD|agam (oa
the|o||ow|agage),A.karpv !.|mmaa,l|aa|Cd|datc
match I9,ame2,a|ter8|ack's27thmove.
lt |stru|ac|ass|ca|themat|cpos|t|oa. wh|tehasa
muad Queeas|emajor|ty,8|ackahea|thyk|ag|d major|q,
w|thae|thermajor|tyasyetmob|||nd.wh|te'smaor|qshou|d
meaaataag|b|eadvaatage,ytsehowqu|ck|y|t|ppam
2 f4?!
Gm1|mmaaca||sth|saotagood move''lasteadhe
was won|ed abut the|mmed|ate2k!|5 29 ke c Y
I48
D|agram86
Nb5| . |athcpost mortcm,bcstp|ay|orboths|dcssccmcdto
bY... k|6 3I kdkg5| (8|ackmust|ok|orcouatcrp|ayoa
thck|a|dc.A|tcr3I...kc6| 32kc4|wh|tc|smak|a
s||
caatr|s|cssprogrcss.)32Oh5 33kc4h4 34kd4 35
hxg3 c4| 36 |xc4|4| 37 gx|4 + kx|4,whca,accordgto
1|mmaa,thcgpawashou|dguaraatccthcdraw.|th|akthat
th|s|scorrcct,ycta |oaga wh|tc|s|ap|t|oatomcr|cch|s
ka|ght|orthcgpawa,wh|tc'sprospcctsoa thc Quccas|dc
mcaa that oa|y hc hasw|aa|agchaaccs. Rcmcmbcrwhat
happacd|athcp|ay|romD|agam84|
w|ththctcxtwh|tcmakcs|tposs|b|ctocxchaagco||
8|ack'scpawa|orh|s|pawa,butat thc |argccost o|a|ost
tcmp|ork|agact|vat|oa.1|mmaarcmarkthataftcrthctcxt
8|ack|saotwom.
2 ..W f 29 Na4
1hcka|ght'srout|ag|cadaowhcrc.8cttcr|s29K.
29 ... K 30 Nc N 31 Nd3
3Ia4| kc7 32a5Nd5oa|ywcakcaswh|tc'sQucca
s|dcpawas.
3l ... Nd7 32 Nb?!
Coat|au|agto |oscva|uab|c t|mc. |a ordcr|s32k|3,
I49
w|thadrawak&Pcadgamcrcu|t|aga|tcr32...c5 33bc5+
Nxc5 34Nxc5kxc5 35c3.
32 ... eS 33 Nc a6 34 fe Nxe 35 Nd4
A|rcady|t|stoo|atc|or35Nxc5!kxc5 36k|3kd4!
aadthccxtratcmpoa||ows8|ack'sk|agtogct|ato wh|tc's
Quccas|dc|orthcw|a.
35 ... Ke7 36 Kf?!
morc|ott|mc.Corrcct| s36h3|o||owcdby37Kaad
38 ke.
36 ... Kd6 37 Ke2 Kd5
8ccausco|wh|tc'starry|ag, |t|s8|ack'sk|agwho |s
|ordo|thcboard. 1hctcxtkccpsthcadvaatacbut |tcou|d
havcbccaca|argcdw|th37. . .kc5! 38Nc2g! |o| |owcdby
39.. .|4!(1|mm),whca8|ackhascrcatcdapwcr|u|outs|dc
sscdpawa.Notc thcchaagco|thcthcmc o|thcpos|t|oa.
cauthcptcat|a|daagcr|or wh|tcaow|sthcQuccas|dc,
thc|-pawabcomcaaouts|dpadpawa.
38 Nc2 Ke4?!
8|ackgcts awoadcr|u||yact|vc ccatra||zcd k|ag,yct
a||ords wh|tcthcchaaccto ||aa|| mob|||zc h|sQuccas|dc.
lastcadcorrcct|s38. . . a5! 39a (3b4!a4cr|t|ca||ywcakcas
thcc4squarc)39. . . kc4whca a|tcr40h3 wh|tc'spos|t|oa |s
vcryuapcasaatbutst|||d|cas|b|c.
39 a4! Nt 4 b
S|mp|cr|s40h4aada|tcr40...|4, 4I k|2. Yctuadcr
staadab|y, tcrthcprcv|ouspass|vcsu||cr|ag,karpvprc|cn
act|v|ty.
4 ... Nd4+
Asa|cty||rst ap
p
roachtothc |astmovco|thct|mc
coatro|. morccoas|stcat is+.. # Nxh2,cvcathouhsubqucat
aaa||sshowcdthatthcps|t|oa|sdrawaa|tcrI b5 b5 42
I50
axb5kd5whcaa|tcrc|thcr43keor43Nd4wh|tccaasacr|
||cch|sk|ght|at|mc|orcaougho|8|ack'spawas.
41 Nxd4 Kd4 42 b Draw
A|tcr42... am5 43am5kc5 4kekxb5 45k|4kc5a
drawrcu|tsattcr+kg5kd4or+h4kd4.
Section 2:
Caracteristic Defciencies in Pawn Structures
If a double pawn is par of a pawn majorit, this is a
serous handicap. 1hc rcasoa |ss|mp|ythat |t |smuchmorc
d||||cu|ttocrcatcapasscdpawa|romsuch a|ormat|oa.A
moc|cq|o|tat|oao|th|s|actor|sshowa|romD|am87,k.
Pytc| !. 8|c|czyk,Po|aa|caZdroj, I976, a|tcr8acks 23rd
movc.
D|agram87
wh|tchasaqua||tat|vcpawmajor|qoathck|ag|sdc
aadcxcc| |catprospccts |or crcat|agav|ab|cpasscd pawa
thcrc.8|ack'scxtrapawa,b|agdoub|cd,w|||bmuch|co|a
hc|p|a crcat|agapasscdpawa oa thc Quccas|dc.wh|tc's
p|cccatthcmomcatarc mot|yp|accd, thcrc|orc,h|s||nt
ordcro|bus| acss| sto act|vatcthcm. Thcrcw| | | bct| mc
caoughtostartmob|||z|agthck|ag|dpawas.
2 K! Nd6 2 K K 2 K4! Nc4 27 b Na3 2 c a 29
I5I
Ng!
8ccaux 8|ack's ka|ghthassuccccdcd |a |osca|agu
p
wh|tc'sQuccas|dc,8|ack'schccthcrcmustb takca scn-
ous|y.1hus thc |mmcd|atc 29 g4!! |sprcmaturc bccausc o|
29... c4 30g5+ k.8uta|tcrthctcn,29... c4caabmctby30
Nc4+ kg6(30... c6 3INg5+)3I kc5!,w|th wh|tc'sk|ag|a
ps|t|oatopactratc8|ack'sQuccas|dc.Ncvcrthc|c ,8|ack's
chaaccsarcrca|caougha|tcr3I ...cxb3 32b3b5! aadth|s
wasthcwaytogo.Asp|aycd,8|ackturasouttobcs|owoa
c|thcrs|dco|thcbard.
29 ... h6?! 30 Ne4+ Ke6 31 c4!
G|v|ag8| ackaomorcchaaccs|or. . . c4, aad thcrcby
mak|agthccrcat|oao|apasscdpawaamuchmorcd||||cu|t
job.
31 .. .4 32 g4! ab3 33 ab3 Nc 34 h4!
wh|tc'sk + Nstaadwc||caoughsothat|t|st|mcto
gctthcpawasgo|ag.
34 ... Nd4 35 Nd2
Accord|agto lmP
)
tc|,thc|mmcd|atc35g5hxg5 36
kxg5! |sw|aa| ag.Yct |trs morc thaa uadcrstaadab|cthat
wh|tchasao|atcrcst |a mak|agsuch a dcc|s|oa bc|orcthc
t|mccoatro|oamovc+.morcovcr,thcrc|saoaccd|or|t.
35 ... Kf6 36 Ne4+ Ke6 37 Nd2 K 38 Ke4 Ke
8|ack'sc-pawad|sappcarsa|tcr38. . . b5! 39cxb5cxb5
+kd5(+... Nc6 4INc4+).Howcvcr,a|tcrthctcxtwh|tcc
para|y8|ack'smajor|ty|oagcaoughw|th...
39 b! Kd6 4 bxc + Kxc
A|tcr40. . . bxc5 4IN|3!wh|tchasar|sk|csswoapos|-
t|oa,yctthccouatcrp|aya|tcrthctcxt|stos|ow.
41 Ke! bS 42 gS! hxgS 4 hxg5 Nc
I52
43..bxc4justdropstheka|ghta|ter44Ne4+ kb4 45
kd4.
4g6 Ne 4 K4!
Preveat|agtheka|ght|romgeu|agback( 45g7!!Ng4+
+ke5Nh6|sa|asta|ce||a|sh|agtouchtowh|te'sexemp|ary
p|ay.
4 WW bxc4 4 Ke 8|ackrc|gas
The isolated d-pawn by itsel is not a serious problem.
1h|s|sbecausethe||ex|b|eka|ghtcaabeusedtoe|therpro
tectthepawaorthekeyuarcarouad|t,astheaeedmayb.
1hep|ay|romD|agam88,V. korchao| G.kaspmov,Sem|-
l|aa|Caad|dates match I983,Game8,a|ter8| ack's25th
move,demoastratesthecorrectap
p
roachtocop|agw|thth|s
s|tuat|oa.Apart|rom hav|agtherso|ated d-pawa, there |s
aoth|agwroag|a 8|ack'scamp aadw|ththepropercarehe
drawsw|thouttomuchsweat.
D|agram8
26 Nc
1here |saoth|ag|a2OK 27Kke7 2kekd6
29Nd4Ne7 aad evemha |ssecure |a8|ack'spos|t|oa(30
Nb5+!kc5 3INxa7! . k.
2 Nd6 27 K
I53
Hcrctoaaa|y|sbykasparovaadSharovshowthat
27|3|6 k|2kO 29kc3|scas||yparr|cb29... b6|(Not
29... Nc4+! Ykd4whca8|ackha||owcdwh|tcsp|octo
bccomcvcryact|vc.)30Nd3kc6 aad8|ack|ssa|cs|acc3I
kd4|smctby3I...Nb5+.
27 W K 2 KKe7 29 K4 f 30 h4!
wh|tctr|ctobthgrabmmcspaccaswc||to|aducc
potcat|a| |ydamag|agwcakacsscs| a8|ack'sos|t|oa1hus
0 ... h5!| 3IOo 32dkc6 33g4|hq4 4Nc4 35h5
wou|d |cadtosomcpcrmaacatwcakacsso|8|ack'sg-pawa.
1hccom|agwor|dhamp|oarc|usctob|tc.
30 W .g6! 31 g4 b 32 Na6 Ne4! 33 t Nc 34 Nc7 d4!
work|agtocxchaagco||h|swcakae ,c.g.35Nbd! .
Nc|thcrcaa3b4d 36Nd5+kc6 37c4d2 8Nc3Nd+
39kcNv +Kd |cadtoaayadvaatagc|orwh|tc.A|tcr
34... 4!8|ack|saotwom.
35 NdS+ Ke 36 N a 37 Nd3 KdS 38 g t 39 K3 Nxd
Draw
S|acc 8|ackhasaow|aa|agchccc|thcr,OMkpa
rovs|mp||||c|atoadcaddrawa&Pcadgamc.
Pawn forations which have unquestioned strengths in
opening and middlegame pla can well tr out t be a weakness
in endgames.
D|agam89
I54
Coas|dcraowD|a
|xe3 I9
kxe3NdI+ 20ke2Nb2 2I ke3k|5 22k|3Nd3shou|dbc
gocaoughtow|a.
10 .. .a6! 11 a4
A|tcrI I kc2Nb2 I2k|2kc5 I3k|3 a5! I4kg3,
dcc|s|vc|sI4 ... Nd! I5K |4aad8|ackbrcaksthrough.
