History of Reverse Engineering The military served as an early platform for the application of the practice in question.

This application came in wars that incorporated new forms of technology. Thus, in modern conflicts like World War I or World War II, reverse engineering becomes vital in countries finding out how their enemies' new weaponry and transportation worked. An example of this is with the history of what is called the Jerry Can. The Jerry Can is a steel fuel container that was used throughout World War II. There were other fuel containers in use when this new can was introduced. But, the clever design of the Jerry Can allowed for greater transportability and more efficient pouring. The U.S. army and its British ally made great use of these Jerry Jugs thanks to their German enemies. Germany had invented these fuel containers as the Second World War approached. When the allied forces gained access to some of these containers (by either finding them or stealing them), they copied or reverse engineered the invention. However, many are unfamiliar with the origin of this common product. This is just one of hundreds of examples in which reverse engineering has been used to steal . History of Rapid Prototyping Rapid prototyping refers to physical objects that are automatically constructed with the aid of additive manufacturing technology. Rapid prototyping is quite a recent invention. The first machine of rapid prototyping hit the markets in the late 1980s. The early rapid prototyping process derived its name from the activities and the purpose for which the earlier machines were utilized. History of CMM ( Coordinate Measuring Machine) The coordinate measuring machine first appeared at the International Machine Tool exhibition in Paris in 1959 exhibited by the British company Ferranti having delivered the worlds first commercially available general purpose computer in 1951. The CMM quickly evolved with a plethora of CMM manufacturers from European Countries, USA and Japan entering the field in the mid 1960s; the uptake of coordinate measuring machines by manufacturing companies rapidly gathered pace after the introduction of the Touch Trigger Probe by Renishaw in the early 1970s. History of 3D Software Though there are many contributors to computer animation, 3D animation is often attributed to William Fetter. William Fetter worked for Boeing during the 1960s using computers to animate and design certain models. One of his projects involved making what came to be known as "The Boeing Man." It was a three-dimensional representation of the human body. It was then that Fetter coined the term "computer graphics."

Shrinkage Factor Percentage by which an output falls short of the estimated or planned output. Percentage of the total inventory by which a loss due to counting or recording errors, or from pilferage, spoilage, theft, or wastage occurs.

Roundness The measure of the sharpness of a particle's edges and corners.

Theoretical value for Roundness (2D) A single trace covering the full rotation is made and at each equally spaced angle, ,a

measurement, , of the radius or distance between the center of rotation and the surface point. A least-squares fit to the data gives the following estimators of the parameters of the circle:

The deviation is then measured as:

Calibration Calibration is a comparison between measurements one of known magnitude or correctness made or set with one device and another measurement made in as similar a way as possible with a second device. The formal definition of calibration by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is the following: "Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or secondary standard) and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication."

Material Properties Strength - The ability of a material to stand up to forces being applied without it bending, breaking, shattering or deforming in any way. Elasticity - The ability of a material to absorb force and flex in different directions, returning to its original position. Plasticity - The ability of a material to be change in shape permanently. Ductility - The ability of a material to change shape (deform) usually by stretching along its length. Tensile strength - The ability of a material to stretch without breaking or snapping.

Traceability Traceability is the ability to verify the history, location, or application of an item by means of documented recorded identification. Other common definitions include to capability (and implementation) of keeping track of a given set or type of information to a given degree, or the ability to chronologically interrelate uniquely identifiable entities in a way that is verifiable.

Standard Tessellation Language

STL (STereoLithography) is a file format native to the stereolithography CAD software created by 3D Systems. STL is also known as Standard Tessellation Language. This file format is supported by many other software packages; it is widely used for rapid prototyping and computer-aided manufacturing. STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. The STL format specifies both ASCII and binary representations. Binary files are more common, since they are more compact.