BATANES

The islands of Batanes were settled by the Ivatans, an indigenous ethnic group that was Christianized
in 1685 by the Dominican friars. Despite efforts to promote the economy of the islands through the
growing of tobacco during the regime of Gov. Gen. Jose Basco, the provincial population did not
.significantly increase in proportion to the rest of the archipelago
This province is still completely rural. The severe climate during the typhoon months and the area’s
.virtual isolation are the factors that have contributed to the slow development of Batanes
Former Name: Concepcion
Land Area: 209.3 square kilometers
Capital: Basco
(Population: 12, 091 (1980
Principal Dialect: Ilocano
Income Classification: Sixth Class Province
No. of Cities: None
(No. of Municipalities: 6 (Basco, Itbayat, Ivana, Mahatao, Sabtang, and Uyugan
(No. of Municipal Districts: 1(Uyugan
Topography: Because of its geographical situation, the province is exposed to yearly typhoons that visit
the archipelago. The severity of climate is a major factor in the relative backwardness of the province
.compared to the rest of the country
No. of Principal Rivers: None
No. of Mountains: 5
.Climate: Typhoon season from July to October; heaviest rainfall is from August to November
Average Annual Rainfall: 90.46 inches
Principal products/crops: Yams, carrots, garlic and onions
Industries: Cattle-raising
Mineral Resources: Copper, manganese, sulphur, lead, and limestone
Forest Resources: Timber
Tourist Attractions: White Beach Resort in Basco
Governor: Telesforo F. Castillejos
Congressman: Florencio B. Abad

CAGAYAN
Cagayan boasts of many artistic Spanish-built churches which are relics of the Spanish colonization of
.the country. Many of these churches have historical markers
.A series of eight revolts, all of which were suppressed from 1589 to 1762, rocked the province
To the lover of nature, Cagayan province beckons with its Caraballo mountains, its lovely hills and
.mystic forests, its extensive valleys and its enchanting seas
Former Name: Catagayan
Land Area: 9,002.7 square kilometers
Capital: Tuguegarao
(Population: 711,476 (1980
Principal Dialects: Ibanag, Gaddang and Ilocano
Income Classification: First Class Province
No. of Cities: None
No. of Municipalities: 29 (Abulug, Alcala, Allacapan, Amulung, Aparri, Baggao, Ballesteros, Buguey,
Calayan, Camaliniugan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, Gonzaga, Iguig, Lal-lo, Lasam, Pamplona, Pena-
Blanca, Piat, Rizal, Sanchez- Mira, Santa Ana, Santa Praxedes, Sto. Niño- Faire, Santa Teresita,
(Solano, Tuao and Tuguegarao
No. of Municipal Districts: None
Topography: The province’s seashores are lined with coconut trees and nipa swamps are on the delta
of the Cagayan, Abulog, and other rivers. The eastern coasts are rugged and mountainous, and there
.are vast expanses of Babuyan islands consisting of Camiguin, Calayan, Babuyan, Fuga and Dalupiri
(No. of Principal Rivers: 4 (prominent are Chico and Pamplona
No. of Mountains: 19
Climate: A dry season from November to April characterizes the western and central portions. The
eastern part has no dry season, but also lacks a heavy rainy period. The coldest month is January; the
.warmest month is May
Average Annual Rainfall: 82inches
Principal products/crops: Rice, corn and tobacco
Industries: Logging (major industry), fishing and small-scale industries
Mineral Resources: Iron ore, phosphate rocks, china clay, and manganese
Forest Resources: Timber, almaciga, rattan, buho and nipa
Tourist Attractions: Punta Lakay-Lakay (Old Man) and Baket-Baket (Old Woman), Callao Cave, Dos
Hermanas Islands, Aparri Beach, and the Sta. Maria Bell in Camaliniugan (reputedly the oldest church
(.bell in the Philippines
Governor: Rodolfo Aguinaldo
(Congressman: Domingo A. Tuzon, Leoncio M. Puzon, Tito M. Dupaya (deceased
 IFUGAO
The Ifugao, a sub-tribal grouping of the Igorots, are native to the province. The Ifugaos are famous for
their daring skills. The mountain terraces which they fashioned from mountain slopes stand as
.engineering marvels and are the most famous in the mountain region
Internationally renowned as the eighth wonder of the world, the Banaue rice terraces constitute the
leading tourist destination in the Philippines. The Banaue of the Ifugao rice terraces cover an area of
nearly 400 square kilometers, and if the terraces were placed end to end, they would reach more than
.half-way around the earth
Those of Banaue, Hapao, and Hungduan are among the oldest in Luzon. Archaeological studies
indicate that it took the Ifugaos more than 2,000 years to build them. The stone-walled terraces of Ifugao
.are the highest, best built, and most extensive in the world
Former Name: None
Land Area: 2,517.8 square kilometers
Capital: Lagawe
(Population: 111,368(1980
(Principal Dialect: Ifugao (Igorot
Income Classification: Fifth Class Province
No. of Cities: None
No. of Municipalities: 10 (Aguinaldo, Banaue, Hingyon, Hungduan, Kiangan, Lagawe, Lamut,
(Mayaoyao, Potia, and Tinoc
Topography: Ifugao is extremely rugged with mountain ranges breaking the horizon. It has a high
.elevation
No. of Principal Rivers: None
(No. of Mountains: 5 (Tabayoc, Amuyao, Pulog, Kapilingan, and Sabangan
Climate: The province has a cool climate, dry season from November to April and rainy during the rest
.of the year
Average Annual Rainfall: 73.40 inches
Principal products/crops: Rice and corn
Industries: Logging, agriculture and tourism
Mineral Resources: Gold, silver, copper, zinc, cadium, and iron ore
Forest Resources: Timber
Tourist Attractions: The famous Banaue Rice Terraces, and the tribal villages
Governor: Benjamin B. Cappleman
Congressman: Gualberto B. Lumawig