11. .. Ke5 12 Ke2 Nb2 13 aS f4 14 Kf fe3 15 Ke3 K 16
K Nd3! 17 Ke2
wh|te'sugwaag|scomp|ctca|tcrI7kg3Nc5.
17 ... Ne5 18 Ke3 K4 19 Ke4 Ng6! wh|tcrc|as
l mmar|ag|vesthc|o| |ow|agcxhaust|veaaa|ys|sas
pr|thatwh|tc|s|ot.2 NONxh4 2INc5+ (2INxh4kh4
2kf5kg 2ke6h4 24kxd6h3 kc7h2 2d6hI=Q 27
d7QeI ! w|as)2I.
.
.dxe5 22d6N|5 2d7Nd6+ 24kd5Nb7
25kc6Nd8+ 26kc5h4 27kd6h3 28kc7Nb7 29c5h2
30c6hI=Q3Ic7Qh7+aad8|ackw|as.
A weak point in a blocked position is usually deensible.
But i the opponent alo has a considerable spatial advantage, be
ver carel you do not wind up with another peranent weak
ness in your position. w|tacsswhathappcas|romD|agram90
(oatheacxtpagc),G.kparov R.Hubacr,1ra|a|agmatch,
HamburgI95,Game4,aer8|ack's33rdmove.8|ackhasaa
obv|ousweakacoab,yctthat|sdc|cas|b|crcad||ycaough.
Howcvcr,wh|te'sspat|a|advaatagcwh|chdcr|vc|romthed
c4 |4pawa|ormat|oacramps8|ack'ssty|c.lor8|ackaotto
bcomcsu||oated hew|||accdtomakcmmedcc|s|oaabut
h|sk|ag|depawa|ormat|oa.Awcw|||m ase, |tbtterba
I56
corrcctdcc|s|oa!
D|agamW
34 Na4 K
Shorto|t|mc,8|acktr|caottomakcar|s[dcc|s|oa.
Yctwhat|srcqu|rcd|sto
(
rcvcatwh|tc|romgctt|ag| ato
8|ack'sk|ag|dc.lorthat|tisbt||8|ackp|accpawasoag5
aad h5. 1hcrc|orc, OM kasarovsugcststhc o||ow|ag as
8|ack'sbtdc|cax.34... g5! 55(8|ack|ssa|ca|tcr35K
h5! )35...|xg5 36g4kg7 37kg3g6 38h4g4+ 39kxh4
h6! . wh|tc'sk|agcaaaot
p
rogrcssbyh| msc||aad ||wh|tc
startsbr|ag|a
backthckaight,8|ackact|vatch|sw|th ...Nc7
ctc.1hcp|troarcma|asdrawa.
35 K
P|ayab|c,butbcttcr|s35...g5!. wh|tcprcvcatsthatw|th
h|sacxt.
36 h4! h6??
A|rcadthcdcc|s|vccrror. Concct |s 36...h5! aada|tcr
37|5,37 . . . g! aadaga| awh|tcw| | | aot bcab|ctobrcak
throughoathck|ag|dc.Howcvcr, ||37... g5! wh|tchasthc
|o||ow|ag|astruct|vcw|a,g|vcabykarov38cm5 k
7 39
g44+ 4 k4K6 4INc3Nc7 42c4Nc8 43NN7
4|o||owcdbykc3,kd,kc3aadbrcak|agthroughoatc
Quccas|dcw|thb.
I57
37 g4! g5
8yaow,do|agmmcth|ag|oddoaaoth|ag|o.
Gmkparovprov|dthc|o||ow|agaaa|y|s. a)37... cn4 38
km4g5+ 39hq5hg5+ 40k|5Nc7 4I c5!dxc5 42Nxb6
aadwh|tcw|as,(b)3 ... kg7 38h5!k 39kg3kg7 +Nc3
Nc7 4I NdINc8 42Nek 436+k kh7 45
Nc7|o||owcdbyNc8.
kasparov docs aot coas| dcr 37. . . h5 as a dc|casc.
Prcsumab|y38|5w||||cadtop|ays|m||artothatg|vca|athc
var|at|oasabvc.
38 tg5 tg5
Atcr38... hxg5 39 h5 thc padprotcctcdh-paw |sa
tcnor,ycta|tcrthctcxt8|ackhaswcakaeoah6(aadd6)
addcdtothcor|g|aa|oacoab.
39 h5 Ke7 4 Nc Nc7 41 Ndl Ne8 42 Ne Ng7 4 Ke2 Kd7
4Kd3 Kc7 4 Kc Kc8
tay|agoathck|ag|da||owswh|tctow|aas|o||ows.
45... kd7 6bkc7 47kb3K 4bxc5bxc5 49ka4Nc8 N
N|5N|6 5I Nxh6Nxc4 52N|5 53 h6kO 54h7|Nxh7 55
Nxd6+kc7 56Nc4N|6 57d6+kc6 58Nn6K6 59kb5c4
Nkc6(kasparov).
4 b!
8|ack|ssccurccaoughoathck|ag|dc,butw|||aotb
ab|ctoa|mprotcctthcQuccas|dc.
4 WWW Kc7 47 Kb3 Kb7 4 Ka4 K
A|tcr48... ka6 49 N|5! Nn5 50cn5 wh|tc's Qucca
matc8|ackoaa8.
49 bxc bxc 50 Ka5! Kb7
l|50... ka7Wh|tcaga|a|orccsawoa Q + Pcadgamc
w|th5IN|5. 5I. ..Nn5 52g5g4 53|6g3 54Og2 55Q
I58
I =Q 56Q7+ Ka8 57KbQbI + 58Kc6.
Sl K Kc7 52 Ka6 Kc8 53 Kb Kd7 54 K7 Ne8
Wh|tc has bcco p|a|o, |ocffcct, awoo K & P cod-
amc. lf|ostcad, 54...Kd8,W|tc prorcsscs furthcr w|th 55
Kc6Kc7 56Kc7Nc8+ 57Kb|N7 8Kc6 (Kasparov).
