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P-K-Zp-f|-c-t b--t A-lo--un an-ân-Wm. A-Xo--tS Rn u\-So-b A-lo-em F-\o-m
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an-Xn-=w ]o-Xn-=w F-\o-n-bo A--~o- b-an-W-un F-\o-m B-In-f-t-w -ao-ubw A--an-b udn-I-t-w u\--en f-2o\-o-b-Xm F- Xo-co--lo-en-Wm. H-w B Xo-co--loem ]o-J-E-W-u_n-[-t-w F-o-td-o-. E-W
479 4 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
-u_n-[w tIn- a-\-m E-W--2o--tS e-ko A-u\|go-n-tX fn--an-eo-. A-e-tS-bn-Wm uZ-e-n-tS e-ko-tb \nw \-S-%--Xm. an-J-an ]o-J -an
B-Nn-cy-en !--ugn ue-Z F-n-Wm B an-Ko-ud-%- Zo-fn--No-a-w. an-Xn-=w ]o-Xn-=w
(an-J-]o-J-]-c--c) I-ko-m a--gy In--
uZ-e-\n-Wm B-Nn-cy.-a--gy-f-cp-c-o-t eo-In-h-o ~-1N-cy-]n-d-\-n \-Xo--uS-w h-ams-Xo--uS-w
eo-n-\-ua-J-d-I-jo a-\-m e-o No-w F-p
eo--b-X-|-u_n-[-t B-Nn-c eo-n-\
eo-Nn-c--jn h|n-[p-\o-%- Y--]n-c--cy-ot !-W-X-bn-Wm B-Nn-cy-]-Z-eo-tb a-i-\p-ban-%--Xm. ey-2o h--i-o-td D-Zn--]--tj I-t-K--Hw Xyn-Kw b-w cn-{-u_n-[w
F-o-e-tb X-t n-\-ap-anw-h-bn D-l-o%--Hw eo-Zy-bn-dn-Wm. a--gy-t\ -K-o
\o-w o--an-%- eo-Zy-tb Y--X|-u_n-[-o
5-Xo-~o-%- uZ-e-X|n-P-\w hn-[o-X-an-%--Xm
B-Nn-cy-hn-ap-]y-n-dn-Wm. A-Xo-\n-d-u^
A-Y-e-ue-Zw C--t\ B hn-ap-]y-t A-lo-bo%--Xm, B-Nn-cy D-]-\-b-an-u\n ~-1-Nn-co-Ww
#--uX K-cm-a-x. Xw cn-^p-o- D-Z-uc _o-cmXo, Xw Pn-Xw -x-a-]o hw-b-o uZ-enx. B-Nncy D-]-\-bo- ~-1-Nn-co-tb h|-K--o \oK-. F-o-m D-Z-c-o (ue--tX-nw ]n-Iw
tN- c-h-an-o \--o-Sw D-Z-cw) Hv-Zn-cy-un-tS
]-co-]n-do-%-. C-Xm - cn-ô-bn-Wm. ~-1-N-cyo-t --In-d--m. e--In-dw, --In-dw, B-ZoXy-In-dw F-o--t\ 24,36,48 e-b--e-tc C-e
b-Yn-?-aw Zp-Lo-%-. Cv-In-d- ~-1-Nnco-m cn-ô-bn-Wm. h|-bw-N-cy-I-jo-. B-Nn-cy
te-jo-w In-o N-co-o--Ww. C-w--So \-S-n
A--en-Z-ao-n- In-dw F--Qw. ]o-t P-w
\-o Z|o-P-\n-o-bn uZ-e-I C-bn-tj h--fom hw-J--cn-!-. B-Nn-cy-K--o-\o- P-\o%--bn-jo-\n-Wm Z|o-P-X|w d-o-%-I. Z|o-P-X|w
uZ-e-X|-]-Z-eo-tb 5-Zn-\w tN---H -So-bn-Wm.
C-eo-tS a-tn- 5-[n-\-In-cyw -So [-u-b-an-Wm.
an-Xn-eo-u\-w ]o-Xn-eo-u\-w X-t I-a-_-n h|-bw tX-c-t---e-cn-Wm \nw G-e-w.
B -2-an-b -\p-Yx \p-Xo B-Nn-cy-]--Kw
5--2-an-Wm. uZ-e-E-W-o-t B-Zo-a-u_n-[yw
]o-J-E-W-o-t -o--l-o- -So-bn-Wm F-m
\nw A-lo-ub-o-bo-co-%-.
c-1 E-W--;w a-tn- E-W-t-&-So
\--m \---m E-goE-Ww. ue-Z-un--E-Ww.

eo-n-\-un-- E-Ww. n-c-Xp-b-t F-n-dt-w e-do-b hv-n-Kyw eo-Zy-tIn-m 5-e-X-bn-Po--e a-Bo uZ-e-\n-Wm, A- uZ-euZ-e X-t-bn-Wm F- u_n-[-an-Wm. eo-Zy--tS
n-\-o-t -o a-Bo-- h-e-Hw
\-ao-%-. A-H tIn-n-W-un \nw n-c-Xo
E-go--ao-bo, b---ao-bo, [-a--ao-bo
P-\o-n-\n-bo a-t-n E-W--;w ep-o A-u\-IP-w In-o---Xm. n-c-Xp-b-t cn-{-u-iw
eo-f|-cn-{-h--+-o !-l-- H-o-u\-w
C-n-d-a-^-w C-w C-\o-w 5-Zn-\w tN-nXo---Hw A-Xo-\n-d-t^. B D-Zn--=w D-a-=-an-b u_n-[y-n E-o-\n R-
-f|-cn \o-un-Sm 5n-Yo-%--tX-t-n
D--a-\p-Xo-]-Y--tj ]-do-%- B-Zo-n-\-h|-]-\n-Wm \p, A-n-\-\n-f-I--an-Wm A-m,
eo-fn-d-eo--X-an-b Zo-ey-K-K-\--uj-w -ao-ub-w
A-\--an-b udn-I-t-w -eo-n-\-uZ-en-cn hw-J--an-b b--n \p hw-c-oX-an-o \o-e-ho-o-%-. \o-t B b--ot, [-a-o-t ]-Xn-I-tb D-b-c--jo--t
R- 5-Xo-~o--t. F-n-Wm. 5nY\
tS ^danWm uZfuiw D H P\X
\m eof|Ncoôtd eoanb GIjo
X;uSXnbXot\tbnw X;uSXnXno
ucJto A\anb Indo DP|danbo
BZo ainbo tXjom tXjom eojXm.
ue-Z-a---jo C-eo-tS uI-H f-p-ndn-Wm ]-Xn-I-tb 5-I-S-an-%--Xm. u[-~!--gn--tS No--an-Wm ]-Xn-I-tb-m E-go-n-gyw.
A-Xo-t A-o-an-\-o-w c--b-m%-an-bo Pp-e
_-do-\---e B ]-Xn-I-bo X-t X-t
f-cp-c-t h-a-o-%-. A-e--ue-o-bn-W-u^
]n-c--c--^w a--t 5-I-S-an-o-b-Xm. Hnw
A-Nz-Xn-b v-an-b h|n-in F-m (]n-c--cw 3.4.3)
A--ubn ep-c-ubn-n-ue \o-\-m -ao-bo
a-c-W-ao-, Nz-Xo-bo- F--lo--I. B--tS ]-XnI-tb \p In-K hw-c-o--uen B a--gy-cn-fo
\o-u a-l-u-nw \o-t _--P-\- X-t
\o-u a-l-u-nw F-n cn-{w -\p-Ynx
D--a-\p-Xo-]-Y--tj ]-ndo-%- B-Zo-Xy-\n
]-co-]n-do--t--. A-e-\o \p A-Nz-X-\n-bo
\o-d-tIn-=w. B-Zo-Xyn -n e-h-ex -\p-Yn Zynen-n-an #-Yo-ep A--co--am F- ?-a-t
E-go B-Zo-Xy = u\-Xn-en-b cn-Pn-em, - =
tth-\o-I, e- = [-\o-I, Zyv = en-h-ubn-Kyan-b 5-#-Xo a-7-dw, #-Y|o = -ao, A--co--w
= Ncn-N-c-P-K-m, F-nw ]-Xn-I-bn
hw-c-o-X-an-I-t F-m A-Yw ]-l-o-co-%-.
u[~ !gnm ]XnI botw
XynKotw [aotw [pcXuSw
5XpIanWm. Ae AetS eoZytSw Aoan
\otw 5XpIanbo ]XnItb Db d
jo Db Xdjo Xt 5Xo~o%Iw
hwco%Iw tN.
h-Xyan-bbnabaw
-PpPp-en-Zn-eo-t ~-1-5n-o-m h-Xy-ta-w ]-l-w. C-Hw D-]-\o-g-Zm c-i-hy-an-Wm. D-]+\o+h-Xm

B-Wm D-]-\o-g-Xm B-b-Xm. A--m, A-Xy--h-ap-]w h-Xm B-bo-co-%--Xn-Wm D-]-\o-g-Xm. B h-Xm
b-am F--H -So uN-%-un h-Xmb-am F- ]-Zw Io-w. h A--X-=w Xo a-Xy-=w F- ]-l--un
eo-Zy-w A-eo-Zy-w F-m b-Yn-?-aw A-Y-ta---Ww. Pp-en-Zn-eo-\m ~-1-t-un-td h-e-eyn-]
I-an-bo e-o-%-en hn-[y-a-. F-t-n Pp-en-Zn-em -K-X-c-=w A-+-=w C-n--=w uZ|-go-w
5-b-U-fp-d-w -Jo-w x-Jo-w A-+---an-!-. ]-c-an-Zn-en-I-t, g-i-Kw -K-X-a-=w, C-nuZ|-g-5-b-U--J-x-Jc-io-X-\n-b h-e--w. Pp-en-Zn-em f-cp-cw [-co-%w. ]-c-an-Zn-em f-cp-cw
-co-%-I-bo-. ]-c-an-Zn-em h|-n-ue-\ h-Xy-an-Wm. Pp-en-Zn-em 5-b-U-n-dn-Wm h-Xy-o-td h-Xm
B-=-I. A-Xo a-Xy-=w A-a-Xy-=w h-an-\-n-e-o--m. I-a-=w n-\-=w Pp-en-Zn-eo h-a\|-bo-o-co-%-.
. Cv h-a-\|-bw h|--K-5n-o-% In-c-W-an-Wm. -dv-Io-Ihv-Jy-an-W-Xm. Cv hv-Jy
-d-to I-a-t B--Z-an-o-bn-Wm. In-d-?-a-o Cv h|-Kw ~-1n-\--o-ud-% \-bo-w. In-dw
bn-a-an-Wm. bn-a-o-\m b-a-tIn-d-t5
5-en-iw F- Xn-Xm]-cyw. C-Xm ey--\-eo-]-cy-b-ta- eyn-I
-c-W-cp-Xo 5-In-cw Xo-co-o-n an-b B-!w. In-d-5-en-i-ta- A-o-cn-e--bn-Wo-Xm. C-H an-cen n-\-d-to D-n-I-Ww. B n-\-d-to an-bn-P-\yP-\-\-a-c-W--jo \o-m ~-1n-\--oud-m D-]-\o-g-Zmue-n-eo-t\D-]-\o-g-m A-lo- Po-n--eo-t\\-bo-w. A-Xo-\m h-Xm b-am
F- hw---tS A-Yw r-io-n a-Xo. AXnWm h-Xyan-bbnabaw
h|. \ucg
\uc g
+xn 479 5
5hn[I
hn[I%lom
lom
~n1uWn
uWnfhy
hy JanhpXm
JanhpXm
eoeXfCe
eoeX
Ce uX Jw
Jw ~1nn X|w euZn _*.
_
tXo\obotd ]!m
] m (\ndnw nKw)
Egoan ncXo\ob n\?otd
canb !jnWm D]\ogKI. AXm
ueZeynJyn\jnWm, A ueZw XtbnWm
F enZo%em. D]\ogKI;w ~n1
W;w ueZeynJyn\jnWm FnWm 5nNp\
EgoanuSw B\oI\nb Zbn\tw
aXw. OnunuKyn]\ogo \ndnw 5]nT
Iot \ndnw J7w 5fanb H IY
ubnSnWm Bcwo%Xm. CXnWm B IYtS
w. h-Xy-In-a A--bn-b P-n_n-d-ubn-
uNn-Zo- A-u! Rn ~-1-N-cyw (eo-Zyn-yn-hw)
B-cw-o%. Rn ]o--S---Xm G-H uKn-ôdn-Wm?- A-e ]-l- uan-u\! F-\o--lo--Sn \o-t uKn-^w G-Xn-tW-m. A-u\-Iw
C-S--jo ]-co-Nn-co-I-bn-bo uPn-do tN- u]n-
F-\o-m bv-e-\-o \o-t Io-o-tb--lo-bnw.
A-t\ \-S- F-\o-m A-lo-eo-, G-H uKn-^n-c-\n-Wm \p F-m. Pn--_n-dn F-n-tW-t
u]-cm, h-Xy-In-a F-n-Wm \o-t u]-cm. A-Xo
-\n \p, P-n_n-d--tS !-^ h-Xy-In-a-\n-Wm
Fm KvXa ]-l-tIn>-. B (h-Xy-In-a)
Kv-X-a-uKn-^-o ]o-l- i-co--an-t !-^
in-co--a-t ]--td-o ]-l-. A---tS
A--K\om eo-Zyn-yn-hw u\-So-tb--nw F-
I--Xo-bn-Wm A---tS A--m eeo-co-%Xm. A-e-u\n-Sm in-co--aKv-X-a ]-l-. B-I-t
!-o \p G-H uKn-^-n-c-\n-Wm? A-e 5-Xoe-No- ''F-\o--lo---Sn A-o-e-y-uc! G-H
uKn-^-n-c-\n-Wm Rn-t\-m. A--ubn-Sm Rn\o-H uNn-Zo-. A-- F-un-Sm ]-l-Xm ''e-j-tc
C-S--jo h--co--m ]-co-Nn-co-I-bn-bo ]-Wotb--o--m. bv-e-\-o \o-t F-\om
Io-o F--lo-bnw. B F-\o-m \o-t uKn-^w
G-Xn-Wm F-m A-lo---Sn. F-t u]-cm
P-n_n-d F-n-Wm. h-Xy-In-a-t\-m \o-t u]-cm
479 6 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
''A-^--a-lo-bnw. A-H-tIn-m h-Xy-In-a P-n-_n-d\n-Wm Rn e-y-uc!'' F-m h-Xy-In-a ]-l-

\o-o.-- h-Xy-In-a-u\n-Sm Y- ]-l-. C--t\
- A-Ip-o-I-can-b In-cyw ~n-1-W-\-n-e-\m ]-l-bn I-ko-=-n-!-I-bo-. A-Xo-\n
\p ~n-1-WuKn-^-o ]ole Xt- h-aom tIn-m e- !-u! \o-t Rn D-]-\bo-nw. i-co--an-t !-^ in-co--anncom
FeotS? hXyInaw Pn_ndw FeotS?.
hXyo eod \no Cetnt
Ppeonw. Cn CSjo \m Ge%w
Ppeonw.
C-m n-c-X-o D-]-\o-g-o-td I-Y
uI-o-o-n--e-cn-W-[o-I-=w. ]-I-cw \nw G-I-dey-t-w fw-f-I-t-w I-Y-I-jo n-\-]p-T
-o-t hn-[y-X-I-tj uX---e -So-bn-Wm.
cn-a-w #--w ]-To- On-un-uKyn-]-\o-gm A-e-m uf-gw ]o-l--Xn-tW-m B-ucn
\-u u_n-[y-t--o-b-un-?w I-Y--tS
hn--iy-ep--W-t \nw I-o-. [p-#--t
h-a-In-do-I-\n-Wm G-I-d-ey F- \nw Hn-o
-. G-I-d-ey-t t]--eo-c A-c-t-- un-W
- ]-To- I-Y-bn-Wo-tX-m B-w \--m ]-l-X-o-. A-Xo-c-Y-t !-^-\n-b I-W-m A-\-u\n-tSn-w X-t Y--!-d-o ]-T-\-hv-I-cytan--o-b un-W-t-w #-]-t-w Pn-Xo-]-]n-X-t \nw I-o-. [p-cn-a-w [p-#--w
-ao-bo ]o-l-o-u-bo- F-m eo-f|-ho-u-e-cn-Wm a--gy-uc-e-w F-m \-u ]-To-o%- \-e-]-7o-X-h-yn-ho e-K-o ]o-l-e-%w G-I-d-ey-w fw-f-I-w h|-w n-Xn-n-cn-Wm. A-e -ao-b Pp-eo-o---e
an-^-a- A-e--tS A-e-In-f- C-w hw-c-o-t-uS--Xo A-Xp-e [-n---;-an-Wm \nw.
cn-an-b-W-=w a-in-n-c-X-=w I-u]n-d-I-+o-X I-Y-I-
jn-bo-co-%w-un-?w fw-f-I-w G-I-d-ey-w

a-Bo-t a--jn-Wm. A-e--tS A-e-In-f-o-
ue-o-bn-Wm tX-o-\o-bo \nw A-S-w ]-l--Xm.
?oaX=w _vZf\=w Xo
_w \nw I1IkoXnWm. _vInd
ow m ncXo tteZoIhwncot
XoufgoI ItKen \nw 5bnht
KuegWjotuSXo. Fn tt?
eaXw b+ZaXot HSbntWm Noo
%un?w, ]noI;tS H tNlob h|n[p\w
]nLnXyudnIm \oug[on IkoX.
Fnbnw aXjo bve\2\nb Cnw
G=w Cjlnc\nboco%un?w, ]no,
b+Z, _v, ttP\, tt?e ]nccy
ot h|n[p\o \ow AXm XpKw
h|Xan=o. Indw aX;tS
h|n[p\w CnaotdoXm Hnucn aXo
tw \Itj anâ AXot _dip\
Xtj&SobnWm. -B-c 5--J a-X--;-tS In-db-j-eot\o \nw Noon --i---a-Xw,
?o--a-Xw, e--ttP\a-Xw, -X-a-Xw, Pmthncn-o-b-a-Xw, tteZoIue-Z-a-Xw F-ot\
]]nXcnioXy Ncoû_n[etS
Aot\ \oug[ouoeco. Ae In-d-?a-a--h-co-m 5nbw !l aXjo \ow
5nbw Sobecoudm ?ao A--o F-?Xo-b-Xn-tW-w hwfbnueXo. AYen
AXm Dnbn Ae ncXpbcnbhnnm
anân=w F Incyo hwfb=w ue.
-i--Zm-?o---a-X--uj-n ]-k-w e--a-Xo-\n-tW-w, ue-Z-a-Xw Pmthn-cn-o-b a-X
u- -n ]-kb
- X
- n-tW-w \o-Lb
- a- n-Wm. F-n
Pmthn-cn-o-b a-Xw A-^ 5-ho--a-. A-Xo
-\n C-e--tS ]-c--c-]-k--t--o A-+w
\m Noonw. tt_-_o-j--h-co-m t]-o-{-o-t eo-\-X
c-N-bo-Xn-en-b uan-f P-\o--Xm 1571 _o.-ho.-bodn-Wm. 1491 ttZ-e-eo-jo--n-bo. t]-o-{-Im
(]-k-b \o-b-a-o-td 5 A-[yn-bw) c-No--Xm uan-fb-t- NodtS en-Zw Aw-Kp-I-co-n, 450
_o.-ho.-bo F--bn-W-Xm c-No--tX- en-Zw
Aw-Kp-I-co--Ww.- th--e- --X 5n-Np-\an-Wm FnWm NcoÎncntS \oKa\w.
eouZfNcoÎncntS A-o-5n-b-o 1900
_o.-ho.-bo Pp-eo- A-~-in-ao-t h-a-In-dp-\-
\n-Wm Pmh-c-w-. A-Xn-b-Xm uan-f-m 400

e-gw -]m. CXm ]lXm H-nw -n-o-td
5-f- Nc-o-^-In-c-\n-b 8o-\obnWm. "uan-f-w
e-j-tc -]m, h-i-n-p- -]n-Wm Pmhc-w- Pp-eo-o--tw Pmh--w-- _n-_udn-Wo-b cn-Pn-en-bo Fw
_n_o
udnWob Ncoô No-^p-I-co-%-. _o.ho. 2200 w 2000 w a-u[y _n-_o-udn-Wo-b
-co--X-u-i-an-bo---u^. ]n-o-I-;-tS eo-I--r--tj--o \Sob ]T\jo InXm "
uan-f--tS In-dw -X (_o.-ho. 15001300). X-Uo-Im hn-io-Xy-o-t In-dw (F.-Uo. 960)
e-tc-- 2400 e-g-o-\o-S-bo-dn-Wm -X--tS
eo-I--hn-io-Xy--S-td---Xm. Pmthn-cn-o-b
hn-io-Xy-o-\m Cv K-W-\-b--h-co-m _o.-ho.
2800 c-N-\n-cw-w !-lo-bmu--Xn-Wm. ]n-o
a-X-n-]-I-t In-d-t--o rp-%-In eo-f|ho-%--Hw Cv In-d-K-W-\--an-bo t]n---uatl--m."- 5n-Np-\ rp-% hn-io-Xy-In-c-n--tS
hn-y-=w C-Xo--m. A-co-u$n-o-w -uUn-O-w,
u8-un-m 6000 e-gw -]n-Wm Pmh-c-w--t
In-d-ta- ]--n-cn-tW-o a-e No-d un-P
--o-w 5000 e-gw -t]- ]--n-cn-Wm.
atnw aXeonKtjuntd ]n-o-I-;w X
;tS aXom, C-Xo-td-nw e-do-b ]-k--an-W-eIn-f-t---Xm. G-Xn-bn-w t]-o-{-o-w ]n-Wm th--e--tb--Xm ?o-yn-\o-I-;w Cm
Aw-Kp-I-cooco%. ue-Z-o-\m th--e--tb-n ]-k-%--t-Xm B-w \o-ug-[o-%-ta- uXn--o-. \--tS
E-go-an-cn-In-t, A-Xo-t B-eo-n-ew an-\-e-wo--tS H-S--o-dn-tW- eo-f|n-h-n-cn-Wm.
C-tX-n-bn-w a--gy-t !--I-fn-d-bo C-Xow ]-k--- r--ao-. ncXw H cn{atw,
AXom H Nco^=w hwnc=aotw
n]otdnWm eoufguedtS heo
ufgdyw Fw I1w tIn1w Alo
Ph{m ]nXocoantS \ndm n1Ijn
5bUot ^dannb AnZaoIm
IIndoISenWm HnOmu^nUm Woueoow
Aeot Iokot Ioke ]T\uI
=w. 1600 eyn]ncw \Sn hmm CUyn
o\o HSob Cwuo Au eouf
guedtS eyn]nc=w H ]w Pa ]nXoco
an Bcwoo. tantjuSw ~opgm
IocpSotw D]Pn]jo X\om dy
+xn 479 7
anb u_nUtNb F eoufg howinh

\odom t5n-^. an-Oma{-m Ct\
]-lubo-e: "hn-io-Xyn-e-fo-w-ta- \o-d-m
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en%I A]coNoXanWm. Fnbnw
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bo Fm Hjow tXjow Cm
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c\nb -i---a-Xw -Jy-an-bo b-+-Z-a-X-o-w
n-Ko-I-an-bo b-+-Z-a-X-o-t A-So-n-\-an-b
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av-do-I-an-bo 5-[n-\-t--tXn--uan e-j-tc-ubn
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?o-, C-nw-a-X- C-Xo-u ]--K-b-obo-co-%-. ttZ-e-o-t I-+-\ \o-ao-w J-\y-Xbo-\o-m -wo B-eo--eo- F- eo-f|n-h-=w
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i-F-w G-Z-uXn--o eo-d-o-b I-\o-tbn-kotI F-w A---eo-n-- h|n-X-y-un-tS
]n-K-e-c-ue h---]-o e- hn-n-t
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479 8 +xn
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hw-_-o--tX-nw ]n-o-I-jo-\o- h|p-I-co-Xn-tW-m h--Xo-%---m. V-B-\o-dn-I-t,
Xn-W-e-\-o-t]-- Po--I-;-tS A-o-X|-t-m ]-To-o-%--m. C-e A-lo-f-cp-co-I-;w
!-tl-&-So -d-f-cp-co-I-;w --W-]n-\p-b-
I-ko-%--e-w h-n-u\n-Xm]-o \-S-K--ew -Xz-eo-\m A-[p-\--an-Wm. Cv eo-Nn-c-K-Xo,
ug-Uow F-tn--X-cw hn-n-n--t-
b-+-Z-eo-f|n-h-un-Sm e-j-tc t]n-----XnWm. 5-j-b-=w a-co--e--tS D-bo-w -D-bo-o-t
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eo[w b-+-Z-eo-f|n-h-un-Sm _tXnWm.
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ao--en-cw H-n-Wm. \---tS 5-Xo-\o-[o-w Xo--tS 5-Xo-\o-[o-w B-b c-1 f-2o-I ttZ-e=w hn-n-w D-t- B-f-b-=w b-+-Z-co
-\o- h|p-I-co--Xn-Wm am thaoIm aXtjnw.
tt_-_o-jo-w V-B-\o-w ]-l-- G-u-I-f|-c-enZ-o-t\ A-So-o--K- Cv B-f-b-=w b-+-Z
]n-o-I-jo-\o- h|p-I-co-. ]n-o-I Cv f-2oI-tj b-Yn-?-aw -n-a-\z F-w Aw-Ko-cn-a-\zw
F-w eo-jo-%-. ue-Z-o-td "!-Wy-]n-] hw-rn
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?-ua-W c-1 f-2o-I-jn-bo -]n--cw 5n-]o--Xm
]n-o-I-jo--tS-bntW-m \m a-\-o-dn-nw.
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\n- I-a--jn-Wm \o-n-cw (5n-Y-\) ucn-uP
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h--Zn-b-o-w b-+-Z-ucn-Sm I-S-n--m. A-e-w
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a-C-tIn-un te-w-tIn-un I-o-e--K-

