VDI/VDE-IT – to bring High-tech to success

I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH

is a competent and reliable partner in the High-tech area for
economy, science/research and politics for more than 25 years

grants and accompanies innovation processes in the interface
between these three fields

with its interdisciplinary team of about 100 natural scientists,
engineers, social- and economic scientists VDI/VDE-IT is able to
consider and to realise all phases of innovation processes

politics

economy science

© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 1

 The concept of Smart Building - Definition
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

What do we mean when speaking about a smart building?

“Smart” means the building is operated and controlled using networked devices
with microelectronics and microsystems (i. e. processors, sensors and
actuators).

What has to be controlled?

• (all kinds of) heating, ventilation, air conditioning/cooling, lighting and light
management, shutters/blinds, windows/doors, supply of energy and energy
consumption, safety and security, transportation (lift, escalator)
• household devices like fridge, cooker, cleaner and washing machine, external
devices like mower, watering system (for plants)

It is not only about control, but convenience, too: One can manage a networked
system easily via telephone or internet

This is a huge market, Frost&Sullivan estimated in Northern America alone for

2003 12,39 billion $ and expect for 2009 21,89 billion $.

© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 2

 The concept of Smart Building - Standards
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

In the world there are three main regions with different standards in
building automation (in total there are much more different systems):

Source: www.cutter.com/energy/reports/homeauto.htm
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 3
 The concept of Smart Building - Japan
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

The development of HBS (Home Bus System) has been funded by one
of the largest capital investment in home automation anywhere. HBS
has been a joint project of MITI, the Ministry of International Trade &
Industry, REEA, the Radio Engineering & Electronics Association, and
EIAJ, the EIA of Japan. Also, major Japanese consumer electronics
companies have participated.
1981 the HBS research began.
1983 the first version of HBS standard specification was proposed
1986 Japanese HBS standard specification called ET2101
recommended by EIAJ/REEA.
1987 a Super-HBS specification for condominium was proposed.
1997 a HBS/ISDN gateway was developed.
2000 a remote HBS conformance test system via ISDN was proposed.
About one million systems are in use.
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 4
 The concept of Smart Building - Japan
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

Fukuoka Institute of Technology

© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 5

 The concept of Smart Building - USA
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

Powerline carrier (PLC) products from the X-10 company are widely
used examples. While X-10 is a trademarked name and a proprietary
communications protocol (developed 1978), many companies make X-
10 compliant products. Its very simple and widely used by hobbyists.
Other PLC communication products are less likely to have errors while
communicating and offer higher data rates than X-10, so more
complicated functions can be controlled. These products use a
technique called spread spectrum.
One variation from Intellon conforms to the Consumer Electronics Bus
(CEBus) standard of the Electronic Industries Association, it is for the
American market only.
The other variation, called Local Operating Network (LON) is from
Echelon. It was introduced in 1991. The company sells its proprietary
hardware based method directly to manufacturers. LON is also used in
Europe.
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 6
 The concept of Smart Building - Europe/Germany
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

In Europe there were three different approaches:

European Installation Bus (EIB)
In the late 80s a special bus for buildings was developed under
leadership of Siemens. The EIB (European Installation Bus) was created
together with several German companies (Merten, GIRA, INSTA, ...).
European Home Systems (EHS)
A European industry and government collaboration on home automation
that started in 1984 became ESPRIT II Home Systems and has received
a cumulative investment by the European Commission of about $70
million. The first specification was released in 1991. It was renamed
European Home Systems (EHS) in 1995.

© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 7

 The concept of Smart Building - Europe/Germany
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

Batibus
BatiBUS development was led by Groupe Schneider in France

Konnex
A major announcement affecting the building and home automation
markets in Europe was made in June 1997: EHS, EIB and BatiBUS
communications protocols should be merged into one protocol. Also, the
respective trade associations, EHSA, EIBA and Club BatiBUS, would be
combined into a new association. The specification took more time than
planned, but it was realised in 2002.
The physical layers of BatiBUS and EIB, both based on twisted-pair (TP)
wiring, are retained. Other media supported are PLC, radio (RF), and
infrared (IR). Application models include a shared-variable mode and a
device-oriented mode. Common objects and application profiles
promote interworking.
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 8
 The concept of Smart Building - Europe/Germany
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

For the KNX-bus main assets are:

- interoperability
- product quality (EN 50090-2-2, ISO 9000)
- standardised functionality (profiles of common applications are
integrated)

Since 2004 KNX 1.1 includes also KNX USB specifications, KNX over IP
and KNX extension for metering

KNX is well suited for homes and buildings as well. In buildings it is used
in the field level and is complemented by BACnet in the automation level
and Ethernet, TCP/IP in the management level.

KNX is well accepted in Europe and abroad, from ABB to Wieland there
are more than 100 members in the Konnex-Association.
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 9
 The concept of Smart Building - Comparison
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

The following table gives the main data for comparison:

CEBus LON KNX HBS

TP, PL, CX, RF, TP0, TP1, PL,
Media IR TP, RF, PL RF, IP TP, CX, PL, IR
Processor no specific Neuron-IC no specific no specific
protocol OSI layer 1-3,7 OSI layer 1-7 OSI layer 1-4,7 OSI layer 1-3,7
78 kbit/s (2km),
data rate TP 10 kbit/s (1km) 1,25 Mbit/s (130 m) 9,6 kbit/s (1 km) ?
data rate PL 10 kbit/s 5,65 kbit/s house 1,2 kbit/s ?
authentification ? yes ? ?
"hot" configuration yes possible yes ?
application home home, building home, building home

We see that for buildings EIB/KNX and LON are the best suited systems.
© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 10
 The concept of Smart Building - Vision
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

If we look at real projects, the situation is even more complicated.

Besides the systems discussed above, there are proprietary and
standardised systems in use in the house or building.

But what does the market (the customer) want?

Competition on applications and not on communications.

So the aim should be to offer solutions (and close the gap between the
systems via gateways etc) and show how easy they work.

During our workshop there are several presentations concerning this

subject. Yesterday Ms. Stuhl showed us the Tucherschloss, today ABB,
Siemens or Wieland will present their specific examples.

© VDI/VDE-IT Qingdao 19.04.2005 11

 The concept of Smart Building - Vision
I n n o v a t i o n + T e c h n i k

tele-haus TU Munich

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