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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

MC LC
BNG K HIU VIT TT..............................................................................................2 .....................................................................................................................................4 LI M U....................................................................................................................................................4 CHNG I: MNG DI NG GSM.............................................................................................................5 1.1 Gii thiu chung...........................................................................................................................................5 1.2 Cc c trng c bn ca h thng GSM.....................................................................................................6 1.3 Cu trc mng GSM......................................................................................................................................7 1.4.1 MS (Mobile station).........................................................................................................................7 1.4.2 BSS (Base Station System - H thng trm gc).............................................................................8 1.4.3 NSS (Network Switching System - H thng chuyn mch)...........................................................9 1.4.4 Khi TRAU....................................................................................................................................11 CHNG II: TNG QUAN V BTS HNG ALCATEL - LUCENT.....................................................12 2.1 Gii thiu chung v BTS..............................................................................................................................12 2.1.1 Khi nim v BTS..........................................................................................................................12 2.1.2 V tr ca BTS trong h thng GSM .............................................................................................12 2.1.3 Phn loi BTS.................................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 Cu trc chung ca h thng BTS..................................................................................................15 2.2.2 Cu trc v chc nng ca cc khi chnh trong h thng BTS...................................................16 2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS.....................................................................................................................19 2.3.1 Kt ni cc khi chc nng trong h thng BTS...........................................................................19 2.3.2 BCB (Base Station Control Bus)....................................................................................................19 2.3.3 BSII (Base Station Internal Interface)............................................................................................19 2.3.4 Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS.......................................................................................................20 CHNG III: TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM................................................................................22 3.1 Lu lng trong mng GSM.......................................................................................................................22 3.2 Cp dch v - GoS (Grade of Service)..................................................................................................23 3.3 Nhiu ng knh C/I....................................................................................................................................24 3.4 Ti s dng li tn s..................................................................................................................................25 3.4.1 Khi Nim......................................................................................................................................25 3.4.2 Cc mu ti s dng tn s.............................................................................................................28 3.5 Cc cu hnh ca trm BTS.........................................................................................................................32 3.5.1 Cu hnh 4/4/4 (cu hnh Full).......................................................................................................32 3.5.2 Cu hnh 2/2/2...............................................................................................................................33 CHNG IV: DRIVE TEST TRONG MNG GSM..................................................................................34 4.1 Mc ch ca vic thc hin Drive Test......................................................................................................34 4.2 Thit b o v th tc o drive test..............................................................................................................34 4.2.1 i Drive test.................................................................................................................................34 4.2.2 Thit b Drive test v cc ngun h tr..........................................................................................34 4.2.3 Th tc o.......................................................................................................................................35 4.3 Drive test trong chu trnh ti u .................................................................................................................37 4.3.1 Drive test........................................................................................................................................38 4.3.2 Phn tch d liu.............................................................................................................................39 4.3.3 Yu cu thay i cu hnh Site.......................................................................................................51 4.3.4 Thc hin........................................................................................................................................52

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

CHNG V: BI TON THC T............................................................................................................52 5.1 Xy dng cc trm BTS phc v cho mt vng...........................................................................................53 5.1.1 Cc yu t cn quan tm trc khi i vo tnh ton.....................................................................53 5.1.2 Bi ton thc t..............................................................................................................................53 5.2 Bo co Drive test cht lng mng ti Bt Trng H Ni.....................................................................57 Thc hin Drive Test trm Bt Trng v phn tch ta c kt qu sau:.............................................................57 5.2.1Thng k cuc gi...........................................................................................................................57 5.2.2 Thng k KPIs DT ngy 15-10-2011.............................................................................................57 5.2.3Logfile call......................................................................................................................................58 5.2.4Logfile Scanning.............................................................................................................................60 5.2.5Phn tch:.........................................................................................................................................62 KT LUN......................................................................................................................................................63 TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................................................64

BNG K HIU VIT TT

AB AGCH AMPS ARQ AUC BCCH BCH BER BSC BSIC BSS BTS C/A C/I CI C/R CCCH CCITT CEPT DCCH DCS Access Burst Access Grant Channel Advanced Mobile Phone System Automatic Repeat Request Authentication Center Broadcast Control Channel Broadcast Channel Bit Error Rate Base Station Controller Base Station Identity Code Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Carrier to adjacent ratio Carrier to interference ratio Cell Identity Carrier to reflection ratio Common Control Channel International Telegraph & Telephone Consultative Committee European Conference of Postal and Telecommunication Dedicated Control Channel Data Communication Cm truy nhp Knh cho php truy nhp H thng in thoi di ng tin tin Yu cu lp li t ng Trung tm nhn thc Knh iu khin qung b Knh qung b T s bit li B iu khin trm gc M nhn dng trm gc H thng trm gc Trm thu pht gc T s sng mang trn sng ln cn T s sng mang trn nhiu Nhn dng xc nh v tr trong vng nh v T s sng mang trn sng phn x Knh iu khin chung U ban t vn quc t v in thoi v in bo Lin minh chu u v bu chnh vin thng Knh iu khin ring Phn h thng tin s liu

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Kha lun tt nghip Subsystem DCS Digital cellular System EIR Equipment Identity Register European Telecommunication ETSI Standards Institude Fast Associated Control FACCH Channel FB Frequency Correction Burst FCCH Frequency Correction Channel Frequency Division Multiple FDMA Access GMSC Gateway MSC GPRS General Packet Radio Service Global System for GSM Mobile Communication HLR Home Location Register International Mobile Equipment IMEI Identity International Mobile Subscriber IMSI Identity Integrated Service Digital ISDN Network ISI Intersymbol Interference IWF Inter Working Function LA Location Area LAC Location Area Code LAI Location Area Identity MCC Mobile Country Code ME Mobile Equipment MMS Multimedia Messaging Service MNC Mobile Network Code MOU Memoradum Uderstanding MS Mobile Station Mobile services Switching MSC Center MSISDN Mobile Station ISDN Number Mobile Station Roaming MSRN Number NB Normal Burst NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone Operation and Maintenance OMC Center OSS Operation and Support System

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi H thng t ong s Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b Vin tiu chun vin thng chu u Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh Cm hiu chnh tn s Knh hiu chnh tn s a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s MSC cng Dch v v tuyn gi chung Thng tin di ng ton cu Thanh ghi nh v thng tr Nhn dng thit b di ng quc t Nhn dng thu bao di ng quc t Mng s a dch v Nhiu giao thoa gia cc k hiu Chc nng tng tc Vng nh v M vng nh v Nhn dng vng nh v M quc gia Thit b di ng Dch v nhn tin a phng tin M mng di ng Bn ghi nh Trm di ng Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng S ISDN trm di ng S lu ng trm di ng Cm bnh thng in thoi di ng Bc u Trung tm bo dng v vn hnh H thng khai thc v h tr

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Kha lun tt nghip PCH PCM PIN PLMN PSPDN PSTN RACH RAND SACCH SB SCH SDCCH SIM SMS SRES SS TACS TCH TDMA TMN TRAU VLR CGI LAC Paging Channel Pulse Code Modulation Personal Identification Number Public Land Mobile Network Packet Switch Public Data Network Public Switched Telephone Network Random Access Channel Random number Slow Associated Control Channel Synchronization Burst Synchronization Channel Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel Subscriber Identity Module Short Message Service Signed Response Switching System Total Access Communication System Traffic Channel Time Division Multiple Access Telecommunication Management Network Transcoder/Rate Adaptation Unit Visitor Location Register Cell Global Indentity Lacation Area Code

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi Knh tm gi iu ch xung m S nhn dng c nhn Mng di ng mt t cng cng Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch gi Mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng Knh truy nhp ngu nhin S ngu nhin Knh iu khin lin kt chm Cm ng b Knh ng b Knh iu khin ring ng mt mnh Mun nhn dng thu bao Dch v nhn tin ngn Mt khu H thng chuyn mch H thng thng tin truy nhp ton b Knh lu lng a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian Mng qun l vin thng Khi chuyn i m v thch ng tc Thanh ghi nh v tm tr Nhn dng ton cu M nh v vng

LI M U
Thng tin lin lc l mt nhu cu ca bt k mt x hi pht trin no. p ng nhu cu lin lc ngy cng cao ca x hi, thng tin di ng c nghin cu pht trin t rt sm, bt u vi cc h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh analog, cho n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh s c ng dng rng ri v pht trin v cng mnh m.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Thng tin di ng ang trin khai Vit Nam bao gm 2 h. + S dng cng ngh GSM: MobiFone, VinaFone, Viettel, VietnamMobile, Beeline (GTEL). + S dng cng ngh CDMA: EVN Telecom, v S-Fone. Trong s lng thu bao s dng cng ngh GSM l p o. ng trc s pht trin ca s lng thu bao trong thi gian ti v nhu cu tng cao v cc dch v cao cp hn ca khch hng. Cc nh mng cn phi thc hin m rng dung lng v nng cp cho mng li. Vic nghin cu v a ra cc gii php k thut c kh nng p dng thc t v trin khai trong thi gian ngn l v cng cn thit. ti: Thit k xy dng trm BTS phc v cho mt vng v kim tra hot ng trm BTS bng phng php o Driver Test Trong qu trnh lm kha lun tt nghip, mc d em c gng nhiu nhng do trnh c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong c s ph bnh, gp ca thy c v bn b. Trc khi trnh by ni dung ti ny, em xin chn thnh cm n ti cc thy c trong b mn v tuyn cng nh cc thy c trong khoa Vt L thuc trng H KHTN trang b cho em kin thc trong sut bn nm hc va qua. c bit, em xin gi li cm n ti Thy V Thnh Thi tn tnh gip , trc tip hng dn v to mi iu kin thun li cho em hon thnh kha lun. Em cng chn thnh cm n ti anh Nguyn Thnh Hng, Trng Phng k thut - cng ty C phn Pht trin Dch v Vin thng ITC cung cp ti liu v hng dn em hon thnh kha lun. Cui cng, l li cm n su sc em mun gi n gia nh cng bn b ng vin gip em trong sut thi gian qua em c iu kin hon thnh tt nht kha lun tt nghip ny. Sinh vin thc hin Ng Ngc Cnh

CHNG I: MNG DI NG GSM

1.1 Gii thiu chung Khi nim GSM c s dng ln u tin vo nm 1982, l ch vit tt ca Groupe Speciale Mobile, l t chc thuc Hi ng Bu chnh v Vin thng Chu u CEPT (Conference Europeenne des Postes et Telecommunications). T chc