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b-uY-ww --Ww I-ko-%-I-w tN b+Zcm.
Zn\ot Incyow hnaym h-nKw h-ZmIn-w. C-Xo-w eo-uf-g-\o-b-a-
\o-n-co-X-an-Wm. C-Hw b-+-Z-o-S-bo \o-d-eodo---XnWm.
CtXntbnboco%un?w -i-m F
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5-[n-\-an-bo--. A-Xo-t\ \o-ug-[o-%--Hw
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hn[yanWm. -C-^-w F-?-Xo-b-Xo-\o-m,
C-n-ao-td ao--en-cw a-X-ho-n---;w A--~n\--;w hn--io-I-ey-e--I-;w G-lo-b-]-w b-+Z-a-X-o-\o-w H-t-nw ]n-o-a-X-o-\o-w
h|p-I-co--Xn-tW- a-\-o-dn-nw. A-H-tIn-m,
V-B !-Xo-tbn- te-jo-]n-Sn-tW-un !-Xo-b
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- ]-l-u-nw. ]n-o-a-X-o c-1 ttZ-e-;--Xo-\n A-Xo-t\--o ]-l--I-ub ue-tw ]-l-u-nw. Cv-f|-c-t\ hw-_-o- ?oy h--+w V-B-\o-t\ A-u]-o-m u[-~-anWm. ?o-yn-\o-I X--;-tS ttZ-e-t --X
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C-Xo-\-Yw - ttZ-e--;-tS A-o-X|w an-\o
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B-u-tX- e--o-. F-t-n C----w

H--Io G-uI-f|-c-en-Zo-I-ujn A-t-o ttZ|-Xen-Zo-I-ujn B-Wm. C--e-w hn-n-t\ G-Xn-m
ttZ-e-o- h-a-an-bo--t f-2o---e-\n-bo
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"b-uin-e"m a--gy--tS Y-W--;-m. N--d-No-\n-Wm. 5-Xo-In-cw tN-w. V-B-\o-td A-n*-=w G-Xn-m h-an-\-\n-Wm. A-h-io--en-b
uh|-n-[o-]-Xo-tb-un-td A-u-iw In-ô-c-I-tj
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A-l-_o-I-;w tN-o-- _-*-ttZ-e--P-tb, A-Xo-o \o-n-W-u-iw F-Xo-K X-I--Xm.
X-t h-a-In-dp-\-tc A-u]-o-m e-j-tc u[-~an-b D-]-uZ-f--jn-bo-- \-_o--uS-tX-o-w
V-B-\o-td Cv-f|-c-en-Zw b-+-Z--tS Cv-f|-cen-Z-t-n u[-~-a--X-t. A-Xo-\n b-+Z--]n-o a-X--uj-n D--a-an-b Cv-f|-c-en-Zw
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ho-o-%-.tX-o-\o-bo-td ]--!-m B-cw-o--Xm uI-cj-o-t \o-l-ta-m? F- A-u\|-g-W-=-an-bn-Wm.
A-u\|-g-Ww udn-I-a-X--;-tS B-eo--n-eo-ud-n-Wm \-u \-bo--Xm. uI-c-jw n-c-X-ot A-o-nw-K-an-Wm. n-c-Xw -ao-bo-td G-I
h-\n-X-\-[-an--bn-bo-I-;-tS en-h--ao-w. udn-Io-td a-t-n a-Xn--bn-bo-I-;w B-g--aobo X--;-tS B-cn-[-\n-d-b--tj Xp-m X-;-tS B-Nn-c-t ]o-H-S--m. n-c-X--eo-td
B-Zy tt?--en-cn-[-\n-uI-w uI-c-j-o-dn-Wm.
B-Zy a-hmPo-w -X--o-w uI-c-j-o-X-t
_v- ttP-\-eo-in-c--;w uI-c-j-o !-l-e-.
c-2-hn-o-a-7-]--%w B-Zyw -ao-Zn-\w tN-e--tS -tS uI-c-jp-b--m. C--t\-bn-t-bntW-o-w C-tXn-w uI-c-j-o--an-^w A-e-Inf-t--en hn-[o-%--Xm an-^-a-. n-c-X--eo-tdeo-tS-w C-Xm C--t\-X-t-bn-Wm. Y-P-ln-o-w
ua-Ln-d-bn-bo-w In-Wp-co-w uI-c-j-o-w
hw-n-c-o-m H- n-e-an-Wm. tIn--%--Xo-w
+xn 479 9
ueZot aiX|w
ueZjotd A-u\-In-Y-Ittf-do ()
( )
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
A-[yn-bw 2
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A-hy-en-ap-b--2w A-[o-I-n-K-=w A-[o-ttZ-eX-o-w, A-[o-b- -wo-bo--an-m eyn-Jyn-\oo-co-%--Hm. In-c-Ww A-u-iw h|-bw h|p-I-coo-- cp-Xo ]-ui-do-I-I-tj-nw A-[yn-Z-o
--X Nn-co-Xn-Q-P-\-I-ta-n-m. A-u-i-ot X-t eyn-Jyn-\w u\n-nw.
-GG-e---c-^n-]o A-[yn-Z-]-c-X-bn
ubn-P-bo-Hw -f-Iy-am,
b-Yn-]o h|-c-h-X|n-n-en-Zm, r-
eo--c--bn-. -\ do-Jy-uX.
(E-uK|-Zw hn-b-W-n-gyw 1. 164. 1)
-F-n No-d-bo-S--jo A-[yn-Z-ttf-do-bo-w
n-gyw tN-o--1m. D-Zn: E-uK|-Zw hn-b-W-n-gyw
1. 164 a-w 1, 16, 20, 21, 22 -2w X-t
hn-b-W-t -Kn-ao-bn-bo-- B-Zn-\-
h--W-an-bo A-[yn-Z-]-c-an-bo n-gyw tN-o-. uI-e-dw -2w an-^-ua B-Zn-\-
n-gyw tN-o-->.
-tte-Zo-I ]-ui-do-I-I eo-eo-[ a-7-d-jo -N-\-I an-^w \-o eyn-Jyn-\o- u]n-!-
cp-Xo-bn-Wo-eo-tS h|p-I-co-o-co-%--Hm. In-c-Ww
tXo\obotd ]!m
] m (HS)...
( S)... en---Xo-w A-e-m H- h|-n-e-ua-->. P-ho-b \-o-bun-?w I--\o-%w ~o-p-gm cn-o-%w I-w \-o-b-un-?w n-c-Xp-b-t a-\-w ttI-w eo-l-o-o-. Pn-Xo-u-Z-o-t-w A--eo-f|n-h-o-t-w A-lo-bo A-e te---Io-b-un-?w A-e
A-e-t !-So--I-;-tS -o-td-o-b -eo-uf-g-ue-d-n-ucn-Sm X--;-tS -eo-I--tS \--I-tj-an-^-ua
5-I-S-an-o-->. -;-I-jo-ud-%w B-I-]-ô-I-jo-ud-%w A-\o-en-cy-an-b tN-t---I-jo A-e-m
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A-e I-e-t-- a-Bo-t D-Zn--hv-n-Ky--tj !-\-cn-eo-l-co-%-en I-ko-bn--un-?w
n-c-Xp-b-t hnw-n-co-I-No---tj B-uen-jw ]-I-K--m. ucn-Ko-I-tj-w A-K-Xo-I-uj-w B-f|ho-o-n !-l-t- u5-o-X-5-e-, A--c-n-\-ao-n--e-m A--c-eyn-I-c-W-t \oao- \-o-b ]n-Xo-co-h--iw F-nw F-nw C-m p-Wo-X-cn-bo-co-%-. A-e u-^-an-J-I-bo
X--;-tS B-cn-[-\n-d-b--tj A-w-_-w C-m D-l-o-%- Xo-c-o-dn-Wm. uIn-So-I--S-o B-\-w
A-n-co-w tIn-So-a-c-=w 5-Xo-~o-%-. -ao--tS B-uLn-g--tj A-e A-e--tS ]n-\-]n-^
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(HSw)
10
479 10 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
-^- tte-Zo-I-hn-io-Xy-o-udn D--c-Indp-\ tte-Zo-I-hn-io-Xy-o-udn D-]-d-t-an-m.

-]-W-t\-%-lo-- ]-ui-do--tS f-n-h-an[n-\-o eo-f-Z-e-W-\ ue-Z-a- h-io-Xw
\-o-b-H-u]n-td A-t-o ]-c--c-bn G-uX-tXnw e---tj -]-W-\n-bo K-Wo-%- F-
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e-- ]-ui-do-bn-n-gy-o-w eyn-Jyn-\w \-obo---Hm 5n-Np-\-w A-en-Np-\--an-bo--
eyn-Jyn-Xn--tj B-[n-c-an-o-bn-m. F-n
B--\o-I eyn-Jyn-Xn--tj A--I-co-o--o-S-Km
5-an-W- \-n-w, N\Itj eo-f-Z-an-%en-w A-Xo-t eo-e-c- b-Yn-n-\-K \-nw [-o-o--1m. a--gy h--i-o h-X|
Y-W- !-l--I-w c-uPn-Y-Ww e-o-%-I-w,
ua-[n-f-2o -bo-n-w H-S-o-b-un 5n-Np\-an-b eo-eo-[ n-\--;-tS un-X-w -7nc-=-an-b ue-Zn-Yw a-l-n H-S-o. E-go-an
ue-Zn-Y-u_n-[-\-o-m B In-d-b-j-eo- I-to-b tte-Zo-I cp-Xo-bn-m eo-eo-[ ue-Zn-Y
5-?o-b-I. h-e-\n-f-o \o- c-o-n
I-ko---^ hw-c-o--un \o-d-\o-+o--ue-o
]-d-Hw \-w-t--o. A--t\ A-[o-ttZ-eo-Iw
A-[o-v-Xo-Iw A-[yn-Zw F-p -m 5-?o-bI-jo ue-Zn-Y-t H-H-o \o-o hw-c-ou-o e-. hn-b-W-n-gy-o-w hw--eo--Hm
C-H-an-^-an-m. In-d-b-j-en-m ]-cn--e-In-dw
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a-i-go Z-bn-\- F-Xo-o--. I--tte-Zo-I
[-a-o-t !--\-n-c-W-an-bo-- A-u-i-ot d-yw. n-gy--jo In-- 5-?o-bn-u-Zw
eo-n-\-Zn-io-%m an-K-\o-u-f-an-!- F-m
\--%w B-f|-ho-nw. A-]-co-ao-X f-2o 5-n-e
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n-gyw ]-To-%-un hn-an-\y-K-Xo-bo C-

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A]-fyw uKn-]n-a-\o-]-Zy-an-\-an-N
]-cn-N ]-Yo-o-L-c-w-h-h-p-Np--eo-j-Np-cme-hn-\
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F-w, -cy H-co-S-Km A--fy-\n-!-un
a-tn-co-S-K -fy-\n-!- F-w F--K-]-l--.
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A-H-]-ui-do-bn-bo. F-n C-eo-tS h-e-c--I\n-b B-Zo-Xy-t\- A-Y-ta--n B-d-n-co-I
A-Y-o-t n-ew \-w-t--I-ub D->. uKn-]n
F--Xo--]-I-cw K|n-d (C-S-b) F-n-o-bn
en-b-\-n--tS a-\-o DfIX ejnw
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H-co--w a-co-n- uKn-]n-d A-Y-en K|n-d
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H- -]-W, A-Hm h---o C--m h-I-d
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A--co--an-tWw ]-l-n ]-ui-do--tS
hv--cyw d-o-%-Ibo-. n-gy--jo \o-m
5-ui-jo-In-Z-I-ttfdp--]w -w-an-In--Xo\n tte-Zo-I-]-ui-doI-;-tS In-cy-o ue-Z
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B-[-bo-o-co-%--Hm hn-b-W-n-gy-an-m. hnb-W-n-gy-o-t 5-uXy-I-X-w \{-\-X-w I-ko n-K-o eo-f-Z-an-o-bo---Xo-eo-tS [-ub-an-m.- -K-o-td tte-Zo-I-eo-Z|n-n-cn-b a-i
+xn 479 11
11
-go Z-bn-\-, [p-]n-ZZn-uan-Z-c hn-X|-ud-,

P-b uZ-e-eo-Zyn-dn H-S-o-b-e ]-ui-do-I-tj%-lo-m b-Yn-Y eo-e-c-W-=w D--c-=w A-Xo-]ubn-Ko-o-- hn-u-Xo-I hw--I-;w A-e--tS
n-gy--jo b-Yn-eo-[o 5-I-So-o-o-1m.[C-e--tS n-gyw, tte-Zo-I b-n-d-bw
B-Pmap, h|n-[yn-b a-7-dw ]n-c-Uo (-c-m) A-H
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B-Pmap, 5-ho-p-I-co-o--1m] F-o-w Ae
tS ngyo ]-ui-do f-pw 5-ubn-Ko-o-o-.
!-l-m \n-;-I-%-ufgw [p en--uZ-e f-c
A-K-en, [p !- cn-Pn, [p. B. eo.
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^b, h-i-n--cn en-Im, eog C udnwMm
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(Zo loUo ^m Zo Wouem 5-ho-p-I-c-Ww
K-uW-gm & I--\o a-n-hm 17)3) t5n^. B. eo. tte-Zy, A-hy-en-a-hy -2w
(loUo uhnemUm) (5-ho-p-I-c-Ww GeoPo
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5-ui-jo-In-ttf-do-bo--1m.
b--ue-Z-o-w
A-eo-S-eo-tS-bn-bo No-d ]-ui-do-I In---.
A-e-bo No-d-Hm E-uK|-Z-o-td a---%
h-an-\-an-m. A-H-u]n-td No-d-Hm -X-\-=w. hn-a

-ue-Z-o \n-udn B-uln A-Xo-d-[o-Iw ]-uido-I-jo-. D--H-X-t ao--en-cw E-uK|-Z-o-w
e-o---Xn-m. A-e-bo-w c-1--t-Bw -X-\=-an-m.
b-Yn, N--an A-;|--cn. E-uK|-Zw 1. 105. 1; hn-a
-ue-Zw 417; eo-w Z-n-Ww E-uK|-Zw 10.55.5; hn-a-ue-Zw
325 h-i-cmg-nx h-i-e-enx hn-a-ue-Zw 626.A
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F-n-w E-uK|-Z-t A-u]-o-m H-udnw !-l-enm. ue-Z-o-td [n-cn-jw ]-ui-do-I E-uK|Z-o-w In--. ue-Z-o F-^ 5-ui-jo-InZ-I ttf-do-I-;-t-m #-Xy-an-bo F-Bo--l-I e-j-tc e-o--n-m. In-c-Ww C-H-e-tc ]-l e--H-X-t. ue-Z-n-gy--jo a---;-tS
5-ui-jo-In-Z-I--]w -w-an-o eyn-Jyn-\o-oo-. F-Bo-o--t--u--e h|-bw I-to A-lo-ub-o-bo-co-%-. C-eo-tS--t N-tN--e- ]-ui-do-I-I-jo 5-ui-jo-In-Z-I--]w
--X-w h|-bw I-t-o F-?-Xo-bo---Xn-m.
D-Zn-i-c-W-an-bo ]-l-o--j-j ]-ui-do-In--]-tj-nw H-co-S-K-\o-m D--co-o---X-. 5-Xz-X
eo-eo-[ 5-I-c-W--jo \o-m hw-r-io-t--e-bn-m. 5-ui-jo-In-Z-I-ttf-do ue-Z-eyn-Jyn-Xn-%m eyn-Jyn-\--wo-bo G-tl a-i-X|--Wan-m. eo-g-b-t-%-lo-m A-[yn-b-o-t
A-e-hn-\-n-K-Km eo-f-Z-an-bo F-?-H-Xo\n
C-un A--?-a-an-bo ue-Z--jo \o-m !-l-
]-ui-do-I-I A-e-X-co-o-%-I-bn-m. G-tXo-w H- ue-Z-o-t u]-co ]-l-o---e
No-d-un a-e ue-Z--jo-w d-y-an-tb- e-w.
F-n-w -w-Xn -wo-bo A-e--tS \oo-wan-b -N-\ eo-e-c-W-un-tSn-w ~n--o tIn(H--S-w)
-o--1m.
{]tXyI {ibvv \n...
5ob _un! hnZcw \au!

Bg\nZw ecohwJybS Aum \o, Iko GXnw egjnbo Bg\nZw
anhoItS ecohwJy Fn eoieou\na_onWm !HncXm. eg=w AXo\m
\ 5XoIcWanWm Bg\nZw _jo \onbXm. Bg\nZw enb\nco
co]=w _nIjow u]nhmmHn^pIjow u]nbo \p I{eo CSwu\So AbXnWm
ecohwJy, AHw uZfhnXm#X_nIjo G=w Xoculob _nIjotdnodnWm
hvIcyw dyanoboco%Xm. F^w t]tm atn _no So ecohwJybSb%Xo
hvIcyw Ho em. h|. \ucgWou\w Auiot 5e\ujw
uio%Iw BZco%Iw tN a\nWm [tS ]ootdm R%lm.
B [tb Rm InKo%en Ikobt Fan^w 5nYo%. Bg\nZw
ecohwJybS Ge%w Hco So \o...
12
479 12 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
cmeapanwh
cmeapanwh
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p Xam -- fn_cngyn
fn_cngynXw
Xw
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n\uc
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-b---;-tS B-eo-n-ew A--c-n-co \o-nbo-- F-m -m F-?-Xo-bo--1m. A--c-n-co

\o--Hm uZ-e-n tN- H-S-o. C- -lm (a-in?-H) b-w \-S-o f-X-?-H-en-bo. ]o-p-Sn-m
a--gy b-w tN-n-\n-cw-o--Hm. #-X--Kn-cw-o uZ-e-n b-w \-S-o-b-un-tkn-w
P--iowh- D-n-bo--o-. ]o-p-Sm uZ-e-nco anw-h---W-h|-n-ew H-S-o. u^-Xn--Kncw--o-udn #-X--Kn-y-o-udn A-t-o
c-1 -K--;-tS-w h-o-In-d--jo-udn Benw
B-Zy-an-bo C- b---jo ]-I-_-do B-cwo--Hm. E-go-an -w-an-K-t A-]-d-]ot-Xo-t-o-w A-i-n-cw tIn-1 e-o--aw
]o-So-t]- C- E-go e-N-\--ujn \o-ug-[--ujn
tN-eo-tIn-o- C--t\-bn-m b--o -K
-_-dotS Bcww.-
- hw--e-o-u]n-Xm_-d-an-b
G-Xn-w 5--an-W- ]-co-ufn-[o-nw1) a-in-n-c-Xw A-f|-ua-[o-I ]-ew A-[yn-bw 91,
A--fn-h-\-]-ew A-[yn-bw 115, a-ey-!-cn-Ww
A-[yn-bw 143, en--!-cn-Ww A-[yn-bw 57 F-o-ebo D-]-co-N-c-e--eo-t I-Y eo--co-t-?-Xo-bo-1m. A-Xo-t --w C--t\.-"C- B-Zy-an-bo A-f|-ua-[-o -Kn-dw-\w \-S-o. Zp-L-Z-fo-I-jn-b E-go-an -?-o-tb \-J-fo-Jn-w F-Xo-t-o-w C-
E-go-an--tS en-%-I-% eo-d-I-+o-n-tX X-o-j-. ue-Zn---d-a- P--iow-h-tb-w ueZ-o A-Xo- eo-[o-bo-t-w E-go-an \o-c-cw en-Zo-. B-K-a eo-[o A--h-co-m b-w
\-S-K-I-bn-tW-o - e-g-o-d-[o-Iw ]-kw tN- A-5-ucn-io-I (-j-n-) A-P-t
(eo-K-I) b--o i-eo-n-bo A-o-
(HS)
S)
-W-ta-n-m eo-[o. A-5-ucn-io Fn jn

#-go-%-]--2-a-n-- eoKI F--Yw.
C-n-Zo uZ-e-n-tc tIn1m P- _-do \o--dnn a-y--\n-bo D-n-\- ]n-Z-!-^-\n-b D-]co-N-c-e--eo-t\ c-1 --w--So h--Xo--b-.
F-n uZ-e-n--tS f-2o a-\-o-dn-o-b D-]co-N-c-e- uZ-e-n--tS ]-w uN--I-w A-e---d-an-b \o-W-bw F--%-I-w tN-.
A-]-I-Sw a-\-o-dn-o-b E-go-an, A-h-Xy-o-
--\o--]--]n-Xw In-Wo- D-]-co-N-c-e--eo-t\
f-]o-m \-c-I-o-dn-o" C-tXn- 5-an-Ww.2) _o. ho. 5000 e-g--%--m A-lo-ue-f
c-No--Hw, tte-f-_n-b-\-w N-c-I-w uN-m
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A-[yn-bw 19.4 td 5-f--an-b e-N-\- -n-K-jo F-?-Xo-bo---Xn-m. A-Hm ep-1w ]-IK-I-bn-m.
-BB-Zo-In-ud J- b-u-i- ]-f-ex h-an-d-
\p-bn _--=x \n-dw-n-b 5-?o-b-u .-.-X-uXn Z--b- 5--Xy-e-c-In-dw a-u\nx-!-^n-Wnw \-co-gy-n-n-uK-|n-! --K-f-cynXyn-Zp-\nw- -N ?-H-i ]-J-\n-uaen-ay--n\n-Xm ]-f-ex uu5n-n--W-an-!x-(No-Io-en-n-\w 19.4)- D-Zn-i-c-W-o h-an-d--\p-b) B-dw-n-b
c-1 5-uXy-I ]-Z--jn-m 5-ubn-Ko-o-co-%--Hm.
]n-Wo-\p-b eyn-I-c-W-a--h-co-m f o- A-Pn-Zo5-Xy-b-o- ]-c-an-bo d-u-L (A-wn-[yn-bo 7.1.
64) bo h-am-B-Mm-e-an-b d-m [n-H A-\p-b-cm
5-Xy-b-o- ]-c-an-bo -am B-bo-m "hh-an-d--\p-b"
5-ubn-Kw D-]-]--an-!-. B-dw-n-b-bo-w ua-+
-l- ]n-Wo-\p-b \o-b-a-n B-Mm-e-an-bo
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--c-io-X-an-b h-an-d--\p-bnx,
nx --h-io-X B-dw+xn 479 13
13
n-b c-1 5-ubn-K--;w d--w d-o= dw-

C-e c-1 h|-X- [n-H--jn-m F-m A-wn-[ynbp -^--jo--tS ]n-Wo-\o ey-2-an-o-bo--1m.C-\o N-c-I-hw-io-X-bo-td ua---co- -ô-t A-Yw ]-I-nw.-B-Zo-In-d-Km -K--tj b--o B-d-\w tN---Xo-\n-bo--. B-dw--\w tN--Xo-\n-bo--o-. ]o-p-Sm Z--bn-K-o--uf-gw
a--!-^-n-cn-bo-- \-co-gy-, \n-n-K,
C-|n-%, -K, f-cyn-Xo, F-o-e -K--tj
P-- F- I--Xo b--o _-do-b-on H-S-o. CeotS 5 In-cy- ey-2-an-!-.1) B-Zo-In-d-Km (#-X--K-o) b--o
]-I-iow-h C-n-bo--.2) a--gy-co C-Zw 5-Y-a-an-bo a--!-^-n
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b-Yn-Y A-Yw -fo-m ]-l- eo--I-tbn-m. B-dw---uS-Hm iow-h (tIn-;-I)
tb-.5) K-en-dw-w !--c-e-o-t ]v-^-w, a--!-^n--tS -e-In-dp-\--an-b #-g--t In-dn-m B-cw-o--Hm.-N-c-I hw-io-Xn e-N-\-t hn--I-co-%--Xn-m
e-ho-~-[-a--^w. 21.13 td -^-en-Iyw.-bb-^ G-e !--cn-ucn-K -cmgyn
A-\-f-\w, P-cn.-#-g---\-bw i-X|n A-wn-\-e-Xo
an-i-uc-Xm.-C-eo-tS c-n-a-t -^-]n-Tw tX-n-m. I--=w
A--ubn-Py-=-an-b ]n-Tw #--g- || {o-o-bnw i-X|n
A-wn-\e
- X
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B-f-bw:- ]-1m - ucn-K--uj D-n-bo--->.
-gy A-\-f-\w (eo-f-m) en--Iyw F-o-e.
#-g- ]-I-eo-t\-tn-m tXn-D-t- !-Xo-b
ucn-K- D-n-o. #-g- a--!-^-\-tm N-c-I hw-io-X te-jo-en-%-. a--!-^-n--tS
In-d-o--uf-g-an-m (D--c-In-dp-\) #-g-t In-d-ta- N-c-I-hw-io-X ey-2-an-%-. !-
-c-e-o-t ]v-^-\n-b, H--In-dw C---w e-io-
14
479 14 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
\-*-g-\n-bo-co-nw #-g- F---an-\o-%-Xn-Wo-eo-tS--2w.-e-ho-~-[-a--^-o-m h-an-\-an-b e-N-\w