SS Nf Nf6 56 Nxh6 Nxe4 57 Nf Nf6 58 h6 e4 59 Kb6 Nh7
6 K B|ackrc|os
GmHubocrdoootwaottobshowoGmKasparov's
w|oo|omctho.thcK|orctumstoc2,thco Wh|tcp|ayN3
aodfo|lowsw|thNxc4.
I59
Chapter 7
Te Active King Ad Knight
What|sthcva|ucofaoact|vcK|o!Ofcoum,thcK|o
h|msc|f|spr|cc|css,but |s|tposs|b|c to ass|oaoctworthto
h|mas adocr! OMM|kha||Ta| hassu@cstcdthat|tsva|uc
thco|sabout3po|ots,|.c.thatofam|oorp|ccc.Sucharc|a-
t|oosh|makcsscosc tomc. Howcvcr, |tsf|c|d ofact|v|q|s
qu|tc d|crcot from that ofthc |ooraoc |shop. Yct thc
K|o aodKo|htarcboth short raoc p|cccs aod thcrcforc
K|oaodKo|tcodamc|vcao ccc||cotdcmoostrat|ooof
thc usc ofthcsc p|cccs, both |o combat w|th cach othcraod
whcouscda atcam.
ThcadvaotacofthcbttcrK|odthcbttcrKo|ht
caotumouttobtraos|cotooc.Thcf|c|b|cKo|htcaooftco
chcckawaythc cocmyK|ofrom |tsact|vc |oat|oo,thcmorc
act|vc Ko|htcao bc dcf|cctcd awaybya dcfcod|oKo|ht.
Morcovcr,thc|oab|||qofthcKo|httobr|oabutzugao
ps|t|oos||m|ts|tspwcra aoattackcr.
Hcrc l w||| |ookat thrcc d|st|octs|tuat|oos. f|rst, thc
act|vc K|o aodact|vcKo|htparatc|y,aod thcothc comb|
oat|oooftcact|vcK|oaodact|vcKo|ht.
Section 1: Te Active King
D|aram9I
I6
lw|||stanoIIw|th amost|ostruct|vcaodIorpract|ca|
p|ay|mrtaotcxp|c, showo|oD|aram9I, A.Sca|- B.
lvkov,SaoPau|oI978,aItcrB|ack's22odmovc.
lo car||crp|aythcBra|||lM hadrushcdtocxchaoc
ofIp|cccsw|thoutbothcr|otooot|ccthatB|ack'suocast|cd
K|o
.
Whttc'spawo Iormat|oo |s au|t|css (B|ack |s thcoochaodt-
cdbydub|cdpawos) aod h|sKo|htccotra||ud - yct thc
d|crcocc |o K|os |s too much to ovcrcomc. B| ack woo as
fo||ows.
2 K Kd6 2 Ke Kd5 Nt
cad|oIord2tokccpB|ack'sK|ooutofc4,buthas
thcdcmcr|todcact|vat|othcKo|ht. Yct thcrc |s ooth|o
good,c.g. 25b4b4 26 axb4 Na6
27 b5 Nc5 Io||owcd by
NN.Kc4w|||bthck|soIoathfor thcbpawo.AItcrKd2
OM l vkov |vcs thc Io| | ow|o w| oo| o | | oc Ior B| ack.
25. . . Nc4+ 26Kc2Kc4 27 ONc5 Kd2c5 29NI5 (or29
Nc2)29... Kb3N
WW e 2 Nd2 e!
Bytak|oawayacccsstodfrom Wh|tc's K|og,B|ack
scvcrc|ycramps Wh|tc'sdcfcoscs. Bccausc aItcr27 B|ack
cao support h|s c4 stroopo|otw|th 27...I5, Wh|tc str|vcs to
prcvcotthatbyh|socxtmovc.
27 g4 Na4 2 b Nc+ 29 K
S|occIrom cI thc K|ohas oofuturc, Wh|tcscodh|m
backtothcK|os|dc.
29 WWW b5! 30 K a4 31 b Ke!
Wh|tc'sQuccos|dchasbco |oocdup (c4|) aod thc
a pawo madc vu|ocrab|c, but bcforc uodcrtak|o dcc|s|vc
act|oothcrc,B|ackputsh|s tcot|a||yvu|ocrab|cK|og|dc |o
ordcr. loaoyca,3I...N!
act|vat|oobyamovc,Wh|tca|rcadymakcsh|s
pos|t|oocr|ttca|.Maodatory|s27KcI, whco a|| thcK & P
codamcaftcr27... Kc5 Kd2Nb(or .MM Nd4 29Nxd4)29
aarc]ustdrawo.
27 WW Kc Da
Uoavo|dab|c s|occ Kc2! Nb4 w|os for B|ack. But
aftcrthctcxt B|ackcao forcc furthcrwcakocsscs |oWh|tc's
Quccos|dc.
D W .! 29 a4
I62
Wh|tc oow cts squcczcd |oto a prctzc| . Thcrcforc
worthtry|owas29 Kc2| !a4 3Obxa4,thouhWh|tc'spros
pcuarcmotuop|caotaftcrY. .Kc4.
29 WWW N 30 Net
Eoab||othc Ko|httootod3 |fB|ack'sKo|htoow
movc.Aftcr3ONd4Na2| 3INc2B|ackw|osw|th3I...NcI 32
Nd4 Kb4.
30 ... e5! 31 Ke2 e4 32 Kd2 Nc! 33 Nc
Or33 Kc3Nc5fo||owcdby.. N4 aoothcr |cacyof
27c!.
33 ... Ne 34 hS
A straoc a |t cms, Wh|tc |s a|rcaq |o zugao. a
Ko|htmovca|!o34... Kb4, 34 Kc |oto34... N4, 34 Kc2
|oto34... Nd,thrcatco|o35... NcI+.
34 ... Nt+ 35 Kc gS 36 Na3 h4! 37 gh4 hS 38 N Nxh4
39 Nd4 Nt
Thcouts|dcp cdpawo|othcformofthchpawo|ss
powcrfu| thatB|accao afford to|vcupthcfpawo,c.g.4O
Nxf5 h4 4IKb2Kb4 42 Kc2 h3 44N3 h2 45 NhI 5,
fo||owcdby...Nc6aodNc4.St|||,Wh|tc'sco|ccofrcma|o|oa
pawodowo|oahop|c ps|t|oomakcoooata||.
4 Ne+ Kd6 41 Nf4 h4 42 Kc4 Ng1 Wh|tcrc|gs
Wh|tchada|cd43Kb5,butrc|cdw|thoutcoot|ou-
|o thc gamc |o v|cwof4J... h3 44NxhNxh3 45ka Kc6
foocdby+... Nx.
lt |s|mportaotthatthc s|dcw|th thc act|vcK|o
docs
oot bccomctoocomp|accotbccauscthc a||cKo|httsvcry
capab|c of crcat|o
|s ooc so pass|vc|y
[
|accdthat|tootoo|yhoohopofbworth3
J
|ots,but
ts ao |osuffcrab|c | |ab| | |ty. Such ao |ostruct|vc sttuat|oo |s
shownfromD|aram94(oothcfo||ow|opac),S.Tartakowcr
- M. Botv|oo|k, Oroo|oco I946, aftcr B|ack's 4Ist movc
(4I . .. h5).Notoo|y|sWh|tc'sK|ousc|css,but|s|o|mm|ocot
daocrofb|omatcdaftcr42 ... h,439W. g,4MM. 2.Wh|tc|ost
asfo||ows.
I65
D|agam94
42 Nc4+
Thc Ko|ht hcads back to hc|
[
|ts K|o. Ofcoursc,
uo|cssWh|tccaomob|||zch|sQuccostdcpawoshc|ssurcto
|m|othc|ooruo.Howcvcr,thcattcmptw|th42a4fa||sbya
movcaftcr42... Nd2| 43 a5h4 44 a6whco OM Botv|oo|k
f|vcthcfo||ow|ovar|at|oos.
I45a7| a8=QfI =Q+ 47Kh2NO+.
2)45 +a72+ 47Kh2NO+ 4Kh3I =Q 49
a8=QQh2+ 5O K3 Nc5+ 5I KO Qf2+ 52 K (52 Kc4
QO+ 53 Kd4 Qd3 Matc) 52 . . . Q3+ 53 Kf5 Q+ 54 Kf6
Q6Matc.
42 W Kd 4 Ne + Ke 4 a4
A bcttcr pract|ca|try|s44b4whco B| ackmust p|ay
44. . . Nd4| (prcvcot|o thc |mmcd|atc 45 b5), fo||owcd by
45.@.K,w|oo|obyatcmp.
4 WWW Kd 4 Nd Ke 4 Nf4+ K 47 Nx3+
Wh|tc|sa|soatcmposhortaftcr47Nxh53 48Nx3
K3 49ah2 Na6N5 5Ia7Nc4 52a8=QNMatc.But
oot|cc thatB| ackcaooot a||ow thcbpawoto qucco |o such
v|at|oos.
AftcrthctcxtB|ackcaoa|sow|ow|th47...h3,butOM
Botv|oo|kchooscsamorcthcmat|ccoot|ouat|oowh|chdocs
I6
ootrcqu|rcapan|cu|ar|ydcmd|oca|cu|at|oo.
47 WW K! 4 Nf4 g3 49 Ng K! 50 a h4 51 Nf4 K
To cosurc that aftcr . . . h3, Wh|tc cao'tcapturcw|th
chcck.
52 Ng h3 53 Ne3+ K 5 Ng4+ Ke2 Wh|tcrc|os
Thc"bad"K|octsmatcd.
Section 2: Te Active Knigt
Thcrc |s||tt|cpo|ot |o |ook|oatthctr|v|a|s|tuat|oos
whcrcoocKo|ht|sp|accdwc||that|trout|oc|yobb|cup
thc vu|ocrab|ccocmypawos. For |ostruct|ooa|purposcs thc
| mportaot cascs arc whcrc thc morc favora|y s|tuatcd
(act|vc) Ko|htcaocausc a |ootcrm stratc|c dcc|cocy |o
thccocmycamp.Th|sw|||bcwoodcrfu||y|I |ustratcdfrom
D|aram 95,A. Yusupov V.lvaochuk, L|oarcs I9I, aftcr
Wh|tc's32odmovc.
D|aram95
Oo thcK|os|dccvcryth|o (|oc|ud|othcK|os) |s
rathcrcqu|va|cot,cachp|aycr hasao |so|atcdapawo,W|tcs
Ko|ht|sthcoocdccpcr|otococmytcrr|tory. Yct|t|sB|ack
whohasthctru|yactive Ko|htbccausc |tcaoach|cvcsomc-
th|os|o|f|caot|oshortordcr,thcrcby|v|oB|ackas|o|f|-
caot advaotac. lo mycommcots thatfo||ow l havc madc
I67
ratcfu|uofOMYusupv'soca|y|s|oInornt #51.
32 WW N2! 33 a Nc4! a6 f! 35 K K
B|ack's Ko|ht has chascd Wh|tc's apawo dccp |oto
B|ack's tcrr|torywcrc |t |s vu|ocrab|ctoao attack byboth
B| ack's K|o aod Ko|ht. Morcovcr, B|ack's K|o a|os a
va|uab|ctcmpo bythcattackooWh|tc'sstraycdKo|ht aod
thuscaoumcapwcdu|ccotra||ud|oat|oo.
36 Ke2
Furthcr ''act|v|ty '' by 36 Nb8! |cads to ao |mmob||c
Ko|htaftcr36...Na5 37Kc2Kc7da|ostK&Pcodamc.
38Kd6 39Kc3Nc6|ctc.