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

ny c giao nhim v pht trin mt chun mi dng cho lin lc di ng trong di tn 900MHz, v kt qu ca n chnh l mng GSM ln u tin vo nm 1991. Trong nm ny, t GSM cng chuyn i ngha, tr thnh ch vit tt ca cm t H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile Communications), v ngi ta cng ra tiu chun cho mng GSM hot ng trong bng tn 1800MHz, c gi l h thng DCS1800. T n nay, nh c tnh chun ha rng ri trn ton th gii cng vi kh nng chuyn vng quc t mnh m, GSM t c nhng thnh cng v cng to ln trong s pht trin. Theo s liu bo co ca hip hi GSM GSMA (GSM Association), tnh cho n thng 4 nm 2008, c 3 t thu bao di ng s dng cng ngh GSM vi tng s 218 nh khai thc trn phm vi ton th gii. Xut pht im ban u, GSM ch yu cung cp dch v thoi v d liu tc thp, GSM cng c cc u im nh: tnh bo mt cao, kh nng chng nhiu mnh m, hiu sut s dng ph cao. T h thng GSM ban u ch cung cp dch v thoi l ch yu, GSM c tch hp thm cc chc nng nh gi tin nhn (SMS), hin th s in thoi gi n, chuyn cuc gi p ng yu cu truyn d liu vi tc cao, GSM c pht trin thm vi Dch v gi d liu v tuyn tng qut GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), a tc truyn d liu trn c s mng v tuyn GSM c th ln n 171.2 kbit/s. Ngy nay, trc nhu cu ngy cng cao v thng tin di ng, c bit l cc ng dng yu cu tc d liu cao, mng 3G l mt xu hng tt yu, trong GSM khng phi l ngoi l. Trong qu trnh nng cp v dch chuyn , tnh hiu qu l yu t v cng quan trng, do i hi s thay i ti thiu trong cu trc mng li, c s h tng k thut mng. Theo l trnh c cc t chc chun ha a ra v c cc nh khai thc chp nhn rng ri, mng GSM s tr thnh mng thng tin di ng bng rng th h 3G vi mi trng truy nhp WCDMA trong tng lai. 1.2 Cc c trng c bn ca h thng GSM + GSM nguyn thu hot ng bng tn 900 MHz vi knh ng xung: 890- 915 MHz v knh ng ln: 935 - 960 MHz.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System) hot ng bng tn 1800 MHz vi knh ng xung: 1710 - 1785 MHz v knh ng ln: 1805 - 1880MHz. + PCS 1900 (Personal Communication Services) hot ng bng tn 1900 MHz vi knh ng xung: 1850 - 1910 MHz v knh ng ln: 1930 - 1990 MHz. + Khong cch song cng (Khong cch gia tn s ln v tn s xung) ca GSM 900, DCS1800 v PCS 1900 ln lt l 45MHz, 95MHz v 80MHz. + Khong cch gia cc knh ln cn (ng ln hoc ng xung) l 200 kHz. + Phng thc truy cp l TDMA cho php nhi u cuc gi khc nhau cng chia s mt tn s. 1.3 Cu trc mng GSM MS BTS

OMC
BSS

VL R

HL R

NSS BSC
TRAU

MSC

Cc mng khc: PSTN, PLMN, ISDN.

EIR

AuC

Um interface

Abis interface

Ater interface

A interface

Hnh v 1.1: Cu trc mng GSM

1.4 Chc nng cc khi trong h thng GSM

1.4.1 MS (Mobile station) MS l thit b dng truy cp vo mng. Mt MS gm hai thnh phn chnh c lp: - Thit b u cui (ME - Mobile Equipment). + Thit b u cui bao gm in thoi di ng hoc mt thit b c th truy cp vo mng.

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Kha lun tt nghip ng IMEI (nternational Mobile Equipment Identity). - SIM (Subcriber Identity Module)

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ Mi in thoi di ng c phn bit bi mt s nhn dng in thoi di

+ SIM l mt card thng minh dng nhn dng u cui. u cui khng th hot ng nu khng c SIM. SIM lu tr cc thng tin lin quan n thu bao di ng, cc dch v GSM v cc thng tin lin quan n PLMN. + Card SIM cha mt s nhn dng thu bao di ng IMSI (International Subcriber Identity) h thng nhn dng thu bao, mt mt m xc thc v cc thng tin khc. + Card SIM c th chng vic s dng tri php bng mt khu hoc s nhn dng c nhn (PIN). 1.4.2 BSS (Base Station System - H thng trm gc) BSS thc hin cc chc nng lin quan n v tuyn trong h thng. N qun l vic lin lc v tuyn vi cc khi di ng. N cng x l vic handover ca cc cuc gi gia cc cell. BSS chu trch nhim qun l tt c cc ti nguyn mng v tuyn v d liu v cu hnh cell. BSS trong CME 20 v CMS 40 u c kh nng x l cc li thng thng m khng cn phi c s iu khin t OSS. BSS gm mt BSC v mt s BTS. 1.4.2.1 BTS (Base Transceiver Station - Trm thu pht gc) BTS bao gm tt c cc thit b v tuyn v cc thit b giao tip truyn dn v tuyn phc v cho mt cell v tt c cc BTS u chu s qun l ca BSC. Cc chc nng chnh ca BTS l: - Cung cp kt ni vi MS - X l tn hiu - X l bo dng cc b. - Kim tra v gim st. Hu ht cc hot ng chnh BTS u c BSC iu khin. 1.4.2.2 BSC (Base Station Controller- Trm iu khin gc) BSC iu khin mt nhm BTS v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. BSC chu trch nhim iu khin vic handover, nhy tn, cc chc nng tng i v iu khin cc mc cng sut, tn s v tuyn ca BTS c th l:

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Kha lun tt nghip - Qun l mng v tuyn:

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Qun l d liu m t cell, cu hnh cell, thng tin h thng v d liu nh v. + o c lu lng v cc knh ri. + Ghi li lu lng. + Chia s ti cell. - Qun l cc trm v tuyn gc: + nh cu hnh cho BTS. + Thay i chc nng v ti chng trnh cho cc BTS. + Bo dng cc thit b BTS. - Qun l mng truyn dn: + Chuyn i v thch ng tc trong BSC. + Vn hnh v bo dng bn trong BSC: + iu khin s kt ni gia cc MS: gm cc qu trnh tm gi, thit lp kt ni bo hiu, ch nh knh lu lng, nh v, handover, iu khin cng sut ng trong MS v BTS, nhy tn, dch v nhn tin qung b v tin vn. 1.4.3 NSS (Network Switching System - H thng chuyn mch) H thng chuyn mch NSS chu trch nhim qun l s thng tin gia ngi s dng mobile n nhng i tng s dng khc nh n cc thu bao di ng, n mng ISDN, PSTN... N cn cha cc d liu cn thit lu tr thng tin v thu bao. 1.4.3.1 MSC (Mobile Service Switching Centre-Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng) Nhim v chnh ca MSC l iu phi vic thit lp cuc gi n nhng ngi s dng mng GSM. Mt mt MSC giao tip vi h thng con BSS, mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi. MSC thc hin cc chc nng sau: - Thit lp v iu khin, phn phi cuc gi, cc bn tin ngn. - X l cuc gi lin tc khi chuyn giao. - Cp nht v tr, v d liu ca MS. - Bo hiu gia cc thnh phn ca mng v gia cc mng khc nhau. - Qun l xc nh c im d liu v x l MS. - Kim tra IMEI v tnh cc 1.4.3.2 HLR (Home Location Register - Thanh ghi nh v thng tr)

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

HLR l mt c s d liu lu tr v qun l cc thng tin v thu bao. Trong PLMN c nhiu HLR. i vi mi thu bao thuc vng ph sng ca MSC, HLR cha d liu v thu bao nh: cc s ng k, danh sch dch v c ng k s dng bi thu bao. HLR cng lu tr v cp nht cc thng tin ng v thu bao, bao gm thng tin v v tr thu bao (a ch ca VLR), cc dch v c ng k ca thu bao, cc s c tip tc gi, cc cuc gi b cm. 1.4.3.3 VLR (Visitor Location Register - Thanh ghi nh v tm tr) VLR l mt c s d liu v tt c cc thu bao hin ang nh v vng dch v ca MSC. N cha cc thng tin tm thi ca MS MSC c th cung cp cc dch v cho cc MS ang c phc v. Khi MS di chuyn sang vng dch v mi ca MSC th VLR kt ni vi MSC mi s yu cu ly v lu thng tin v MS t HLR. Khi MS thc hin mt cuc gi th VLR cha sn cc thng tin cn thit cho vic thit lp cuc gi. VLR lun c tch hp vi MSC c th thc hin bo hiu bn trong. iu ny lm loi b cc bo hiu khng cn thit gia hai nt mng, do lm gim lu lng bo hiu trong mng. 1.4.3.4 AuC (Authentication Centre Trung tm nhn thc) Thanh ghi AuC c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N cung cp cc tham s cn thit cho chc nng nhn thc v to mt m (ciphering). Cc tham s ny gip xc minh s nhn dng thu bao. 1.4.3.5 EIR (Equipment Identity Register) EIR c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N l mt thanh ghi lu tr cc thng tin v cc thit b mobile. C th hn l n lu tr danh sch cc u cui hp l. Mt u cui c nhn dng bng mt IMEI. EIR cho php cm cc cuc gi t cc u cui b nh cp hay khng c php. 1.4.3.6 MSC cng (GMSC) thit lp mt cuc gi n ngi s dng GSM, trc ht cuc gi phi c nh tuyn n mt tng i cng c gi l GMSC m khng cn bit n hin thi thu bao ang u. Cc tng i cng c nhim v ly thng tin v v tr ca thu bao v nh tuyn cuc gi n tng i ang qun l thu bao thi im hin thi (MSC tm tr).

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Khi TRAU l khi chuyn i tc knh thoi TRAU (Transcoder/Rate Adapter Unit), khi ny thc hin chc nng chuyn i tc v ghp 4 knh thoi t trm BTS c tc 16Kb/s thnh mt knh PCM 64Kb/s trc khi giao tip vi MSC. Mc d c xem l mt phn t ca mng truy nhp nhng TRAU thng t chung v tr vi MSC gim chi ph kt ni truyn dn.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

CHNG II: TNG QUAN V BTS HNG ALCATEL - LUCENT

2.1 Gii thiu chung v BTS 2.1.1 Khi nim v BTS BTS l mt thit b dng pht tn hiu ra mi trng v tuyn n cc my di ng v thu tn hiu t cc my di ng cng thng qua mi trng v tuyn. N thng tin n cc MS thng qua giao din v tuyn Um v kt ni vi b iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller) thng qua giao din Abis. 2.1.2 V tr ca BTS trong h thng GSM CU TRC MNG U A C R T U C M A N GG M GSM S

S B
S T B

T C

MS C

T S P N

C S B
S T B

LR H M F S

IN RN E T T E

M O C -R IP G RS P

G S N

KB C A B N O E

G G N S

Hnh v 2.1: Cu trc mng GSM S trn m t v tr ca BTS trong h thng mng GSM. Cc BTS c t khp ni trong vng c k hoch ph sng v n c kt ni ti b iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller). Ngoi ra v tr ca BTS cn ph thuc vo cu hnh kt ni ti BSC, chng hn nh c cc cu hnh sau: - Sectorised configuration - Multipion configuration - Chain configuration - Star configuration

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 2.2: Cu hnh kt ni BTS ti BSC 2.1.3 Phn loi BTS Thit BTS b m cng ty ta s dng khu vc pha nam l loi thit b A9100 ca hng ALCATEL n gm c 2 loi chnh l: 2.1.3.1 MBI L loi BTS dng trong phng kn, trong loi BTS ny li chia thnh 2 dng, l dng nh MBI3, n ch gm c 3 subrack vi trng lng ln nht l 150kg; loi cn li l MBI5 n gm c 5 subrack vi trng lng ti a l 270kg. Kch thc v hnh dng c c m t nh sau:

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 2.3: BTS MBI Mi Subrack c th lp t 8 SUMA, 4 TRE, 3 ANC. 2.1.3.2 MBO L loi BTS c th t ngoi tri v cng ging nh BTS MBI n cng c 2 dng l MBO1 vi trng lng ln nht l 255kg v MBO2 l dng m rng ca MBO1 vi trng lng ti a l 425kg. Kch thc v hnh dng c m ta m t nh sau:

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 2.4: BTS MBO

Cng tng t nh MBI, MBO cng c nhng tng qut v khu vc dng u ni cp tn hiu v cp cnh bo. Ngoi ra n cn c thm cc khu vc dng lp t acqui v nhng khu vc dng cho vic lp t cc thit b truyn dn. 2.2 Cu trc chung ca h thng BTS 2.2.1 Cu trc chung ca h thng BTS

SUM

CLOCK

Abis

T R A N S OMU

TRE

AN

BTS-TE

Hnh v 2.5: Cu trc chung ca h thng BTS H thng BTS gm c cc khi chc nng chnh sau: + SUMA

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

2.2.2 Cu trc v chc nng ca cc khi chnh trong h thng BTS 2.2.2.1 Khi SUMA - XCLK (External clock): l giao din tn hiu ng h ng b bn ngoi. Tn hiu ny c th c ly t mt tn hiu tham chiu bn ngoi nh: Abis link, GPS, BTS khc, c th c to ra trong kiu xung ri bi mt b pht tn s bn trong. - CLKI: l h thng ng h ch c phn phi ti TRE v AN. - MMI: thng qua serial link kt ni ti BTS Terminal, thc hin qun l li, tc ng trc tip n h thng bng mt s lnh n gin. - XBCB: External BTS control bus l bus iu khin cnh bo ngoi(Alarm). - BCB: BTS control bus: Bus nay mang thng tin v trng thi, cu hnh, cnh bo n cc Module trong BTS. - BSII: mang thng tin TCH, RSL, OML, IOM-CONF. - SUMA: l khi trung tm ca mt BTS, mt BTS ch c mt SUMA bt k s sector v TRX l bao nhiu.
KIE N TRU C SUMA Hnh v 2.6: Kin trc khi SUMA
CLKI Transmission 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s BSII & Clock SWITCH

XCLOCK

Abis 1 2 Mbit/s

BSII 0,1

MMI

O&M

XBCB

RI

BCB Internal interface

External interface

SUMA c cc chc nng chnh sau: - Qun l link truyn dn Abis (ln n 2 giao din Abis).

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

- To xung ng h cho tt c cc modul BTS, cc ng h ny c th c ng b t mt ng h tham chiu bn ngoi: Abis link, GPS, BTS khc, c th c to ra trong kiu xung ri bi mt b pht tn s bn trong. - Thc hin chc nng vn hnh v bo dng cho BTS - Qun l ghp cc d liu TCH, RSL, OML, QMUX - iu khin chc nng AC/DC khi chng c tch hp bn trong BTS - iu khin ngun (dung lng, in p, nhit ) - Thit lp in p v dng cho vic np pin. 2.2.2.2 Khi TRE

KIE N TRU C C S CU A TRE Hnh v 2.7: Kin trc khi TRE

BCB BSII CLKI TRED PSWITCH LEDS DEBUG

RCD RFI

CUI

I2CA

TREA

PSI

TREP

Module TRE bao gm ba khi chnh nh trn. Khi TRE-A (Analog) thu tn hiu t Antenna chuyn thnh tn hiu sTRE-D (Digital) a ti SUMA, v ngc li. - TRED: H thng TRED chiu trch nhim v phn s ca TRE: + X l iu khin v bo hiu, n chu trch nhim qun l cc chc nng O&M ca TRE. + Ghp knh, nhy tn, mt m v gii mt m. + M ho (DEC).

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Kha lun tt nghip + Gii iu ch (DEM). + M ho v pht (ENCT). + u cui BCB. - TREA: + iu ch

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ iu khin v bin i cao tn phn pht (TXRFCC). + ng b phn pht (TXSYN). + Bin i trung tn phn thu (RXIF). + ng b phn thu (RXSYN). + Gii iu ch trung tn (ISD). + TRE PA board bao gm b khuch i cng sut, n m nhim khuch i cng sut tn hiu cao tn bi TXRFCC. + TREP: Cung cp ngun cho TRE (DC/DC) 2.2.2.3 Khi ANC
COMBINING MODE
ANTA ANTB

Du p le xe r

Du p le xer

Filter Filter LNA Spliter

Filter Filter LNA Spliter

WBC

Spliter

Spliter

Spliter

Spliter

WBC

Bridge

TX RX RXd

TX RX RXd

RXd RX TX

RXd RX TX

Bridge

TRE 1

TRE 2

TRE 3

TRE 4

Hnh v 2.8: Kin trc khi ANC ANC kt ni 4 my thu - pht n 2 antenna. Phn phi tn hiu nhn c t mi antenna n 4 my thu - pht (thu thng v thu phn tp) Modul ny bao gm 2 cu trc ging nhau, mi cu trc bao gm: +Antenna: n c chc nng l pht sng ra mi trng v tuyn v thu sng t my di ng pht n.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ Mt khi duplexer: dng kt hp hai hng pht v thu mt antenna. + Mt khi LNA: khi ny c chc nng khuch i tn hiu m antenna thu c ln mc ln cho TRE c th x l c. + Hai khi Spliter: khi ny c chc nng tch tn hiu thu ca TRE. + WBC: (Wide band combiner) b ny c chc nng kt hp hai ng pht li vi nhau i trn cng mt ng n b duplexer. Thc t ta ch dng b ny khi ta dng hn 2 TRX trn cng mt sector, nu khng dng kt hp th ta phi g cu ra v kt ni trc tip vi duplexer m khng thng qua b WBC. Khi qua b WBC tn hiu s b suy hao l 3.3 dBm. 2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS 2.3.1 Kt ni cc khi chc nng trong h thng BTS Giao tip bn trong BTS c thc hin thng qua cc bus BCB v BSII. Hnh v I2.9: Kin trc khi KE T NO BE N TRONG BTS
EBCB BSII 2
TCH/RSL

ANC

TRE FW/SW O&M/TEL ECOM

ISL ANx FW
OML/IOM/IOM -CONF

TRE

ISL BSII 1 ISL

ANx

BTS TERM

OMU

ISL pilot

ANy

BSC Abis

TRANS& CLOCK

FACB ISL

AC/DC&BATTEIES ISL

2.3.2 BCB (Base Station Control Bus) BCB: Bus iu khin BTS c kt ni n tt c cc module trong BTS. N c s dng trao i thng tin gia SUMA v cc module khc. Bus ny ch s dng cho mc ch vn hnh v bo dng. 2.3.3 BSII (Base Station Internal Interface) BSII l giao din chnh bn trong BTS

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

BSII c s dng mang cc loi thng tin sau: - TCH (Traffic Channel): Mi TCH chim mt Nibble 16kbit/s(Full rate), hoc 8kbit/s(harf rate) trong lung PCM 30. - RSL (Radio Signalling Link): Cho php ghp mt vi thng tin trn cng mt kt ni vt l nh: Trn TS 64kbit/s c th mang thng tin v Telecom, O&M hay Q_mux (gia TRE v SUMA). - OML (Operation Maintenance Link): Cho php ghp mt vi thng tin trn cng mt kt ni vt l nh: Trn knh 64kbit/s c th mang thng tin v Telecom, O&M hay Q_mux (gia BSC v SUMA). 2.3.4 Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS Nguyn l hot ng ca BTS da trn qu trnh x l cc tn hiu m n nhn c t my di ng (MS) v t BSC. Tn hiu t BSC a ti BTS thng qua giao din Abis trn ng truyn PCM gm c cc tn hiu sau: - Tn hiu thoi TCH (traffic channel). - Tn hiu bo hiu RSL (radio signalling link). - Tn hiu vn hnh bo dng OML (operation maintenance link). - Tn hiu truyn dn Q_mux. Cc tn hiu ny c phn b trn khung PCM nh sau: Khi khng s dng ghp Cu hnh chain end TS0 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TS31 - Trong cu trc khung PCM th khe thi gian TS 0 c s dng cho mc ch ng b. TS31 c s dng truyn tn hiu OML, Qmux. + Cc khe thi gian cn li c s dng truyn d liu TCH, tn hiu RSL. + Cc khe thi gian trong khung PCM c chia thnh 4 nibble mi nibble 16Kbps c s dng cho mt knh lu lng TCH.

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Trong khung PCM giao din Abis th mt RSL chim ton b mt khe thi gian trong khung v s RSL ph thuc vo s TRX m mt BTS c. Tc l s lng ca RSL s bng s TRX. + Trong khung PCM cn c tn hiu OML tn hiu ny s dng trong qu trnh khai thc v bo dng. S lng ng OML s ph thuc vo s BTS. Mi OML s phc v ch cho mt BTS + Vic n nh cc TS c thc hin t di ln (T TS31 TS1) Cu hnh chain: Tng t nh cu hnh chain end tc l thng tin OML v Qmux cng c ghp trn cng mt TS v vic n nh thng tin cng c thc hin t TS31TS1. V d c 2 trm BTS cu hnh 1/1 th vic n nh thng tin trn khung PCM nh sau: TSo TCH TCH TCH TS31(OML2+Qmux2) TS25(RSL2) TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TS28(RSL1) TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TS31(OML1+Qmux1) TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

Khi s dng kiu ghp ny th vic n nh cc thng tin vo cc TS ty thuc vo tng cu hnh tuy nhin n theo xu hng l lm th no hn ch vic ghp nhiu RSL vo mt TS. N ch s dng ghp 4RSL + 1OML khi lu lng trn lung PCM c s dng ti a. - Cc tn hiu ny u tin c a n khi SUMA v kt cui ti phn truyn dn ca khi ny, sau n a n cc khi chc nng khc s l nh sau: + Tn hiu Qmux c kt cui ti phn truyn dn, thc hin qu trnh iu khin truyn dn.Thng tin Qmux c ghp chung vi thng tin OML trn cng mt TS + Cc tn hiu v vn hnh bo dng th kt cui ti khi OMU, khi nhn thng tin O&M, x l v a ra cc lnh lin quan n qu trnh vn hnh bo dng.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ Cc tn hiu v lu lng v bo hiu s c a n khi TRE y s thc hin qu trnh x l thoi v sau a n ANC ri ti antenna ri pht ra mi trng v tuyn.