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eo-f-m, en--Iyw. ]-I--;-tS h-an-dw--\w 98
F-B-o-t\ D-n-o.5) ttP-\n-Nn-cy-\n-b D-rn-Zo-Xy c-No- I-dyn-WIn-c-Ww F- tte-Zy-I r--o-w C--t\
In--.A-e-o-i X-uYn-u]-x #--g-un-n-\n-a
-A--]-Xox-. -eo-\-ub h-a-Xo-?-ay uKn-L-In-c
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en
en
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e-[p-cm ?--g-w N 5--Pn-]-Xo-am.
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Pn-P-ud- --Wiw \-*-gw X|n-*-cm\
uX uiyn-gn-a-ui i-eox
(50)(5
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A-{yn = (e-[o-n ]n-So-n--Hm) C-Hm Kv (uKn)
eo-t u]-cn-m. A-Xo-t\ tIn-n B-cn-m
h-a-Y. ]-I-eo-t\-ubn In-j-ub-ubn B-dw--\w
(iow-ho-%-I) tN--I -dw a-in-]n-]-=w in-\o-an-m B I-aw -d--n-!--Hm. uKn-an-Xn-eo-t\w E-g- 5-Pn-]-Xo-ub-w e-[o-%-I e-ko a-ineo-]-n-m \--%-n-In u]n-!--tX-m
E-go-an \-*-g-u\n-Sm \o-c--cw ]-l--tIn-o-. -l-a-o E-go-an-tc-nw x-Jo-X-cntW--In-cy-=w u_n-[y-t--o. ]-u A-i-nco-bn-b \-*-g E-go e-N-\w [-o-n u]n-w
X-n-ln-bo-. h-e--X-\n-f-I-an-b b-w
-dw -o H- ucn-K- h-e-^ eyn-]o-%w.
5-Pn h-eo-[-o e- X-t -W-i-Xy \-S-K-e-\n-m \-*-g-t\-m E-go-an A-u-]o-m
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A-o-a-n-Kw D-]-\o-g-K-an-tW- Xn-Xm]-cyw. -~n-1-Ww--B-c-Wy-Iw -~n-1-Ww -Jy-an-bo I-a-In-7-an-tW-o-w,
A-Xo n-\-=w D-]n-h-\-w A--ao-w eoue-No-%--m. en-N--Xo-ao-[-t ~n-1-W-d-W-a--h-co-m, b--I-a-o a---;-tS
5-ubn-K-eo-[o-w, 5-ubn-P-\-=w, \o-e-N-\-=w,
b--a-i-X|-=w X-ew-_--an-b D-]n-Jyn-\-=w,
7 a--eyn-Jyn-\-5-?o-b-tb--o In--I--ue-Z-_-x
H-cynw-f-2o-a-iw e-u 5-Xy-n-cmY-Z-cmfo-\p-am.
E-uK|-Z-5-ue-fo-I (1988) uI-c-j hn-io-Xy-A-n-Z-ao
F-m A-o-\-e-Y- e--\-u^n-I-o -No-o-
u]-Pm 45204
A-Y-f-2o-bn-Wo-Xm.
8 ttX--hw--n-gyw 1.3.10.3
E-uK|-Zw 1.164.21
9 X-hy eyn-Jyn-\ C-Xo N eyn-Jyn-X-ey-\n-x- A-wn\o--2w
[yn-bo 4.3.66
10 ~n-1-Ww \n-a I-cma---n-Wnw eyn-Jyn-\-rx
A-wn-[yn-bo 1.4.79
--n--c -ttX-o-cp-b-hw-io-Xn-n-gyw (1.5.1)
A-wn-[yn-bo 2.2.18
(ufgw 33
33-nw
nw u]Po)
A-wn-[yn-bo 7.1.37
18
479 18 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
AXngyw
Xngyw
I-a-dn\ucg
n\uc
g
(5Ya
Ya A[ynbw, w
woD
oD+o
o Gew [uan+o)
[uan o)
(HS)
S)
ue-Z-n-g F-n-tW-un A-Xo-t hw-n-fn-w ue-Znw-K- D-]nw-K- F-o-e F-tun F-o-t\-un ue-Z-a--=-an-bo A-e- e- _--=w D-un F--u\|-go-n-tX-bn-m ]-dww \--Xo --Xo-I-tj eo-d-bo--K--Hw eyn-Jyn-\o-%--Hw. n-c-X-o-t hn--io-I-\p-Xo-w
cn-{-ey-e-in-c-\p-Xo-w ey-2o-\o-b-a--;w I--o-So-o- a---Xo-ub-w a--eo-u\-w F-^-an-^w
A-]-Ip-o-t--o n-c-Xp-b hw-n-c-t A-e-ui-jo-o-- F- N-co-^w F-t-o-w
H-co- ue-Z-\-ubn-tSn-n-tX-X-c-ao-. A-Xo--]-co \nw I-W-m ]-l-ub-o-e-co-I a--eo-t
u]-co n-c-Xp-b-]v-ucn-io-Xy-=w Pn-Xo-~n-1-Wy-=w In-o-&-o-b u]-&-K-I-n-bo-co-%w.
-\\-uc---g
\o-ua-gw, In-~n, I-dn, -+-w

Zo-\-cncn-^-;tS
tS In-d-]-co-an-Ww-64. \o-ua-gn Z-f- Nn-wv N In-~n-ôw-f-K Xnx I-dn-ôw f-XmI-d-n -+-cmXx-hyn-Z-uin-cn-^w H-- Xn-e-Xx-A-Yww:-:- Z-f N A-wv N = ]-Kw F-w -So-&-o
]-Xo-t\-m, \o-ua-gnx = \o-ao-g- (I-C-No--
h-a-bw) In-~n = ]-Xo-t\- \o-ao-g- H-
In-~n, Xnx- ôw
ow f-K = --H In-~-I uN-n,
I-dn = H- I-d-bn-!w, ôwow-f-XmI-dn = --H I-d H-
-+-w, Xn-e-Xm H = A-^-w A-Xn-b-Hm --Hm
-+-w H- A-uin-cn-^w = cn-ô-w ]-I-w-
-A--X-a-\-\w-
-5n-Np-\-In-d-5-an-Ww B--\o-I h-a-b-=-an-bo

H-d-\w tN--.1) H- th--o-t 8/45 (\n-+--o 8) n-Kw
1 H- \o-ao-gw, 31/5 th--m H- In-~n, 1
ao-\o-m 36 th--m = 1 I-dn, 48 ao-\o-m H-
-+-w, 24 a-Wo-& H- Zo-e-hw.2) 64
64-nw
nw u^nu n-I-o-t ttf-dp-eo-Nn-cw-a--eo-t ttf-do- G-H-eo-g-bw B-cw-o-%-un-?w
A-e-hn-\o-%-un-?w h-eo--cw eogbw 5Xo]n
Zonc1m. F-n In-d-5-an-W-t-%-lo-m H-co-
S-Kw -No-o-%- u]n--ao- F- hw-f-bw

en-b-\-n-%m h|n-n-eo-I-an-bo D-n-!-Xn-m.-]-c-an-Zn-eo-t Pn-r-m -i-o A-e-,
-ao-In-e-X-c-Ww, ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t H- Zo-e-hw
F-^ h-a-bw C-eo-tS H-w In-d-5-an-W-t-%-lom ]-l-o--o-. C-un A-Xo-- h--w
e-o-co-%-. A-Xo- 5n-cw--an-bo-n-m a--gy-tS Zo-\-cn-^--tj-%-lo-o-eo-tS ]-cn-a-fo--Hm.
68--nw u^n-I-o ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t A-uin-cn-^-tj-%-lo- ]-l-m 73-nw u^n-I-o N
h-an-]o-%-. C-Hm f-co-bn-b cp-Xo-bo -\o-LoX-?-a-o -en-]-c h--n--h-c-Ww -obn-o-bo-co-%-.--cy-w Zo-\-cn-ô-eo-n-K-=w65. A-uin-cn-u^ eo--P-uX --ucyn -an--gttZ-eo-uI.-cn-ôx h|-+n-b --Xn-\nw uN-wn-ttb
I-cma-Wn-a-ix-..-AA-Yw:w:- --cyx = -cy, an--g-ttZttZ-eouI = a--gy-uS-w uZ-e-n--uS-w, A-uin-cn-u^ = Zo-\-cn-^-tj, eo--P-uX = eo--Po-%-. A-Xo, --Xn-\nw
h|-+n-b cn-ôx = Pp-eo-e-K-an-b 5n-Wo-I-%m
D-l---Xo-m cn-ô-w, I-cma-Wnw uN-wn-ttb
+xn 479 19
19
A-ix = I-aw tN---Xo-m ]-I-w D-n-bo.-
]o-J--;-tS Zo-\-cn-^--
ey-2-an-bo--1m. a- ]-l---Hm ]o-J--tj- H-

o--ubn-\o C-. a-lo-m Pp-eo-o-co-%- an-Xn-]o
-Xn--;w 5n-n-b-an-b _-*-an-\y ey-2o-I-;w B-[bw B-r-io-%- ?---an-m ]o-J- F-nmm B uu^n-n-I--jo a-, A-w, ^-dw, B-Zo-bn-be-bn \o-Xy-=w [-n--W-an-b uh-e-\w an-Xn]o-Xn--%w Y--n-\p-b-%w B-[-b-a-
?--P-\--%w \---Xn-m ]o-J-[n-w F-
-w-an-bo ]-l-o--1m. C-eo-tS ]o-X-c--tS e-W
-\-o--ubn-\o-bo---Xn-bo In--. a--eo-t
A-o-5n-b-o- eo---an-Wp-u^n-Iw.-
66. ]o-u^yy cn-^y-i-\p- an-hx 5--eo-n-K-

]--ubnx- I-cma uN-wn-h|-ix #-x
I-Bx h|-+n-b f-cm-ecp-AA-Yww:-:- ]o-u^y= ]o-J--;-tS, an-hx = a--gy-tS H- an-hw cn-^-i-\p = cn-ô-Zo-e-h-o--han-\-an-m. a--gy--tS 30 Zo-\-cn-^--;- H- anhw ]o-J--;-tS H- Zo-e-h-=w (]-I-w cn-ô-w)
B-!-. ]--ubnx 5--eo-n-Kx = A-Xo-t\ c-1
]---jn-bo eo--Po-o-co-%-. Icma uN-wn-
-a-i-go Z-bn-\--w ]o-J-f-p-=w#-x A-ix = ]o-X-c--tS uPn-do tN---Xo-m
#--]-w A-e--tS Zo-e-h-o- h-an-\-an-m. -(I) ]-n-a-in-b---jo -n-a-u-Xn-b
I-Bx h|-+n-b f-cme-cp = I-B-]-w D-l-n-- ]o-J-b-w; A-Xn-b-Hm eo-Z|n-n, u[-~ h-ynho-an, ubn-Ko-I, ]-To-%-I-w ]-To-o-%-I-w
A-e--tS cn-ô-I-;-an-m.tN-- E-go H-y-cn-b A-[yn-]-I-w, ?--cn-b
-A--X-a-\-\w- u^n-Iw A-So-bo ]-l-- In-c-W--jn n-\o-I-;w ]o-J--jn-m. A-e--tS uh-en-I]-gn-Zo-I-jn-m [n-w F-m h-Xyn-Y-5-In-fw
5-o--an-m.1) 5--hw-K-eo-ucn-[w:w:- -en-]-c h----%-eo- 4-nw h--n-h-o a-i-go Z-bn-\- ]-l-o--an-I-bn u^n-Iw 5-o--an-m. 64-65 -1m.u^n-I--jo Zo-\-cn-^--;-tS 5-an-Ww ]-l-- -(J) X-cm]-b ua ]o-J\m:-:- B-cn-uWn F-t ]o-XntIn-1m a--gy--tS-w uZ-e-n--tS-w Zo-\-cn-^ =w ]o-Xn-a-i-w, an-Xn-=w an-Xn-a-io B-Zo-bn-b- e-Wo-%--Xn-bo ]-l-. A-X--h-co-m B-Nn-cy-n-w, o--cn-b eo-Z|n-n-w n-\-?65 a--gy--tS Zo-\-cn-^- N- tN-. -w, B-Z-c-Wp-b-cn-bo a-n-tcn-t--un A-ettZ-eo-I Zo-\-cn-^- 67-nw u^n-I-o-dn-m tc-n-e-tc-w b-Yn-ubn-Kyw uh-en-I-]-g-bn
]-l-o-co-%--Hm. 66-nw u^n-I-e-W-\ -No-Xy- h--w-cn-%-I. (]--a-in-b--eo-[o)
-W-a-. -en-]-c tte--yw 5-I-S-an-I-bn -(K) B-tcn-t-bn-uWn uhn-a-h-Zn-Zo, ]o-X-c Pp u^n-Iw 5-o--an-m.eo-o-co-%--Hm A-e-tc 5p-Xo--ew uh-e-\n-Zo-I2) ttf-dp-K-X B-[n-cw:w:- 64 -X 73 e-tc-- jn J--cn-%-I (]--a-in-b--eo-[o)u^n-I--;-tS ttf-do-bo \o- ey-2-an-!--Hm -uhn-a h-Z:- (A-lo-g|n-nx, _-cmio-g-Zx, uhn-a]o-J--;-tS Zo-\-cn-^-e-W-\ a--#-X-a- F-n- ]nx, i-eo-cm-Px, B-Py-]x --In-do-\x, b-a-cn-Pn,
m F-t-n 64-65 a--gy--tS-w uZ-e-n- ]o-J-]o-Xn-a-i-5-]o-Xn-a-in an-J-]o]o-Xn-a-ip-5p
-tS-w Zo-\-cn-^--jn-m ]-l-o-co-%--Hm. 65 ]o-Xn-a-iyx h-uKn-^nx, B-Nn-cyn-Zo hw-_-o-\x)-X 72 e-tc-- u^n-I--jo In-d-5-an-W -e--\m e-Z-o tte ]o-J-\mx (a- 3.284)(-K-e-W-\) =w. A-Hw a--gy--tS-w uZ-e-n-- --Sn-tX a- X-t ]-l-o--1m, ]o-X-c-cm e-uS-H-an-m. ]o-J--;-tS-In-cyw A-eo-tS -No-o-o- , ]o-Xn-a-i--, 5-]o-Xn-a-i B-Zo-u]n--ao- ]o-J--;-tS In-cyw h--n---X-=w Xy C-Xn-m ]o-X-c-tc-%-lo-- h-\n-X-\-\-Xo.
av-do-I-=-an-tW-o -K-K-W-\n-ue-j-bo- AHm (]--a-in-b--eo-[o)N- tN-u-o-bo--. ecn\oco%- -K-K-W-a---Xo-bo-w a-co--e--tS u]-cm ]o-X-c
\-bo ]o-X-c--tS N- e-c--Xn-bo--. C-H F--. a-lo-m ]o-X-c--tS D-+-o ?-an--h-c-Ww
a--h--X-ho--a- F- ey-2w. A-H-tIn-1-X- ]-l-o---Hm [-u-b-an-m.t 5-o--an-m.]o-X-c-ttLt -e hn-[yn--L Z|o-Xp-bn-- hn-X|o-]oIp
KX
ox
(a---Xo)3) A--eo-ucn-[w:w:- a-co--u]n-b ]o-J--;-tS N-
A-\n-e-fy-=w A-So-n-\-c-io-X-=-an-m. 3.80--82 -B-cn-uWn a-[y-a-h-X|-Y-W--2-cn-bo I-aw tNe-tc-- u^n-I--jo a--eo-t A-o-5n-bw --Hm, b-w tN---e-cn-b a--gy, ue-Zn479 20 +xn
20
- uaSw Bg\nZw
Y-eo-m, eo-Z|n, ue-Zw tte-Zz-Xo H-S-o-b-e-w

K-Wo-X-eo-Zyn-]n-cw-K-X-w, c--I, n-\o-I,
(hn-[y-n) In-cy-ho-y-Yw uh-e-\w tN--e-cn-b A-[yn-]-I--tS P-w u\--. A-Xn-b-Hm
a-[y-a-an-b h-X|-Y-W---e bn-o-I, ue-Zn
-Y-a-lo---eo-Z|n-n, ue-Zw tte-Zz-Xo- In-dw
F-o-e-tb--o-- eo-Zy-I A-y-ho-o--e--tS-w c--I-n--tS-w n-\o-I-;-tS-w,
In-cy-ho-o-%m uh-eo-u- Y--P-\--;-uS-w
P--t 5n-]o-%-. (h-Xyn. 9-nw h)-
uZ-e-n--tS Zo-\-cn-^--;w
D--cn-b-W-Z-Z-o-Wn-b-\--;w67. ttZ-ue cn-^y-i-\p e-cmg 5--eo-n-K--ubnx
!--\x-. -A-i--u^n-n-Z K-b-\w cn-ôx
hyn--o-Wn-b-\-am
-A-Yww:-:- e-cmgw = a--gy--tS H- e-gw, ttZ-ue
cn-ô A-i-\o = uZ-e-n--tS H- Zo-\-cn-^--jn!-, X-ubnx !--\x 5--eo-n-Kx = B uZ-e-Zo-\-cn-^D-ZmK-b-\w A-ix
-tj ep-1w eo--Po-%-, X-^+D= A-Xo -cy-t -a-[y-uc-J-bo \o-w D--c
Zo-o-ud-%- 5-bn-Ww A-Y-en D--cn-b-Ww uZe-n--tS ]-I-w, Z-o-Wn-b-\w cn-ôx hyn-Xm =
-cy-t Z-o-W-Zo-o-ud-%- 5-bn-Ww A-Y-enZ-o-Wn-b-\w uZ-e-n--tS cn-ô--an-!-.-AA--X-a-\-\ww1) D--cn-b-W Z-o-Wn-b-\--;-tS ue-Xoco--:- -C-eo-tS u^n-I-o uZ-e-n--tS
Zo-\-cn-^--;-tS e-W-\-bn-m tN---Hm. C-eotS uZ-e f-pw tIn-1m G-tX-o-w dv-Io-I-uan
- A-dv-Io-I-uan B-b 5n-Wo-eo-uf-g-a- (Pp-e-) D-u-fo-%--Hm. 5-Xz-X P-U-uZ-e-X-bn-b
-cy-t B-d-n-co-I e-W-\-bn-m. 65-nw u^nI-o a--gy--tS-w uZ-e-n--tS-w Zo-\-cn-^-tj eo--Po-%--Hm -cy-\n-tW-m -w-an-bo
]-l- I-ko--Xn-m. B- ?-a-o-dn-Wo-eo-tS
D--cn-b-W-Z-o-Wn-b-\ -]o-bn-b Zo-\-cn-^-tj-%-lo-m eo-e-co-%--Hm. -cy-t c-b-\--;w B-ln-c-an-hw Xn-tk--l-w 5-In-c-an-m
\-S-%--Hm.
I) D--cn-b-Ww-:
1) -a-[y-uc-J-bo \o-m D--c-(e-S-%m) Zo-f-boud-%m -cy-t o-Xo In-dw.2) a-I-c uc-J-bo unoIm ^m In5oun
\o-m e-S-%m I--S-I uc-J-bo-ud-%- oXo-In-dw.-
3) an-Lw, ^n-Y-\w, ttN-^w, tte-fn-Jw, uPy~w, B-gn-V B-c-an-h-n-dw.4) fo-fo-cw, e-h-w, rp-w F-p E-H--;-tSIn-dw.II) Z-o-Wn-b-\w-:
1) -a-[y uc-J-bo \o-m Z-o-W-Zo-f-(tX-%m)bo-ud-%m -cy-t o-Xo-In-dw.2) I--S-I uc-J-bo (unoIm ^m Inh)
Z-o-W a-I-c-uc-J-bo-ud-%- o-Xo-In-dw.3) [n-e-Ww, n--]-Zw, Bf|o-\w, In-o-I,
B-r-in-b-Ww, ]v-gw B-c-an-h-n-dw.4) e-gw, f-c-Xm, ui-a-w F-p E-H--;-tS
In-dw.-a--gy--tS Zo-\w (]-I) Xp-@-5-In-f-a-b-an-bo-co%w. cn-ô fn--=w a--=-an-bo-co-%w. -cy-5-Inf-o-t A-n-e-o N--t-w \--^--;tS 5-In-fw an-^-ua cn-ô-bo--n-=-I-->.
C-5-In-cw D--cn-b-W ue-j-bo rp--E-H-eo
-cy-5-In-f-o -w 5-In-f-=w Xp-@-an-boco-%w. A-Xz--=w A-Xo-5-In-f-=w h-Zn ]-I-u]n-td-bn-bo-co-%w. Z-o-Wn-b-\-o -cy5-In-f-o-w Xn-]-o-w, ui-a- E-H-eo
A-+w a--X--n-!-. A-H-tIn-1-X-t Z-oWn-b-\w cn-ô u]n-td-bn-m. C-5-In-cw uZ-en--tS Zo-e-hw cn-ô-In-d-o-t B-dw-In-co-I
e-W-\-bn-=-.-
2) --cy P-U-e- (uZ-e-X)-bn-m:\o--2-o uZ-e-f-p-o-t \o--2o

-\o-
uZ-uen Zn-\n-Z|n, uZynX\nZ|n, Zp-]-\n-Z|n,

Zz-n-u\n -e-Xp-Xo e (7.4.15)
F-n-m. A-Xn-b-Hm, Zn-\w tN---bn Xo-j--Hw, eo-j---Hw, Xo-j-%--Hw G-uXn A-Xnm uZ-e f-p-o-\-Yw. -cy Zz-n-\p-b-\nm. 5-In-f un-X-n-m. h|-w 5-In-f-n
F-n e---uj-w 5-In-f-an-\-an-%-. A-HtIn-1m uZ-e-u\n uZ-e-X-ubn B-m.-f-X-]-Y-~n-1-W-o uZ-e-X-I-tj-%-lo-m
]-l--o-S-Km P-U--;w uN-X-\--;-an-bo --o
-m F-Bw ]-l-o-S-Km -cy-u\w uZ-e-X-bn-bo
F-Bo-bo-co-%-.h-uin-en-N a-io-an-\ G-tte-gn-ua-uX ^b-ow-f-uX|-e uZ-en C-Xo. I-X-ua uX ^
-b-ôw-f-Hm C-Xo? A-wv e-h-ex, G-In-Z-f-nx Z|n-Z-fn-Zo-Xyn- G-I-ôw-f-Xm C-ttL--e 5--Pn-]-Xo-L- ^--b-ow-fn-eo-Xo.
tt
-II-X-ua e-h-e C-Xo? A-lo-L, #--Yo-ep-N en--L
+xn 479 21
21
]o.tI. Pb
tte-Zo-I b---;-tS
v-Xo-I-5-h-2o- -
-B-g-[-an--bn-bo-I
]-eo-^-an-bo---Xo
A--~o--u]n-- u[-~-an-b I-aan-Wm b-w.
B-Zp-b-an-b D--Xo-w uZ-e-Xn 5p-Xo--an-Wm
b--o-t -Jy-d-y-ta-m -co-]-w eo-f|nho-I-;w I--H--t-o-w tte-Zo-I-b--m v-Xo-I-X-d-o-w e-j-tc-ub-tl 5-h-2o--m.
A-lo-uin-^w -X A-f|-ua-[w e-tc-- fo-]
ey-e-in-c ]-Zn-Q eo-n-\--tj-nw P-K-o-\m
D-]-In-c-o-\n-bo tN---Xn-I-bn A-e-tb
b--ta- ]-l-bnw.- -tte-Zo-I eo-f|n-ho-I-jn-b n-c-Xp-b-tc-untd-X-t !-cn-X-\ b-e-\-n-w C-ln-\o-I-;w A-e-tS [-an--~n-\--jo b--o-\m A-\-+an-b n-\w \o B-Z-co-o--. C- \nw
A--~o-%- A-lo-uin-^--;-tS _n-iy--]
--;-an-bo X-o- u\n-%-un A--l No--l
ey-Xyn-h- In--ta-o-w C-w eo--X-anIn- tte-Zo-I hw--Xo--tS A-Xo-eo--c-an-b
A--c-W-\- \---Xo Z-fo-n-=--Xn-Wm.
uZ-e-X-I-;-tS 5p-Xo d-yw e--tIn-m -ey-
Xyn-Kw tN--I F- b-h--+-o-t A-Son-\ X-|--m bn-tXn--an--=w In-Wn=--X-. eo-f|n-ho-I A-e-c-e--tS ttZ-e-t
aXo
Xo ((HS)
S)
A--cp-w N, B-Zo-Xy-L, ZyvL
Zyv
N--an-L,
\--^n-Wo-N G-uX e-h-ex.
I-X-ua --C-Xo?- -Z-Z-uf-ua !--ug 5n-n-Wnx ((5n-n-Wx
A-]n-\x, eyn-\x h-an-\x, D-Zn-\x, \nKx --cma, #--Idx, uZ-e-Z-x [-\--b-Lx B-Zn G-In-Z-fn-u..
I-X-a B-Zo-Xy C-Xo?- -Z|n-Z-f-an-hnx hw-e-e-c-hy
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tteIom 05.30 \m
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (Hnw Zoehw)
DZmLnS\w [p. ]o. ueuKn]n .F.Fhm.
5ngWw
]co@nPI ~1Nnco ~1ttNX\y
eogbw: h\nX\[a 5anW 5uefoI Hnw nKw
cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 07.45 \m
tteZoI cn{KpXw, fno]nTw
cnô 8.00 \m
_n= hwKpXw : [p. ]neXp _n=
(5f _n= Yncnb [p.h\nXZnhm _n=,
[p.ffnunuKnfnboFoetS fogy)
cnw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 17) teo

cneotd 05.30 \m
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
cneotd 07.30 \m
cneotd 09.30 \m
ueZP]w -- hnch|Xw
cneotd 10.00 \m
5ngWw

eogbw: h\nX\[a 5anW 5uefoI (cnw nKw)
tteIom 03.00 \m
tteIom 05.00 \m
Alouin^w
tteIom 05.30 \m
\ucg ncI 5nngWw (cnw Zoehw)

]Zmag Inendw \ncnbWWo
eogbw : nh\nSIjotd h\nX\X|
cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 08.00 \m
tteZoI cn{KpXw, fno]nTw
+
+xn
xn 479 27
27
nw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 18) f\o

cneotd 05.30 \m
cneotd 07.30 \m
cneotd 09.30 \m
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
ueZP]w -- hnch|Xw
cneotd 11.30 \m
5ngWw

eogbw: h\nX\[a 5anW 5uefoI nw nKw
tteIom 03.00 \m
tteIom 05.00 \m
tteIom 05.30 \m
Alouin^w
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (nw Zoehw)
uUn. dKof
eogbw: \eudnI?ao ncXpbZf\

cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 08.00 \m
tteZoI cn{KpXw, fno]nTw.
\ndnw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 19) Rnb
cneotd 05.30 \m
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
cneotd 07.30 \m
cneotd 10.00 \m
ueZ]ncnbWbw (EuK|Zw) BPyn*Xo hioXw
Alyn[n\w
P\pbanXn AXn\abpuZeotS fogy
[paZm. HcpbnXn\!co h|naoI
~1[p. aTo ZoenIc \Xoco

~-1-[p. !Xob fc\ncnbW \XocobnNncy
n-Ky--2w, -!--g--2w, eo---2w, -uZ-ep--2w,

B--gy--2w, -Xz--bw, ua-[n--2w, -h-c-h|-Xp--2w,
HSob Fn EuK|Zpb2;w ]ncnbWw tNm bw tN.
tteIom 03.00 \m
ueZ]ncnbWbw (HS)
tteIom 05.00 \m
Alouin^w
tteIom 05.30 \m
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (\ndnw Zoehw)
uUn. ho. Fw. \pdI6
eogbw: B\oI udnIm tteZoI]T\;tS 5h2o
cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 08.00 \m
28
479 28
28 +
+xn
xn
- uaSw
FSewBg\nZw
Bg\nZw
Anw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 20) Xo
cneotd 05.30 \m
cneotd 07.30 \m
cneotd 09.30 \m
bnNncy
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
ueZ]ncnbWbw (EuK|Zw) BPyn*Xo hioXw
tteIom 03.00 \m
tteIom 05.00 \m
tteIom 05.30 \m
ueZ]ncnbWbw (HS)
Alouin^w
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (Anw Zoehw)
uUn. tI. auif|c \nb
~1[p. aTo ZoenIc \Xoco

~-1-[p. !Xob fc\ncnbW \Xococneotd 11.30 \m
Acu^nI hZm
eogbw: \uenYn\dy;tS A]Nbw

cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 08.00 \m
Blnw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 21) tNnF
cneotd 05.30 \m
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
cneotd 07.30 \m
ueZ]ncnbWw (AYcmeueZw)
cneotd 09.30 \m
ueZP]w -- hnch|Xw
cneotd 11.30 \m
5ngWw

uUn. ]o.eo. eof|\nY \Xoco
eogbw: Zufn]\ogKI
tteIom 03.00 \m
tteIom 05.00 \m
Alouin^w
tteIom 05.30 \m
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (Blnw Zoehw)
~-1-[p. ]o. _n-d-#- -BNnco
eogbw: 5nNp\ eneoZyw \ep\ 5eWXI;w
cnô 07.00 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 08.00 \m
Gknw Zoehw
(2013 tabm 22) e[
(h|.\-uc---g-Wo-t F-?-]-o-b-nlnw P--Zo-\w)
ueZo: aigo Zbn\ tteZoIY!dw,