36 ... Ke7 37 Nc Kd6 38 Nb7+!
Kccp|othc Ko|ht tru|
)
act|vc, byafford|o |t thc
opprtuo|tytoct |otoBack'sKg|o. Aw||| bco |atcr,
th|sw|||tumouttobWh|tc'ssav|oracc.
38 WW KdS 39 t e?
Abadmovcfortworcos. (I)lt|cadtoa|oo|o
ofB|ack'sK|og|dc,thcrcby|v|oWh|tcuorcdcouotcr-
chaoccs, aod(2) B| ack'sstrooKo|ht rcpos|t|oo|o v|a
39 . . . Nc5||sootoo|ydc|aycdbutcvcorrcvcotcd.Aftcr39. . . Nc5
B| ack thrcatcos to s| mp|y so|p of Wh|tc's apawo aftcr
4O...Nc6aod4I. ..Nb4.Thcrcforc4ONa5 |sforccdwhco OM
Yusupv|vcthc fo||ow|ocoov|oc|ovar|at|oo. + .MM Nc6 4I
c4+ (Or4I Nb3c5| 42 Kc4) 4I. . .Ixc4 42 fxc4+ Kc5 43
Nb3 + Kc4 44 Nd2+ Kb5 aod aftcr captur|othc apawo,
B|ack'spropctsforaw|oarcbr|ht.
Aftcr thctcxt movc, thc pos|t|oo |s a|rcadydrawo
thouhootw|thoutswcatooWh|tc'spart.
4 g4! g6
OMYusupv|vcthcfo||ow|oa|tcmat|vc.
(I)+. W.fx4 4I c4+ Kd4 42hx46 43Nd8Kc5 44NDh5
I68
455fo||owcdby+Nh8w|thsumc|cotcouotcrp|ay
(2)4O. . . f4 4Ic4+ Kc6 42Nd8+ Kb6 43h4a6 4h5fo|-
|owcdby45Nc6,aa|ow|thfu||couotcrp|ay.
41 Nd8 Nd6 42 g
lo h|sootcOMYusupv|vcthctcxt adub|ousmark
aod|ostcad rccommcods42 h4 as thcs|mp|crdraw|o
||oc.
42 ... 4 43 4c4(Wh|tc|ssc aftcr43... h5 4khQ4+
45Kx4Nf5 46 K5w|ththcthrcat47 h5.)44 Kf2 h5 Or
44 ... g 455hx5 46Kc2Kc4 47Nc6.)45K3 hx4 46
Nf5 47
h|tc
sccmsto havccovcrcd a|| thc bascs. How |sB|ackto brcak
throuh!
t Net Kf4 2 K Nc!
ThcKo|htctsrcpos|t|oocdf|rstto c5 aodthcotof4
so that |t oot oo|y mcoaccs d3 but a|so attacks othcr kcy
squarc.
3 Ng2+ Kt 4 Net NeS S Kg3 Ng6 6 K Nf4 7 Kg3 aS 8
K
Aftcr8 b3 B|ack w|os thc bpawo aod thc amc w|th
8...Nc2+ 9KQNcI. Aftcrthctcxtrout|ocp|ay|s|osuff|c|cot,
c..8. . . 4!| 9 hx4+ 4 IOKI K3 IKfI aodWh|tc,
thouh pass|vc, |s safc.
cdoffaodWh|tc'sK|o||bcratcd. Morc|othcsp|r|tof
kccpmab|od|sI. . .f4,thouhWh|tckccpsdraw|ochaoccs
aftcr25|(Evs).
2 fg4 Ne4+?!
Aodhcrc2 . . . Nd5|| smorc rcct|vc,a|m|oto kccp a
b|odoobths|dc,c..3NdNc3 4NNc4+|.
3 Ke2 Nf6 4 K Kc S Kf4! K2 6 Ne2 a 7 Nd4!
Wh|tc'sK|ohasbco||bratcda||r|htaodoowWh|tc
mustcosurcthath|sKo|htcaobsacr|f|ccorthcapawo.
I74
7 Kxa2 8 NbS Kb2 9 Nxa3 Kxa3 10 hS! ! ghS 11 ghS
NxhS+
Wh|tc|sa|safc aftcrI I ...Kb I2Kf5|N8(I2 ... Nx5
I3K5) I3Kc6fo||owcdbyI4k.
12 KS Ng 13 Kh6 Draw
B|ack's|tpawow|||b|tcthcdust.
Oo|o
h|tctoc|tm|oatca||of
B| ack's pawos. h|s]ustturos outto bc poss|b|c - by ooc
tcmp.
I77
6 W Kcl 67 Nd4! NdS
E|crforWh|tc|s67...d 6 Nb3+Kc2 69Nxd2Kxd
7OKD|Nd 73KOKd 74b5Kd4 75b| K 76Kf4.
6 bS Kb2 69 Nt! Kc 70 Kel N 71 Kdl Nc4 72 Kel
Wh|tc hassctupao uousua| b|ockadc,wh|chB|ack
caoootbrcak. For |ostaocc, 72 . . . d2+ 73Nxd2Nxd2 74b6
Nf3+ 75 Kf2Nd4 76b7 Nc6 77Kc3 Kc4 78 Kf4,w|th a
draw.
72 ... f4 73 Kdl Kb 74 b!! Nxb 75 Kd2 Kc4 76 Ne+ Kd4
77 Nxd3 t 78 Ne! Draw
Wh|tccomc]ust|ot|mcaftcr78 ... Kxc5 79Kc.