CHNG III: TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM

3.1 Lu lng trong mng GSM Trong h thng vin thng, lu lng l tin tc c truyn dn qua cc knh thng tin. Lu lng ca mt thu bao c tnh theo cng thc: A= Trong : C: s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi ca mt thu bao. t: thi gian trung bnh cho mt cuc gi.
C *t 3600

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

A: lu lng thng tin trn mt thu bao (tnh bng Erlang). Lu lng mun truyn = Lu lng c truyn + Lu lng nghn. Offered Traffic = Carried Traffic + Blocked Traffic Cp phc v (GoS = Grade of Service): mt knh ng trc c cht lng phc v cao th xc sut nghn phi thp. Vy nn s ngi dng c th phi b gii hn, tc l lu lng mun truyn phi gi trong dung lng knh. Nu chp nhn mt cp phc v thp hn, tc l xc sut nghn ln hn, th tng ng tng c dung lng mun truyn (tng s ngi dng). GoS cng mt ngha vi xc sut nghn: Lu lng mun truyn: A (lu lng mun truyn) Lu lng b nghn: A*GoS (lu lng mt i) Lu lng c truyn: A*(1 - GoS) (lu lng pht ra) Theo thng k cho thy th cc thu bao c nhn s khng nhn ra c s tc nghn h thng mc di 10%. Tuy nhin mng hot ng vi hiu sut cao th mng cellular thng c GoS = 2 % ngha l ti a 2% lu lng b nghn, ti thiu 98% lu lng c truyn. M hnh ERLANG B y l m hnh h thng thng tin hot ng theo kiu tiu hao. Thu bao khng h gi li khi cuc gi khng thnh. ng thi gi thit rng: Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin, s ngi dng rt ln so vi s knh dng chung, khng c knh d tr dng ring, cuc gi b nghn khng c gi li ngay.

Hnh v 3.1: Xc sut nghn GoS

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

M hnh Erlang B l m hnh thch hp hn c cho mng GSM. T cc cng thc ton hc, ngi ta lp ra bng Erlang B cho tin dng V d: S knh dng chung l 10, GoS l 2%. Tra bng Erlang B ta c lu lng mun truyn l A = 5,084 Erl. Vy lu lng c truyn l: A*(1 - GoS) = 5,084*(1 0,02) = 4,9823 Erl. 3.3 Nhiu ng knh C/I Nhiu ng knh xy ra khi c hai my pht pht trn cng mt tn s hoc trn cng mt knh. My thu iu chnh knh ny s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng ph thuc vo v tr ca my thu so vi hai my pht. T s sng mang trn nhiu c nh ngha l cng tn hiu mong mun trn cng tn hiu nhiu. C/I = 10log(Pc/Pi) . Trong : Pc = cng sut tn hiu thu mong mun Pi = cng sut nhiu thu c.

Hnh v 3.2: T s nhiu ng knh C/I Hnh trn ch ra trng hp m my di ng (cellphone) t trong xe ang thu mt sng mang mong mun t mt trm gc phc v (Serving BS) v ng thi

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

cng ang chu mt nhiu ng knh do nhiu pht sinh ca mt trm gc khc Gi s rng c hai trm u pht vi mt cng sut nh nhau cc ng truyn sng cng tng ng (hu nh cng khng khc nhau trong thc t) v im gia, my di ng c C/I bng 0 dB, c ngha l c hai tn hiu c cng bng nhau. Nu my di ng i gn v pha trm gc ang phc v n th C/I > 0 dB. Nu my di ng chuyn ng v pha trm gy ra nhiu th C/I < 0 dB. T s C/I c dng cho cc my di ng ph thuc rt ln vo vic quy hoch tn s v mu ti s dng tn s. Ni chung vic s dng li tn s lm dung lng tng ng k tuy nhin ng thi cng lm cho t s C/I gim i. Do vic quy hoch tn s cn quan tm n nhiu ng knh C/I. 3.4 Ti s dng li tn s 3.4.1 Khi Nim i vi mng v tuyn ca GSM, do s lng knh pht trong di tn cho php l hu hn, nn ti u vic s dng cc knh tn s, tng dung lng phc v, ton b vng phc v c chia thnh cc phn khu nh hn, gi l cluster. Ti mi cluster, tt c cc tn s ( f1 . fn ) c cp u c s dng. Trong trng hp ny, rng vng ph sng v dung lng phc v u c nng cao, tuy nhin s xy ra trng hp nhiu ng knh gia tn s fi ca cluster ny vi tn s fi ca cluster khc. Nh vy, cn thit phi c mt k thut phn b, sp xp s dng cc tn s sng mang ring l trong cc nhm hp l trnh gy nhiu v m bo cc thng s k thut theo yu cu, chnh l k thut ti s dng tn s trong GSM. Ty theo s lng tn s c cp, mc yu cu v dung lng, rng vng ph m c nhiu k thut ti s dng tn s khc nhau, ta gi l mu ti s dng tn s FRP (Frequency Reuse Pattern). Kch c nhm N: Kch c nhm N l s lng cell c trong mt nhm tn s, nhm tn s ny c ti s dng trong mt khu vc ph sng, sao cho khong cch gia hai tn s ging nhau thuc hai nhm khc nhau l D, trm pht sng BTS c xem nh t ti trng tm ca hnh lc gic, bn knh ca cell l R.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

f3

f4

R Dc

f5 f1 i=1
D

f2

f7

f6

j=2

N=7;i=1,j=2

Hnh v 3.3: Cc cell hnh lc gic, mi nhm gm 7 cell. Ta c cng thc tnh khong cch s dng li tn s: D = R*
3* N

(trong : R l bn knh cell)

Hnh v 3.4: Khong cch ti s dng tn s - Tnh ton C/I ng thi ta c cng thc tnh t s C/I nh sau:

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 3.5: S tnh C/I

P l v tr ca MS thuc cell A, chu nh hng nhiu knh chung t cell B l ln nht. Ti v tr P (v tr my di ng MS) c: C..R = I ..(D-R)
x x
x C ( D R) x D = = 1 = ( I R Rx

3. N

-1)x

Trong : x l h s truyn sng, ph bin nm trong khong t 3 n 4 i vi hu ht cc mi trng.

C (dB ) = 10*lg( I
3. N

-1)x

T s C/I (dB) S cell (N) Kch thc mng 3 4 7 9 12 21 x 3,0 9,0 11,7 16,6 18,7 21,0 25,2 3,5 10,5 13,7 19,4 21,8 24,5 29,4 4,0 12,0 15,6 22,2 24,9 28,0 33,6

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Bng quan h N & C/I xc nh v tr ca cc cell ng knh ta s dng cng thc: N = i2 + i.j + j2. 3.4.2 Cc mu ti s dng tn s K hiu tng qut ca mu s dng li tn s: Mu M /N Trong : M = tng s sites trong mng mu N = tng s cells trong mng mu Ba kiu mu s dng li tn s thng dng l: 3/9, 4/12 v 7/21. 3.4.2.1 Mu ti s dng tn s 3/9 Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9 c ngha cc tn s s dng c chia thnh 9 nhm tn s n nh trong 3 v tr trm gc (Site). Mu ny c khong cch gia cc trm ng knh l D = 5,2R. Cc tn s mu 3/9 (gi thit c 41 tn s t cc knh 84 n 124 - l s tn s s dng trong mng GSM900 ca VMS): (i; j nguyn)

BCCH TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4

A1 84 93 102 111 120

B1 85 94 103 112 121

n nh tn s C1 A2 B2 86 87 88 95 96 97 104 105 106 113 114 122 115 123

C2 89 98 107 116

A3 90 99 108 117 124

B3 91 100 109 118

C3 92 101 110 119

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Ta thy mi cell c th phn b cc i n 5 sng mang. Nh vy, vi khi nim v knh nh ni phn trc th phi dnh mt khe thi gian cho BCH, mt khe thi gian cho SDCCH/8. Vy s khe thi gian dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (5 x 8 2) = 38 TCH. Tra bng Erlang-B (Ph lc), ti GoS 2% th mt cell c th cung cp dung lng 29,166 Erlang. Gi thit trung bnh mi thu bao trong mt gi thc hin 1 cuc gi ko di 120s tc l trung bnh mi thu bao chim 0,033 Erlang, th mi cell c th phc v c 29,166/0,033 = 833 (thu bao).

Hnh v 3.6: Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9 Theo l thuyt, cu trc mng 9 cells c t s C/I > 9 dB m bo GSM lm vic bnh thng.

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T s C/A cng l mt t s quan trng v ngi ta cng da vo t s ny m bo rng vic n nh tn s sao cho cc sng mang lin nhau khng nn c s dng cc cell cnh nhau v mt a l. Tuy nhin, trong h thng 3/9 cc cell cnh nhau v mt a l nh A1 & C3, C1 & A2, C2 & A3 li s dng cc sng mang lin nhau. iu ny chng t rng t s C/A i vi cc my di ng hot ng bin gii gia hai cell A1 v C3 l 0dB, y l mc nhiu cao mc d t s ny l ln hn t s chun ca GSM l (- 9 dB). Vic s dng cc bin php nh nhy tn, iu khin cng sut ng, truyn dn gin on l nhm mc ch gim ti thiu cc hiu ng ny. 3.4.2.2 Mu ti s dng tn s 4/12 Mu s dng li tn s 4/12 c ngha l cc tn s s dng c chia thnh 12 nhm tn s n nh trong 4 v tr trm gc. Khong cch gia cc trm ng knh khi l D = 6R. Cc tn s mu 4/12: A1 BCCH 84 TCH1 96 TCH2 108 TCH3 120 B1 85 97 109 121 C1 86 98 110 122 n nh tn s D1 A2 B2 C2 87 88 89 90 99 100 101 102 111 112 113 114 123 124 D2 91 103 115 A3 92 104 116 B3 93 105 117 C3 94 106 118 D3 95 107 119

Ta thy mi cell c th phn b cc i l 4 sng mang. Nh vy, vi khi nim v knh nh ni phn trc, mt khe thi gian dnh cho knh BCH, mt khe thi gian dnh cho knh SDCCH/8. Vy s khe thi gian dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (4 x 8 2) = 30 TCH. Tra bng Erlang-B ( Ph lc), ti GoS = 2 % th mi cell c th cung cp dung lng 21,932 Erlang. Gi s mi thu bao chim 0,033 Erlang th mi cell c th phc v c 21,932/0,033 = 664 thu bao. Trong mu 4/12 s lng cc cell D sp xp theo cc cch khc nhau nhm phc v cho cc cell A,B,C. Hiu qu ca vic iu chnh ny l m bo hai cell cnh nhau khng s dng hai sng mang lin nhau (khc vi mu 3/9). Vi mu ny, khong cch ti s dng tn s l ln hn.