-]-Xo No-^-eo-Zyn-]p-Tw, ttew u^n : +91 9400426280
+
+xn
xn 479 29
29
cneotd 07.30 \m
Hv]nh\oInlouin^w
cneotd 08.30 \m
ueZ]ncnbWw (AYcmeueZw)
cneotd 09.30 \m
ueZP]w -- hnch|Xw
cneotd 10.30 \m
5ngWw

~-1-[p. #!an ttew
eogbw: ugnUfIajotd ueZa5ubnK
AcWw.
[p. ]o.tI.Pb
(P\: th?lo uIcj Bcy5Xo\o[o h tIno.)
[p. cn[n# tteZoIm
(BNncy, Y Du] tteZoIY!dw)

t5n^. #\Xoco ttew
(cn[oInco, aigo Zbn\ tteZoIY!dw, ttew)

(ufgw NSI tN hch|Xp tteZoI Y!do)
tteIom 05.00 \m
Alouin^w
tteIom 05.30 \m
\ucg ncI 5ngWw (Gknw Zoehw)
uUn. So. tI. cnPuKn]n
ebdo : [p. B. h|nao\nY

ZwKw
: [p. Pb
LSw
: [p. A #
eogbw: B\oIIndm BueZot 5h2o

eoo
uUn. Fw. B. cnuPgm
(cn[oInco, \ucg ncI 5Xo~n]\w)
cnô 06.30 \m
5ngW eofId\ hZm
cnô 07.00 \m
cnô 07.30 \m
hwKpXhZm
enbm]nm : [paXo PbId h\!an
\-uc---g-1937 ta-bm 22-\m tN-- --In-eo P-\o-. I-o-ub-co tti--jo-wN--\n-ub-co F.-F-m.-F-m. uIn-uj-Po-w ]-To-. _o--Z-ta---uf-gw -i-co-bn-\
io-n ~n1 a-in-eo-Zyn-d-b-o -\o-w eo-Zyn-c-U, -eo-Zyn--g F-p
_o--Z-;w -tte-Zo-I b-Xo-a-7-d-o- \o-w B-Nn-cy ]Zeow u\So. ]o-p-Sm
B-Nn-cy ]Zeo -D-u]-o-. -N-H-ue-Z-hw-io-X F- g-i-Zmr- hw-ufn-[-\w, 10
D-]-\o-g-K-I-m -ngnngyw, \ndm Zf\m ngnngyw, 101 hn-aue-Z
a---m h|-c-Oo-w \-o ngnngyw. 1-01 bueZa%w 101 EuK|Z
a%w 101 AYeueZa%w Zbn\]Xo 5Incw tt\2oI
ngnngyw Foe \oeio. a-i-go Z-bn-\--h-c-h|-Xo--tS H]Xm
r--, udn-I-an-\y _n-d-Kw-Kn-[-c Xo-d-I-t Kp-Xn-c-i-hyw, P-$p-hm Kw-Kn5-hn-Zo-t- a-X--;-tS D-Zm-e-I-Y F-p X-P-a-I-;-t-tS B-tI AuXn-jw
30
479 30
30 +
+xn
xn
- uaSw
FSewBg\nZw
Bg\nZw
-#-Xo-I Ppeooco%un h|bw 5hopIco. A5InfoXjnb At #Xo

I Cun \ucg 5Xo~n]\w 5Inf\w tNe. !--c-e-w D-e-fo-w,
eo-r-in-cn-[-\, ue-Z-Kp-Xn--Xw, -bn-K-]-co-N-bw, ubn-uK-f|-c-\n-b [p-#-, a-X-=w -2o-w,
tte-Zo-I-hn-io-XyN-co-^w, B-Nn-c-n-, ]-c-udn-I-=w !-\-P--=w, ue-Zn-[o-In-c-\o--]-W
eyn-Jyn-\w, i-co-\n-a-Ip--\-eyn-Jyn-\w H-S-o-be -Jy--#-Xo-I-jn-Wm. Cw-up-go-w, io-obo-w !--I- c-No-o--m. -a-d-bn-j-o-td G-I tte-Zo-I--Zn-f-\o-I- -5-ho-p-I-c-Wan-b B-g-\n-Zw an-ho-I--tS 5-hn-[-I-w -Jy ]-^n-[o-]-anbo. uIcjotd
tteZoIhnioXy fnJtS ]oXnem, PnXoaXeKeW eyXynhw SntX Ge%w
ueZeoZytb 5Zn\w tN uIcjpb Zbn\fogyco 5Ya, ueZ_fatS
]nccyt 5fanob ueZ]7oX, pI%w AeW%w bun]
epXw \o ueZw ]Too BZy uIcjpb. ugnUfIaujw ]ainb
eo[oItjw hn[ncW P\joudm Fo BZy adbnjo. ueZ]T\]nT\o\nbo
uIcjodnZyanbo ttew, tN FoeoSjo 5nNp\ tteZoI hZnbo
Y!dw n]o BNncy, Anbocod[oIw 5hwKueZoIjo 5ngWw,
uIcjotd eoeo[ hnwncoIa7djotd hvay hno[yw. \oce[o uZfpb
AuZfpb AwKpInc. uI-c-j hn-io-Xy -A-n-U-ao -h-a-r-hn-io-Xy hw-n-e-\n!-c-n-cw (2009)- uI-c-j hn-io-Xy A-n-Z-ao--tS tI.-B.-cn-a-\--Xo-co -F-uUn-em
ta-m A-en-Um (1992) hw-n-\ _n-d-hn-io-Xy C-hmo-{-m !-c-n-cw (2005) eo-Zyn-[ocn-P !-c-n-cw (1989) ui-a-d-Xn-n-c-I- -eo-Zyn-[o-cn-P !-c-n-cw (1998) 5-Y-a A--X-Ip-o
!-c-n-cw (2001) H-S-o H--e-j-tc !-c-n-c- d-o-. 2010 \ew_ 16-\m- Aco.
+
+xn
xn 479 31
31
\ucg ncI 5Xo~n]\w
Zbn\e\w \ucg ulnUm tN 689121

u\com \SK hwc
adbnjotd GI
tteZoI Znf\oI anhoI...
Bg\nZw anhoI
h\nX\[ao
ncXpbhwhmIncot tt\ccyw...
\oXyncXo eOm
tteZoIhnioXyfnJm anânbo
haot PpeoXbn^...
1937-2010
Bg\nZw eOm
Acu_n[ot
AX[nc...
G._o.5m
ueZ5NncWh - adbnjngbo tteZoI hnioXy5NncW hwcww

tteZoIrnaYw tteZoI PpeoXttfdp !\pe\ ]T\ uIw
hch|Xp tteZoIY!dw PnXo-cioX ueZ]T\]nT\ hwcww
tteZoIhnioXy]cogm (X]n) hwX ]T\]nT\ hwcww
Zbn\ hnueg aog h\nX\ [a ]cneI hwcww
uIcjn Bcy 5Xo\o[o h BcyhanP [a 5NncI hwcww
B CUyn ueZoIm aog AuZfpb Zbn\ ]T\ uIw
ueZobo Fouen Au\|gWm: u^n +91 9446314343
5ngWueZo : \ucgWot epSm
Zbn\e, \ucg ulnUm, tN - 689121
\ucg PboZo\nNcW ueZo: u^n: +91 9400426280
(2013 ta-bm 22 m cneotd 7.30 X Dm 12.00 etc)
aigo Zbn\ tteZoIY!dw,
-]-Xo, No-^-eo-Zyn-]p-Tw, t5n^. #\Xoco ttew
(cn[oInco, ) ttew - 686142
\ucg ncI 5Xo~n]\w
32
Zbn\e\w \ucg ulnUm tN 689121

u^n +91 479 2452636, 9446314343 e-mail: arshanadam@gmail.com
479 32
32 +
+xn
xn
- uaSw
FSewBg\nZw
Bg\nZw
(D]\ogm ueZuan? 18-nw

18 nw u]Po \ow
\o w HS...)
S...)
]-c-a-d-y-o-td-o-%- a--eyn-Jyn-\-an-Wm
D-]-\o-g-m. -ttX-o-cp-ubn-]-\o-g-o a--hw-io-X-m
A-m A-[o-I-c-W-o eyn-Jyn-\w -co-%-m-A-[o-udn-Iw, A-[o-uPyn-Xo-gw, A-[o-eo-Zyw,
A-[o-5-Pw, A-yn-Zw C-e A-w A-[o-I-c-W-jn-!-. C-e-m a-in-hw-io-X F- u]-co--.15
-A-[o-I-c-W-ta--Xo-\-Y-tw B-[n-c-ta-nW-un.-16 ue-tl-w Cv D-n-c-W-o 'hw-ioXn-bn D-]-\o-g-Zw' F- 5-ubn-Kw [-o-%-I.
a--hw-io-X--tS
c-i-hyn-Y-ta-n-W-Xo-td
B-f-bw.)-- e yn- J yn- \ - 5 - ? o- b - I - ; - n- b o- - o- c o- nw.
A-e--tS h-u-Xw ~n-1-W--jo In-an--m. A-e --o ttX-o-cp-ubn-]-\o-g-o
-co- A-o F-o-bo-co-nw. a-in-hw-ioX-tb- A- A-[o-I-c-W- ]o-p-Sm !-ul&-So --o. A-[o-udn-I-=w, A-[o-Pv-Xo-g-=w
B-[o-ttZ-eo-I-o-w, A-[o-eo-Zyw B-[o-v-XoI-o-w, A-[o-5-P-=w A-yn-Z-=w B-[yn-ZoI-o-w d-bo-.17 ue-Zn-w 18F- ]o-p-Sm C-H
c-U----o ey-e-,-X-an-bo. D-]-\o-g-m
a--eyn-Jyn-\-an-b ue-Zn--an-tW- ]-l-bn
\yn-b-ao-Xn-Wm. D-]-\o-g-t- ue-Zn--eo-Zy-tb-o #--ttZ|-]n-b-\-eyn-h ]-l---Xm A-Xm
ue-Z-hn-c-an-tW-n-!-. X-t !-^-\n-b I-I-uZe-t\ A-yn-Z-eo-Zy D-]-uZ-fo-o-m, -uZ-Z--Im h-i-n-Wo \o-cma-Yyn--X-a-Zm --X-am -\-e-\p-Xw b-Yn Z-x In-wn-Z-lo-cy-ttY-e N -X-ttY-e eo--gnw n-n-\w !-^-ui-uXnx
h---Xw -Cv ]-Xo-\n-bo-cw E-Im (ue-Z-a-w) a-Yo-m A-ZmX-I-c-an-b A--X-n-\w, ttX- I-S- te-B
c-i-hy-an-b A-Y-h-u-X-=w ~n-1-W--jo

eo-e-co-%--m.-11 ~n-1-W--jo--t--o-bo-co%- A-- n-Kw B-c-Wy-I-an-!-. [-i-n[-a-o I-a-o- 5n-[n-\y---un. A- B-[-a-o ]n-do-u--Xn-b [-an--~n\-an-Wm B-c-Wy-I-r---jo eo-e-co-%--Xm.
D-]-\o-g-o-t -e--]-an-Wo-e. A-Xo-\n
C-e-bo-td fn-h-\-I A-+n-+w Y-iy-an-bo uXnnw. uKn-]-Y-~n-1-W-o-w12, _v-[n-b-\
[-a--^-n-gy-o-w-13, B-c-Wy-I- c-ihy-r--an-tW- ]-l-o--m. [-i--Pp-eoX-o \o- \o-?--cn-b en-\-5--%-
]n-cn-b-W r--an-Wm B-c-Wy-Iw. \-K-c-o-td
en- a-7-d-o \o- A-I-m, e-\-o
]n-K-tIn-m a-\-\w, No--\w, h|n-[yn-bw,
P-]w, X-]w -X-dn-b [n-ao-I-In-cy--jo Gt- I-ko---e--tS A-[y-b-\-r--an-Wo-e.14
tte-Zo-I-b---;-tS Xn-|o-I-=w B-yn-Zo-I=-an-b h|--]w B-c-Wy-I-o Z-fo-nw. fnwJyn-b-\-~n-1-W-o eo--cmtte-b-x F-
eyn-Jyn-\o-o-m, X-Z|n-cn h-e-eyn-]o-bn-b eo-
(= ~-1w) eo-t h|--]w \o-u-fo-%-. b-o-t eyn-Jyn-\w X-t-bn-Wm ~-1-o-t
eyn-Jyn-\w. A--t\ '-b-w u[-~-X-aw I-cma'
F- 5-Jyn-]o-. I--In-7-t B-yn-ZoI-X-bo-ud-% \-bo-%- eo-Zy-bn-Wm B-c-Wy-Iw.--DD-]-\o-g-Xm h|--]w -B-c-Wy-I-n-Kw I-ko-m A---Hw a--eynJyn-\-o-t N-c-a-=-an-b n-K-an-Wm D-]-\o-gm. B-yn-Zo-I-an-b Po-n-h--uS-w, a-\-\o-u-w No--\-o-u-w h|n---Xo--uS-w
5-?o-b !-ul eo-I-ho--Xm B-c-Wy-I--jo--tS-bnWm. A-Xo-t -ey-e-o-X-=w ]-co-]-I|-=-an-b 15 ttX-o-cp-ubn-]-\o-g-m 13
-]w D-]-\o-g-o In-Wnw. I-a-o-u-w 16 B-[n-ucn-f-[o-I-c-Ww (]n-Wo-\o 1.4.45) B-p-b-u
n-\-o-u-w h-a-\|-b-=w A-u\yn-\y-eo--A-o-\m #-bn C-Xyn [n-cx eyn-Jyn-\-5-?o-b. GXo-t\ B-[-bo-%--uen A-Xn-Wm A-[o-I-c-Ww
an-b en-Z-Z|-|--;-tS --c-=w h--o-I-c-=-an-b
(= A-e-n-\w) ttX-o-cp-ubn-]-\o-g-o-td
]-co-in-c-=w D-]-\o-g-o Z-fo-nw. ue-Z-a-h---ao-Xn-Wm '-A-Yn-Xx hw-io-Xn-bn D-]-\o-g-Zw
-;-tS G-In--an-b D-w A--c ~-1-eo-ue-Ieyn-Jyn-hyn-ax ]--h|-[o-I-c-uW-i A-[o-udn-I
an-!-. ~-1-t A-lo- I-ko-n F-nw
a-[o-Pyv-Xo-g-a-[o-eo-Zy-a-[o-5-P-a-[yn-Z-am. Xn-a-inA-lo- I-ko- F- A---Xo Io--. Cv
hw-io-Xn C-Xy-N--uX' (ttX-o-cp-ubn-]-\o-gm 1.3)
11 tt\--2yw b-hy-a--hy-eo-\o-ubn-K-5-ubn-P-\-am
5-Xo-~n-\w eo-[o-ttL-e-~n-1-Ww b-Zo-uin- 17 \o--2-Sp-I-bo (4.19) -Kn-Nn-cy '-a-n-cmY-]-co
-n-\n-uZ-e-iy-ul-c-yn-Zn-[o-ttZ-en-[o--Xn-[oNy-uXb-u-g|-e-n-\w' F-m Cv d-b-\w -No-o12 uKn-]-Y-~n-1-Ww 2.10
%-.
13 _v-[n-b-\ [-a--^-n-gyw 2.8.3
14 A-c-Wy G-e ]n-Ty-X|n-Zn-c-Wy-I-ao-Xp-cy-uX (tF-X- 18 A-[o-b-w ~-1-P-u]-Xm, B-[o-ttZ-eo-I-ua-e-N
B-yn-Zo-Iw N h-X-Xw ue-Zn-n-o-io-Xw N b-Xm
uc-bn-c-Wy-Iw)
a- 6.83 (ue-Zn-un \n-a D-]-\-\o-g-Xm 5-an-W-am
-A-c-Wyn-[y-b-\n-uZ-X-Zm B-c-Wy-I-ao-Xp-cy-uX
h-Zn-\--t ue-Zn--hn-cw)
-A-c-uWy-X-Z-[p-uX-uXy-ew-en-Iyw 5-e-y-uX
+xn 479 33
33
F--%w-u]n-td, c--c-Wo-a-c-K-1-c-m A-lo

D-n-%w-u]n-td, !-^--ue-o ue-Z-n-\w
Rn D--co-m 19 F- ]-l--. -!-^--ue-o ue-Z-n-\w Rn D--co-m
]-l--.'' (\-uc---g-Wo-t Z-ufn-]-\o-g-m ngy-o-\m F-?-Xo-b B--J-o \o-m u]-Pm 30
-X 34 e-tc) -C-uX-u]n-td I-uTn-]-\o-g-o-td -Jy
5-Xo-]n-Zy-\n-b 'b-a' F- uZ-e-Xn h--+-t%-lo-m eyn-Jyn-\o-%-en [-ao- \-uc---g-w
'-b-a'-t\- uZ-e-Xn-h--+w tte-Zo-I uZ-e-Xn h-+w X-t-bn-tW-m Xp-K ]-l--. In--I-
b-a tte-Zo-I-uZ-e-X-bn-Wm. F-n-Wm tte-Zo-IuZ-e-X, A-Y-en uZ-e-X-I-;-tS I- tte-Zo-I-n-ew
F--Xm C-eo-tS --o-tb-?-Xnw. -bn uX-u\yn-Ny-uX hn uZ-e-Xn- A-Xo-\n
]-l-b-t---uX-uXn A-Xm uZ-e-X F-m f-pnY-u_n-[o-\o-bn-b h-en--?-a-Wo-bo ]-l--Xo-\m g-UmY--fo-gy uX-\ en-uIy-\ b-Xm 5--Xo]n-Zyw e- hn-uZ-e-Xn-n B ue-Z-en-Iy-n
G-H e--en-uWn 5-Xo-]n-Zo-o-co-%--Xm B
e--en-Wm A-Xo-t uZ-e-X F- eyn-Jyn-\o%-. A-Xn-b-Xm a--o 5-Xo-]n-Zo-o-co--
eo-g-b-ua-uXn A-Xm B a--o-t uZ-e-X-bn-Wm.
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34
479 34 +xn
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udn-I-t A-lo-b-W-ta-o A--c-o-tdn-
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n-uen-|-d-an-b Zp-o-bo ue-Zn--]---m
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+xn 479 37
37
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e-n-w, R--tj Z-f-\w \-o A--r-io-n-w,
[--Wn = R--jn -Xo--t-- \p, i-ey-ZnX-ub = Pp-eo-I C-o-%- ^-dw Zn-\w tN--Xo-\n-bo, uin-Xn = -wo-bo-td h-a--e---;tS-w Zn-Xn-en-bo, \o = \o-L-b-an-w, _-cmio-go
= B--co-I-=w _n-iy-=w A--co--o-w -2-tS ,-Z-b u-^-o-w, h|-o = eo-cn-Po-m Ppeo-X-an-!- b--o-td uin-Xn-en-bo F-t
h-ap-]w e-n-w.[epep-X-ub = Pp-eo-X-b--o A-e-c-e--tS hna-Yy-o-\---]-an-bo = Y-W-I-a-h|-n-e--j-h-co-m I-aw tN-n-\n-bo (Z-bn-\- b--ue-Z-ngyw 11.46, f-X-]-Yw 1.4.1.22) _-cmio-go = X-Z--chy h-cme-hy X- h-cme-hyn-hy _n-iy-Xx (b-.
A-[yn-bw 40. a-w 5) \o = \o-g-Zm = \o-Lo-Xm
tt_-Tm\n]
n
-ue-tln- cp-Xo-bo-w a-w eyn-Jyn-\onw. -ui! A-ul A-m ep-X-ub = eo = #--Y-Im +
C-Xo = K-Xo, C-m K-Xv; A-Xn-b-Hm eo-eo-[ 5-Inc-o-- n-\-K-a-\-5n-o -] ey-e-in-c-n-bo, A-Y-en uan--5n-o-%w D--a Ppeo-X-d-to-%-an-bo [--Wn-\x = Y--H-dy-\n-b D-]uZ-wn-en-bo, Bbn-io = e-n-w, i-ey-Zn-X-ub =
i-eo-h-o-%- -2-n-n-bo, uin-Xn = Zn-Xn
- A-n - r-ip-Xn -]. A-[o-~n-Xn-en-b E-X|o-Im
B-bo, _-cmio-go = B -2-t ,-Z-b-an-!-
479 38 +xn
38
- uaSw Bg\nZw
b--ue-Zo-bo \-S-%- b--o, \o h-o

= eo-cn-Po-m h|-o-ub-Io-bn-w[* Zn-\n-Z-\-ubnx BZn-u\- N, Zn-\ + BZ-\
+ BZn-\]
30. X|-a-ul b-n-\nw uin-Xn eo-uf|-gnw
io-Xx.- -uZ-ue-o-cman--ug P-u\\
-(hn-a-ue-Zw -en-o-Iw 5-]n-T-Iw 1, Z-f-Xo 1,
a-7-dw 1. 2)--[hn-a-ue-Z-o-t No-d 5-ho-p-I-c-W-jo-w, I-t-?-K 5-Xo-I-jo-w b--ue-Z-o-tdun-td I-1-e---1m. No-d-Xo A--h|n-c-=w
In--. (-[o-~o-c-ap-anw-h-I) D-Zn: eo-uf-gn,
eo-uf-gnw.-]
-n-en-Yw:w:- ui A-ul = A-r-Wo = -u \-S-%-
h-e 5-In-f-I-\n-b uZ-en! \p. b-n-\n-am = Ppe-t-w, Pp-e-- a--gy-t -J--f|-cy-n-bo \-S-K- Pp-eo-X-an-!- b---tj, uinXn = -W-X e--K--e--an-m A-m. \o-t
#-]-HtIn-1-an-^-an-m a--gy-t h-I-d-u[~-I-a--;w h-^-d-an-!--Hm. \p h-cme-Zn, eouf|-gnw io-Xx=
x F-n-e--tS-w io-Xw \-S-o---e-\n-m. F-n-e-co-w \p h-ap-]--\nbo o-Xo tN--; an--ug-P-u\ = a--gy--]o \o--+--an-!- 5n-Wo-I-jo, uZ-ue-ox
= Zo-ey-Y-W-fn-do-w Zo-ey-Y-W-h----an-bo \p
e-o-%-. A-Xn-b-Hm Zo-ey-Y-W-fn-do-I-jn-b
a--gy-co \o-t ttN-X-\y-=w 5-n-e-=w h-Zn-Xoj-o \o-w. A-e--tS h-Zme-o-w, Zn-\-fp-d-=w,
Xyn-K-n-e-=w, ]-ucn-]-In-c-X-+-c-X-w I-1m B
a-in-5--eo-t h-n-hn-o-yw A---e-ue-Zyan-!w.[--a-Xo = h-Zme-o, eo-ue-I-fp-dw, [-a-\o-~an-b e-o, cn-Xo = Zn-\w, ]-ucn-]I
- n-c- n-e\
- , h-Jyw
= ao-^- n-ew, h-Jo-n-ew, u-i
- -W- n-ew hw-KX
- o.
D-Zn: h|-o en-N-\w uZ-en-\nw -n --a-Xox (b-ue-Zw 25/25)31. ub ô-o-g-nx ]-co-b-o eo-f|n--]n-Wo
_o--Xx.- -en-N--Xo-cm_-dn uX-gnw
X-u\|n A-Zy- Z-[n-H- ua..-(A-Y-ew In-7w 1, -^w 1, a-7-dw 1)-n-en-Yww:-:- 1. ub = C-n-Wn-b P-K-o 5-[n-\an-b ]-Zn-Y-, G-tXn-t-ubn ô-o-g-nx =
3x7 = 21 ]-Zn-Y- (#-Yo-eo, P-dw, A-lo, en-,
B-In-fw) ]--a-in--X-, (5n-W, A-]n\, eyn-\, h-an-\, D-Zn-\) ]--a-in-5nW (N-E, u[n-^w, \n-ho-I, \n-%m, X|-%m)
]-u-o-b- (i-w, ]n-Zw, Y-Zw, D-]-w,
en-%m) ]--I-ua-o-b- X-Yn H-c-x-I-c-Ww,
A-Y-en a-\-m (e-o, No-w, A-i-n-cw) A-to ]--a-in--Xw, ]--X-n-^-I, ]--nu\-o-b, ]--I-ua-o-b-, H- Pp-e,
A-Y-en - ]--1 an-hw, A-m E-H- (rp-w,
e-gw, f-c-Xm, fo-fo-cw, e-h-w) ô-udn-I-
(#-Yo-eo, A--co-gw, Zyv) -cyyn-e-cmo-X h- = -w A-Xo-t
2. A-Y-en - ^ynô-In-d--jo-w D-n-!- (-Xw, e--an-\w,
n-eo) ]-Zn-Y- [xx --ex h|x a-ix P-\x X-]x
h-Xy-am = h--udn-I hw-_--an-b h-a--]-Zn-Y-;w A-Y-en-#-Yo-eo-A-]m-A-lo-en--B-In-f
[-] ]--a-in--Xw + A-i-n-cw, a-i--|w
G-?w - Y-W--;-tS In-c-W-an-bnm C-tn-m 5-In-c-o n-ho-%--Hm.-A-Y-en- h-|-c-Px-X-a-m F-p ô-Y-W-;- c-h-c-2-anw-h-ua-Zhm-A-o a--I-BwF-p f-cp-c-o-m B-[n-c-an-b h--[n-H--;w-A-Y-en-en-X-]o--I-^--d--jn-b a-dw-uZn-g-jo A--dp-\-an-bo-co-%- h--[n-H-,
A-Y-en ô-Y-W--;w h--r-i--;w3. ô-udn-I--jo-td (#-Yo-eo-A--co-w-Zz-udnIw) h--c-Wo-I (=-cy-t h--f|-) A-co--o-td h--en- a-7-d--;w (h--a--Xm
K-Ww) #-Yo-eo-bo-td h--P-d-5-en-iw (tte-Zo-Ix
h- \-Zyx)[]]-co-b-o ]-Zw ô+gg- ]-Zn-Y-K-W--jo
K-a-\-KK-Xo+5o ?-oo 5n-n-cw--o-t --N-\-bn mm.]
4. ô-o-ubn-K h- = Z-f. 7+3=10; ]-o-o-b K-Ww
eo-f|n--]n-Wo _o-Xx ]-co-b-o = F-n 5-In-co-w eo-eo-[--]- [-co-%-I-ubn, an-o-tno-co-%-I-ubn (]-co-e-o-Xw) tN-- h-e-
eyn-]o-bn-b h-Zn h-e-Zn h-I-d-bo-S--jo-w