ISABELA
Isabela is acknowledged as one of the rice granaries of the Philippines and its cigar-filler tobacco is
.said to be one of the world’s best
The province of Isabela originally consisted of the area known as Irraya (from Cagan to Ilagan), Diffun
(from Gamu to Cauyan), and Paniqui (from Cauyan to Nueva Vizcaya). Two of the original groups
.settlers of Isabela were the Negritos and the Ibanags
During the second phase of the Philippines Revolution, Isabela feel under the control of the
revolutionary forces, commanded by Col. Simeon Villa who established his headquarters in Carag. On
March 23, 1901, General Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans in the historic town of
.Palanan
Former Name: None
Land Area: 10,664.6 square kilometers
Capital: Ilagan
(Population: 870,604 (1980
Principal Dialects: Ilocano, Ilongot, and Negrito
Income Classifications: First Class Province
No. of Cities: None
No. of Municipalities: 37 (Alicia, Angadanan, Aurora, Benito, Soliven, Burgos, Cabagan, Cabatuan,
Cauyan, Cordon, Dinapiqui, Divilican, Echague, Gamu, Ilagan, Jones, Luna, Delfin Albano, Maconacon,
Malig, Naguilian, Palanan, Quezon, Quirino, Ramon, Reina, Mercedes, Roxas, San Agustin, San
Guillermo, San Isidro, San Manuel, San Mariano, San Mateo, San Pablo, Santa Maria, Santiago, Santo
(Tomas, and Tumauini
(No. of Municipal Districts: 2 (Divilican and Maconacon
Topography: Although the province lies along the typhoon belt, it is vulnerable only
on the north because two mountain ranges shield the province. Along its eastern portion extending close
to the coast is the Sierra Madre Mountain Range and on the west is the Cordillera Central. Between
.these two mountain ranges is a vast plain drained by the Cagayan River
(No. of Principal Rivers: 5(prominent are Cagayan and Magat
No. of Mountains: 8
Climate: The western portion of the province is usually dry for one to three months. The eastern part
has a climate characterized by continuous rainy weather. In this part of the province, rainfall is more or
 .less evenly distributed throughout the year
Average Annual Rainfall: 73.04 inches
Principal products/crops: Tobacco and rice
Industries: Logging (major industry), fishing and home industries such as pottery, hat weaving, salt
.making, broom making, and wine and vinegar manufacturing
Mineral Resources: Copper ore and manganese
Forest Resources: Timber
Tourist Attractions: Palpallatoc Resort, Tumauini Church, Magat River Irrigation Dam, Siffu Irrigation
.System, San Pablo Spanish Church, and the Naguilian Bridge
Governor: Faustino N. Dy
.Congressman: Rodolfo Albano, Simplicio B. Domingo Jr., Santiago B. Respicio, Antonio M. Abaya

KALINGA-APAYAO
Kalinga-Apayao is one of the country’s least explored and developed area’s. Of the four Mountain
Province’s, Kalinga-Apayao, which barely touches the northern coastline of Luzon, is the northern-most
(.territory. (The three other provinces are Benguet, Ifugao and Mountain Province
Agriculture is the principal source of income of the people of Kalinga-Apayao. The tribes of the province
are gradually adopting Christianity due to the missionary work of both the Catholic and the Protestant
.churches of the highlands
Kalinga-Apayao became a province when the sub-provinces of Kalinga and Apayao were combined on
.March 11, 1966 by virtue of Republic Act No. 4695
Former Name: None
Land Area: 7, 047.6 square kilometers
Capital: Tabuk
(Population: 185,063 (1980
Principal Dialects: Kalinga and Apayao
Income Classification: Fourth Class Province
No. of Cities: None
No. of Municipalities: 15 ( Balbalan, Calanasan, Conner, Flora, Kabugao, Lubuagan, Luna, Pasil,
(Pinukpok, Pudtol, Rizal, Santa Marcela, Tabuk, Tanudan, and Tinglayan
No. of Municipal Districts: None
Topography: Rugged terrain characterized by high mountain peaks and thick forests. Its highest
mountains are Mt. Alchanar (2,576 meters), Mt. Cauitan (2, 569 meters), Mt. Bangbanglang (2,464
.(meters), and Mt. Sapocoy (2, 456 meters
(No. of Principal Rivers: 2 (Sultan and Pasil
(No. of Mountains: 5 (Alchanar, Cauitan, Bangbanglang, Sapocoy, and Kabunian
Climate: There are no pRonounced seasons in the province. It is one of the coolest provinces in the
country because of its high elevation, which ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level. Peak
.rainfall period is from July to November
Average Annual Rainfall: 73.40 inches
Principal products/crops: Rice, sweet potato, orange, pineapple, banana, coconut and coffee
Industries: Logging (major industry), handloom weaving and woodcarving
Mineral Resources: Gold, zinc, copper and sulphur
Forest Resources: Narra, lauan, tanguile, mayapis. Benguet pine, rattan and almaciga
Tourist Attractions: “Sleeping Beauty Mountain”, Kabunian Mountain, natural caves of Luna, Balbalan
.and Lubuagan, and the legendary spring of Galdang in Pasil town
Governor: Lawrence B. Wacnang
Congressman: William F. Claver

