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Study Guides General Chemistry II Exam III
Study Guides General Chemistry II Exam III
Study Guides General Chemistry II Exam III
Buffers
Some Important Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
Polyprotic acid: acids that can give up more than one hydrogen ion. (H2SO4, H3PO4)
Ie H2O OH- + H+
Equivalence point: When exactly enough base has been added to neutralize all
the acid that was initially present (this is not when the solution is neutral!!!) Its pH
at this point can be 7, but can be something else!!
For buffers, the middle of the buffer region is the half-equivalence point pH = pKa
(for acid). Double the volume of the base or acid that is being added, that is the
equivalence point.
Titration
pH at eq
start with titrate with point
Weak acid Strong base >7
Strong acid Strong base 7
Strong base Strong acid 7
Weak base Strong acid <7
Q = K equilibrium
Q < K unsaturated
Thermodynamics
ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
If you need more help, feel free to contact me, I’ll try to respond as soon as
possible. If enough people need more help, I can meet with you guys on Wednesday.
mwu@mines.edu
The answer key, practice test, review guide are all posted online: