HOMEWORK 1

Problem 1: a) What are the energies in electron volts (eV) of light at wavelengths 850, 1310, 1490, and 1550 nm? b) Consider a 1-ns pulse with a 100-nW amplitude at each of these wavelengths. How many photons are in such a pulse at each wavelength? Problem 2: A WDM optical transmission system is designed so that each channel has a spectral width of 0.8 nm. How many wavelength channels can be used in the C-band? Problem 3: What is the duration of a bit for each of the following three signals which have bit rates of 64 kb/s, 5 Mb/s, and 10 Gb/s? Problem 4: a) Convert the following absolute power levels to dBm values: 1 pW, 1 nW, 1 mW, 10 mW, and 50 mW b) Convert the following dBm values to power levels in units of mW: -13 dBm, -6 dBm, 6 dBm, and 17 dBm. Problem 5: A signal travels from point A to point B: a) If the signal power is 1 mW at point A and 0.125 mW at point B, what is the attenuation in dB? b) What is the signal power at point B if attenuation is 15 dB? Problem 6: A 50-km long optical fiber has a total attenuation of 24 dB. If 500 W of optical power get launched into the fiber, what is the output optical power level in dBm and W? Problem 7:

10 mW of optical power enters a fiber. Compute (in a table) and plot (using any programming language, C, Matlab, Scilab, Mathematica or even excel is OK) the output power (in mW) as a function of fiber loss for losses in the range from 0-50 dB. Use linear, log scale for the vertical axis. Problem 8: a) What are the frequencies of the optical wavelengths 800 nm, 1310 nm and 1550 nm? b) What is the frequency spacing between optical wavelengths 1510 nm and 1520 nm? Problem 9: In a binary communication system (as in the figure), a 0 or 1 is transmitted. Because of channel noise, a 0 can be received as 1 and vice versa. Let m0 and m1 denote the events of transmitting 0 and 1, respectively. Let r0 and r1 denote the events of receiving 0 and 1, respectively. Let P(m0) = 0.5, P(r1|m0) = p = 0.1, and P(r0|m1) = q = 0.2.

(1) Find P(r0) and P(r1) (2) If a 0 is received, what is the prob. that a 0 was sent? (3) If a 1 was received, what is the prob. that a 1 was sent? (4) Calculate the prob. of error Pe (5) Calculate the prob. that the transmitted signal is correctly read as the receiver