-o--l-o-tn-o-co-%-.-A-Y-en eo-f|n--]n-Wo = h-a- e--eo-w h|-]-en-\n-bo-co-%- eo-f-I-d-\ ubn-Ky-an-b D-+-
e---tj, _o--Xx ]-co-b-o = [-co-m hw-c-o-m
\n--]n-w ]-co-?-a-Ww tN--tIn-o-co-%-, uXgnw _-dn = A-e-t hn-a-Yyw = uX-P-o-t\,
en-N--Xox = P-\--%m aw-K-j-I-c-an-b en-%-I-;tS A-lo-=-I-;-tS D-]-uZ-wn-en-b 5-Pn-]-Xo ]-c-anZn-em, ua X-\|x = F-t f-cp-c-o-\-I-Km, A-Zy
= C-w, F-w, \o-c--c-an-bo Z-[n-H = [n-c-W =
o-X-an--t.[X-\| f-pw _-*-e-N-\-an-I-bn -d-=w,
-K-=w, In-c-W-=-an-b ô-eo-[ f-cp-c--uj-w
u_n-[o-o-%-. A-Y-en a--gy, ]-o--KnZo-I, #-ao-Ip-S--;w -Sn-tX ?---;w e-\-Xo-I-;w, -g-[o-I H-S-o-b eo-eo-[ X-c-o- f-cp-c--tj-w u_n-[o-o-%-.]
a--o en-N--Xo n-\-Zn-Xn ]-c-anZn-eo-u\n-- 5n-Y-\-bn-m. F-t-n
en-N--Xo-w n-\-Zn-Xn-=w, ]-c-an-Zn-=-an-b
A-m R--;-tS f-cp-c-o -I-jo---co- C-]-tn-m (ô-g-) ]-Zn-Y--;-tS-w _-d-t
[n-c-Ww tN-n-w. F--tIn-t-n A-e eoeo-[--]-o--j-j ]-co-e--\w e---Xn-m. 1.
[D-+-o-o-Xo-?-o-eo-In-c-Pp-W-X-A-]-bw B-c eo-In-c- tIn-n-m B-In-c -]-h- A-lo-b-t---Hm.] X---a- an-w
e- -]w u]n-w b-Yn-Y-o P-K-m A-Y-en
-fy-an-\-an-bo-co-%- 5-]-w X-t-bn-m.
]-co-e--\-o uN-X-\--;w A-uN-X-\--;-an-b ]-Zn-Y--;-1m. a--o--]-ubnKo-o-- ô-g-n eo-uf-g-]-Z-an-m. In-c-Ww B
]-Zw h-a- 5n-#-Xo-I X-|--;-a-S-- en-N-Ian-m.2. ôxox-- 5n-e-fyw A-Xn-b-Hm [-e-W a-\-\
\o-Zo-[yn-h-\w tIn-1m h- (G-?m) A-Xn-b-Hm
h-uKn-]nw-Kw N-H-ue-Z-=w (-m) ?o-bn-Iv-f-dw,
eo-n-\w !--gn-Y- C--t\ eo-uf-gnY-u_n-[-I-an-m ô-g- (21) (E-Im Z-bn-\--n-gyw
1. 72. 6)-Xn-tk--l-w 5-In-c-ta-nw B ]-Zw eyn-Jyn\o-m A-Yw ]-l-bnw.1) ô h-, ô-Y-Wo-X-h- 7x3 =21. ]-Zn-Yw ]-
-a-in--Xw + A---Jy-5n-W+]--n-u\-ob- + A- I-ua-o-b- + H- A-x-I-c-Ww.
+xn 479 39
39
[N-H-ww = a-\-m, e-o, No-w A-i-n-cw] ao-en-cw F-n ]-7o-X-n-w A-Yw h|p-I-coo--1m. ]--a-in--Xw, ]- X-n-^, ]--nu\-o-bw, ]--I-ua-o-bw H- Pp-e C--t\w ]-l--.2) ô+h- 3+7 = 10, G-?w -w ]-m = Z-f.
]--n-u\-o-b-uKn-j-I--;w, ]--I-ua-o-b
A-e-b-e--;w3) (I) ^yn-e-cmo-X h- - - h--I A-Xnb-Hm -w A-e--tS h--w. -Xw, e--an-\w,
n-eo --In-d--jo-w Pp-eo-%- h--udn-I
(xx --ex h|x a-ix P-\x X-]x h-Xy-am) hw-_-o-bn-b
]-Zn-Y--tj-nw 1. B-[yn-Zo-I h--udn-Iw,
2. B-[o-v-Xo-I h--udn-Iw, 3. B-[o-ttZ-eo-I
h--udn-Iw, C-5-In-cw ô-h- 7x3 = 21 B-!-.-(J) a-\-m - 5n-W - B-Z C-e -o-t-w hw-2-an-bo \o-ao-o-- !--g-t uZ-iw.
!--g = !-cp-g... h--[n-H--;-tS A-e-fo-ww =
a-dw, -^w, h--[n-H--;-tS c-hw ]p--gw (hn-cw)
= A--Xm, ep-cyw-(1) h--[n-H - c-hw, c-2w, anw-hw, ua-Z-hm,
A-o, a-, I-Bw-(2) h--I-dn - anw-h-[-cn, c-2-[-c, ua-uZn-[-cn,
u^--[-cn-, !-cp-g-[-cn, ]o--[-cn, I-B-[-cn.-(3) h--B-f-bw - B-an-f-bw, ]o-n-f-bw ]-I|nf-bw, -^n-f-bw, c-2n-f-bw, en-Xn-f-bw, I-^nf-bw-hh-n-hyn-h-\m ]-co-[-b-ox h- h-ao-[x
#--Xnx.- -uZ-en-b-Zy-w X-\|n-\n A-_--\m
!--gw ]-I-am..-(b-. 31. 25)-(K) F-n ]-Zn-Y--;w [n-H-eo \o-m D-n!--Xn-m. B [n-H- G-?-1m. A-Hm A-o \o-w -]w tIn-=--Xn-m. A--ot ]-co-Wn-a--]-o \o-n-m f-cp-c-[n-c-Ww
\-S-%--Hm. f-cp-c-o-t B-[n-cw A--o
\o--n-!- [n-H--jn-tW- hn-cw. A-e c-h
c-2 anw-h ua-Z-m, A-o, a-, ep-cyw ô+h-
= h-|w, c-P-m, X-a-m, ^yn-e-cmo-X h--[n-H.-(4) ô-o-g-nx f-p-o-t A-Yw -n-?-obo e-- G-km, - n-\--jo e-- G-?m.
F-5-In-c-an-uWn Z|o-Zufn (a-inn-gyw 2.2.2) c-m
B-?-o-bo e--, c-1 n-\--jo e--
]-m = B-tI C--]-Xm c-1 e-K--jo-w 10 ep-Xw
2 = C--]-Hm. C-H-u]n-td ô-g-n 3 B-?-o-bo
e-- 7 = B-tI 21. F-n - e-K--jo-dn-bo

G-? ep-Xw e---Hm. d--W-5-In-c-an-m
ô-o-g-n B-]x B-!--Hm. B-u]n... 5... h-
h- uu^--[n io N-?-x (E-uK|-Zw 10. 75. 1) a-
-o -w--]-o B-]x (P-dw)-m - n-\
--jo (X-d-o) G-uk-? n-K--jn-bo eo--P-\w
In-- udn-I--jo-w eo-eo-[ --] n-e--jo
x A-]m X-|-o-t
o-Xo tN--. B-]x=
-d--]w, Zz-udn-I-o-td h--e-W-o--
c-Wo-I, A--co- udn-I-o-td h--a--Zm
K-Ww C-e B-!- (=en---c= en--]-c-X) -SntX -ao-bo o--o---]-Y-W--;- h--P-d5-en-i--;-1m. ue-Z-o ]-l-o-co-%- h-\-Zo-I-jn-Wo-eo-tS ]-cn-a-fo-o-co-%--Hm.
ô-n-\p-b-an-b B-] X-|-o \o-m ?-a-anbo Zyv udn-I-o -cy, A--co--o
eo-Zz-Xm A-Y-en eo-Zz--b-an-b en--a-7-dw,
-a-7-d-o A-lo, -o- A-lo-unX--I-;w 5-I-S-an-bo _-d-=w f-2o-w B-Po%-. C-5-In-cw B-]-bo \o-m h-a- 5-]-=w B--=w eyn--=-an-!-. A-Zmo-cmen C-Zw
h-cme-an--am (f-X-]-Yw 1.1.1.14) C--t\--
B-]x bn-Wo-eo-tS ô-o-g-n F- ]-l- e-oco-%--Hm.
[A-lo-I A-Xn-b-Hm 5n-n-Wn-l-bmx. -cy en-
A-lo C-e -w 5n-W-t\ e-io-%--e-cn-m.
-w h-a--5-]--o-w eyn-]o-o-co-%--Xo\n B-] F- ]-l-b-t--. P-d-o-w tteZz-Xo-5n-W-\n-bo 5-e-io-%-. ô-g---tS -X ]-T-\-o-m ~-1--\o h|n-ao c-No- "ue-Zn[y-b-\ 5-ue-fo-I u]-Pm 1-2.7]
4) f-X-]-Y ~n-1-Wo ]-l-o-- H- o-
A-o-5n-bw -So-]-I-o-bo-m C--]-tn-o-t
N- -o-bn-nw.Z|n Z-f tte- an-hnx hw-e-e-c-hy, ]--cm
ex ^--ubn udn-Inx X-Z|ow-f-Xox. G-ttg-tteI-eow-ufn b G-g --cy--]-Xo.
e
- -g
- o-td ]-1
- a- n-hw + ro-w, e-gw, f-cX
- m,
fo-fo-cw (ui-a-w, e-h-w) A-m E-H- +
#-Yo-eo - A--co-w - Zyv --udn-I.
C-e-tb-nw--So C--]-Xm + (21-a-u-Hm) -cy.
a-w -wo 5-?o-b--tS b-Yn-Y--]-o(H--S-w)
t -K-an-b H- Zo-a-f-\-an-m.-
A--X-am A--b-am G-X-Xm ~-1
40
479 40 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
eoueIUnaWo
eoueI
UnaWo
B.
]--P-e-oo, -S
u^n-Iw 24
-_n-iyn-\n-dw-_-\w ?--u
-uc-ugn-]-c-Xo---an.-]-Z-u--Zw:w:- _n-iy A-\n-dw-_-\w ?-ux G-gn
D--an D-]-c-Xox
-A-\|-bww:-:- ?-ux _n-iy A-\n-dw-_-\w G-gn
D--an D-]-c-XoxA-Yw:w:- ?--ux _n-iy A-\n-dw-_-\w = ?-o--AtS _n-iy-eo-g-b--tj A-e-dw-_o-n-Xo-co-,
G-gn D--an D-]-c-Xox = C-Xm D--a-an-b D-]-c-Xo
B-!-.-\--%-n-!- A-lo-eo-t\ ue-Zn-o-I
-n-bo-X-cw Xo-co-o-co-%-. H-m ]-c-an-Yw.
]-c-a-an-bo B--Xy-o-I-an-bo-co-%- h-Xy-an-
]-c-an-Yw. c-1m ey-e-in-cw. D-W-o-co-%-un
H- ey-2o a-e ey-2o-I-ujn-w f-cp-c-un-w e--ujn-w hw--e--ujn-w hn-i-N-cy-o-\--hco-m D-n-%- ue-G-I-;w 5-Xo-I-c-W--;w ey-ein-c-o t]--. -m -a-e-o. D-l--o
h|-+w In--un-?w D-W-o-co-%-un Zo-enh|-+-o G-t-o-co-%-un-?w a-Zyw -X-dn-b
e-- D-]-ubn-Ko-m X-d- a-K ]o-So-o-co-%un-?w a-o-p-hw-_--an-b ucn-K--n-bo-co-%un-?w A-]-n-cw, a-u\n-eyn-[o, hn-i-N-cy--;-tS
hw-L-gw -X-dn-b-e D-n-bo-co-%-un-?w a-\-o
--n-!- Xo-I-w In-+\oI-an-b 5-Xo-n-h-an-
-a-e-o.\--tS ttZ-\w-Zo-\ Pp-eo-X-o A-u\-Inbo-c--jo H-cn an-^-ta ]-c-an-Yw A-u\|-go%-->. ]-c-an-Yw A-u\|-go-%--Xo--u]n-w
eyn-ei
- n-co-Ia- n-bo ]-d-Hw tN-u-X
- n--1m. A-Xo\n-bo 5n-an-Wo-I-an-b fn-w F-eo-tS Io--ta-
-u\|-go--Ww. fn-w tX-e--Sn-tX ]-l- X-en I-ko-- B-Nn-cy-t\ I-t--Ww. fn--=w
Y--=w A--fn-ho-%- X-]-L-cy-I \-S--Ww.
r--]-co-N-bw e----Xo-\n-bo n-g A-y-ho-
(HS)
-Ww. n-g-bo-td hn-u-Xo-I-an-b 5-?o-b-I

tX-e--Sn-tX
a-\-o-dn--Ww.
C-Xo-t\-nw
_n-iy-eo-g-b--tj B-[-bo-u--H-m. ]-c-an
-Yw A-u\|-go-%- H-cn-%m en--e-o
X-o-\o-w te-jo-bo-- H-o-u\-w uX-Soun-uI--Xn-bo-o-. H- I- te--ta--n
h--hn-K-c--;w \o-l- Io-S-%- P-d-o-t
]-c-an-Y-h|--]w a-\-o-dn-nw. udn-I-K-
h-I-d-J-\o-I-jo-w a-l--Io-S-%- C--o-t
h|-n-ew a-\-o-dn-%-en \nw D-]-ubn-Ko-%-
H- I-o-bo-td C-- ]-co-ufn-[o-n a-Xo-bn!w. A-H-u]n-td X-t--o 5-e-o--tIno-co-%- u_n-[-a-\-o-t\-w A-u_n-[-t-w
A-lo-en-bo-co-%- B-Zn-eo-t\-w [--ubn-
--So ]-To-%--]-w h-a- Pp-e--]--jo-w
5-e-o-%--Xn-b ttN-X-\y-t-w B-Z-h|-]-t-w A-lo-bn I-ko-w.uan---n-uI--Xm _--In-c-W-an-bo-co%- h|-w a-\
- o \o-X
- t
- -bn-m. G-tXn-
e-o-tIn-n-uWn ]-c-an-Y-t r-io-u--Xm
A-Xm (B a-\-m) te-jo-bo-d-, \--tS D-o-t-bn-m. h|-bw 5-In-f-an-bo D-o P|-do-\o-- B A-lo-em \o-c-u]--an-m. B-udn-No-%un ]-c-an-Y-Z-f-\-o-m B-e-fy-an-b-tX-nw
D-o--t--m F- u_n-[y-an-!w. A-u\|go-%- e-o-tb A-eo-tS--t \o-d-\o
-K--Xo-m ue-tln- Xn-+-cy-o-w u]n-In-
h-Xyn-o-en--bo-- B-Z-c-Xo (~-1-n\w) D-n-bo-co--Ww. _n-iy-eo-g-b--jo c-Xobo-n-tX h|n-Zn-eo--t B-\--en-\n-bo-co%- A-e--bn-m D-]-c-Xo A-Y-en eo-c-2o.h-e-X--h|-X--\n-bo, Pp-e--2-\n-bo
I-ko-- h-\yn-ho-%m _n-iyn-dw-_-\-ua C-.
B-Zn-\--o -?-Io--ko-- -2-t\
an-J-I-bn-o-tn-n-m hn-[-I ]-c-an-Yw
A-u\|-go-%--Xo-\n-bo ]-u-o-b--tj-w I-c+xn 479 41
41
N-c-W--tj-w A-S-o-X-o-ud-%-X-t Xo-co--Hm. A-H-tIn-m D-]-c-Xo f-a-Z-an-Zo B-c-Y-W-jo e-j-tc 5n-[n-\y---Xn-tW- In-Wn
I-ko-w.-u^n-Iw 25
-hh-i-\w h-cme-x-Jn-\n-a-5-Xo-In-c--cme-Iw-No-n-eo-dn-]-c-io-Xw-hn Xo-Xo-n \o-K-Zy-uX.-]-Z-u--Zw:w:- h-i-\w h-e-x-Jn-\nw B-5-Xo-Inc--e-Iw No-n-eo-dn-]-c-io-Xw hn Xo-Xo-n
\o-K-Zy-uX.-A-\|-bw:w:-hexJn\nw
A5XoInceIw
Noneodn]cioXw hi\w, hn XoXon
\oKZyuX.
-AA-Yww:-:- hcme-x-Jn-\nw A-5-Xo-In-c--cme-Iw =
F-n x-J--;-tS-w 5-Xo-In-c-e-o -Sn-tX-w,
No-n-eo-dn-]-c-io-Xw h-i-\w = No--w I-c-ow -Sn-tX-- h-io- (G-tXn-un), hn
Xo-Xo-n \o-K-Zy-uX = A-Xm Xo-Xo- F- ]-l-bt--.-F-n-eo-[ x-J--;-tS-w \o-f-p-an-b h-i\-an- Xo-Xo- F- ]-l-o-co-%-. -K-en
e- hnw-hn-co-I-an-b (dv-Io-I-an-b) Pp-eoX-t h-e-x-J-an-bo In--. P-\-\w, a-c-Ww,
ucn-Kw, en--Iyw, -?---an-- ue-G, ui-h---cn-b h-Zm ?--co-\o-- eo-ubnKw F-o-e-tb-nw x-Jw. x-J-In-c-W-an-b-Xo-t\
F-Xo-%-en ]-l-bn-tX hw-hn-cw x-J-an-tWw x-J-o- In-c-W--t-w x-J-\n-fw e-o \o-Fn-Ww (uan-w) 5n-]o-nw F-w -Ken e- ]-l--.hw-hn-cw x-J-an-tW--lo---Xn-m H-na-t B-cy-h-Xyw. x-J-o-m H- In-c-W--t-lo---Xn-m c-n-a-t B-cy-h-Xyw. x-J-Inc-Ww hnw-hn-co-I-an-b J--bn-tW--lo---Hm
-n-a-t B-cy-h-Xyw. J--bo-n-tX-bn-bn
x-J-\n-f--n-bo \o-Fn-Ww 5n-]o-nw F--Xnm \n-dn-a-t B-cy-h-Xyw. \o-Fn-W-Z-f-\w
ubn-K-en-ho-~-o-w -K-e-ZmKp-X-bo-w [p-\n-cnb-W-Y--eo-t B-uZn-]-uZ-f-f-X-I-o-w \-% In-Wnw.hn--iy-Pp-eo-bn-b a--gy A-e-t ey-2oX|-t ]-c-a-5-[n-\-an-bo I--H-. ao--en-cw
A-e-t B-Zn-eo-t n-\-Km A-e-m A--e-an-!--Hm A-e-t A-i--bn-m. hn--iy-an-b
479 42 +xn
42
- uaSw Bg\nZw
e-j--bo A-i--w e-j-m In-co--

-u]n-td _-do-~-an-bo-p--. h|n-Y-]-c-X-n-!- B-r-i-o-t \o-l-ue-l-do-m A-?-aan-bo--u]n-w eo-g-b-t r-io-%-I-w Xn
-tI-nXo-%- eo-g-b-t r-io-%--Xo--
X-S--t A-?-aw D-]-ubn-Ko-m D--d-\w tN-I-ubn ]-cn-Po-X-\n-!- h---o \o-m H-joun--I-ubn tN--.\--tS u_n-[-a-\-o-t A-So-bo A-u_n[-o-u-Xn-b H- e-do-b -K--m; h|n-Y-Xn-+cy--tj-tb-nw In-K c-o-%- H- -Kw.
5-Xo-ucn-[--Kw tt]-fn-No-I-an-b-eo-[w In-S-w
\o-l--uXn, G--=w e-o-an-t-u]n-w I-C--S--eo-[w Iv-f-dw \o-l--uXn B-bo-co-%w.
H-cn-% a-e--e-co-\o-m an-\-ho-I-uan fn-cp-coI-uan B-b -Xw D-n-bn un-io--e-u\n-m
-Kp-b-an-bo 5-Xo-In-cw In-Wo--W-ta-n-m
t]n-
- t
- \ D-n-!
- 5-Xo-Ic
- W
- w. A-Xo- hn-iN-cyw 5-Xo--d-an-tW-o uIn-]-Xn-]- D-otdn-H-o ]o-Xo-co--ta-o-w ]o-p-Sm C-c-o
uZ|-g-un---So a-S-o-e- 5-Xo-In-cw tN--.
C--t\ hn--io-I-=w a-\x-fn--]-c-=-an-b 5-Xoucn-[-o--ue-o te-- a--gy-t ,-Z-bo H-w h-an-[n-\w D-n-In-tX h-I-d-h-a-b=w e-?-e-o-ubn---So ]-I-- -Zo-L--^
- ta-\---o-tn-o-co-%w. a--gy-t
ufn-N-\p-b-an-b o-Xo-I-m -eo-I-cn-b E-go
-an, Kv-X-a-e-, ub-I-?o-, 5-en-N-I-\n-b
-i--Zm, Y--\n-\n-%m, \n-cn-b-W-Y-, a-in-Zn
-Kn-o F-o-e-tc-nw a--gy-t [--tb ]o-t
-w ]o-t-w A-iow-h-bo-ud-%w In--Wy-oud-%w -Wo--tIn-m f---tj-w ao-^--tjun-td u-io-%-en D-]-uZ-fo-o-co-%-.F--tIn-n- a--gy- -ao-%-en I-kobn--Xm? F--tIn-n-m tX-e-tN--e-u\n-
Zn-o-Wyw In-Wo-%-en I-ko-bn--Hm? ue-tln-e In-Wo- A-\p-Xo-tIn-m, A-?-aw-tIn-m
,-Z-b-c-2w en- t]n-tn-o-co-%--e-m A-H
t]-t- a-l-n-\n-eo-. a--gy A-?-a-o-
eo-u[n-b-\n-!--e an-^-a-, h|-bw A-?-ao-w
-So-bn-m. G-X-?-ao-bn-b a--gy-t ,-Z-b-ow \o-a-d-an-b H- a-\-n-o-bo--m tX-e-tXn-tW-w f-co f-co-bn-tW-w A-e-u\n- ]-l--1m. h|-w a-\-n-o-bo-\o- e-- \oa-d-an-b f-pw A-e-t ,-Z-b-o A-e-u\n--Xt-- hw-L--\-=w hw-L-g-=w D-n-%-.
hw-L-g-n A-e-\o No--w eo-dn]-=w D-n-!-. tN--u]n-b tX-o-u\--o--