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Hnh Hnhv v3.7: 3.7:Mu Muti tis sdng dngli litn tns s4/12 4/12 V l thuyt, cm 12 cells c t s C/I > 12 dB. y l t s thch hp cho php h thng GSM hot ng tt. Tuy nhin, mu 4/12 c dung lng thp hn so vi mu 3/9 v: a) S lng sng mang trn mi cell t hn (mi cell c 1/12 tng s sng mang thay v 1/9). b) H s s dng li tn s thp hn (ng ngha vi khong cch s dng li l ln hn). 3.4.2.3 Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21 Mu 7/21 c ngha l cc tn s s dng c chia thnh 21 nhm n nh trong 7 trm gc. Khong cch gia cc trm ng knh l D = 7,9R. Cc tn s mu 7/21: Hnh v 3.8 Ta thy mi cell ch c phn b ti a 2 sng mang. Nh vy vi khi nim v knh nh ni phn trc. Phi c mt khe thi gian dnh cho BCH v c t nht mt khe thi gian dnh cho SDCCH, s khe thi gian dnh cho knh lu lng ca mi cell cn (2 x 8 2) = 14 TCH. Tra bng Erlang-B (Ph lc), ti GoS = 2% th mi cell c th cung cp mt dung lng 8,2003 Erlang. Gi s mi thu bao chim 0,033 Erlang, nh vy mt cell c th phc v c 8,2003/0,033 = 248 thu bao.

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Hnh v 3.8: Mu ti s dng li tn s 7/21 Nhn xt: Khi s nhm tn s N gim (21, 12, 9), ngha l s knh tn s c th dng cho mi trm ( /N) tng th khong cch gia cc trm ng knh D s gim 7,9R; 6R; 5,2R. iu ny ngha l s thu bao c phc v s tng ln l: 248, 664 v 883, nhng ng thi nhiu trong h thng cng tng ln. Nh vy, vic la chn mu s dng li tn s phi da trn cc c im a l vng ph sng, mt thu bao ca vng ph v tng s knh ca mng. - Mu 3/9: s knh trong mt cell l ln, tuy nhin kh nng nhiu cao. M hnh ny thng c p dng cho nhng vng c mt my di ng cao. - Mu 4/12: s dng cho nhng vng c mt lu lng trung bnh. - Mu 7/21: s dng cho nhng khu vc mt thp. 3.5 Cc cu hnh ca trm BTS 3.5.1 Cu hnh 4/4/4 (cu hnh Full)

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Mt trm BTS c cu hnh l 4/4/4. Nh vy th mi cell c 4 TRx v s c s knh vt l l: 4x8 =32 knh trong s knh phc v cho thoi l 32-2=30 knh (v 1 knh dng truyn tn BCCH, v 1 hay nhiu knh dng cho knh SDCCH, y l dng 1 knh cho SDCCH). Nh vy l mt cell th c th phc v ti a 30 cuc gi ng thi cng 1 lc v c trm s phc v l 3x30=90 cuc gi ng thi cng mt lc. 3.5.2 Cu hnh 2/2/2 Tng t th mt trm BTS c cu hnh 2/2/2 th mi cell c 2 TRX v s c 2 x 8=16 knh trong s knh phc v cho thoi l: 16 - 2=14 knh Nh vy th mt cell c th phc v ti a 14 cuc gi ng thi cng 1 lc v c trm s phc v 14 x 3=42 cuc gi ng thi.

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CHNG IV: DRIVE TEST TRONG MNG GSM

4.1 Mc ch ca vic thc hin Drive Test Thc hin Drive Test nhm nh gi cht lng v tuyn ca cc im/trm/khu vc/vng nhm pht hin v x l cc tn ti trn mng di ng v nh hng cho vic lp k hoch nhm tng cng ph sng ti cc im/trm/khu vc/vng o. 4.2 Thit b o v th tc o drive test 4.2.1 i Drive test i Drive test phi cn t nht 2 ngi, mt li xe v mt k s Drive test. Ngi li xe phi cn hiu c ng ph v cu trc ca khu vc cn o, v nh vy li xe c th cung cp thng tin v tuyn ng c th v cung cp nhng thng tin c th thay i. 4.2.2 Thit b Drive test v cc ngun h tr 4.2.2.1 Thit b Drive test Thit b Drive test gm c: - Mt phn mm o (TEMS) v mt my tnh xch tay - Mt in thoi di ng test (T610 Ericsson) - Mt GPS - Ngun in cung cp (c ni vi Acqui ca xe chuyn i in thnh 220V cho my tnh v GPS) - Cp d liu kt ni gia Laptop v my TEMS - H thng antenna (anten gn t ng hng c cp ni vi in thoi)

Tems 8.0 v cp d liu

GPS Holux

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My tnh xch tay 4.2.2.2 Cc ngun h tr

B i ngun DC - AC

- t phi c ngun lm vic n nh v acqui hot ng tt - Mt bn ng ph cho php nh hng ng i - V tr ca Site v cu hnh chi tit, c th trn cc bn ring r hoc trn bn c th ch ra Azimuth, titls, cao v cc thng s cn thch hp khc - S ng i, bao gm c bn ng ph v hng ch dn - Mt simcard test - Mt file m t mng vi nh dng tng ng vi phn mm cn o (CDD) - Even Log m k s c th ghi ch cc s kin v thi gian a im m c th nh hng n c chnh xc ca php o (v d nh i trong ng ngm cu cao), nhng thng tin ny c th s dng cho vic phn tch li sau ny 4.2.3 Th tc o 4.2.3.1 Cc th tc chun b ng i phi c xc nh cn thn trc khi thc hin, ng i l nh nhau trong sut qu trnh ti u. Cc im sau phi c cn nhc khi ln k hoc o: - Khong thi gian ti a cho mi cluster l 4h. s cuc gi >=200 c th cung cp mt s liu ng tin cy - ng i phi bao gm tt c cc Cells ca mt cluster - Nu c th ng i phi c ln k hoch c th i c handover c 2 chiu - t nht tt c cc tuyn ng chnh phi c o - ng i vo cc vng m khng c trn bn s th khng cn thit o Trc khi Drive test c tin hnh tt c cc thng tin bao gm cao, gc v hng anten phi c kim tra li. Nhng vn v ci t phi c gii quyt trc khi thc hin php o. Cc site cha hot ng cn phi c lu v nu cn thit c th hon li php o v thay i tuyn ng

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Kha lun tt nghip 4.2.3.2 Ci t thit b

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Cc li ngt ngun trong php o c th sinh ra li d liu khi tin hnh php o. Vi mc ch ngn nga cc hin tng trn phi m bo rng my tnh xch tay, in thoi test v GPS phi c np in. Kim tra tt c cc kt ni vi ngun an ton cha v b chuyn i khng b qu ti. H thng Anten c s dng v v tr anten c th thay i: + o mc tn hiu trn ng hoc kim tra mc tn hiu cho trc, Anten phi c t trn nc ca xe khng gn hn 45cm t bt c cnh no. Nu chiu cao ca xe ln hn 1.8m, th c th t Anten trn np y my t v khng gn hn cnh no 45cm v cch knh chn gi l 1m. + o c tnh trong xe Antenna c th t mt v tr c nh ngang u li xe Mt qui tc rt quan trng cn phi nh l gi cho cc thit b o c n nh sut qu trnh o. iu ny m bo cho mt kt qu chnh xc. Kim tra tt c cc kt ni m bo rng phn mm o c kt ni vi cc thit b. Kim tra xem phn mm o c th thu c cc bn tin lp ba v cc php o khc t MS hay khng. Ci t ch cuc gi theo th tc sau khi o bench marking l thi gian thit lp cuc gi l 90s, ch 25s v lp li Lu logfile vo v tr qui nh trn my tnh vi nh dng MMDDYY_Name. 4.2.3.3 Qu trnh kim tra Bi v khi khi ng xe s c mt xu hng lm rt in th acqui do sinh ra li hiu in th trn hu ht cc Inverter. Do vy cn phi gi xe chy lin tc trong sut qu trnh cn o. Tin hnh thc hin o ti mt tc xe c nh nu c th nhng khng qu 60km/h. Khong thi gian di dng li cn c ghi ch bi v c th sinh ra trn mt vng mt kt qu sai lch c th rt tt cng c th rt xu. Trong sut qu trnh o, k s nn quan st bn ngoi xem xt li (sai fio, mc tn hiu thp, ci t Antena hoc vt chn) v ni no cn thit th ghi ch li kim tra li.

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Kha lun tt nghip ny ngn nga s thng k sai. 4.3 Drive test trong chu trnh ti u

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

m bo rng logfile c bt u v kt thc khi MS trng thi ri; iu

C 2 ngun c th cho mt k s s dng gim st mng li, bng di y s th hin li u im cng nh nhc im ca 2 ngun ny. Field c im Chi ph hiu qu Phm vi vt l Test Th hin mt ci Tiu tn nhiu thi Trong mt vng gii nhn ca khch hng gian mc tiu v cht lng mng ph hp cho phn tch i NMS/OMC hn tt cho xc nh cc vn - xc nh c l hng vng ph sng

measurement

th Cho php la chn d Mt cch hiu qu V tr gii hn c th liu tp trung. Thng qun l cht xc nh cc vn tin lin tc, c ch cho lng mng trong tng cell.

gim st. Trong qu trnh trc khi a vo khai thc, s lng cc thu bao nh nn vic thu c cc thng k t NMS l khng ng k. Tuy nhin, cc thng bo khc ca NMS nh Equipment Alarm l rt hu ch pht hin cc vn c th v cng cung cp cu tr li cho c tnh mng c tm thy trong Drive Test. Ngoi ra cn c ngun d liu c ly t cc thng bo Measurement Report c ly t MS v cc o c ng ln c ly t BTS khi knh c kch hot. Acalter RMS v Ericson MRR l 2 h thng c th cung cp su hn v cc vn nh la chn d liu nh Timing Advance Distribution, S phn b ca tn hiu trn ng xung v ng ln, s phn b RxQual v s gim bt hoc iu khin cng sut, cc d liu ny c th c biu din ring r hoc kt hp vi nhau pht hin ra vn . V d nh RxQual v RxLev c th ch ra c vn vng nhiu do mc tn hiu thp hoc do k hoch n nh tn s km. Chu trnh ti u

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 4.1: Chu trnh Drive Test

4.3.1 Drive test 4.3.1.1 K hoch kho st kim tra Nhm RNP t chc cc i v cc thit b tin hnh kho st o c, bi v hnh ng ny tiu tn rt nhiu thi gian, do c th phi thm nhn lc. Trong trng hp ny nhm RNP s hng dn i kho st c th tp trung nhiu hn vo phn tch cc kt qu php o 4.3.1.2 nh dng tuyn ng kim tra Nhm s xc nh tuyn ng cho nhm kho st, nhng tuyn ng ny nn nht qun v nn xem trc ch vi thng hoc nhng vng c kh nng thay i

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Kha lun tt nghip nhng con ng mi.

