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SOlids - John Kotz
SOlids - John Kotz
FORCE FORCE Ion-ion Ion-ion Metallic Metallic Dipole Dipole Ind. . dipole Ind Ind. Extended Extended covalent covalent
Metallic , Fe Na Metallic Na, Na, Fe Molecular Molecular Ice, Ice, II2 2 Network Network Diamond Diamond Graphite Graphite
Graphite
Network Solids
CRYSTAL LATTICE
2. 2. Particles Particles are are CLOSE CLOSE together together 3. 3. STRONG STRONG IM IM forces forces A comparison of diamond (pure carbon) with silicon. 4. 4. Highly Highly ordered, ordered, rigid, rigid, incompressible incompressible
ZnS, ZnS, zinc sulfide
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Facecentered cubic (FCC) Simple cubic unit cell. Note that each atom is at a corner of a unit cell and is shared among 8 unit cells.
Face Face Centered Centered Cubic Cubic Unit Unit Cell Cell
Atom Atom at at each each cube cube corner corner plus atom in each cube cube face. face.
Crystal Crystal Lattices Lattices Packing Packing of of Atoms Atoms or or Ions Ions
Assume Assume atoms atoms are are hard hard spheres spheres and and that that crystals crystals are are built built by by PACKING PACKING of of these these spheres spheres as as efficiently efficiently as as possible. possible. FCC FCC is is more more efficient efficient than than either either BC BC or or SC. SC.
See Closer Look, pp pp. . 622-623
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Crystal Crystal Lattices Lattices Packing Packing of of Atoms Atoms or or Ions Ions
Packing of C 60 molecules. They are arranged at the lattice points of a FCC lattice.
Number Number of of Atoms Atoms per per Unit Unit Cell Cell
Unit Unit Cell Cell Type Type SC SC BCC BCC FCC FCC Net Net Number Number Atoms Atoms 1 1 2 2 4 4
Simple Simple Ionic Ionic Compounds Compounds Salts with formula MX can have SC structure but not salts with formula MX 2 or M 2X
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Even though their formulas have one cation and one anion, the lattices of CsCl and NaCl are different. The different lattices arise from the fact that a Cs+ ion is much larger than a Na + ion.
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