NUEVA VIZCAYA
The history of Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the 1600s when the Spanish Expeditionary Forces moved
toward the north to convert the Filipinos to Christianity. There were many attempts made by the
Spaniards to advance north but because of the difficulty of going through the rugged terrain, it took them
.some years to reach this province
A number of Spanish missions were established in the region. The Dominicans in 1632 were followed
.by the Augustinians in 1717
Bayombong, the capital of Nueva Vizcaya, was founded in 1737. In 1896, Nueva Vizcaya was greatly
affected when Isabela and Cagayan fell into the hands of the revolutionary forces. The Spanish forces in
the province surrendered to Col. Jose Layba on September 15, 1898. The Igorots of the province,
.however, refused to cooperate with the revolutionary forces and fled to the mountains
Former Name: None
Land Area: 3,903.9 square kilometers
Capital: Bayombong
(Population: 241, 690 (1980
Principal Dialect: Ilocano
Income Classification: Fourth Class Province
No. of Cities: None
No. of Municipalities: 15 (Alfonso Castañeda, Ambaguio, Aritao, Bagabag, Bambang, Bayombong,
(Diadi, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kasibu, Kayapa, Quezon, Santa Fe, Solano, and Villa Verde
(No. of Municipal Districts: 2 (Ambaguio and Diadi
Topography: Generally mountainous with elevations rising as high as 1,500 meters. The eastern portion
near the Quezon boundary are vast virgin forest watered by several rivers. The Cagayan River flows
.from the southern part of the province
(No. of Principal Rivers: 2 (Cagayan is the longest
No. of Mountains: 21
Climate: No pronounced maximum rainy period and a relatively short dry season. The province is
.exposed to the southwest monsoon and is frequently visited by cyclonic typhoons
Average Annual Rainfall: 60 inches
Principal products/crops: Rice, coffee, and cacao
(Industries: Logging (major industry
.Mineral Resources: Manganese, gold, silver, copper, lead, pyrite, iron, feldspar and white clay
Forest Resources: Timber
Tourist Attractions: Dalton Pass, the Santa Fe mountain road, and the Salinas Salt Spring
Governor: Patricio G. Dumlao
Congressman: Carlos M. Padilla

QUIRINO
One of the youngest provinces in the country, Quirino is bigger than provinces of Bulacan, Laguna or
Cavite. The boundaries of the province extend to the Sierra Madre Mountain Range and as far as
Isabela. Quirino is rich in natural resources and its soil fertile enough for cultivation. It also has thick
.forests and its streams and rivers give the province a primeval setting
With 3,000 square kilometers and six municipalities, Quirino has a relatively small population at
approximately 83,000. Compared with Tarlac, Ilocos Norte and Lanao del Sur whose areas are close to
.that of Quirino, the province is one of the most sparsely populated in the country
Former Name: None
Land Area: 3,057.2 square kilometers
(Population: 83,230 (1980
Principal Dialect: Ilocano
Income Classification: Fifth Class Province
No. of Cities: None
(No. of Municipalities: 6 ( Aglipay, Cabarroguis, Diffun, Maddela, Nagtipunana, and Saguday
No. of Municipal Districts: None
Topography: Quirino is made up of undulating hills and mountains laced with small valleys and
.farmlands. There are caves in Diffun and Saguday which regularly attract visitors
No. of Principal Rivers: None
No. of Mountains: 1
Climate: No pronounced rainy period. There is also a short dry season between December and May.
.The province is exposed to the southwest monsoon and is frequently visited by cyclonic storms
Average Annual Rainfall: 54 inches
Principal products/crops: Rice, mango, pomelo, jackfruit, potato, and vegetables
Industries: Logging and furniture making
Mineral Resources: Manganese, iron, and white clay
Forest Resources: Timber
Tourist Attractions: The caves in Diffun and Saguday
Governor: Mariano J. Pimentel
Congressman: Jun Evangelista Cua