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

V d s thay i gm c: tch hp site mi, cc nh cao tng mi xy dng, Trong trng hp c thm ngi tin hnh php o, RNP nn a ra mt form yu cu php o vi bn km theo. 4.3.1.3 La chn php o i Drive test nn iu khin php o tun theo hng dn k hoch v nhng tuyn ng c xc nh bi RNP. Cc i nn ghi ch li nhng vn v thit b v cc s kin khng bnh thng khc (sai phi ) v thng bo n cc i tng ng. Nu cc vn c sa cha ngay ti im , i o nn tin hnh tip tc Drive Test, nu khng th php o phi c hon li vo ngy khc. 4.3.2 Phn tch d liu S phn tch ca nhm Drive test s cho php nhm RNP c th quyt nh c tnh mng, pht hin ra cc vn v khuyn co thay i ci thin mng. kt ni tt c cc ngun ca d liu l rt cn thit c mt s kim tra hon chnh ca cc giai on mng lui sau ny. Phn ny m t mt s li thng thng c tm thy trong mng li v cch gii quyt. 4.3.2.1 Khng th xc nh c hoc thiu Neighbor Vn ny c lit k u tin bi v cc triu chng c th ging vi cc vn ny nh c nu phn sau. Mt v d ca vic chun on nhm ca vic thiu Neighbour l khi Drive test ch ra rng mc tn hiu ri xung di mc ch tiu. V iu ny c ch ra l c vn v vng ph. Do tt hn l phn tch d liu Drive test cho vic thit lp handover trc khi tin hnh cc th tc khc. Trc khi xem qua cc v d v chn on thiu handover, phi ch rng iu khin cng sut c kch hot trn kt ni hin ti hay khng. iu khin cng sut s c nh hng n mc tn hiu o c c th khng c thc hin vi BTS ti mc cng sut ti a do n c th so snh vi mc tn hiu neighbor c thng bo chng lun c pht i bi BTS ti mt mc c nh. iu ny c th c thc hin bi vic kim tra cc thng s ca Cell trong OMC, Drive test hoc dng bng di y. N s gip cho vic quyt nh kh

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Kha lun tt nghip vic iu khin cng sut.

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

nng no ca mc tn hiu ca kt ni hin ti c gim i bi nh hng ca Kt ni hin ti ch s dng BCCH Khng dng iu khin cng sut iu khin cng sut khng c kch hot Khng dng iu khin cng sut BCCH serving cell trong danh sch BA- Khng dng iu khin cng sut Active v c thng bo c RxLev lin quan vi RxLev ca kt ni (1-2dB) Rxlev di mc tn hiu ng xung Nhiu kh nng khng s dng iu mong mun hoc ngoi khong iu khin khin cng sut cng sut Rxlev gn vi mc tn hiu mong mun Nhiu kh nng iu khin cng sut ng xung hoc bn trong ca s iu c s dng khin cng sut ng xung BCCH ca cel ang phc v trong danh Nhiu kh nng s dng iu khin sch BA list c thng bo c mc tn cng sut hiu ln hn so vi Rxlev ca kt ni C th thy trn bng trn, c nhng trng hp m khng th ni tuyt i rng c s dng iu khin cng sut hay khng, nguyn nhn ch yu l do thc t rng BTS khng thng bo ti MS v iu khin cng sut c s dng. Do trong trng hp cn nghi ng, Drive Test c th c thc hin li kim tra vn . Trong trng hp Rxlev ca cell ang phc v cng ch c thng bo mt trong cc neighbor, khi nh s dng gi tr Rxlev ny nh hng ca iu khin cng sut c loi b. Nu khng phi l trng hp ny v iu khin cng sut c th c s dng cho kt ni khi Drive test c th ra cc thao tc thng thng. Nu Neighbor b thiu s dng tn s BCCH nh l mt phn ca BA list ca cell ang phc v khi vic pht hin thiu neigbor l kh d dng. Mt v d ca iu ny c ch hnh v di y.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 4.2: V d thiu vng Neighbor T hnh v ta c th thy rng kt ni trn BCCH, do t bng cho trc c th thy rng iu khin cng sut khng c s dng. Chng ta c th thy r hn rng MS thng bo mt mc tn hiu mnh hn mc tn hiu ang c phc v nhng khng c s chuyn giao no xy ra vo cell c cng mnh hn. V d ny ch ra rng Cell l mt ng c cho vic missing neighbor, nhng cc bc kim tra di y cn thit phi c tin hnh chc chn: - Kim tra nu kt hp BCCH/ BSIC c thng bo ph hp cha. Nu BSIC khng c gii m, s dng planning tool tm ra mt cell thch hp, nu khng c cell no c tm thy phi kim tra xem c mng no khc ang s dng tn s ny. - Nu quan h neighbor c xc nh cho cell ng c: + Trong trng hp ny BSIC khng gii m c hoc khng lin tc th phi kim tra xem c kh nng nhiu trn knh khng. Nu c mt BSIC khng ng tin cy c decode, mt handover s khng c xy ra. + Kim tra xem nu cell c iu khin bn trong BSC, LAC v hoc MSC. Nu bt k mt trong cc yu t trn l khc, th kim tra xem cc c s d liu lin quan m bo rng cc thng tin nh dng cell v handover l xc nh ng. + Kim tra xem c nghn khng trn cell ng c. Nu n nghn, khng mt hand-over no xy ra.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

+ Kim tra thng s disable hand-over cho cell ng c. Nu Handover n b kho, MS s khng chuyn giao c ti cell kim tra ci t lp HCS v cc thng s thut ton handover ca cc nh cung cp tm ra nguyn nhn c th. + Kim tra s truyn dn gia cc cell ng c. Mt s nh cung cp thit k thit b ca h tip tc truyn dn knh BCCH thm ch ngay c BTS khng c ni vi phn cn li ca mng li. Tuy nhin nu nhn sau khi drive test c th thy cell ng c c s dng, li truyn dn c v nh khng ng. Mt yu cu thay i c th c pht ra ch cho missing neighbor trong trng hp sau khi kim tra cc tnh hung trn m khng tm c nguyn nhn. Cc vn c pht hin trong qu trnh kim tra c th c sa li nh cc change request. Nu missing neigbour s dng tn s khng c xc nh trong BA list khi vic pht hin thiu neighbor l kh hn nhng vn c th xc nh c.

Hnh v 4.3: V d trong phn tch Neighbor Trong v d ny chng ta c th thy rng mt handover n mt cell c pht hin l mnh hn so vi cell ang phc v, tip n lp tc handover sang cell mi c mc tn hiu ln hn c cell c v cell mi. Handover ln th 2 c thc hin sang cell mnh nht. Trong trng hp ny nn ch ra rng cell phc v ban u v cell phc v ln cui nn c quan h neighbor vi nhau. Nu quan h neigbor l c xc nh n cell ng c, cc bc kim tra sau y nn c thc hin:

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

- Km tra danh sch tn s o c t hoc l bn tin h thng s 5 hoc t OMC. Nu tn s neighbor khng xut hin trong danh sch khi hand-over s khng xy ra c. - Kim tra nu cell ang c iu khin trong cng BSC, LAC hoc MSC. Nu tt c cc trng hp trn l khc nhau tip kim tra c s d liu lin quan m bo rng thng tin handover v nh dng cell c xc nh ng. Nu khng c quan h c xc nh th mt yu cu thay i c th c a ra thm missing neighbor. Trong mt s trng hp c th xo i hoc to ra mt quan h neighbor trong trng hp c li ca cu hnh d liu OMC/BSC. 4.3.2.2 Vn v vng ph y l mt vn tng i n gin pht hin v phn tch. Tuy nhin gii php cho vn ny khng phi l n gin. Nguyn nhn cho tnh trng mc tn hiu thp c nh gi l bi v mt nh hng, ngoi ra l tn hiu thp s ko theo C/I b gim. C/I gim gy nn chst lng thoi gim, trc tin BER c tng ln ch ra mt im m cht lng thoi b gim v tip khi FER tng khi cc mu tn hiu b mt tt c v dn n rt cuc gi. Nu nhiu c nh gi trc mc tn hiu, ngi ti u c th b cun ht bi xc nh vn nh l cht lng thp v iu chnh tn s, iu lm lng ph thi gian bi nguyn nhn thc s ca nhiu l nhiu nhit hoc nhiu nn chng khng th b loi b bi vic thay i tn s. Gii php gii quyt vn vng ph thp l: - Tng cng sut pht ra ca BTS hoc gim suy hao BTS. - Chnh li hng tilt hoc tng cao anten - S dng mt Repeater m rng vng ph. - Xy dng thm trm mi. Tu vo thit b ca nh cung cp, c th tng cng sut n ti a thng qua yu cu phn mm hoc thay TRX vi cng sut cao hn. Mt kh nng na l gim suy hao combiner hoc feeder nh s dng air combining hoc feeder c suy hao thp. Air combining l mt khi nim m thay

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

v s dng filter hoc Hibrid combiner kt ni 2 TRX vi mt Anten, mt anten ring r c s dng cho 1 TRX v do gim c 3dB n 3.5 dB suy hao. iu quan trng phi nh rng vng ph uplink v downlink l phi cn bng, do vic tng cng sut ng xung cn thit phi kt hp vi tng vng ph ng ln nh thm vo TMA. Nu vn vng ph tn ti trong mt vng m gn vi site hin ti v nguyn nhn bi vt chn, khi c th gii quyt vn ny nh tng cao anten vt qua vt chn. Nu vn vng ph tn ti trong khu vc gn vi mt cell hin ti nhng v tr nm gia 2 sector khi ta c th chnh li hng anten thu c s ci thin. Quay li hng l k thut hiu qu tc th, n s a mt s tn hiu cho vng by gi trong beam chnh v ly i mt s tn hiu m trc y l beam chnh. Tuy nhin nu trong hng ca beam c c mc tn hiu mnh hoc c mt site khc c th cover c vng ny, th xoay hng l thun tin v tng c tng s vng t c tiu chun. Uptilt ca anten c th cung cp mt s tng ch. Tuy nhin c mt bt li ca vic lm ny l s lm tng s trn ca cell c th gy ra nhiu n cc cell khc. Trong hu ht cc trng hp nng thm mt gc -3 dB trn ng ngang s khng cung cp thm c s ci thin v tng ch. Trong vng nng thn v nhng ni m dung lng yu cu l thp, c th s dng repeater gii quyt vn vng ph. C nhiu loi repeater c cung cp trn th trng do vy c th la chn trong tng trng hp c th. Khi phn tch vng ph thp n rt quan trng kim tra nu mc tn hiu thp l do iu khin cng sut hay khng, nu trng hp ny cht lng c th chp nhn c, khng c vn g thay i. Hnh v di y v bn di y l mt v d v vng ph thp, kh nng v thiu neighbor c loi b.

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Kha lun tt nghip

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 4.4: V d v vng ph thp mc tn hiu tip theo trn biu , c th thy rng mc tn hiu gim i ng k t khi cuc gi c bt u n na chng cuc gi ti n bt u tng. Nh cp trc khi mc tn hiu gim th C/I v quaility cng gim theo, iu ny c th c nhn thy th; C/I tnh ton gim, RxQual tng, SQI gim v FER tng. Trong bn hnh v 4.5 im gia c la chn. Mc tn hiu gim khi MS dch chuyn ra xa trm BTS cho n im gia, ti thi im MS thay i hng v quay ngc tr li BTS. Trong danh sch serving v Neighbor cell c th thy rng mc tn hiu ca Cell phc v v Neighbor l di -100 dBm v mc ngng thit k.