I78
Chapter S
Small Advantages in Knight Endgames
Thcpract|ca|p|aycrshou|dstr|vctow|os||ht|ysupr|-
orpos|t|oos,whcthcrthcybc m|dd|camcs or codamcs. lo
pan|cu|,s||ht|ysupr|orcodcarc
[
|caottop|ays|occ
thcrcduct|oo|omatcr|a|mcaosthatthcnskofa|mhbco
dccrcascdwh||cthcprospcctsofaw|orcma|o.Sma||advao-
tacs |o Ko|htcodamcs|vc cxcc||cot
[
rospcctsforaw|o
bccausc thc dcfcodcrtcosto uodcrcsttmatc thcsupcr|or
s|dc'schaocc.Atcra||,thcKo|ht|sbutam|oorp|ccc aoda
shortraocoocatthat - howmuchdamaccaoocur!Yct,
especialy the Kight |scxcc||cot |ocq|o|t|osma|| advaotgc
bcauof|tswoodcrfu|cx|b|||qaoda|||ty. Hcrc lw|||takc
a|okatmc |otcrct|o|ostruct|vccxamp|c.
F|rstlw|||showthccourscofp|ayfromD|aram IO2,
M.Botv|oo|k R.Ho|mov,MouowTcams I969, aftcrWh|tc's
3Othmovc.
D|ar IO2
Wh|tc hcrc has thcsma||cst of advaotacs. thc morc
act|vcK|o.yctthcK|ocaoootcoctratcfurthcr,B|ack's
m|oorp|cccsarcwc| | p|accd aod|spawo format|oosouod.
Thcpos|t|oo |squ|tcdrawo,butOM Ho|movdoootapprc-
c|atcthcposs|b|cdaocrs aod qu|ck|y|aods |o ao uotcoab|c
s|tuat|oo.
30 WWW h5?!
I79
Thcrout|octcxt|s|ocxct.AOMBotv|oo|kh|ot
cdout, thcpcrccpt|vc3O . . . Bd8| |s |oordcrto chasc h|tc's
K|oawayfrom |tscxcc||cotccotcr|oat|oow|th3I...Nc7+. lt
shou|dbaddcdthatcxchaocofKo|htsoffcnooprom|to
Wh|tc,as B|ack'spos|t|oo |o apurc|shopcodamc |s rock
so||d.
31 Bg7! B8
A|soaftcr3I... Bd6Wh|tc"prcvcots thcKo|htchcck
ooc7bymcaosof32Bf6|
32 Bf! Bb
Wh|tc |sc|car|ybcttcraftcr32 ... Nc7+ 33 Bxc7 Bxc7
34 Nc5+ Kc8. l o th|s scqucocc, thc damac from 3O...h5!|
comcs throuh vcryc|car. bccauscofthcwcakocss oo 6,
B|ackcaoootchathcKo|tawayw|th.. .f6.Wh||cthctcxt |s
O.K.,thc p|aobch|od|t t
ccxchaocofB|shops |soot. lo
aoyca,lwou|d|cavcthcB|shopoothch4 h8d|aooa|aod
p|ay32... Bf6.
33 Bc Ne7+
33...Bc7or33...Bd8makcmorcobcauthcB|ack
B|shop|saodcfcodcr.
34 Kc4 Bxc?!
Aodhcrc34. . . Bc7makcsB|ack'sdcfcos|vc]oba |ot
cas|cr.
35 Kxc Kc7?
Arcady thc dcc|s|vc crror bcau Wh|tc's Ko|ht cao
oow causc a fuodamcota| wcakco|o of B| ack's K|os|dc.
Concct|s35... Nc8|daftcr36N5,36 ... Kc7.B|ack'sp|t|oo
thcorcma|osdcfcos|b|c.
36 NgS!
What ad|ffcrcoccooc movc cao makc| B|ack oow |s
I8
forccdtocrcatcama]orpmaocotwcakoc .
(I)36.. .f5 37Kd4Nc6+ (Or37...Kd6 38Nf+ Kd7 39 Kc5.)
38Kd5Kd7 39Kc5Kc7 +Nc6+ (Pachmao).
(2)36...b+ 37Kdf6 38Nh7N8 39Kd5Kd7 +N0+.
l ocachofthcqucoccWh|tcw|osapawo.
36 ... f6 37 Nh7 f
Wonc|s37.. . N8 38Kd5Kd7 39N0+.
38 h4! f4
B|ack|sa|rcadya|most|ozuaoAftcr38... b+OM
Botv|oo|k|vcsthcfo||ow|ovar|at|oo.9Kd4Kd6 4ON0|
Nc6+ 4IKc3Nc5 42Kf4aodthc-pawoo|ot.
39 Nt b+?!
OM Botv|oo| kcoos|dcrs B|ack's bcst chaocc tobc
39...f3| 4O3Nf5 4I Nx6Nx3| ,whco aftcr42 Kd4 Wh|tc
w|||capturcthcf-pawodthus apawoup,butB|ackkccp
rcaoab|cpract|ca|draw|ochaocc.
4Kd4 Nf+
lt'sto |atcoowfor+... O!| 423Nf5+bcauWh|tc
has 43 Kd| .
41 Ke4 Nxh4
Or4I...O 42KNxh4+ 43KgNf5+ 4Kf4.
42 Ne6+ Kc 4 Nx4 K
lostcad43...5 a||owsawooK&Pcodamctcr4|
4 45 h4.Accord|oto OM Botv|oo|k,th|s|swhat
M
Ho|movhadovcr|okcdwhcop|ay|o39... b+!| .
g3 Nf 4 Nxg6 Nh6 4 Ne!
Thccom|oKo|htmcuvcrstopsB|ack'scouotcq|ay
I8I
oo thc Quccos|dc, a||ow|o Wh|tctorca||u h|s advaotgc oo
thcK|og|dc.
4 Ka4 47 Nc4 Kb3
Thcw|o |sa|so rout|ocaftcr 47. . . Kb5 48 Nb2, |t|s
prcnyaftcr47 ... b5 4NcK 49Nc6| .
48 Nxb6 Kxa3 49 Nd5 Kb3 50 f4 Kc4 51 Nc7 Kxb4 52
Nxa6+ B|ackrc|os.
Aftcr52. . . Kc4 53 Nb8 N4 54Nd7 Wh|tc has ao
c|cmcotaryw|o.
