Biochemical Reaction

Rahaf Aljahdali Group 5

Gram Stain
Gram +ve Gram -ve

Cocci

Bacilli

Bacilli

Cocci

Chain

Cluster

LF

NLF

Cocobacilli DIplococci

Gram +ve cocci

Catalase
is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in reproductive reactions

QC

coagulase Absence of bubbles Streptococcus +ve Catalase is aStaphylococcus protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin . Enterococcus . Staph species (cluster )
produce bubbles it is used to distinguish between different types of Staphylococcus isolates . It is also produced by Yersinia pestis.

+ve

-ve

QC
+ve
Staphylococcus aureus
Macroscopic Clumping

-ve
NO Clumping

Novobicin
is an aminocoumarin antibiotic that is produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces niveus,

sensitive
staph.Epidermis

Staph.saprophyticus

Resistance

Confirmatory DNase
A deoxyribonuclease (DNase,) is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone. .

+ve
Staphylococcus aureus

-ve
Staph. Epidermis staph,saprophyticus Klebsiella.pneumoniae

-ve Catalase Stept species (chain)

Alpha hymolysis Stept species

Beta hymolysis Stept species

Gamma hymolysis Stept species

Optichin test

Ethylhydrocupreine Bacitracin test is a chemical used in cell culture techniques for the presumptive identification of Streptococcus.

- antibiotic interfere 6.5% NaCl with the -ve +ve synthesis of peptidoglycan Group Enterococcus D ( major component of cell wall )

*1 Bile esculin +ve sensitive Strept. Pyogenes Resistance strept.Agalactiae

sensitive Resistance strept.Pneumoniae strept.Viridance

*2Camp Test +ve

*1 Bile Esculine test : Selective and differential media for both based on the ability of an organism to hydrolyze Esculine in the presence of bile . Content : Nutrients , Esculine , Ferric citrate +ve the media ( yellow ) turn black

*2 Camp Test:
identify strept.Agalactiae It is frequently used to identify Listeria spp. +ve arrow appearance of hemolysis

Gram +ve Bacilli

Listeria
C.diphtheriae

Bile esculine = +ve Catalase = +ve Growth at 4c Tumbling motility Neonate meningitis

*3 Elek test Chineese letter Urinary tract infection

*3 Elek test :
Elek's test, also known as the immuno diffusion technique, is an in vitro virulence test performed upon Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is used to test for toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae.

Steps :
Horizontal lines: toxin-producing bacteria to be tested.

Vertical rectangle: filter paper soaked with antitoxin antibodies.

White lines: place where the filter paper and bacteria meet are lines of precipitation.

Gram -ve Cocci

Diplococcus Kidney shape

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria meningitis Sucrose & maltose fermenting

Moraxella

Gloucose fermenting
Chocolate agar 5-10 co2 Green glistening

No sugar fermenting

Grey glistening

Coccobacilli

Catalase +ve Dnase +ve Blood agar Chocolate agar

Haemophilus influenzae
*4 Satellitism test

Brucella

Bordetella

oxidase+ve catalase +ve brucella agar Castaeda agar

charcoal cephalexin agar Bordet-Gengou agar

*4 Satellitism test : Using blood agar and its confirmatory test for H.influenzae . Steps : strait ( horizontal ) line from staph.Aureus which contain toxin (staphylo lysine ) that lysis the blood and produce X and V factor for H.influnzae . spread the H.influnzae over the plate growth of H.influnzae around the line X and V factor : in Mueller hinton agar

- x and v growth factors - used for differentiation of haemophulis spp X factor hemin ( inside the body) -V factor Nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (outside the body Y X and V factor H.influenzae and H.aegyptius . X only H.ducreyi . V Only H.parainflunzae

Gram -ve Bacilli

Lactose Ferment Indole test

is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to split indole from the amino acid tryptophan

Non Lactose Ferment oxidase test

The oxidase test is a test used in microbiology to determine if a bacterium produces certain cytochrome c oxidases.

- contain chromogenic reducing agent

QC +ve E.coli Methyle red

Differentiate between E.coli and klebsiella -ve klebsiella

QC
+ve P.aeruginosa campylobacter helicobacter vibrio -ve Salmonella Shigella Protus

Serology

QC O-H
+ve E.coli -ve klebsiella +ve (o) shigella (capsule) +ve (o&H) salmonella (Capsule & flagella )

If Indole ve oxidase ve Do *5 API 20E

*5 API 20E test :

The API 20E/NE fast identification system combines some conventional tests

and allows the identification of a limited number of Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae or non-Enterobacteriaceae. The test systems are stored in 20 small reaction tubes, which include the substrates. An identification is only possible with microbiological culture. To guarantee a comparability of different samples, follow the introductions of the manufacturer