Hnh v 4.5: Biu phn tch trn MapInfo

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Kha lun tt nghip

GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Trong v d ny khong cch o c n vng phc v thp l kh xa t hng Anten v nm trong khong null gia 2 sector 1 v 2, nhng n khng hiu qu nu ch thay i hng ca Anten. Phn tch su hn ta thy rng mc tn hiu di mc phc v ngoi tri do vic s dng TRX c cng sut ln hn v gim suy hao ca Feeder l khng gip c nhiu. Khng c cell no pha ng Nam do cell ang phc v nm pha ra ca mng, nhng xem xt thy rng vng ph thp vn nm bn trong th x do gii php tt nht l xy dng thm trm mi. bn tip theo trang bn ch ra mt v d khc v vn vng ph thp, tuy nhin trong v d ny vng phc v ny c bao quanh bi cc Site v khng nm trong ngoi ra ca mng. Phn tch vng ny thy rng khng c vt cn ng k gn cell ang phc v v khong cch ca vng c vn l nm trong bn knh c phc v. Nghin cu k hn trong vng ph thp ta thy rng khu vc ny l khu ng c (ng rt hp v cc to nh l lin k nhau) c rt t c hi c mt tn hiu ng thng hoc phn x v khc x t cc cell ln cn thm nhp c n MS. Gii php tt nht l xy mt SITE mi trong hoc gn vi khu vc trn bi v khu vc ny l ng c v do lu lng ca khu vc ny s rt ln (Repeater khng th tng c lu lng) v ch c nhng tn hiu trn nh mi c kh nng thm nhp n MS (Gim suy hao phi hoc tng cng sut pht s khng ci thin c s thm nhp vo khu vc ny).

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Hnh v 4.6: Biu phn tch trn MapInfo 4.3.2.3 Nhiu nhiu v vn v cht lng ti S suy gim cht lng mng gy ra bi nhiu ln v cht lng ti c th bao gm: - Cht lng thoi ti cng tng - Tc chuyn i trong GPRS gim vi s ln truyn li tng ln - Rt cuc gi tng - Chuyn giao khng thnh cng v rt chuyn giao tng ln - S ln thit lp cuc gi khng thnh cng tng Ngun nhiu chnh l nhng cell bn trong cng mt mng v do thng thng c th iu khin c v c th loi b hon ton bi ngi vn hnh. Cc mng khc c cng k thut theo bi k thut khc nhau v cng bng tn l nhng ngun nhiu thm vo vi mt mc thp hn. Mt im cn ghi nh l thnh thong ngun nhiu t nhng ngun ny khng th xc nh c nh drive test bi v chng hoc trong band uplink ca GSM hoc l mt k thut khc. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, nhng my o phn tch ph c th tr gip pht hin ra ngun nhiu. Nhiu nn v nhiu nhit l nhng ngun nhiu cui cng v chng thng thng ch nh hng n tn hiu c cng rt thp (<100dBm). Tuy nhin,

47

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

trong mt vng vi mt site tng i cao, nhiu sn (t nhiu nhit cng vi s trn ra t cc cell khc) c th c tng ng k v gy ra vn nhiu rt kh gii quyt. Bi v hu ht nhiu l t bn trong cng mt mng. N l mt kiu nhiu c nhm ti trong sut qu trnh ti u. Mt s phng php c th ci thin tnh trng nhiu: - Thay i tn s trn cell phc v hoc/ v ngun nhiu. - Downtilt ngun nhiu trong trng hp b trn ra qu nhiu. - Tng cng sut ca cell phc v v hoc gim cng sut pht ca ngun nhiu. - Tin hnh iu khin cng sut, nhy tn hoc pht gin on Pht hin nhiu t logfile Drive Test l mt iu g d nhng Log Drive Test thng thng khng xc nh c r rng ngun nhiu. Mt s v d t php o Drive Test c ch ra di y:

Hnh v 4.7: V d khc v vng ph thp trong hnh trn, c th thy rng trong phn trc khi handover th nht c nhiu neighbor c thng bo xung quanh mc tn hiu, iu ny ch ra rng thiu mt cell vt tri. Nhiu handover din ra trong mt khong ngn vi mt s r rng l do nhiu (bi v tiu chun power budget - HO d tr l khong 3dB khng t ti). Trong trng hp ny kh c th gii quyt vn nh ch thay i mt tn s. Gii php cho kiu tnh hung ny s c tho lun k hn.

Nhiu n

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Trong nhng trng hp m nhiu gia 2 cell c th l phng php u tin - thay i mt tn s hoc trn cell phc v hoc trn ngun nhiu - c th sa c vn nhiu ny. S pht hin c hoc khng ngun nhiu t mt ngun n hoc nhiu c th bin i rt phc tp. Bc u tin l xem xt k hoch tn s cho cho mt vng v tm ra ngun nhiu c nhiu kh nng nht. Thnh thong c mt cell ni tri c th gii quyt vn ny a nhiu Khi vng vi ngun nhiu ln nhn c nhiu mc tn hiu t cc cell khc nhau ti nhng mc tng t lm cho ti t hn theo hm m vi mi nhiu ngoi. Trong nhng trng hp ny s thay i tn s trong mt khu vc c th cn thit gim nhiu trong mt gii hn c th chp nhn c. Trong cc trng hp nghim trng l c rt nhiu tn hiu v mc nhiu sn s tng, trong trng hp ny vic thay i tn s khng thu c nhiu hiu qu. Trong mng vi s qui hoch tn s cht ch hoc s dng trong mt nhm c nh, hoc trong vng mt cell thp xung quanh vng c mt cell ln, iu ny lm tng ln nhiu nhit c th tr nn vn nghim trng. Tin hnh nhy tn c th c ch nh vic trung bnh nhiu ny nhng khng th loi tr c n. Khi i mt vi s tng nhiu sn ny, phng php cn li l c ph hp tt hn ci thin cht lng trong khu vc nhiu. i tng chnh ca n l gim nhiu m khng phi gim cng sut pht do C/I c ci thin t n cht lng thoi tt. Downtilt Anten Mc ch ca downtilt l ph hp vng ph ca mt cell vi vng phc v ca cell . Nu vng ph ca Cell l rng hn so vi vng phc v v khi cell s gy ra nhiu cc cell ln cn. iu chnh ng tilt ca anten, ngi lp k hoch phi xc nh bin ca cell v tip gc ca anten do cnh ca cell s bn trong phn trn ca na bp sng chnh. Tilt chnh xc ph thuc vo rng chiu ngang ca cell v tilt in ca anten v gii hn cui cng ca cell l g.

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GVHD: Ths. V Thnh Thi

Nh hng dn u tin, t mt im - 3dB trn nh ca antena trn phng ngang khng c khuyn ngh bi v iu ny s dn n mt phn rng ln ca nng lng b mt i vo trong khng gian hoc ti hn do b mc trong vt dn nhit trong khng gian ch quay li tri t ti mt khong cch xa v gy ra nhiu cc cell khc. Hnh di y c th ngh mt gc khng tun theo cc khuyn co ban u v nu nh vy s ng v khng ng ca vic lm ny cn c c lng v mt s tho hip c t n. Nu mt cell cung cp ti mt vng c mt cell thp, bp sng chnh tp trung ca anten c th hng v bin ca Cell. Nu cell c cung cp mt vng ph trong mt vng m c mt cell cao, khi im -3dB nh ca bp sng chnh c th c ch vo bin ca ca cell. nhng vng c a hnh khng bng phng, qu trnh quyt nh gc tilt cn c cn nhc khc nhau tng i trong chiu cao tng i gia MS anten v BTS. V d, nu anten c ch vo mt qu i, im -3dB ch nm bn trn qu i mt cht. iu ny lm gim kh nng trn ra xa (ng thi gim lun nhiu uplink ca cell) v tp trung vo cng sut truyn v nhn bn trong vng mc tiu. Vi mc ch thu c mt nh dng r rng v bin ca cell nhiu Drive test cn phi c tin hnh v phn tch. Tm kim vng ph ni m cc cell c nhn ti mc cng sut bng nhau, nu cc cell c h tilt ti vng bin v cng sut cui cng nhn c ti vng bin l khng thay i nhiu nhng s trn s c gim i ng k. Tuy nhin nu nhng mc tn hiu ti bin ca cell vn cao (+3dB trn mc c th xem xt cho phc v tt trong nh) khi chnh gc anten cho n khi mc tn hiu ti vng bin l c th chp nhn c. Bin ca cell nn c khong cch n 2 cell l gn bng nhau to nn s cn bng gia chng. Thnh thong mt vt chn m mt trong cc cell khng th vt qua xc nh bin cell. Khi bin ca Cell l mt khong bit, nhng php tnh n gin v lng gic tnh ton gc tilt chnh xc. Nu d liu phn b Timing Advance l c th t OMC/NMS khi nhng iu ny c th gip xc nh bin cell. S dng d liu ny, mt k s c th chnh gc anten vi im nh -3dB ca bp sng chnh cover c phn ln lu lng ngi dng.

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Di y l biu phn b Timing Advance ca cell m vng phc v b trn. Trong v d ny, n tt hn l h gc anten m nh -3dB ri xung khong 6Km (TA=12) t Site ny. iu ny nn dch chuyn lu lng khng mong mun xung quanh 9 hoc 15km ra xa m lm suy gim c tnh ca cell.

Hnh v 4.8: Biu phn b TA ca cell c vng phc v b trn iu chnh cng sut i vi cell phc v hoc nhiu Trong mt vng c vng ph tt nhng nhiu km n c th gim mc tn hiu ca ngun nhiu. iu ny lm tng t l C/I ca cell phc v v c th dn n s ci thin c tnh ca cell. Tng cng sut trn cell phc v c dung lng tt (mt site thp hoc mt vng ph b gii hn bi vt chn) v b nhiu bi cc cell ln cn khc v thng thng dn n C/I tt hn v c tnh mng c ci thin. c tnh ca mng Tin hnh thit lp iu khin cng sut mt cch n ho (c mc ngng cht lng tt trong gi tr Rxqual tt v Rxlev cao) c th vn cung cp s ci thin bi v nhng li ch chnh thu c c thu c vi s gim 2 - 3dB cng sut. DTX v nhy tn c th gim c nhiu m bt k gc no kt ni vi MS nhn c do cht lng mng s tt hn. 4.3.3 Yu cu thay i cu hnh Site Tt c cc vn c pht hin trong phn trc a v mt kt qu trong mt s yu cu thay i cu hnh c th l phn mm hoc phn cng. Bt k trng hp no c th cn thit chng minh s thay i bng cch hon thnh mt yu cu thay i c ghi thnh vn bn. iu ny ngn nga mt

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ngi no sau ny ri b tt c cc neighbor cn thit hoc cu hnh anten vi Yu cu thay i (changes Request) c th c a ra bng ti liu l do ca s thay i, xc nh cc nh hng c th n mng nh cc b m c tnh c th c nh gi xem s thay i c em li s ci thin cho mng hay khng. 4.3.4 Thc hin Chu trnh ti u nn bt u li khi m yu cu thay i c tin hnh bi thay i khc trong: - n nh tn s trn cell phc v hoc cell b nhiu - Cu hnh anten - Xc nh neighbor - Cc thng s iu khin c tnh mng Bi v khng phi tt c cc thay i s tr v mt kt qu tt, do cn thit phi nh gi li mng sau khi thay i. Qu trnh ti u c lp li cho n khi c tnh ch c th t c hoc cho n khi tt c cc gii php c th c th. Nhng vn khng c gii quyt nn lm thnh mt ti liu v c xem li sau vi thng trong trng hp c mt gii php mi c tm ra (v d sau khi mt site c tch hp hoc mt c tnh mi c th).