WhcrcWh|tchadoostructura|supcr|or|qatthcstart
ofthc prcv|ouscxamp|c, h|s s||ht advaotac |o D|@am IO3,
V. Ba|rov - E. Svcsho| kov,Lvov I978,aftcrWh|tc's32od
movc, |s a||structura|. thc potcot|a| wcakocss ofB|ack's b-
pawo aod morc ccotra|spaccbccauscofthcc5pawo. Yct
othcrw|sc B|ackstaodswc||. agood Ko|ht aod a K|o ooc
tcmpc|oscrtothcccotcrthao
h|tc's.Thcrcforc |t|sooth|o
shonoftouod|ohowqu|ck|yB|ack|f-dctructs.
D|ar IO3
32 W .5?
Apparcot|yB|ackoo|ycxpccts 33 3!| whco aftcr 33
gxf4 34 4 K7asctof pawoshavcbccocxchaocd aod
h|tc's
rotB|ackshou|dtokccpthcstatusquoaodp|ay
35... K0
36 e6+ Kx6 37 Ke K 38 h3 a 39 g4+! Kg6 4 Nc Kf6
41 Ne4+ K6
Aftcrthctcxt B|ack'sK|orcma|os aspcctatorwh||c
Wh|tc'sstartsh|sworkoothcQuccos|dc.Atcrthcact|vc
a|tcmat|vc,4I... Kc5,OM B|rov|vcthc fo||ow|ocoov|oc
|ovar|at|oo.42Nx5a4 4 h4 44 b3 Nc7 45NO+ Kf6
+Kd4 Nd5 47Nd2K 48 Nc4 K 49 Kc4 Nc+ 5OKxb4
Nxg4 5IKxa3Kf5 52 Nc5 c5 53
ofB|ack's Qucco-
s|dc.B| ack'scouotcrp|aycomcstoo|atcsmccWh|tc'sp|cccs
cao stop thc c
[
awo whcrcas B|ack |s dcfcosc|css aa|ost
Wh|tc'sQuccostdcadvaoccs. Thcouts|dc passcd pawow|os
aa|o|
47 WNf 4 Nc Kf6 49 Nxb Nxh3 50 a4Ke6 51 Kc! e4 52
I8
a4 e 53 Nc e 54 a6 Nf4 55 a7 Nd3+ 56 K5 B|ackrc|s
A br|cf|ookat D| aram IO4, O. !skov B. | arsco,
D|shhamp|oosh|pMatchI975,Oc I,aftcrB|ack's3Oh
movc, cao cvco |catothccrroocouscooc|us|oothatWh|tc
hassomcadvaotac. B|ack'sapawo maybvu|ocrab|c, B|ack
hdoub|cdfpawosaodao|atcdh-pawo.
D|aram IO
Thctruth, howcvcr,|s]ustthcopp|tc. |t|sB|ackwho
|ss||ht|ybttcrbcauofspat|a|advaotacaodthcoppnu-
o|qtobu||dastrooccotcrw|th ...f6aodMMM c.B|ackdoot
havctoworryaboutthchpawobccauscWh|tccao'tctat|t
aodB|ackcaodcfcodthcapawowc||coouh.Oothcothcr
haod,|t|sWh|tc'scpawothat|sabackwarpawo,w|||bcof
oooffcos|vc hc|paod |sptcot|a||yvu|ocrab|c.Thcrcforc,thc
p|aycrw|th thc s||ht d|sadvaotac must uodcrstaod thc cs-
occofthcps|t|oosooottostumb|c|ototroub|c.Yct,]ust
as |o thc
[
rcv|ouscxamp|c,sooo (w|th|o scvco movcs|)hc|s
|ost.Th|stshowWh|tcbrouht|tabut.
31 f4
P|ayab|c,butootvcqrccpt|vcbcau|twccosthc
cucatat|mcwhcoB|ack's|
hthasrcadyaccc to|t.
OM Larsco hsuctcd thc fo||ow accuratc way to hcad
towdscua||ty 3 Na5| Nc7 32Nb7Nc6 33 f4| fo||owcdby
34K ao354.
31 ... f6 32 h4??
I84
A am|utc|ycr|m|oa|movc.Wh|tccrcatca|ootcm
ptcot|a| prob|cm ooh4aodforcc|mthcp|b|||
Q
o||qu|-
dat|othcK|og|dcpawosaItcra|atcr4,wh||cachtcv|ooot
ao |otaofva|uc |orctum.OMLosu@ctsthcos|bc32
KQ,fo||owcdbyact|vat|othcKo|htw|th33Na5,a|m|ofor
thcpIaoprccotcd|o thcprcv|ousootc.
32 WWW K 33 K Ke7 34 K Kd7 35 K Kc7 36 K Ne7! 37
a??
Aftcr ' ' cr|m|oa||y touch|o h|s hpawo oo Movc 32,
Wh|tcoowdocsthcsamctothcapawo.Thcoo|y
a|oIrom
thctcxt|sthath|sKo|hthaspart|a|accc tob and|cu|ous-
|ysma|| rcturo for crcat|o a hopc|css|yvu|ocrab|c apawo.
NowWh|tc|stota||y|ost.H|sps|t|oo|suop|casaot,ofcoum,
butthat|shard|ythcrcao formak|othcs|tuat|oowom.A
oorma|scqucoccwou|db37KOKc6 38Ko6 39K c5
39fxc5 (Or39Nd2Kd5 ctc.) 39...fxc5 4O Nd2Kd5fo||owcd
by... c4.
37 ... Nc8 38 kel Kc6 39 K Kd5 4 Kel e 41 K Ke6 42
Kel Ne7 4 K
Bccauscofthcwcakocssofthchpawo, Wh|tccaooot
avo|d catur|oooc5,thcrcbyd|sso|v|oB| ack'sdoub|cd
pawos. MLarsco|vcsthcfo||ow|ocxamp|c.43Nd2N6
44 Kf3 Kd5| (44. . . g4! 45 Nx4+ 46 3N
6 47 Nf3
a||ows Wh|tcasucccssfu| b