x-J-u_n-[-=w A-e-t\ A-d--. G--=w A--
-,-K--%-u]n-w A-e-t\ B-f|-ho-o-%en I-ko--o-.-No- H--e-t\ A-h|--w N--d-a-\--w
D-l--ao-n--e-w B-%-. A-uXn-tSn-w A-et a-\-o-t\ -b-=w uIn-]-=w e- r-ho-%-.
eo-d-]o-%- a-u\n-ucn-Ko h-Xyw In--en I-kobn-tX C--jo-t A-Kn-[-X-bo-ud-% e-?-Xo ep-
-tIn-o-co-%-. No-n-eo-dn-]- Pp-eo-Xo-td e-do-b B-]-K-I-jn-bo-co-%--H-u]n-td,
A-[yn-Z-bn-^-bo-- G--=w e-do-b X-S-h-=an-m. A-H-tIn-m A-[yn-Z-Pp-eo-Xw B-r-io%--e-m B-Zyw-X-t D-]-uZ-fo--tIn--%--Xm
B-Zyw X-t Xo-Xo- ]-co-fp-do-n-\n-m.-
-Pp-e-h--b-o-td H- !--Pp-eo-bn-m
F-c-m. A-Xo-t A-+-an-^-an-b f-cp-cw a--gy-t
N-eo--tIn-m A-c--u]n-!-. A-Xo-m H- 5-Xoucn-[-ua-->. \--H-u]n-td A-a-o--So-m,
a--gy-t
f-cp-c-o-ud-%m
Xp-t]n-=--Hu]n-td - \p-c- eo-gw I-b-o-eo--I. F-c-
I-So-n B-w ep-1-eo-Nn-c-ao-n-tX A-Xo-t\
tR--So--j-w. Pp-eo-I-jo-ud-%w tN-lo-b F-c-m
H--e-f-m. a-in-e-o-an-\n-b a--gy a-c-e-fm. u]n--co F-c-o---^ tte-cw X-tbn-m a--gy----Hm. B a--gy-u\n-Sm A-^-w
\o-#-w-\n-In-tX a--gy-X|w In-Wo-%-en \n-cnb-W-Y- B-e-fy-t-- - "H--]p-U-tb-c-o-w
e----Xm " F-m Xo-Xp--tb ue-Zn-o--tS
I-e-N-a-bo 'eo-ue-I--Un-a-Wo' In-o--o-co(H--S-w)
%-.-
~-1-Nn-co-m e-Wn--cw D-n-I-Ww
-~-1-N-cyw ue-Z-fn-n-Zo-I-;-tS A-[y-b-\w -So-bn-Wm. B A-[y-b-\-o \o-w G-e-w u\--Xm n-\w X-t-bn-Wm. ]o-7w, ~-1n-7w F-o--t\ c-n-bo f-cp-c-o-t\-w P-K-ot\-w b-Yn-?-aw \n-a-I-c-Ww tN-o-m f-cp-c-o ~-1-n-7-o---H X-t-bn-Wm ]o-7-eXmI-co-o-co-%--tX-n-Wm A-e fo--Ww u\---Xm. ~-1n-7-o-t H-cw-f-an-Wm hv-c--Yw.
hv-c--Y-o-t \n-Y -cy-\n-Wm. -cy-c-Wo-I-jn-Wm hv-c--Y-o-t \n-Uo-I. Cv hv-c-Y-o-t F-n 5-e--\--;w r-uin-]-r-i-uKn-j-I--;-tS -a-Ww -cy-t B-I-g-Wn--Ig-W--tj B-[-bo-n-Wm \-S-%--Xm. E-H--;-tS B-e--\-=w -y-u]-bn-Zo-I-;-tS-w 5n-Wen--eo-t-w D-Xm]n-Z-\-hw-c--W 5-?o-b-I-;w -cy-5-Z-o-W-o-t ^-d-an-bo--u^ h--an-!--Xm. ~-1-Nn-co ~-1n-[y-b-\w F- ue-Z-]-T-\w \o-e-io-%-un Cv v-Xo-I 5-?o-b-I;-tS c-i-hy-=w ]-c-hy-=-an-b-tX-nw u_n-[o--Ww. C-Xm ~-1-N-cy-o-t v-Xo-I d-y-an-Wm.
-cy-c-Wo-m K--U F- u]--t- an-^-a-, o-Xo-In-c-I-\n-b eo--eo-t en-i-\-=-an-W-Xm.
B-In-f-Nn-co-bn-b-Xo-\n -]-W-t\- ]-o-bn-Wm -cy-c-Wo. C--cw -K-n-\--tj-nw
v-Xo-I eo-Zy-bn-I-bn A-Xo \o- r--io-n-=--Xm v-Xo-I-an-b n-\w an-^-an-Wm. C-Xo-ttb-nw B--co-I c-i-hy- hn-an-\y-e-o-% -rn-iy-a-. ue-Zn-[y-b-\w tN-- ~-1-Nn-co
K--U F- ]-Z-o-\m eo--en-i-\-ta- I-Yn-]n-^-hw--!-cn-W-o I-n B-In-f-Nnco-bn-b -cy-c-Wo-tb-m A-Yw r-io- tIn--Ww. A-Xo-\m \o--2n-Zo ue-Znw-K--tj B-[-bo-Ww. eo- -cy-\n-tW-w o-Xo-In-c-I-\n-tW-w a-\-o-dn--Ww. B-[o-v-Xo-In-Y-o
-cy-ew-fo N--ew-fo-I-jn-b cn-Pn--n eo--eo-t o-Xo-I-J-X|w ]n-do-%- F-w A-e-tS -c-W-L-S-\-w Z-7-ey-e--w cn-Py-\o-b-a-o-t K--U-t c-1 No-l-!-I-jn-tW-w
r--io-n-- B-P-ew ~-1-Nn-co-m D-n-I-Ww. C--t\ dv-Io-I ey-e--bo-td Hn-ucn-Aw-K=w -eo-Zo-X-an-bo--ko-n C-e- !-l-ua a-tn- eo-Zyn-n-Kw--So A-e-uf-go-%-t- A-lo-em
~-1-Nn-co-% d-o-%. dv-Io-Iw -2o--uS-Xn-Wm. A-Xm A-lo-en-bo. C-\o---Xm B-Z-eo-Zy-bn-Wm.
A-Xm -2o--tS eo-Zy-bn-!-. A-X-lo-b-W-ta-o av-2o-Iw Io-n -K-o-o ]o-j--Ww.
A-Xn-Wm dv-Io-I-eo-Zy. A-un -K Io-w. -o-\m av-2o-I-ta-n-Wm ]-l---Xm. -2n F-w
]-cyn-b--m. dv-Io-I-X--tS !-lw-uXn- eo-S-o, A-I-o-co-%- -m F--%- eo-Zy-bn-Wm
-2o-hn-[-\-bo A--e--\p-bw. -cy-t c-Wo-I-jo tte-eo-[y-an- e-W- D-m. B eW- f-cp-c-o an-- D-n-%-. -K-No-o ]n-I-an-!-un e-- e-Wn--cw u]n-td
-bn-Wo-Xm.+xn 479 43
43
Uo. Iadnnbo
A-[yn-bw 7 (HS)
S)
-eo-Zyn-dw-#-X-
8. a-w-:
Cbw Iuocm
ocm _ohJnCenPXm
_ohJnCen PXm
hn KocpWnw Xeougocm
hn
Xeougo cmaoox.
]caneX{paeuh
]caneX
paeuh ?2oox
oox
hch|Xpan eoenuha [pXoox.
(EuK|Zw 6. 61.2)
-nn-en-Yw:w:- Dt]ndo Ft\bnuWn
adtew !oHdom Boco eun
ob \o eactjw panInc
jnb ]nltIujw A\nbnhw IS!ko
H?ojHm AuX dnLeuntS eogo
Ijnb pI A\Kjw H?IotbK AetS
f2anb enKm eodnhnw eo2anb
CSt]SdotSw f2cnb 5XoubnKoI;tS
!Xtj Xoj. FXocnjoI;tS
fpuLngw hotd XocI tIS
Hu]ntd \oPpeann 5 AetS
enWpeodnho1m. eI \%w B]n
7oXyo o \foccnbo cnbo
Abw uXSnw. 5?anb en%Ijnw
hXmIajnw eoZyn]oWobnb enKm
uZeotb Ponw.
-a-n-Yw:w:- \ZoI F5IncanuWn
F IncanuWn Iuo
o=
_den, Xeougo
Xeougo= edob edob, cmaoo=
oo
AdandIjn, KocpWnw
KocpWnw= ]eX;tS, hn
hn=
Xnkmencw, APXm
PXm= AHu]ntd Cbw
Cbw= eo
gobnb \ncp, eohJnx Ce
Ce= Xnaceo ]lot
lo dnLeuntS, Iuox
ox= _den, Xeo
ugo= ain, cmaoo=
ugo
oo A\Kjw H?Iotb
K enWpeodnhnw eof2obnw
KocpWnw= ]FX KwKtjuntd APcnb
KocpWnw
5XoubnKoItj hn
hn D
DPXm
PXm=!Xjn
! Xnkmenctj ad tew Boco
em XoItloHu]ntd, ]ncneX
44
479 44 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
{pw
pw= 5XoubnKotS fpPndjn! h
t uZo%, hch|Xp
hch|Xp= B eogobnb
ptb \, Aeuh
Aeuh= cnbo, ?2oox
oox
[pXoox= 5? enWobnw Ianw,
[pXoox
Beoenuha=P tNnw.
Beoenuha
So--Wo:o:- cmao=cm
o
uWnuXx (\o2w 5.24),
-SoXeogam=ain (\oL1 3.3), ]ncneX
]ncneX{p= ]ncn
enc LnXo\pw. ?2oox,
oox, 5?nox,
nox, ufn
\nox,Xoox.
\nox,
Xoox. [pXoox, Icmaox (\o2w 2. 23)
9. a-w-:
hch|Xo uZe\ouZn \o _cmib
5Pnw
5
Pnw eof|hy ghbhy
hbhy anbo\x.
DXoXouyne\pceoun
DXoXouyn
e\pceoun
eoguauyn Auen
A uen enPo\peXo..
(EuK|Zw 6. 61. 3)
-nn-en-Yw:w:- Aubn eogo! h]uZf=w, ]nT
\=w tIn1m f|c \oug[oIjnbetS enb
Sm AetS 5e\tj \oan&.
An\oIjnb hIdanbneoI;tSw Pnd
o\SoaIjnb agytS ,Zbo Alo
eot t]n5 eoXlo Aetc hXyotw
[aotw ]nXboud% \bo&. agytS
cIbnb ueZenWotb 5Ncoom Aetc
n\Jecn%I. agy%m PpePdw
\o Ario% PdunXIu]ntd
\ot DaIan NcWjn an\ecnfo%m
n\ch]n\w \o Aetc eoanncn%I.
-a-n-Yw:w:-hch|Xo
hch|Xo= ui eogp! uZe\oZx
uZe\oZx=
f|c\oug[ 5?oI, \o _cmib=
b \oub
gw HS \pojHm, ghbhy
hbhy = eoZy
tS AnZI, anbo\x
anbo\x= anbneo, eof|hy
eof|hy= Fn
etSw, 5Pnw
Pnw= AeoZyn] 5PItj, \o
_cmib = \foom, DX
DX= SntX, oXoyx =
agy%m, Ae\ox
Ae\ox= cIbnb ueZenWoI,
Aeox = 5nanobom, enPo\peXo = Da
Ia BNco% eogp!, Gyx
Gyx=
an\e%ueo, eogw= n\hdodt,

Ae
ex= 5eioo%I.
-SoSo--Wo:o:- ggbhy
gbhy = BnZIhy, eh
BnZu\
nZu\ CXynZm
CXy nZm #ugnZcnZoX|nZm
ugnZcnZoX|nZm C
Cw]
hooxox (E.Z:. 1.93. 4) ghox
ho
hox ue
uew\ncm
\ncmYx
ghbXo
hbXo hcmew uewbXpXo
ue bXpXo ghbx
hbx Acx
A cx
(hnbW) eogam- eogam CXo DZI\na
eonuXx
eo
nuXx eo cm
cmehy en hNuXx (\o2w. 12.
25. 14) \o _cmib = \o _cmi iowhnbnam.
10. a-w-:
aoZm
aoZm n
n #WeXm
WeXm hch|XyIencp
uNXXo enPo\peXp.
[Wn\n
[
Wn\n PaZloeXm
PaZ oeXm en\n
en\n
N eho
eho~eXm
eXm..
(EuK|Zw. 7. 96. 3)
-nn-en-Yw:w:- anb
IaYWh|ne;
]7oXbnb p hId%w \eK.
Ijudfaon hXmIa\ocXanb BNc
Wjn AetS n\Zn\bot
^danbo an\e ,Zbw \oadan!. a
gytc Aloeot ]nXboud% \bo%I an^
a, PpeoXt%lom Aeco !Xob PnrX
P\oo%Iw tN. aunncWw tN
Alouinô%o 5P|doXanboco%
bnlo% han\anbo h]uZfjn
P\tj ]coIcn%. AuXntSnw AXo
fbIcanb cpXobo ]n]!Wytj%low
IanIatj%low h|bw eoueN\w tNm
fcobnbe h|nwfpIconw Xuetb
Xnw Ae agytc 5ncn!. Ianb
PpeoXcpXow n\an! [\=w BPo
Ae ucn Incy;w A]rYo ]Tom
PpeoXw [\yanop%.
-a-n-Yw:w:-n= w (YW-Ia-h|new), hc
h|Xp= eogp\nco. am
h|Xp
am CXm #WeXm
WeXm = \
Xt tN, AIenco = lao, enPo\p
eXp= 5f n\ Ia; eogobnb
eXp
p, PaZ
PaZloeXm
oeXm = Alo P|doom Alouin^w
tN bnoIt\untd, [Wn\n
Wn\n= D]
uZfw X, eho
eho~eXm
eXm N = AXofbIcanb
eoZyn YWn apX\nb ain[\oIt\
untd, en\n
en\n= ucn Incyotw YW
Ia h|nealom Xo, uNXn\o =
ttNX\y=w DuP\=w Alo=w \.
So--Wo:o:-AIenco
AIenco-A!oX
oX Ka\n (hnbW)
-SoPaZloeXm
PaZ
oeXm- PaZ
PaZlbx
bx 5PaoXn
PaoXnlubn
ubn en
5P|doXn
P|doXnlubn
ubn en (\o. 7. 24), eho
eho~eXm
eXmeho~xx AXofub\ e
eho
ean
an (EuK|Zw. 7. 33. 12
Zbn\ ngyw) ubn ehXo [cmanZoIcma
uhnXofboXx
uhn
XofboXx (EuK|Zw. 1. 112. 9 Zbn\ ngyw)
AXofub\= enhboXn (b. Z. n. 13. 54)
AXofub\
11. a-w-:
hch|Xpw uZebunieu
uZebu nieu
hch|Xpa[|uc Xnbanu\
hch|Xpw #uXn
uXn Ai|b
Ai|b
hch|Xp ZnIug
Zn ug encyw ZnXm.
(EuK|Zw. 10. 17. 7)
n-en-Yw:w:- hanuPnncWw dyanobo
-ne YHdyw Aoeyanb pItj t]nH
ueZoIjo AetS Ao5nb=w Alo=w
5ISoon Aehcw \o BZcoWw.
bIajow hnwncoIueZoIjow Ae
tS h]uZf uIm !WyIajo
Xn+cy=w Bh2ow P\,Zbjo Dn
Ww. P\pbcnb pItj BZco%oSKm
ecWpbanb f|cy=w, fnow han[n\=w
hwJow eojbnw.
w:- uZeb
uZebxx = hanPt uZencno
-a-n-Yw:aneen Brio%e, hch|Xo = eogp
ieu= BZcew Wo%,
\ncotb ieu
A[|uc= bot, #Xm
A[|uc
Xmx = !Wyenn
ZnIug
ug = hn\w \ecnb,
cnb P\, Zn
ency = ecWpbanb f|cyw, D]uZfw, Jn
ZoI, ZnXm = 5nan%.
-12. a-w-:
Kv-cp-cmao-an-b h-do-dn-\o
X--uXy-I-]-Zp Z|o-]-Xp hn N-H--ZpA-wn-]-Zp \-e-]-Zp _--=-gph-i-n--cn ]-c-ua -ueyn-a-(E-uK|-Zw 1. 164. 41)n-en-Yw:w:- eo-Zy-w eo-\-b-=w tIn-1m 5-In-f-ne-Xo-bn-b p n-\ h-do-d-n h--]-uZ-fan-!- a-k tNn-co--. A-e -n-c--]-an-b
H--]-Zw tIn-1m [yn-\n-e--bo-td-K. A-e-c
-z-Z-b \o-u[-b--I-jn-!- c-1 -e--I-jn
Pp-eo-Xw Nn-co-Xn-Yy P-\-I-an-%-. N-H-ue-Z-jn-!- \n--]-Z--jn ]-T-\-=w ]n-T-\-=w tN-m
[-aw, A-Yw, In-aw, uan-w F-p \n-]-Z--;w
5n-]o-%--Xo-m A-\-e-c-Xw 5-?--\-\o-c-X-cn-bo
c--o%-. \n- e-W--;w N-H-cn-[-a-X-|--;w
+xn 479 45
45
P-\--tj B-N-c-W-o--tS ]-To-o-m A-e F-

]-Z
- ;
- w I-cK
- X
- a- n-%
- . ]-
n-u\-o-b
- ;w,
A---c-W N-H-w-b--;w uN-m H-]-H X-|-tj h|-bw ]-To-w a-e--e-tc ]-To-o-w u[-ban-K-t 5n-]o-%-. A-e B-bo-c--W-o-m
A--c--jn ]-Zn-e-do -wo-m F-eo-tS-w eo-Zytb- an--co-I f-2o--tS 5-n-e-n Fnbo
SKw DX]Zeo u\So eo-P-bw ttI-e-co-%-.-a-n-Yw:w:-KvKv-co=
o eo-Zyn-5-In-f-n A-Xo-a
-u\n-i-co-w eo--go--an-b p, h-do-dn-\o =
n-\-an-!- I--P-d-t, X--Xo =uInco-tn-co-m, ao-an-b = D-]-uZ-fo-%-. hn =
A-e, G-I-]-Zp = -n-c--]-an-!- B-Zy-]n-Zw
e--. Z|o-]-Zp = A-z-Z-b \o-u[-b--I-jn-!-
c-nw-]n-Z, N-H--Zp = N-H-ue-Z--]-an-b
!--gn-Y N-H-w-b--jn-!- \n-dn-]n-Zw, A-wn]-Zp = ~n-1-Wn-Zo \n-dn-[-=w ~1NcynZo
\ndn[a=w uN-Km F-nw ]n-Z-=w, \-e ]-Zo =
]--n-u\-o-b--;w a-\-m, e-o, No-w
A-i
- n-c -]a- n-b A-
- c
- W
- - N-Hw
- b
- =
- w uN-
H-]-Xnw ]n-Z-=w e-m u[-b-o-b-, ]-c-ua ueyn
-a = --Xy-o-t ]-S-=-I I-b-lo hin
cjn A-Xo-a-i-n-b uh-e-\-=w D-]-uZ-f=w \--.-SoSo--Wo:o:-KvKv-cp---ucn-N-uX, P|dXo Icma-Wx \o-.
11. 36. 28, --N- Zp-v, B-Zy--eo-]-cy-bw. Nv-cp.
Kv-cpx Kv-cp, --udn-]n-n-ex On--hnx (hnb-W) a--o-t Z-bn-\--n-gy-o.-H- ]n-Zw H- ue-Z-t, c-nw-]n-Zw c-1ue-Zw,
N-H-n-Zw tIn-1m \n--ue-Zw F-nw ]n-Zw \n-dm
ue-Z-=w \n-dm D-]-ue-Z-=w, H-]-Xm tIn1m eyn-I-cWn-Zo h|-c-fn--=w rio n-en-Y-o A-ui-o-t A-o-5n-bw. bnx p-p-bnx h-cmen,
hnw-uKn-]nwKn, ue-Zn-\-[p-Xy, A-[yn-]-b-o
Xnx h-cmen a--gyn, D--b-o A-Yw.
G-tXn- p-bn-uWn ue-Z--;w fn---;w hnwuKn-]nw-Kw b-Yn-eo-[o ]-To-%-I-w ]-To-o-%-Iw tN--Hm Ae h-a--an-\-e--tS-w \--%ue-o 5-b-Uo-%w.13. a-w-:
b-Zn-fn-hn e-Z-uXn-ua eo--E-u-b-Zyn-N-an-\-hy N-c-uXn P-\nw A-.-.-b-Zn-Z-\o X-u\|n ua eo--co-ww-h-c-h|-Xp X-Zn-#-Wn-Zm z--uX-\.
(A-Y-ew. 7. 57. 1)-
46
479 46 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
n-en-Yw:w:- -B-ucn-tS-o-w hw-hn-co- tIn-o-c-o

-n-un ]-d h---o-w A-e--tS en-%-I
F-t a-\-o-t\ eyn-!-d-an-%-. F-t-o-w
h-ZmI-a-\o-e-i-W-o-\n-bo h-in-b-a-y-Yo-m
]-d-uc-w h--ap-]o-n-c-1m. ]-d-un-?w A-e-co
\o-m e- \ow A-]-in-hy-=w G-e-en-o
F-t a-\-m eo-In-c-eo-un-w tIn-1 X-j--.
C--t\ Pp-eo-X-o--S-\p-jw G-- ]-cn-P-b-=w
\o-fo-X-an-b eo-a-f-\--;w tIn-1m A-]-an-\
-n-cw Xn-n-\n-en-tX f-cp-c-=w a-\-w X-j--.
]-u n-\o-w eo--go--an-b H- p--tS
hn-ap-]yw, A-e--tS h-Zmn-e-\-I-;w h--]-uZ-f-=w
tIn-1m X-j--e-f-\n-b F-\o-%m -X-h-p-e\p-a-w u]n-td f-cp-c-uN-X-\-w, B-Z-i-g-=w
ep-t--n-w h-XmI-a--j--~o-m fn--an-bo
Pp-eo-n-w u5-c-W \--.-A--ubn ]-c-an-Zn-ue! R--;-tS cn-{o n-\o-I-;w -f|-cy-e-Xo-I-;-an-b p
c-U--tj 5-Zn-\w tN-n-w. A-e-tc uI-nw, A-e ]-l---Hm 5-e-o-n-w X-Z|n-cn
A-e-tc _-*-an-\o-n-Z-co-n-w R--tj 5-uNnZo-o-n-w. A--t\ R--;-tS cn-Py-o-t
ubn-K-u-aw D--X-u[-Wo-bo-td-t. cn-Pyo-t Ip-o udn-I-ta-w eyn-]o-o-n-w
I-ko--an-ln-I-t.-a-n-Yw:w:-bb-Xm= F-un, e-Z-Xm = hw-n-g-Ww
\-S-K-un, ua
ua= F-t a-\-m, B-f-hn =
GtXntubn B-Ln-X-n, eo--E-u = eo-Et-an-!-, b-Xm =F-un, P-\n A- = P-u\n]-In-c-o--ue-o, bn-N-an-\-hy = G-tX-o-w
h-ZmIn-cy-o--ue-o [-\w B-e-fy-t--un,
N-c-Xx = A-[o-u-]o-m \o-cn-f-\n-!-un F-t
a-\-m eo-E-t-an-!w. F-n Rn B-Z-\o,
X-\|x ua eo-co-ww = fn-cp-co-I-=w an-\-ho-I-=-an-boX-j- F-t, h-c-h|-Xp = eo--go-bn-b p B
x-J-t-w B-Z \o-b--W-ao-n- A-e-ub-w z--uX-\ = h-Zmn-e-\-bn-!- u-i-[n-cbn h--]-uZ-f-an-!- A--X e-N--I tIn-1m
F-t a-\-o fno \o-l--.
-SoSo--Wo:o:-BB-f-hn - BMm fn- iow-hn-bn-am.
eo-N-E-u = eo E- h--d-u\. eo-co-ww =eoco-g
iow-hn-bn-am. B #--W-Xm - B #--W-nu\5p
u\ p A-^
(H--S-w)
--cuW e-cmX-uX.
.......
.......
CXoinhIYn]n^\nauInfw
nhIYn]n \nauInfw
hnZI - [paXo.
paXo. ueZcWo
ueZc
A]enem
]enem :- pauh\t ]v^, LuSn
Nt !^ ainncXo unW
!^\nb Af|Qnanenm A\]en
eot\ e[o%Hm.
AWoan7ey
AWoan
ey:-:-(AYw: Jdot Arn
Kw [coe)
an7ey F \o cnP[\w uanwom
o Fm tXocom, cnPnem Aui
om e[fo eo[o. Jdo !o
tnn\nbo I+\. ejtc \n;I
Ikoow an7ey acoo. Aehn\w
cnPneom tXm a\odnbo. xJoX\nb
Auiw an7eyt\ Ft\ ctnw
F Noo. Jdw loaneIbntX
aeanKw C Fm a\odnbo. Jdot
Arw (AWo) fcpco Aeufgo.
A X an7ey AWoan7ey
F u]co Alobt HSo. (ainncXw
BZo]ew 107-nw A[ynbw)
_nd\nbocot tNcIojoItj !o
tInK F ]n]ot fobnbnm
Jdo IoSuo eHm Fm an7ey\m
a\odnbo. 12 ebetc tN ]n]
%m fobo Fm fneo[o. AXo\n
X\o% eo[o fo tXnbounbo Fm
]lm [at\ an7ey f]o%. \o
fn]n [a Jpbo eoccnbo
P\o%. (ainncXw BZo]ew 108-nw
A[ynbw)
io\!cobo ]n7e eho%
un [p# Aetc InWnt\K.
AeotS Auiw I1ob \oantS
o AWoan7eyt u]m. (ainnc
Xw DuZynK]ew 83-nwA[ynbw)
eouZicnPneo \ow udnIw \f|can
tWw, BZfno%ueo 5bUoWw
Fw uIm hwJ\nb AWoan7ey
uanw 5n]o. (ainncXw fno]ew
276, 3-14 etc u^nI)
Ai
i:-:- ncXotd H 5nNp\cnPnem.
io\!cw \oao io cnPneot
ewfo P\\w. eynht ]vô #X|otb
eoeniw Iko.
(ainncXw BZo]ew A[ynbw 1 u^nIw
228, icoewf]ew A[ynbw 18 u^nIw
53, icoewf]ew A[ynbw 20 u^nIw 4,
fdy]ew A[ynbw 45 u^nIw 46)
AXoInb:-:- (AYw: edob fcpcunSm
AXoInb
Sobe)
cneWm No^nwKobo P\o !^.
P\o DSXt ejm eXnbXo\n
AXoInb F u] do. attIS
ntS !\Panm AXoInb, Jc
Foe. ]cafoe\nm AXoInbt Y.
]nI]Xnw ecanbo do. ~1neo
\ow ~1nw, B%w uZon\nIn
IIw, ZniuaninZoIjo\ow uanN\w
Fp ec u\SobXnw In.
AXobcanb ot\neo dKW
AXoInbt\ e[o. (IcnanbWw In7w)
AXoXndo:-:- t H ubnnem
AXoXndo
(fdy]ew 45-nw A[ynbw 67-nw u^nIw)
AXoYo:-:- uin^t atn u]cm (fno
AXoYo
]ew A. 29, u^nIw 25)
AXo_d 11:-:- [pcnaw dKWw Ppe
XynKw tNn IncWnc\nb \o - Dc
cnanbWw
AXo_d 2:2:- m enKen \ob
]ngZnco Hcn (ainncXw fdy]ew
45-nw A[ynbw 44-nw u^nIw)
AXo_d 3:3:- \pXofnjo \onX\nb
AXo_d Ftn cnPn=nbo.
cnPyneInfw doufgw la an^w
tN. A\wK\nm AXo_dt ]oXnem
(fno]ew 59-nw A[ynbw 92-nw u^nIw)
AXo_n*:-:- Ify]m 5n[ F ncybo
AXo_n
P\o H Ke. BZo]ew 65-nw
A[ynbw 51-nw u^nIw)
AXopa:-:- H Alo - X] F Alo
AXopa
tS !^. (ainncXw e\]ew 220-nw
(H--S-w)
A[ynbw 11-nw u^nIw)
+xn 479 47
47
uNnZyw
\o;w
Dcw
KvXaw
uNnuZync
u]n%InUo am{Xw wanbo uNnZyta?Xo
KvXa Bg\nZw X]nt]o28 tN689 121 F eodnhodb%I.
tteZoIeynJyn\w
[p. aWoI6. Fw. ]o, te>