CHNG V: BI TON THC T

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5.1.1 Cc yu t cn quan tm trc khi i vo tnh ton a vo lp t mt h thng bao gi cng phi c nhng k hoch, nhng d n v k thut, nhng d tr v kinh t. Trong thit k mng thng tin di ng s cc vn cng c xem xt k lng. Vi kh nng s dng, kh nng v ng vn m vng ph sng c th rng khp hoc ch p ng c mt s trng hp no , tuy nhin trng hp m rng l ln. iu i hi phi quy hoch mng. Cc bc thc hin nh sau: - S phn b a l ca vng ph sng. - Cht lng phc v cho thu bao. - Mc phc v. - S ph a l. Thm vo cn mt s yu cu cn thit nh: - Kh nng pht trin h thng. - D on yu cu v lu lng chng hn bao nhiu thu bao c th c, s phn chia v lu lng. Khi xt n vn cn phi dng cc s liu m t nh: - Phn b dn c. - Cc trung tm bun bn hay ti chnh quan trng. - Mc thu nhp ca ngi dn. - Thng k s lng in thoi c nh. - Tng ng vi cc mc cc thu bao, cc cuc gi. 5.1.2 Bi ton thc t Tnh ton s b xy dng cu hnh cho trm BTS s dng thit b Alcatel ti lng Bt Trng - H Ni. 5.1.2.1 Cc thng s kho st Phn b a l: vng ng bng, khng c i ni, nm c lp Khu dn c

Cu, ng

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Tng din tch khong 1.64 Km2 - Dn s l khong 3600 ngi - c tnh trong x c khong 1500 my di ng. Do ta cn xy dng nn trm BTS phc v cho 1500 thu bao di ng. - S cuc gi trung bnh ca mt thu bao trong vng mt gi l 1. - Cht lng phc v cho thu bao GOS l: 2% 5.1.2.2 Tnh ton lu lng Lu lng ca mt thu bao c xc nh theo cng thc sau: A = (nxT)/3600 n: S cuc gi trong mt gi ca thu bao. T: Thi gian trung bnh ca cuc gi. A: Lu lng mang 1 thu bao - n v tnh l Erlang. Theo gi tr thng k in hnh n v T nhn gi tr sau: n=1: Trung bnh 1 ngi 1 cuc trong mt gi.

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T=120s: Thi gian trung bnh ca cuc gi l 120s. Vy A = (1x120)/3600 = 0,033 Erlang = 33m Erlang. Nh vy phc v cho 1450 thu bao cn lu lng l 47,85 Erlang, t con s ny tnh ton s knh yu cu trong mng t ong. Nu mt thu bao cn lu lng l 33m Erlang, n s chim 3,3% thi gian 1 knh TCH. Vy vi 30 thu bao c lu lng l 33m Erlang s chim 100% thi gian 1 knh TCH nhng iu dn n tc nghn cao khng th chp nhn c. gim tc nghn ny phi gim ti xung bng cch tng s knh thch hp phi cn c vo tng lu lng v tng ng vi tc nghn c th chp nhn c. Nghn chp nhn c gi l cht lng phc v (Grade of Service) thng l 2-5%. Nh vy 1 vng phc v cho khong 1450 thu bao s c lu lng l 47,85 Erlang vi GOS=2% tng s TCH cn thit tnh theo bng GOS l 60 knh. Vng phc v c chia thnh 3 Cell.T kt qu trn ta c th lp mt d nh v t mt s trm gc BTS: Cell A B C Tng s 3 Cell Lu lng % 40 40 20 100% Erlang 19,14 19,14 9,57 49,5 S knh 22 22 14 58

Nh vy, Ti Bt Trng ta cn lp t mt trm BTS vi 3 hng khc nhau theo phn b 3 vng dn c. S dng BTS - Alcatel MBI5, vi gc phng v l 80/190/320 v tilt l 0/0/0. V hai cell A v cell B cn lp 22 knh lu lng. Nh vy ta cn c 3 TRX. V 3 TRX s c 3x8 = 24 knh vt l. Trong , ta cn 1 knh cho iu khin qung b BCCH ( Broadcast Control Chanel) v mt knh dng cho SDCCH . Vy s knh lu lng s l 24 - 2 = 22 knh TCH. Tng t cell C cn 14 knh lu lng,v vy ta cn c 2 TRX

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Nh vy th trm BTS cn lp t c cu hnh l: 3/3/2 Trong GSM, knh logic TCH dng cho kt ni thoi gia my u cui v trm BTS. Knh TCH c chia thnh 2 loi: knh ton tc (full rate) vi tc 16kb/s (13kb/s cho thoi) v knh bn tc (half rate) vi tc 8kb/s (6.5kb/s cho thoi). Khi s dng hon ton knh bn tc, dung lng mng truy cp c tng gp 2 ln, tuy nhin, t c yu cu v cht lng cuc gi khi s dng knh bn tc, mc thu ca my u cui phi t mc cao. Khi s dng knh bn tc HR, cn p dng k thut p ng a tc thch nghi AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate), vi vic p dng AMR, cht lng thoi c nng ln ng k khi s dng knh Half Rate. Nh tnh ton cu hnh trn, trm BTS lp t ti Bt Trng c cu hnh l 3/3/2 khi ta s dng knh TCH ton tc (Full Rate). Nhng v trn thc t, rt t thi im m tt c cc thu bao trong vng cng thc hin cuc gi. Chnh v th m nhng thi im m t ngi truy cp vo mng th cc knh lu lng s ri nhiu gy lng ph. V th tit kim m vn mang li c cht lng phc v tt th ta s s dng cu hnh 2/2/2 s dng knh ton tc vo gi thng (s ngi truy cp mng va phi) v khai bo ti BSC t ng chuyn sang dng knh bn tc (Half rate) khi lu lng truy cp mng tng vt qu mc ngng cho php. Nh vy khi lp t trm BTS Bt Trng ta ch cn xy dng cu hnh thp hn l 2/2/2 m vn mang li cht lng phc v tt. Cu hnh trm BTS MBO cu hnh 2/2/2 s dng thit b Alcatel bao gm s lng cc card nh sau: - 01 card SUMA; - 03 card ANC; - 03 TRE Twin (tng ng vi 06 TRE single) c b tr nh hnh 5.2 Trn y l nhng tnh ton ch cp n vic xy dng cu hnh cho trm BTS nhm phc v tt c lu lng kho st cho trc. Cn nhiu tnh ton khc cha c cp n, s tip tc nghin cu v hon thin thm trong cng vic thi gian ti.

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SUMA ANC TRE TWIN

Hnh 5.2: Cu hnh BTS MBO 2/2/2 5.2 Bo co Drive test cht lng mng ti Bt Trng H Ni Thc hin Drive Test trm Bt Trng v phn tch ta c kt qu sau: 5.2.1 Thng k cuc gi

5.2.2

Thng k KPIs DT ngy 15-10-2011

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5.2.3 Logfile call

RxLev

RxQual

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C/I

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Events

5.2.4 Logfile Scanning

Strongest Scanned RxLev

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Strongest Scanned BSIC

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5.2.5 Phn tch: Nhn xt: Cht lng trm tt.Cc gi tr KPI nhn chung tt.T l CSSR hi thp do xy ra 04 block call. Xy ra 04 block call cc trm : GLM_BAT_TRANG_2_B (BCCH: 90); GLM_BAT_TRANG_C (BCCH: 100); LBN_CU_KHOI_B (BCCH: 95); Do li khng hiu bn tin v khng gii m c bn tin knh SACCH; Khu vc khoanh trn b HO nhiu ch yu do chng ln vng ph gia GLM_BAT_TRANG_2_A v GLM_BAT_TRANG_2_B;

Khuyn ngh

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ng b ng h ng b ca cc trm b block call k trn. - Tng ngng HO (Rxlev) gia cell A v B ca trm GLM_BAT_TRANG_2.

Cp tilt sector GLM_BAT_TRANG_2_A t 0 xung 1 .

KT LUN
ti ca n trnh by nhng nt c bn nht v mng thng tin di ng GSM, nghin cu chc nng, nhim v, cu hnh phc v nhm p ng lu lng ca trm BTS s dng dng sn thit b ca hng Alcatel-lucent cng vi vic thc hin Drive Test trong cng tc ti u ha h thng cho mng VMS Mobifone. ti l mt cng vic kh khn v i hi ngi thc hin phi nm vng h thng thit b, ngoi ra cng cn phi c nhng kinh nghim thc t v tnh ton v s tr gip ca nhiu phng tin hin i c th gim st v kim tra ri t mi a ra cc cng vic thc hin. Qua thi gian thc hin em thy ti Thit k xy dng trm BTS phc v cho mt vng v kim tra hot ng trm BTS bng phng php o Driver Test l mt mng ti rng v lun cn thit cho cc mng vin thng hin ti ni chung v mng thng tin di ng ni ring. Kh nng ng dng ca ti l gip ch cho nhng ngi lm cng tc trong ngnh, l c s l thuyt phn tch v tin hnh, t hon ton c th tm ra gii php ti u khoa hc nht. Tuy nhin do thi gian thc hin c hn v trnh , kinh nghim cn hn ch nn trong qu trnh lm n em khng th trnh khi thiu st. Em rt mong c c nhng kin nh gi, gp ca cc thy, c v cc bn. Hy vong trong tng lai gn s tip tc c c hi tip tc nghin cu trn h thng thc t. Em xin chn thnh cm n. H Ni, thng 5 nm 2011 Sinh vin thc hin

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng GSM, Nh xut bn bu in, H Ni 1999. [2] V c Th, Tnh ton mng thng tin di ng s CELLULAR, Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 1999. [3] J. Dahlin, Ericssons Multiple Reuse Pattern For DCS 1800, in Mobile Communications International, Nov., 1996. [4] Asha K. Mehrotra, GSM System Engineering, Artech House, Inc Boston London 1996. [5] Phng K thut, Quy trnh o Drive Test trong mng v tuyn, Cng ty ITC, H Ni 2009 [6] Phng k thut, S tay BTS thit b Alcatel, Cng ty ITC, H Ni, 2009

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