Jawab semua soalan.

1. An experiment was carried out to determine the freezing point of liqiud X. A boiling tube
contain molten X at 95 oC was allowed to cool in a conical flask to room temperature.The temperature of
X was recorded every 30 seconds intervals.
Figure 2 shows the reading of the thermometer for this experiment.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku cecair X. Satu tabung didih yang
mengandungi leburan X pada suhu 95 oC diletakkan kelalang kon dan dibiarkan menyejuk dalam keadan
suhu bilik. Suhu direkod setiap 30 saat.

FIGURE 2

(a)

Record the temperature at each time interval in the spaces provided in Figure 2.
Catatkan bacaan suhu bagi setiap sela masa dalam ruangan yang disediakan dalam rajah 2.
[ 3 marks ]

(b)

On the graph paper below, draw the graph of temperature against time for the cooling of
X.
Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa bagi penyejukan X
[ 3 marks ]

(c)

On the graph in (b), determine the freezing point of X.

Show on the graph how you determine this freezing point.
Pada graf di(b) tentukan takat beku X. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda tentukan
takat beku.
[ 3 marks ]

(d ) How does the graph in (b) show the freezing point of X ?

Pada graf di(b) bagaimanakah ia menunjukkan takat beku X.
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[ 3 marks ]
(e) The temperature of X did not change from the 90th second until the 150th second during
the cooling process. Expalain why.
Suhu X tidak berubah dari saat ke 90 hingga saat ke 150 semasa process penyejukan.
Terangkan mengapa.
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[ 3 marks ]
(f) Why was the boiling tube placed in the conical flask during the cooling process?
Mengapakah tabung didih diletakkan dalam kelalang kon semasa proses penyejukan?
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[ 3 marks ]

The following is information about substance X.

Maklumat berikut ialah tentang bahan X

Solid at room temperature

Pepejal pada suhu bilik
Melting point is 80 0C
Takat lebur ialah 80 0C
Highly flammable.
Mudah terbakar

2. In an experiment to determine the melting point of substance X, a boiling tube containing solid X is
heated using a water bath until its temperature is above its melting point.
Dalam satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat lebur bagi bahan X , tabung didih yang mengandungi
pepejal X dipanaskan menggunakan kukus air sehingga suhunya di atas takat lebur.
a)

Draw and label a diagram of apparatus that is used in the experiment.

Lukis dan labelkan gambar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu

[ 2 marks]
b)

What is meant by melting point?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan takat lebur?

[ 1 mark]

(c )

What is the purpose of using water bath in the experiment?

Apakah tujuan menggunakan kukus air dalam eksperimen itu.

[ 1 mark]

(d) Draw the arrangement of particles of substance X at 40 0C and 900C respectively.

Lukiskan susunan zarah bagi bahan X pada suhu 400C and 900C masing-masing.

40 0 C

90 0 C
[ 2 marks]

(e)

Sketch a graph of temperature against time during the heating. Mark on the graph to
indicate the melting point of substance X.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa semasa pemanasan. Tandakan pada graf untuk menunjukkan
takat lebur bahan X.

[ 3 marks]
(f)

Suggest the name of substance X.

Cadangkan nama bahan X.

[ 1 mark]