? foecnô Zo\om !cnWIY FXo\lw
uPynXobn5Incw Ftow 5uXyIX
un? !cnWIYm tteZoIeynJyn\w
Ftow Dun?
= n-c-X-J-7-o-td-n-w B-uLn-go-%- H-
eo-uf-g-Zo-e-h-an-Wm fo-e-cn-ô. F-n eo-uf-gZo-e-h--;w I-t-K--Xm uPyn-Xo-g-K-W-\-bndn-Wm. eo-j-te---an-w a-m uZ-f--;-tS B-Nn-c
5-uXy-I-X-I-jn-w _--t- Io-S-%--Xn-Wm
Zo-\-\o-W-bw. uI-c-j--c-bo C-Xm !w--an-ho-dn-Wm B-N-co-%--Xm. !w--tn-m 5-ho--anWm. ttf-en-cn-[-\ f-2-an-b-bo-S--jo B-Nn-c-jo tte-eo-[y-ua-cw. ttI-dn-hw -X I-\yn!-an-co e-tc fo-e-t\ B-cn-[o-%--e--m. B-cyn-eo-U-u-Z-n-c-t \n-e-S-- B-uLn-g-an-Wm
fo-e-cn-ô. fo-e-f-pw ue-Z--jo-do- F- ]-l-
-e Hnw \-ax fo-en-b N fo-e-X-cn-b N F- ue-Z
-a--n-dn-Wm fo-e-cn-ô-bn-uLn-g-t
n-eo-U-t -I-jo tI-o-e---Xm. fo-e-h--+
-2-=w, --=w ue-Z-o-ud-X-t-w C-e en-Zou-nw. tte-Zo-I eyn-Jyn-\w eo--X-an-b eo-g
-b-an-Wm. uZ-e-X-I-;-tS tte-Zo-I h--+w F-
r--o-td D-an-]-Xo-bn-b - F- A-[ynbw A-[y-b-\w tN--I. --o ]-l-b-t. fo-e
f-pw -f|-c-]-cyn-b-an-Wm. ''fo= IdynuW''
F [nHeo \om foefpw Dn!.
''_*duaXoZcmf\w'' F eN\5Incw fo=
[nH 5ISan!. h|bw awKj h|]ow
A\ym awKj5ZanIbn Cvf|ct
u]cnWm foe.
!-cn-W-I-Y--tS In-cyw ]-l-bn-tX-bo-co-%I-bn-Wm u-Zw. ttf-e-w tte--e-w fn-u2-bw -So I-Y-I-jo e--o-bo-co-%- an--
48
479 48 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
-m -2o--tS Aw-fw u]n--ao-. fo-e-w

eo--=w uZ-eo-w -f|-c-]-cyn-b-an-Wm F-
A-So-n-\ h-Xy-t a-l-m G-I-an-b -f|-ch--tb -n-bo ]-!-m X--;-tS n-Kw g-iKw a-i-Kw F- en-Zo- I-d-io-%--e-cn-bo
an-lo. !-cn-W-I-Y-I-;-tS tte-Zo-I-X-|--tj
A-u\|-go-%--cp-Xo-u]n-w C-m A-5n-ubn-Ko-Ian-Wm. e-j-tc -K-]-T-\-o--tS an-^-ua \--m
I-Y-I-;-tS tte-Zo-I X-|--tj a-\-o-dn-%en I-ko-. ~n-1-W-, Kn-Yn, \n-cn-fw-ho
!-cn-Ww F-p ]-Z- ]-cyn-b-]-Z--jn-Wm. I-a
-In-7-5-[n-\-an-b ue-Z-eyn-Jyn-\--jn-Wm AeC-m \o-d-eo \nw A-lo-- !-cn-W-I-Y-I-;-tS
u5-c-Wn-un-X-m an-^-an-Wm ue-Z-eyn-Jyn\-. A-e-m u\-co-m _-w -W-an-w \-w-anbo-co-%-. A-Xo--In-c-Ww h--Zn-b--jn-bo
e-j- ttf-e tte--e fn-u2-bn-cn-[-\-bn-Wm.
A-e-c-e--tS B-cn-[-\n-cp-Xo a-i-n-Wm F-m
n-]o-%--Xo-ud-%w a-e--Xm \p-N-an-Wm F-m
n-]o-%--Xo-ud-%-an-bo -2o-ip-\-=w A-hXy--W-=w A-^p-d-_--=-an-b I-Y-I ]-c--cw
\o-ao-m 5-N-co-o- tIn-u-bo--.
-tte-Zo-Ieyn-Jyn-\-o
D-an-]-Xo-bn-Wm
fo-e. D-a-bn-I-t eo-Zyn-h|--]o-Wo-w. -f|cp-b n-\-an-Wm ue-Z-eo-Zy-tb- tte-Zo-I-n-\t I-Yn--u]-W A-e-X-co-o--un h-c-h|-XpuZ-eo D-a-bn-bo an-lo. h-c-o fn--an-b H-?-ot A-e--tb 5-Zn-\w tN-- D-a Ko-co-bo-\ow P-\o- Ko-co-P-X-t. eo-Zy K-oco-K-a-\-n
an-^w hn-[y-an-b-Hw. ue-Z-an-!- h-e--]p-To I-b-lo-b-e I-b-c-en h|p-I-co- e-ko-bnI-t h-c-h|-Xp \-Zo--tS Hn-cw ]-o-- -I-an-b
[yn-\-bn-^-bn-Wm. B e-ko-bo-td eo-{--tj
an-o-\o-u--e-\n-Wm eo-u{-f|-c-\n-b K-W
-]-Xo. K-W--jn-bo ]o-co-o---Xn-I-t \n-f-aon- A--c--;w. B A--ucn-]n-h-\-bo--tS
\nw 5n-]o-%--uXn ~n-1-Wy-t X-t.

uZ-e-n--tS uh-\n-]-Xo-bn-Wm B -~-1-Wy.
i-co-w [p-w B-%w d-o-%--Xm A--ucn]n-h-\-bo--Sn-Wm. A-Xm Ko--co-K-a-\w X-t. ttIdn-h-en-h-\n-b fo-e-t\ uX-So---bn-^. ]-e-Xcn-P-!-ô-bn-Wm ]n-e-Xo. I-Yn-]n-^--tj
A--o--n-o-tb--%- I-Y-I-jn-Wm fo-e-!-cnW-I-Y-I-tj-nw X-t. fo-e-cn-ô--tS an-in-Zy=w I-Yn-]n-^--tj tIn-m \o-ao--Xn-Wm.
uZ-e-n ]n-dn-ko I-S-m A--Xm u\-So-b-un
A-Xo \o-w D-b- In-j--S-eo-gw ud-nI-c-n-bo h|-bw G-e-en-o-tb-w fo-e A-Xm !-So-un fo-e-]-Uo-bn-b ]n-e-Xo B eo-g-t
fo-e-t f-cp-c-o eyn-]o-n-tX I-6-o
tR-oo-So-m fo-e-t\ \p-d-I-6-t\-m 5-f-\n-o-tb-w a-e-an-Wm I-Y. fo-e-cn-ô Zo-\-o
fo-e In-j--S-eo-gw !-So-m udn-I-t hw-c-o-Xo-t B-uLn-g-an-Wm fo-e-cn-ô-tb--Yw.
Kv-X-a I-Y-bo-In-- tte-Zo-I-X-|w
a-tn-n-Wm. a--gy A-n-\o-bn-Wm. A-n\o-bn-b a--gy I-n-j-S-eo-g--tj-un- A-u\-Iw I-Y-I D-n-o-tb--%-. C-Xm
-?-e h|p-I-co-m ue-Z-eo-Zyn-uZ-eo-tb hw-c-o-m
udn-I-I-dyn-W-t
!-\x-n-]o-%--e-\n-Wm
fo-e. ue-Z-an-!- A--Xo-t\ -go-X-an-%-
A-u\-Iw eo-g- -ao-bo a--gy-e-obo--n-bo-e-w. A-Xo-t 5-Nn-c-t ue-Z-eoZyn-h|--]o-Wo-bn-b h-c-h|-Xp-uZ-eo \-fo-o-I-j-b-u F- 5n-Yo-%-en-- A-e-h-c-an-Wm
fo-e-cn-ô. A-Y-en A--t\-bn-I-t fo-e-cn-ô.
I-Y--tS hn-MmK-Xyw B--\o-I n-c-X-ot N-co-^-t Xo-o-%-lo- a-i-go Z-bn-\-t Pp-eo-X-o 5-h-2-an-Wm. E-go u_n-u[ne-ew F- 5-ho--an-bo an-lo-b H--e-ew C-m
u[-~-cn-b H- eo-n-Kw ue-Z-eo-K-I B-N-co-%-m. F-m e-b-- -d-f- F- u]-- H-
!-o fo-e-cn-ô Zo-\-o Y-P-ln-o-td uan-eo
rn-a-o-td H- u-^-o fo-e-cn-ô-@-Xw
A--~o--tIn-o---un H- ]-w F-do-I
In-o-b eo-#-Xo-I-jo \o-n-Wm a-i-go Z-bn-\-t D-Zm-ew. A-Hw n-eo-bo fo-e-cn-ô a-io-a-bnbo ]n-So-\-S-%w \nw. I-Y-b-a-a I-Y-b-a-a I-Y-I-j
-Xo-hn-Z-cw F-n-W-un...
? Nod 5n]oIeXIjo tteZoIanb InG
nw fnpbanb ItI;w Xo
edob Acw In. DZn: wyw+o 196
uInSo No|n\w egw FXm tteZoIanb

IndKW\, 1382 uInSo egw FHm fnp
banb It, H hahytb KvXa
Ft\bnm InHm.?
= A-Xm tIn--u A-Xm tte-Zo-I-ta-w fn-pb-ta-w c-n-bo--t-o-co- \o--Xm.
ue-Z-eo-Zy-bn P-\o-%--Xo-t\-bn-Wm tte-ZoI-ta-m ]-l---Xm. fn-n--hn-co-bn-b-Xo-t\
fn-p-b-ta-w ]-l--. an-J-]o-J-_-w ue-Zeo-Zy-bn \o-e-No-%- cp-Xo-bo-d- fn-p-b
-an-bo Uo.-F.-F. u\n-o \o-e-No-%--Xm.
eo-Zy--tS h-a-r-Z-f-\-an-Wm tte-Zo-I-X. A-Xo
n-X-=w A-n-X-=w A-u-b-=w t]-w.
A-Xo-\n A--W-X-I-uj-&-So D-tn-=-
]-T-\-an-Wm tte-Zo-I-eo-n-\w. a-lo-m eo-Zy--tS
Aw-K--;-tS eo-uf-g-]-T-\-an-Wm fn-w. A-Xo
n-X-an-b-uX eo-uf-g eyn-Jy-n-\-n 5-I-San-. A-Xo-\-Yw A-Xm -W-a- F--X-tbn-Wm. A-u\|-g-Ww A-Xo-t Pp-e-\n-Wm. A-Xm
A-e-hn-\o-n B fn-w uI-e-dw hn-[y-Xnho-n--an-bo an-cw. a-lo-m ue-Z-eo-n-\w hn[y-Xn-ho-n--=-a-
ho-o-X-hn-[y-X--a-.
h-\n-X-\-an-b h-Xyw X-t-bn-Wm. A-Xo-\m In-duZ-f-u-Z-ao-. ue-Zw 196 uIn-So e-g-t K-Wo-m
I-t-K--X-, A-\n-Zo-w A-\--=-an-b eo-Zy-tS 5-ubn-K-n uPyn-Xo-bn-- I-to-b-Xn-Wm. A-Xo-m ]v--ug-b-n-\-o-t
]-co-ao-Xo--m. tte-Zo-I-eo-Zy-bo A-H-n-eo-.
C-eo-tS -wo-w 5-j-b-=w A-\n-Zo-In-dw -X
D-m F-w A-Xm A\--In-d-o-ud-m 5-bnWw tN---Xn-tW---j-j-Xn-Wm tte-Zo-I-eon-\w. A-Xo n-c-Xp-b uPyn-Xo-K-Wo-X-fn---tS I-t--dn-Wm 196 uIn-So e-gw
F---Xm. A-Xm ue-Z--wo-hw-e-e-cta-n-Wm
5-ho-w. -wo A-Xo-w -u B-cw-o-o-co%- F-w ]-l---m. a-m F-n tte-uZ-fo-I
A-\n-g r---;w B-ln-bo-c-o Xn-tk eg-an-Wm -wo-% K-Wo-%--Xm F--Hw C-eo-tS
-c-Wp-b-an-Wm. a-tn--In-cyw [-o-u--Xm,
B--\o-I-fn-w \o-W-bo- \-o-bo-- In-d-bj-e- 1382 A-Xm C-\o-w --en-w !-l--enw hn-[y-X---Xm an-^-an-Wm. n-c-Xp-b-fn--jo _v- ttP-\ In-d-m H-u-tl A-_--
I-S---So-bo--m.
? [a=w A[a=w eoueNolobn Ikobn
Nod h PpeoXoS\pjw Dn
+xn 479 49
49
bnuWn?
= BoNncw Fn DZn=w DX=anb
BNnc FnWm AYw. bYo
AYcmeo BoNncw Dm. eo-N-c-Wn-Xm
B-o-N-c-Ww F-n-Wm tte-Zo-I]-w. B-oPn-Xyw F- -]-Zw u]n-td D--X-!-dn-N-c-Ww
F--Yw tte-Zo-Ihw--X-o BoNnc
o\m 5--2-an-Wm. F-n X-n-N-c-W]--Xo--tS 5-Nn-c-o- uf-gw B-o-Nn-cw
eo-uf-g-cp-Xo-bo-- B-N-c-W-o \o-w
eo-g-do--an-b B-N-c-W-an-bo A-[x-]-Xo-.
hw-c--W 5-[n-\-an-b A-Y-cme-ue-Z-o-td ]-d
-a---;-an-Wm Xn-o-I A-e--tS !-I-a-
-m 5-ubn-Ko--Xm. H-w ue-Z-^-bp F- ue-Z
-eo-Zy-tb --ue-Z-an-bo --o-b ]v-ucn-io-Xy
X--=w A-Y-cme-ue-Z-ot 5-Nnc-o-m eo-d
-n-bo-eo-. _v- ttP-\ hw-n-c-o-t
e-j-n-In-d-m B--ue-Z-o-t A-[x-]-X-\w
hw--eo--Xo--tS-bn-Wm A-Y-cme-o-w K-Xo-n-b-Xm. D-]-\o-g-K-I-jo an-9-Iy-=w -7
-I-=w 5-T-=w A-Y-cme-ue-Zp-b-an-Wm. A-e-bn-I-t
^-bp-eo-Zy-n Aw-Kp-I-co-%--H-an-Wm. B
D-]-\o-g-K--jo-tdn-w In-Wn- B-o-Nn-c
-uZn-gw A-Y-cme-o B-ucn-]o-%--Xo-
]o-o a-m No-d N-co-În-c-W--jn---Xm.
B--ue-Zw, n-]-Xy-ue-Zw, uPyn-Xo-bn-w,
?-n--ue-Zw, c-h-X-w, Pp-e-fn-w F-o-t\ A-u\-Iw eo-g-b- hw-c--W-5-[n
-\-an-Ibn A-Y-cme-ue-Z-o \o-w B-bo
-- D--o-co--Xm. n-c-X-o-t A-[x-]-X-\
-In-d-m eo-g-b--tj ttI-In-cyw tN-o--e--tS Pn-Xo-\o-W-bw J--!-d-o-ud-m
F-o-t-. b-un-]-ep-X-=w Y--!-dn-[y-b\-=w eo-Z|n-n-m \o-ug-[o--t-. B-oPn-Xy-=w B-o-Nn-c-=w C-e-m A-\y-an-bo.
[\w eybw tNen A[oIncw ttê
WoIco an^w HHobuXnSo AYcme
ueZot \od X ]coXn]Icanbo.
Y!d Fnw A5Xyanbo. ueZhwc
Wo\nbo [paZm fcnNncy h|naoI
n]o \ndm aTjo _Zco ueZ^bp
enZot \tbnSo%XnWm [p. fct\
n edob ueZ]7oXntS CSbo
BoNncw
]new KvXa CXoX F ]len.
[p. eoBNnco, !nSm
KvXat Y]w Zbn\\odnbXo\n
? tteZoInYo Fnm BoNncw?AYe AYcmeueZw NHcmueZot+Hw uSn^n
ueZo BoNncw Dt ]lHm fco oNnccioX=anWm.
479 50 +xn
encm Ct\ Aehcjo \oto

bX|w ]ndo%Hm fcobnuWn? DZn:- Fdo
tb ]oSo% hw; Fdotb con
5#Xyn anwhnb tS Ww \oug[o
dn=w. m \on FdotS Ppeon
h|nXyw \wtdn=w CeotS
H hn[I [an[aeoueN\w tNutX
t\bnm?
= tta-^p I--Wn -Zo-uXn-u]-n-Wnw -J
x-J !-Wyn-!-Wy-eo-g-bn-Wnw n-e-\n-XmLo-5-hn-Z-\-am. ]-X--do--tS en-%-I-jn-Wo-e.
a--gy-t a-\-m G--=-a-[o-Iw ]-T-\-eo-u[-ban-o-b a-in a-i-go ]-X--do-bn-Wm. a-gy -J--2-ucn- tta-ô-w x-Jo-X-ucn-Sm
Z-b-w !-Wyn-Z--ujn-Sm i-g-=w ]n-]o-Iujn-Sm D-u]--(tta-ô-w uZ|-g-=-ao-n-)-w
!-d--Ww. C--t\ t]--an-lo-bn a--gya-\-m 5-h--an-!w. 5-h--an-bn G-In-r-X
d-o-%w. -J--2-ucn-Sm tta-ô !-d-n
]-l-o-co-%-. No-d-m A-\y--tS -J-hvI-cy-=w h--Kw In--un uZ|-g--n-!w.
C-Xm No--5-h--X \-fo-o-%w. A-5-h--Now N--d-an-!w. A-Xo-\n -J-h---cn-b
Pp-eo-I-tj In--un No--5-h--X--nI-Ww. a-in-Zn--tj In--un No-d-m
-gy--n-!w. C-Xo-\o- c--t]-Sn-w
i-gn--n-ew \--Xn-Wm. x-Jo-X-tc I-n
A-e-tc -Jo-I-jn-%--Xo-\m 5-b-Uo--Ww.
]-ucn-]-In-cw tN-n a-\-o -gy-w
te-c-w D-Zn-hp-\-X-w D-n-=-I-bo-. ]n-]oI-ujn- tta-ô-w uZ|-g-=w In---Xm in-\oI-c-an-Wm. A-Xo-\n A-e-ucn-Sm D-u]--bn-Wm
\-m. D-Zn-i-c-W-o-td --w F-do-w I-a
-^-d-n ]n-]-t A---eo-u- \p-N-ubn\o-bo-dn-Wm Pp-eo-%--Xm. A-Xo a--gy-cn-b
\--m A-e--tS I-a--jo C-S-t]-Sn A-eIn-f-ao-. -f|-cp-b \o-b-aw A--h-co-m -
F-do-ub ]o-So-%-I-ubn ]o-So-Io-n-tX D-u]-o%-I-ubn tN--t. hn-[-I-cn-b \nw D-u]-nn-e-o \o-d-tIn-=-I. B I-a-^-d-Zn-Xn-eot A-ko-eo-n- \o-b-a--jo [-n--en-bo
[--ubn-tS hn-[-\ -H-S--I.
50
- uaSw Bg\nZw
ainncXw Alobn
Alobnww
Alobon w ueoan^w
Alobonw
ueoan
[p.p. tI. A
A%,
, InhuKnUm
ainncXw H NcoÎYbnm. huinZc
ncnb ]n7euSw IvceuSw Idi
ot IYbnm. AHm hXy=w AhXy=w
Xo AYen [a=w A[a=w Xo
hwLgot IYbnm. ainncX
oufgw
an\e[aw
dyano
tnm [an[atj ueXoco InWo%
Xow agytS BcoI hwLgtj
AIo IuanJcno AecetS [aw
A~on
5ncn%Xoueo
XuX|n]uZf 5[n\anb ranm KeZm
KpX. ey2o]canb [an[atj eIXo
coIey\o~cno PpeoXnubn[\o
eoPbw
eco%anlm
Aetc
hcn%
Xom F?Xt H aiZm ranm AHm.
ainncXw AXo\m H \oaow anânm.
A[naoIanb B?aWw tNcn AeXco
% w H ca. AXm Ieyanm.
[an~n\anm. AHtInnm ôb
[aw 5Pn]co]nd\=w =antWm KeZm
KpXbouSw Au\Iw ncXIYnhjo
uSw eynh D]uZfooco%Hm. udnI
ot BucnKyIcanb \od\o+ow !wo
Icanb AXoPpe\ow fnow han[n\
=anm ioXIcanboHm. CXot AYw
w ePyantW. tNlob DZnicWw
]lbnw. k Ibntc eynuP\ e
]njnw Xp@enZoI;w So ncXot
AXoo 5uZf IpkSo uc
F eoNnco%I. Aetc tNcn AtXn
aincan!atn F eoNncom \nw
hiPanb Bdhyoudm B1u]n!
F eoNnco%I. kIbw ]opSm tth
\oIuanbo CeotS H c=w hweo
%IbotnuWn enZw. A[naoIanb B?a
Wt tNcn ueo w I
eyanm. hXy=w AhXy=w Xo AYen
[a=w A[a=w Xo anm. AXn
m KeZmKpXbotSw Au\Iw ncXIYn

hjotSw eynh D]uZfooco%
Hm. ainncXw H Nco^ hweanm.
n\cw [p~oc, ([a!^) ]cp
om, P\uaPb HSo 30 XdlI
Bcynew coo Fm Nco^w ucJ
tobo1m. CetS Indufgw #Q|pcnPm
Nvin, bf]ndcnPnem etc 124 XdlI
Bcynew coo FHw Nco^hXy
anm. Khm\o, uLnlo, apInhow Fp
eouZfobtS B?aW IncWnb c
^d;tS Nco^=w enboloecnm \
jo ]dw. Heo ]lbt, KeZmKpX
om leojo H rantWm [co%
Hm eynheoe Xt eoanm.
'Xo
Xootb
otb?uX
uX Xo
XouenWh
uenWh+
'
[p.p. antnm cnP, uInbw
[p. ]o. tI. Pb F?Xob 'Xootb?uX
XouenWh+' enbo eneo
Huc Am cm Aanconb ajnb
uZenw Acnw Xo A[oInc
eSwedotSw IoSaecotw _dobn
Snbo ain_do. eynhainncXw eogy
]eo eoeco% IYbo \om Ct
A[oIncuaniotw
h|nYXtSw
^danbo he5Xntt]f|cy;w ttIeom
InIbuloe H \onKyent No^
anm _dobo \% InWn IkoI. Xo
otb?uXH XouenW h+a, ain_do
h+antWu udJI ]l eHm?
iocWyIfo!eot\ \chowio e[o
ufgw, Acn 5imjnZ!^\nb _dotb
N?eobno. iocWyI ISoeo
h|K=w ae udnI;w ]oSotm eo
C \Iw tN.
ain_do N?eobnbuXntS ]oXn
ai\o \o uZen Xotb udnI
tjnw XocotIoSo%en ainf2cnb
Acn _dotb \o{o u5coo. _do
eo AcSubnSo uZenanbo Ge
o. ITo\anb X]b2ow InboI_d=w
]cn?a=w hXy[a\o~ CHdy\nb
_dotb uXn+on ba, Alo, eW,
!u_c Foen%w Ikoo. Ct
en[wu]nw _dobo \odanbo. ]cn
+xn 479 51
51
Pbtm h|Ko \o \olnhoX\nb

