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hlL3 - SSHT II 201213
hlL3 - SSHT II 201213
hlL3 - SSHT II 201213
Dr Farlan Veraitch
UCL 2009/G017
Hot fluid Th T1
T2
Tc Cold fluid
fluid properties:
viscosity thermal conductivity specific heat capacity density
Hot fluid Th T1
T2
Tc Cold fluid
system geometry
Characteristic length eg. diameter
h = f (u or N, , k, , Cp, d)
Liquid films
Simplifies problem as the number of groups < the number of variables a = f (b, c)
Steady-state heat transfer II 3
where
h individual heat transfer coefficient kfluid thermal conductivity of hot/cold fluid d Pipe or tank diameter Liquid density u Liquid velocity dp Pipe diameter Liquid viscosity N Impeller rotational speed di Impeller diameter Cp Specific heat capacity
UCL 2009/G017
(W.m-2.K-1) (W.m-1.K-1)
(m)
(kg.m-3) (m.s-1) (m) (N.s.m-2) (s-1) (m) (J. kg-1.K-1)
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inertial forces : viscous forces Ref < .LAMINAR FLOW Ref > ....TURBULENT FLOW
Impeller Reynolds no. inertial forces : viscous forces Rei < .. LAMINAR FLOW Rei > .TURBULENT FLOW Prandtl no. momentum transfer : heat transfer
UCL 2009/G017
UCL 2009/G017
UCL 2009/G017
where
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UCL 2009/G017
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As 104 < Re < 1.25x105 0.7 < Pr < 120 L/d > 60 Eqn is VALID
UCL 2009/G017
C k
p
0.4
0.4
(1.1)0.4
R 1/h 0.4
= 1.04 4% in R as expected
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43% in R when u x 2
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2)
Nu = 0.76
This equation is valid for: 4 x 103 Rei 2.8 x 105 1.9 Pr 1 x 105
Ref. Strek, F., et al Int. Chem. Eng., 7, 693, 1967
Rei0.67
Pr
0.33
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UCL 2009/G017
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counter-current Tho
Tci
T1 = Thi - Tco T2 = Tho - Tci
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Let broth be hot fluid denoted as h Let broth be cold fluid denoted as c Cold water Tci = 10C Tco = 25C Coil qmax = 550,000w do = 0.08m x = 0.005m Ksteel = 60 W/mC hc = 14,000W/m2C hfc = 8500W/m2C
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CW hc hfc hh
UCL 2009/G017 Steady-state heat transfer II
x or roln(ro/ri) k k BROTH
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1) Calculate hh?
Nu = 0.87 Rei 0.62 Pr 0.33 Re Pr Ndi2 = Cp = K h 1000 x 60/60 x 1.82 5x10-3 4.2x103 x 5x10-3 0.7 =
5 = 6.48x10
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1.07x104 x 0.7 = 5
1501W/m2C =
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Calculate L q = Uo Ao Ta Calculate Ta Uo Ao L
Ta T1 + T2 2 = (27-10)+(27-25) 2
Ta = 9.5C
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0 1 U
=
1 + 1 + hh hfh
roln(ro/ri) k x + 1 + k hfc
1 hc
= =
1 + 0 + 5x10-3 + 1 + 1 1501 60 8500 14,000 6.67x10-4 + 8.33x10-5 + 1.17x10-4 + 7.14x10-5 small small = 9.386 x 10-4
Wall resistance + cw resistance - minor
roln(ro/ri) k
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q = Uo Ao Ta Ao= q Uo Ta
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