C ~1neot D]uZf 5Incw eoeot\
fcWw 5n]o. eo Ify]!^\nbo ena\
]o AeXcom _dotb IpkmtKen
\oLbo.
udnI=w ASoenW ain_dotS
cWIndw Ct cWtn eW
Indanbo. f|cyuZeXbnb [pKeXo
u\co 5Xyanbo _dobo 5uefom
A[oeho. Cndm Zo%Itjnw AX
abanbo. [aIa Wanbo. BZoXy
Nn Do uXPuntS Ab\o
ufno. udnIw 5#Xobo Dl\o. 5imjn
Z, fw_c, ab, AimjnZ Foe \n
Zo%I;w hwco. !Wyw eo e.
hon%m X]om H wK=w eo.
[aw \n Indo fcobnw Wanw \o.
_dotS hnacnPnntcnw 5Pnua
X+ccnbo cWw \So. udnItaw f|
cy=w DW=w uXPw eo e.
Ct\ u]nbn Xt n\w Fu
anbo \wtHXttb bt C
eoeot\ fcWw 5n]o hSw ]l.
Andm KwKn-b\nhwKananb ~1
uô (5bnK) ain_do Af|ua[bnKw
A~o%Ibnbo. ena\ uZeYenb
giXoubw o bdK tN.
D|duXPh|obnb ena\t\ Im 'C
t\tbn _ndt\%lom uI%Iubn
InIubn tNooun Fw, Am
Bcnm, BtS !^\nm' Fw _do eo\b
ew uNnZotow ena\ eoeanb
av\w Zpo. ainbnKot hanobo
u[~~n1W%m
ApwZn\w
tN
hanbo AXm. CwtXw uNnZo
tIn=en _do ena\u\n ]l.
X\o% eni\ujn, h|Wuan cUujn,
cnPyuan, pItjubn Hw uen, Xt
Yeom uinanlo en So dw an^w
aXotbw ena\ ac]So \o. _ndt
uXPw ]ne;w, ainN?eoubnSm
Dbo Befyot \oncXw Im
AcYenb I?w, _dotS ]oXnem
5imjnZw hwfbw _dt. Ae _dotb
eodo. _nd eo I]Suegw tIo
NXon eXnm Fm Ae ]l.
52
479 52 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
Ce Xtbnm ]m howi]o em
Xt At\ e[otXm 5imjnZ ]l.
Fn, uIedw AccnPnenb XunSm 5]
\nYw hIdn[banb aineoXt
Zn\w bnNo%to AXo]co u[~anb
!Wyw Fnm Fw ]lm hXyw a\
odnobow ]oocobntX _do So dw
tInn Xnlnbo. Zn\ot NSnbo
!unZIw ena\t ttIIjoud%m _do
epMob DSt\ ena\ ]w AXopgWanbo
ejm 5]w \ol \o. aow h|K=w
Aj. FXoK ]n AcStb ]nZ
XnU\w tIn1m ena\ tInIj.
n\~\nb _dotb Nod If\
\o_\IujntS ena\ ]nXnjoud%
bn^bno. Ct\w uZentcw an\o
Wtaw, ]nXnjo Xdo \om
c1 eojonSlu% u]nIn ]nSot
anbo \o_\I, ]nXnjo X\o%m
Bincow ekotbt uNnZo _do
ubnSm ena\\ ]l: "ueZcnb u[n
ôbncontX eo[otXo \SK [nw,
fneoanbo tN bnK, uinaw,
[bontX \oubntS tN Zn\w, I
an ieom CtXnt \o\% Wan!w."
_dotb _ao^nZoIujntSnw ]l
bufgw \nZo%I;w C, ba, eW,
!u_c Foe%w IpkmnKw \nKcnPneow
uanKw Nw epXw e \o.
]nXnjotdob ain_dotb G?
^W; Iw_j, Af|X HSob
uLnc\nK oecotIo. \nK_\
n epo xJoX\nbo Iko _do
ubnSm AI uXnob \ncZaigo uan
anKw ]ltInK. 'uaneowfIw' tNno
Kent\ Xo%en \ncZ D]uZfom
un^w ]ltInK. Xp@xJn a\w
\plo eoeot\ 5nYo% _dotS ufnN\p
bne Im a\do KU, fwJw,
N?w, KZ, fnMmKw Foe Auit
uanNoo%en eoeou\nSm Au]o.
DSt\ Ken _dotb 2\n%I F
I+\ \o KUt\ AeouSm Ab. \nK
ttecobnb KUt\ I]ntS _dotb
oeco h 5nWw tIn1m ]n
u]nbo. eo I+oHu]ntd Xdo
Xt _ao^nZoIujnSo ehoWtaw,
CeoSweom c1 eojonSlu% u]nbn
\ot focm lnbot]noIu]n!
taw KU Albo. At\ _do ]nXn
jo epXSdotdu]ntd Xjt!
A[oIncot JunK ttIeo
u]n!Xo Fun?w Ah|\n!Iw
AH XocotIoSon GH !eoXanK=w
h|pIco%Iw tN Ct Cwo
ekobnm eo Iaw tNHm.
_do [ao~w \eantWow Aui
ot Ipko AimjnZ, fw_c, ?,
ibrpe, HSob aincn udnI
]pUIcnbo f2o 5n]oo. AH XSbn
\S]Sotb \odbo _dotb 'HH%I'
F Xw \oluet F IXnw.Fn
B wntc AatNXo]Icw \
e\nb _dotb BoubnSo%Iw, uZen%m
B%w uen DowHdyanb Ww
h|pIcom ep XSdo Ikobn eo[o%I
w tN \S]SotS hnwKXyw A^Xn
cya. AcntS u5cWbo uZentc
uXn+ounSon !lt _do Aincobn
bo F ueWtao !nw. A
t\tbo C Aincow puanio
anbo FXom F^tb^ IYI;1m!
heWhiot A[oIncnot
c2hnobnm ain_do. ]oJh|nb
h|Kom
Ct\Hu]ntd
_dow
HdyneInfobu? Ct\n wKobnbo
f|cyhanbo udnIw coo _dotb
\olnh\w tNu Befyw Fnbo?
Ccw uNnZy 5h2anm.
Xu]n[\w,
ainf2\nbubnn=w,
KwpcuXPh|ow, f|cyuZeXtS Ccoo
S=anb ain_doN?eotb ISnapf
ncw !Seblw ]\ubnd%S Sobe
anbo No^pIcoXm adbnjotS ?otI
]c\on
au\nneot
5IS\anub
IXn Iko. AXto I eoecuSm!
PXyn[o\ouefot _doKjnb neo
UtS 5XpIanuWn Ac\nb _dotS
IYtbw hwfbonw. Fnbnw ain\nb
B N?eo%m uIcjpb \ob ]ucnjnm
XouenWw!
BfwhI
[p.p. aWoI
aWoI6.
. Fw. ]o, te
te>
Bg\nZw eoi eoufgn ]Xom Ioo.
Aloeot eoehanb H hZy Ho
bXo Bg\nZot Fn 5e
I%w ,ZbFw \ow AuXntSnw Bcn
ucnKyhvJyw Fw tSnet F
5nY\w...
ueZ=w ueZ5nanWyr;w adbnjo%m
5uXyIom AeWco]om A5n]yan
bo IndKm (h|nXyn\cw) f|c
enWotb ucn adbnjobow Fo%I
F KpcY5bUw h|bw Gtm h|w
Bw BucnKy=w hKw ueZ5NncW
oueo an^w hao B ainZnem
(\ucg) tIn;ote n\
Zp]om ]Icw ten Cm adbnjotd
H tteZoI-AynZoI anhoIw C
FXm ]Iu]ntd hXyanm. AtteZoI
hon;anbo odontX ueZo
td eo[otb eo[obnw \oug[t \oug
[anw Zf\anbo, e\o~anbo, 2oanbo
5Xo]nZo% GI tteZoI anhoI Bg\n
Zanm. Xao. tteZoIan ]nccy
]vcnWoInNnc%m ueZeynJyn\w \I
FXo \om Bg\nZw eo \oH
tIn1m Bg\nZom anm .
'tXo\obotd ]!o'tS ncXot
hXyanb Nco^w tejotKIw Ct
ceboudm hwncw A[x]Xo
n IncW=w a\hodn%un h\nX\
[aot AbnboItjm h|bw 5Jyn]oX
io CtXnw AlobntX u]n!
un F xJannbXm...
ueZenWotb adbnjom Bg\nZw
F u]co hao BNncy Aeo
IwXw Xo2ne;w Ct ueZ5Nn
cI%n=w F uXno. IncWw 5nY
aoIanb eooSw ejw tew B ain
ne tN Ikooco%. Cun Btc
ow tteZoInNcWoudm IS e
to 5Xyanubn ]ucnanubn \uc
gWot 5bUw AXo ]oot
Incyw ejtc ey2anb Hnm.
h|Kpb\ucg Hcnbocw Pw
tNnHm tN teon u]nbXm. B
aiX| Wanb Pt InWntX u]nI
Xm. ucn ueZnbnbow...
+xn 479 53
53
ngoXhnKcw
ngoXhnKcw
h-n-Z-I: i-co-#--n-c-Xo-o
D-]-In-ucn-]o \p-Nn-\nw-A-]-In-cn-b e-cm-uX-]-bx ]n-\w --Pw-K-hy-uI-e-dw eo-g-e-cm-\w-A-Yw:w:- \p-N-n-%m D-]-In-cw tN---Xm D-]-e-an-ub I-dn-fo-&. ]n-o-m ]n--tIn--n
eo-gw !-l--I-b- e-o-%-I-ub D-> F-m
A-lo--I.-Xn-+-cyw:yw:- \p-N F-m eo-uf-go-o--t--
a--gy--]o G-tX-o-w 5-uXy-I Pn-Xo, a-X,
e-K, e-W, ue-g uZ-f--tj D-u-fo---X-.
!--dn--No-X I-cma-I-cmn \p-N !-d-o-m (a--gy!-d-o-m) A--No-X-an-b I-a- tN---e-\u^-\p-N. I-aw tN---Hm a-\--tIn-n-m
F-m B--e-N-\w. A-Xn-b-Hm H--e-t 5-?-o
A-e-t hw-n-c-o-t 5-Xo-^-d-\-an-m. A-lo=-tIn-1-n-uI--Xn-m hw-n-cw. A-un
A-lo-eo-n--bn-m \p-N-I-a-o-n-[n-cw. I-a^-dw F--Hm v-Xo-I hn-i-N-cy ([-\w) an-bo
I--H--e-%m \p-Nn-e- F-t-m a-\-o-dn-!I-bo-. F-n 5?-o-I-%w F-\o-t-m Io-w
F-n-Wo-&---tS No-. A-]-I-S-o-t--e-tc
h-in-bo-%--Hw x-Jo-X-tc B-f|-ho-o-%--Hw
h--w-ucn-Sm h-i-I-co-%--Hw D--X-tc B-Z-co%--Hw tX-e-I -ao-%--Hw u[-~-n--tS
No--a-n-m. C-e-bo \o--+--an-!- I-a-^-d
hw-n-cw D-No-X I-a- tN--en-- u5-c-W
\-w.-C-eo-tS ]n-m F- P--eo-t\ \p-N-u\n-Sm
D-]-ao-o-co-%-. en--e-o B Pp-eo H--Io
eo-f-o--ue-o-ubn A-t-o B-Z-c-nY-uan B-m B-?-ao-%-I. F-n \p-N-\n-b
a--gy F-^-ubn A-[-a eo-Nn-c--%m D-S-abn-m. a-Z-an-e-cy e-o F-^-ubn eo-g-do--anm. h-ue-f|-c-t h-s-wo Pn-d--jo G--=w
u[-~-an-b f-cp-c a-\--I a--gy-u-Xn-m.
a-i-n-b ue-Z-n-\ h-n-Z-\-o \o-m
!-lw Xo-co- \o--un -ucn \o-ao-g--jn-bo
C--In-do -K-X|-o-ud-%m, A-[x-]-Xo-%-.
?-ua-W 'tIn--%- ttI-%m tIn-K-'e-\n-bo
an-c-. 'F-\o-%m an-^w' F- B-co-I-n-e-oud-%m --an-w hw--eo-%-. h-Xy-o a--gy-
54
479 54 +xn
- uaSw Bg\nZw
t\n-ko-tI-- H- Pp-eo-w 'h|-X|' (!-d-a-cyn-Z)

u_n-[w ttI-te-So--o-. A-e uI-e-dw D-Z-cw--coI-jn-tW- an-^w. a--gy Rn-t\- an-^-a-,
F-u-tX-m I--H--e-%-ue-o-w ubn-Ky-Xbo-n-tX 'I--X' \-S-K-en te--. C-Xn!- A--No-X I-aw - \p-N-X|w. ubn-Ky-X--e-t I--X [-\w, -f|-cyw - -f|-c-Z-w
B-m. ubn-Ky-X-bo-n-tX B-r-iw an-^---e.
B--co-I [-\-h-n-Z-\w \-S-K-. \p-N-an-b anK--jo--tS I-?-I-t\-un-td Np--jo--Hw
Pp-e-\o-n--Hw -o-%w. a-n[--[x I-hy h|o--\w
-I-?-I-\n-I--Xm- [-\w B--uS-Xn-m.-I-Yn--Xw-I-?-X-tb --a--e
-]-tn-co- H- e-b---n-bo--. A-bntn- e-b- I-?-X-w. e-b--w a-I-w -So
I-?-X-tb B-=--^ ]-Wo-tb--o-n-c-n-bo-. H- \n e-b- a-I-u\n- ]-l-. "\-tS I-?-X-m 5n-b-ua-tl-bn-bo. A-Xo-t\ eo---Xnbo-co-%w \--Xm !-Xo-b-tXn-o-t\ \--%m en-I-w tN-nw." a-I A- ]-l--Xm f-co e-.
I-?-X-tb eo-n-\n-bo A-e A-Xo-u\-w tIn-1m
N--bo-ud-%m !-l-t-. I-?-X-tb-w B-o-tjo-m A-e u]n-!--Hm e-ko-b-co-Io-td e-b-do
I- -- !-l--u] I-1. A-Xo-tdn-cn a-e-e-ucn-Sn-bo ]-l-. "u\n-%m C--t\-tbn- a-S-b-cw -m \o- I-o--un? I-?-X F-o--Xn-m? n-cw -a-n. A-e-n-t-o-w
A-Xo-t !-l-Km h-en-co tN---uS? I-?-X-tbun-td X-t c-1-u]-w \-S-%-." A-H-uI-m
a-e--e-tc-nw No-co-. e-b--w a-I-w A-e
]-l---Xo In-cy--t-m uXn-o. e-b-
a-I-u\n- ]-l-. "A-e ]-l---Xo f-co--1m.
I-?-X-tb eo---H-e-tc A-Xo-t\-tn-1m ]-Wotb--o-%--Xn-m e-o. \p A-Xo-t !-l-K
I-b-lo-un."
-a-I I-?-X--tS !-l-K I-b-lo e-b- \-S. !-ul-e-ko ]o-o--un !-ul ?--n ]n-bI t\---Xo- -]o--tS A-e-%m I-S- u]nuI-o e-. A-e-co-dn-ucn C--t\ ]-l---Hm
uI-: "I-o-u tN-c-n I-?-X--tS !-l-Km
h-en-co tN--. e-b- ue--ue-m \-S-%-I-w
tN--. C-Xn-m C-un-k-t-n-dw. -Xo-e-tc an-\o-n-tX a-cyn-Z-tI- In-dw." a-I ]-Xotb I-?-X--l-K-\o-w Xn-tk-bo-l-o. "A-
]l--Xo-\n-d-u Rn I-?-X--l-Km h-en-co
tN--Xm. te-c-tX \n-n-tc-tn-1m ]-l-bo-%--tXo-\n A- I-?-X--l-Km bn-^ tN-un-< Rn
\-S-u-nw." A- I-?-X--l-Kw a-I \-S-w
bn-^ H-S-. !-l---cw I-ko--un !-o-tb
H--o--o-b c-1m A--an A-e-t-Xo-tc
\-S--e-. A-e I-?-X--l-o-co-%- A--u\w \-S- e-- a-I-t\-w an-lo an-lo u\n-o.
"I-ww! ]n-ew !-o \-S- X-j--un A- I-?X--l-Km \n--en-ko-tb-un-td tR-jo-o--
u]n-!-! C-^ e-b-n-bo-w C-bn-t-n a-cynZ-tb-t-m Xo-co--lo-= e-o-o-u? a-I-t\-&-So
I-?-X--l-K I-b-o-bn C-bn-;-tS an-\w C-So-
u]n-=-uan?-Xn-\--t\-tbn- I--Xo-bo-t-o-w \ndn ]-l-- \n--\-S-m A--h-co-%--Xn-m.
f-co F-m eo-Nn-co-m e-b- a-I-u\n- ]-l-
"\p-w e- I-b-lm. I-?-X-m \--tj c-1-u]-ucw -a-n-- I--tn-t C-un-?--1m.
A--t\ e-b--w a-I-w I-?-X--l-n-bo h-enco. A-e ]--W-o-td 5-[n-\ \o-c-o-ud-%
I-b-lo A-un N--bo \o- en-o-b H-
tIn- tt]-o-Sn-eo-u\-w uXn-jo-ud-o H- rnap-W F-Xo-tc e-. I-?-X--l-K e-- A-u\-w a-I-u\-w I-1m A-bn \o-. A-bn
A-e-ucn- uNn-Zo-. " I-?-X \o--;-tS-b-t-m
uXn---un?" C-H R--;-tS I-?-X-bn-m eo-n\n-bo N-- tIn-1 u]n-!-I-bn" "Rn I--Xo
C-Hm \o--;-tS X-n-t I-?-X-bn-tW-m. B-tc-
o-w h|-w I-?-X-tb C-^-w ue-Z-\o-o-%-uan

]n-ew H-]n--e-b-n-bo A-Xo-m. F-o-w Xn-n
-n-cw -a-o-%-. Rn-\n-tW-o Zn C-H-u]n-td
I-?-X-tb -a--tIn-1 u]n-ub-t\." X-t uXn-joud-o-b tt]-o-Sn-eo-t\ -o A--t\ ]-l-tIn-1m A-bn X-t ]n-o- u]n-bo.tt]-%-o-tb -a-%--H-u]n-td H- e-b
- I-?-X-tb uXn-jo-ud-e-I F-;--a-. H-cn -an a-n-% -a---uS F-un C--e-%w
-a---uS F-un B-tc-o-w uNn-Zo-u-nw.
A--w a-I-w A-Xo-t\n--]n-bw I-t-o.
A-e I-?-X--tS \n- In--I-;w -o-t-o. e-kob-co-Io Io-S- e-do-tbn- -j--o-tb--Km I-?X--tS In--I-o-S-bo--tS C-m -j--o--tS
-ucn A--=w C--e-w uXn-jo-ud-o bn-^-bn-bo.
I-?-X -j--o-bo X-d-Ip-kn-bo I-o-bn-So."C-\o-w B-;-I F--!--an-m I-t-n\n-=-I F- u\n-nw. C-un \- I-?-X--lKm h-en-co tN--o-. I-?-X-tb-tn-1m ]-Wotb--o-%--ao-."
C--t\ ]-l--tIn-1m A-e N--bo-tdo. c-1-u] X-o Nn-en-do--?-X-ub-w
I-o e-- In-G-I-1m A-eo-tS -So-bo---e-tcnw No-co-. "N- I-?-X-tb N--bo en-n
-lo-. B-w N- I-?-X-tb eo-n N--bo-ud-%m
tIn-1-e-cn-c-ao-. C-e-t-n n--un B-;I-;-tS A-o-5n-bw uI-m A--w a-I-w
A-o- \o-."
-(H- In-cy-o \n--In-%m ]-d-]-d ]- D-n-!w A-H-uI- an-^w \-S-n -\-Xobn-bo-co-%w ^-dw)-I-w-
A-e CeotS F-n-d-=w e-ho-%-...

!--g udn-Iw eo--u]n-!-un A-e- en--eo c-Y-o e--,
A-e- ue-o en- uO-Z---Xn-bo-Xp--, A-e- u]n-In-\n-bo C-Sw tIn--%-,
A-Xo--tS A-e ua-u+n- D-b-m -cy-\o e--, A-un -cy uO-Z---Xnp--,
-cy !-n--k-do-td-H-u]n-td uO-Z--n-o tIn--%-.
A-Xo--tS A-e ua-udn- D-b--. N--\o F-K-.
N- A-e-\n-bo-tn-1m --o--tS Z|n-cw u]n-td uO-Z--j-j-Xnp--.
A-Xo--tS A-e ua-u+n- D-b-m ufn-I-=w Pn-Uy-=w
C-n- udn-I-o-td-o Ceo-tS A-e F-n-d-=w e-ho-%-.
ngyw: h|.\ucg
(giZncWyuIn]\ogm 10.5)
+xn 479 55
55
u^n-n-I-]-co-N-bw
\nb uc
uc\nYm
\nYm
#--Xo-: -B-uZn-n-]-uZ-f-f-X-Iw-c-N-\-: -[p-\n-cn-b-W-Y-w - how-i-e-6

-?-w:(!-o-Xn-r-?--o-td B-Zy ]n-Z-o-w -nw ]n-Z-o-w
-ucn A--cw -o !-H-Xn-bo Y---wo--Xn-Wp ?-w)'AA-i-a-i'tata---;--tXn-t-bn-cnn
--Io-d-I-ua-]-d-X--uX-I-an-!w,-A-I--a-i--b-u\-I-an-I-bn-dpp-H-I-bo-d-iw-t]n--;w H--S-o---]-Zn-Yw:w:- A-i-a-iw = Rn Rn-t\--u_n-[w,
A-;
- I
- =]-l
- I
- , 5-Jyn-]o-%I
- , A-i
- = A-i
- Xo, -H-I-bo = C-H-u]n-td, A-iw t]n- =
A-e-\-e-\o !-So-tIn-=- ~-1w-hn-cnw-fw:w:- Rn, Rn F-un-ucn ey-2o-w
I--H--Hw ]-l---Hw, B-udn-No- u\n-obn B--co-I h--bo H- X-t-bn-m.
H-uc t]n--jo-t 5-Xo-_ow-_- X-t-bn-m
-ucn---co-w ey-Xy--n-e-o !-So-tIn-=-Hm. ey-2o-I-jo N-d-\n-Z-I-an-b A-iw-eo ey-Xy- n-e--jo \o---Xo-\n Rnt\--u_n-[-o--In-c-W--X-an-b ]-c-an-Zn-=w
]-d-Xn-tW- u_n-[w H-S- tIn-o-co-%-.-r--]-co-N-bw-:-:- -uI-c-j-o-t hn--iy-u_n-[o eo-8-en-Z-I-]-co-e--\w e--o-b a-inZn-en-bo-- [p-\n-cn-b-W-Y-. Pn-Xo-a-Z-n--X
--tS \p-cn-jo-o---o \o-m P-\--tj uanNo-o-%-en B-Zp-b 5-n--cw tNn-co-
Y--eo-t G--=w 5-ho--an-b In-ey-#-Xo-bn-m
B-uZn-]-uZ-f f-X-Iw. -c-u^n-I--j-S-o-b
5-u_n-[-\- 'X-|-a-ho' F- a-in-enIy-o-t eyn-Jyn-\-an-m. a-\-m, ]-u-ob-, f-cp-cw F- A-lo-eo-t ]-co-[o-bo-t-
h-a- udn-I--;w ]-c-an-Zn-eo-t eo-o---]-jn-bo [-co-%-I-w ]-c-an-Zn-eo \o-w o-an-bo H-o-w \o-d-\o-+o-t-w, A-iw e-o teSo-b-W-ta-w D-Zmu_n-[o-o-%-. A-e-\-e-\o
!-So-tIn-=- ]-c-an-Z ttN-X-\y-an-W-]-c-\o-w
F--Xo-\n, A-e-\-e-\n-ZJo-\n-N-co%
- I-a- A-]-c-w -So -J-o-\n-bo e-cW-ta-w D-]-uZ-fo-%-.-
56
"RnRn-t\- n-e-ao-aHuXnuXn-n- ue-W-ao-i-uXnuXn---Xn-Io-d-Jo-dw Rn-\o-tX- e-ko uXn-u-Wua,- -e-c-Z! \n-cn-b-Wn-b \-a",, F- i-co-\n-a-Ip-\-o 5-In-fo-o- X-|-=w H--X-t.-[p-\n-cn-b-W-Y- 1956 -K-hmm 20 m tN-k-o rn-a-o -Pn-X-\n-bo. X-ao-km, a-d-bn-jw
n-g-I-jo A-e-Kn-iw u\-So-b C-u-iw !-]o-o cn-a-]o- B-fn-\o \o-w hw--X-ng-bo ]n-7o-Xyw u\-So. 28-n-a-t e-b-o
[-i-n-[-aw te-So-m ttX-n-m A-n-te-
Y--eo \o-w ubn-K-eo-Zy-e-f-an-o. Ind-b-j-eo [p N--o-h|n-ao-I-tj -,-n-bo
d-o-. ]o-p-m a--X|n-a-d-bo ubn-K-N-cy-ubn-tS
!-ul-\n X-]---~o-. A-e--X-\n-bo h--co-
[p-\n-cn-b-W-Y- hn--io-I A-\n-Nn-c--%w
Pn-Xo-a-X-No--I-%-ta-Xo-cn-bo D-Zmu_n-[-\-
\-S-K-I-w B an-K-o A-\-e-[o fo-gy-KW--tj h-n-Zo-%-Iw tN-. ~n-1-W-%-an^w eo-[o- Xn-o-I-I-aw C-X-c-eo-n-K--%w
\-S-n-ta--l-t 5-Jyn-]o-. [p-N--o-h|nao-I-;w C-uX a-X-n-c-\n-bo--. A--eo--l-K
ttf-e-dow-K-5-Xo-~ \-S-o-tn--Xo- H-S-w
!-lo-. A-e-\-e-\o-- -f|-c ttN-X-\y-t
u\-co In---Xo-m uN--d-bo-td I-j-ewuIn-m I-Bn-So 5-Xo-~ \-S-o. a-in-I-eo !-an-c\n-fn-t\ fo-gy-\n-bo h|p-I-co-m h--Zn-b ]-cop-c-W-o- an-K-\o-u-fw \-o. Ac]uXnjw
Zn-f-\o-I #-Xo-I Y--eo-u-Xn-bo 5-In-fo-X-jn-bo--1m. "H- Pn-Xo, H- a-Xw, H- ttZ-ew
a--gy-t\"m eo-jw-_-cw tN- udn-I-Y- 1928
th-w-_ 20 m fo-e-Ko-co-bo h-an-[o-bn-bo.
Printed and published by N. Vedaprakash, Dayananda Bhavan, Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121 and
printed at Amrita Bharathi Press, Chengannur 689121, Kerala and published at Dayananda Bhavan,
Narendrabhooshan road, Chengannur 689 121 Kerala. ChiefChief-Editor
Editor : Kamala Narendrabhooshan.
-cy D-Zo-un C--ubn F-m rw

enbom ]-l- u_n-[o-o-u-
In-cy-ao-. 5-In-f-=w -w D-t-o
-cy--Zo-tlo tIn=. C-H-u]ntd H-e [-an-Zn-en-uWn F-
-Xo-\m, \n-aw P-]o-%--uXn uZ-en-d-bo u]n-!--uXn a-X-r--]n-cn-b
-Ww -S-n-tX \-S-K--uXn tX-jo
-e-. -e-]n-w Pp-eo-%--e-m x-J
n-ntX, hv-Jyn-%t-o
Arshanadam Malayalam Monthly A-bn [-an-Zn-en-Wm, hwf-b-ao-.
The only vedic-philosophical journal in malayalam \--tS ]-co-Xx-o-Xo--tS ]-co-e-
-\w [-an-Z--]o-bn-b -cy-t -So-t
Vol - 39 No - 9
2013 MAY 10
G--%-l-o-d--h-co-o-co-%-. \--m
h|-bw A-j-%-en I-ko-- A-j-=-uIn -P-w ]n-cn-b-W-=-a-; \n--]n-w \nw \-!-
hv-Jy-an-Wm \nw [-ao-~-ucn F--j-%-en--X-!--Xm. eojo-t 5-In-fw, A-Xo \o-ltb F-B Hko--H- tIn-m d-o-%-o-. \n--]n--- A--In-cw an-c--uen F--Xn-Wm
eo-j-o-t 5-In-f-o-t A-j-em. -cy F-B-w Xo-co--ao-n-tX I-K-. F-B-w Xoco---t-o-w tI--eo-j-o-\m 5-In-f-ao-. C-H-u]n-td -Pn--]n-cn-b-Wn-Zo-I tN-n-
]-d-w [-an-Zn--jn-Wm. A-e -cy-t\-un-td-bn-!-.
Regd. News Paper 20060/70 INDIA
Postal Registration No KL/TLA/3/2012-14
WPP No: KL/TLA/WPP/137/2012-14
Single Copy ` 20/Annual Subscription ` 240/POSTED AT THIRUVALLA RMS
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\ucgWot dyanb #XoI
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NHueZhwioX (anJao) ------------------- 2600.00

Zufn]\ogm ngn ngyw (Uo.ho.eOm) -- 1200.00
hXynY5Infw---------------------------------- 725.00
KpXncihyw (anJao) --------------------------500.00
Aubn[ybotd [pcna (Uo.ho.eOm) -------- 150.00
iouXn]uZfIYI (anJao) ----------------- 130.00
D]\b\w Fm? Fo\m? ----------------------- 120.00
ico\naIp\w (anJao) --------------------- 90.00
]cudnI=w !\P=w (Uo.ho.eOm)---------- 90.00
ubnuKf|c\nb [p# (Uo.ho.eOm) ------- 90.00
D]nh\---------------------------------------------- 60.00
NoUNo\w ------------------------------------ 50.00
aX=w 2ow ------------------------------------- 50.00
[a]nT ---------------------------------------- 40.00
BcyntS BZouZfw --------------------------- 35.00
ainXzbw -------------------------------------- 35.00
[in[aw F h|Kw ----------------------- 35.00
D]\ogmIYI (Uo.ho.eOm) ---------------- 30.00
Radical Variation ------------------------------------- 25.00
Bg\nZw 5hopIcW
1 Ambedkar Veda & Origin of Caste --------------- 270.00

Zbenbo [onw
B-g-\n-Ze-co-hw-Jy, r--eo-d, hw-n-e-\ C-e

u$-m _n-m Hn-^m n-e--lot GXm fnJbow
ASnw. ]-Ww AS-uf-gw eoecw Alobo%
em A-- 5-?-o- Zo-e-hw !--I-
h|-In-cy -X-]n-do--udn, X-]n-do--udn A-b---Xn-Wm.
(eco-hw-Jy a-Wo-ubn-U e-ko 12/-- -]-w,
_n-m e-ko 6/-- -]-w A-b--nw.-)
-_n-o \-uI- eo-e-c-
State Bank Of Trvancore, Chengannur
S.B. A/c - 57030732684
N. Vedaprakash, Saraswathi Vaidika Gurukulam
For internet transfer :

IFSE CODE - SBTR0000085 MICR CODE - 689009052
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eoc2o F Ppeo-X-\o-ug-[o \ow ao-ubn A-cnKw fpdo-o-% ueZ[-a-o-ud%
D]-\-b-\-anWm nc-X-ot 2o-an-Kw...eo--\n-cn-b-W-\--Xo-co
IkoInd ainbo hwfbw ue.

]t, ecn u]n!e X aicanboco%w...
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