GSM

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications formerly called as Groupe Spcial Mobile. This is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (or "2G") digital cellular networks. The GSM standard initially was used originally to describe switched circuit network for full duplex voice telephony to replace first generation analog cellular networks The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS(General packet radio service). Packet data transmission speeds were later increased via EDGE. The GSM standard is succeeded by the third generation (or "3G") UMTS standard developed by the 3GPP. GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (or "4G") LTE Advanced standards. "GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are

assigned in some countries because they were previously used for firstgeneration systems.

India

GSM 900 GSM 900/1800

5 carriers 3 carriers

Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided into timeslots for individual phones to use. This allows eight full-rate or sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots (or eight burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is 4.615 ms. The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM850/900 and 1 watt in GSM1800/1900

One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber Identity Module, commonly known as a SIM card. The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the user's subscription information and phone book. This allows the user to retain his or her information after switching handsets. Alternatively, the user can also change operators while retaining the handset simply by changing the SIM. Some operators will block this by allowing the phone to use only a single SIM, or only a SIM issued by them; this practice is known as SIM locking. We are be using SIM300 GSM Module in our Project. SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine from SIMCOM Ltd., that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS 1900

MHz. SIM300 features GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) and supports the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm , SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirement in an application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile device. The physical interface between SIM300 and the mobile application is through a 60 pins board-to-board connector, which provides all hardware interfaces from module to customers boards except the RF antenna interface.

The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop customized applications.

Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications.

Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker outputs. These audio interfaces can be easily configured by AT command.

One ADC input

 Two GPIO ports and SIM card detection port

Both 1.8V and 3.0V SIM Cards are supported. The SIM interface is powered from an internal regulator in the module having nominal voltage 2.8V. All pins reset as outputs driving low.

Reference circuit of 6PIN SIM card

You can use AT Commands "AT" meaning attention , to communicate with the SIM card. The SIM interface supports the functionality of the GSM Phase 1 specification and also supports the functionality of the new GSM

Phase 2+ specification for FAST 64 kbps SIM (intended for use with a SIM application Tool-kit). The "AT" or "at" prefix must be set at the beginning of each command line. To terminate a command line enter <CR>. Commands are usually followed by a response that includes <CR><LF><response><CR><LF>.

Testing and General commands for GSM

1. Steps to test the GSM Module We can use the PC Hyper Terminal to interact with the GSM Module. First insert the SIM card to the GSM Module, Connect the Serial cable RS232 to the PC via DB9 pin connector on the GSM Module. Give the power supply. The power supply indicating LED will be ON continuously. Another LED on the Module starts blinking to indicate the availability of network.

If the network is available then the delay between the blinking is less. If the network is not available then the delay between the blinking is more. Each GSM modem will have a unique id called IMEI. Open Hyper Terminal in the PC , apply the below settings Connect using Bits per second Data bits Parity Stop bits Flow control COM1 9600 8 None 1 None

Type AT on HyperTerminal and press ENTER OK will be display as a response from the GSM Module. AT OK Below are few more commands and response from the Module

AT+CGMI

- To check Manufacturer Identification

FLYFOT M260 MODEM OK

AT+CGMM MULTIBAND 900 1800 1900 OK

2. Commands in detail

A . Manufacturer identification +CGMI Description: This command gives the manufacturer identification. Syntax: Command syntax: AT+CGMI

B. New message indication +CNMI Description: This command selects the procedure for message reception from the network. Syntax : Command syntax : AT+CNMI=<mode>,<mt>,<bm>,<ds>,<bfr>

C. Send message +CMGS

Description : The <address> field is the address of the terminal to which the message is sent. To send the message, simply type, <ctrl-Z> character (ASCII 26). The text can contain all existing characters except <ctrl-Z> and <ESC> (ASCII 27). This command can be aborted using the <ESC> character when entering text. In PDU mode, only hexadecimal characters are used (09,AF). Syntax : Command syntax in PDU mode : AT+CMGS= <length> <CR> PDU is entered <ctrl-Z / ESC >

The message reference, <mr>, which is returned to the application is allocated by the product. This number begins with 0 and is incremented by one for each outgoing message (successful and failure cases); it is cyclic on one byte (0 follows 255).

3. Few Worked Examples

Command to send SMS

AT+CMGS="9845843843" > HI +CMGS: 9 OK

at+cpin? +CPIN: READY

// To check network connectivity

AT+COPS? +COPS: 0,0,"Hutch-Kamataka"

AT&F OK

// To store Factory default

// Use the next 2 commands if we face any problem to send and receive SMS. // If we type SMS send command, then error comes. // If we enable in SMS receive command, then the SMS received will be in numbers and alphabets format. AT+CMGF=1 OK AT+CMGR=1 +CMGR: "REC READ","+919880147756",,"10/03/08,17:48:53+22" Ok

Command to set in receive mode

AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 OK

+CMT: "+919845843843",,"10/05/12,08:18:40+22" characters SYSTEM STARTS

// Total 45

AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0 OK

+CMT: "+919845843843",,"09/12/25,23:44:42+22" Hello

List of other SIM 300 AT Commands in Detail

AT+CBC? - To check for Battery Starus

<n> 0: battery not

+CBC: n,m OK +CBC: (0-3), (0-100) OK +CBC: n,m OK +CME ERROR 3 Note: not support

AT+CBC=?

in charge 1: battery in charge

AT+CBC

2: battery full 3: battery low

AT+CBC=1

<m> 0: battery level 0 25: battery level 1 50: battery level 2 75: battery level 3 100: battery level 4 This

AT+CGMI

command gives the manufacturer identification .

AT+CGMI Note: Get manufacture identification

FLYFOT MODEM OK

Interfacing the GSM Module with Microcontroller .

A SIM card is inserted to the GSM module. After checking as shown in the steps above, RS232 cable is directly connected between DB9 of the module and the DB9 on the controller port. This establishes the serial communication between them. The GSM commands embedded in the controller takes care to communicate with the GSM Module via RS232 cable-MAX232-Serial I/O pins of the Controller.

D B9 SO C KET M ALE uC 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 C O N 3

D B9 S O C KE T M A LE G SM 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 C O N 4

D B9 SO C KET FEMALE 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 C O N 5

+5V U 16 1 2 3 4 Tx R x Vcc G N D G SM

GSM

DB9 MALE CONNECTOR

GSM MODULE

+5V C 6 1 0 .1 u F 2 C 7 0 .1 u F 1 C 8 0 .1 u F VC C 1 1 C 1+ V+ V2 6 2 C 9 0 .1 u F 2 T 2 IN R 2O U T T 1 IN R 1O U T 10 9 11 12 1 2 3 4 D B9 SO C KET 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 C O N 2 C 12 0 .1 u F C 1C 2+ 2 1 5 7 8 14 13 C 2T2O U T R 2 IN T1O U T R 1 IN U 4 16 M A X232

15

G N D

TXD R XD

MAX232

GSM Send SMS Flow Chart

Test GSM Module after inserting SIM as shown in steps above and connect it to the Controller

Initialize using AT Enter command Use ASCII value of Enter = 0x0D

Command Format AT+CMGS=mob num Enter which will transmitted serially to GSM module through UART0 of the Controller Send AT+CMGS= String

Send 0x22(ASCII value of )

Send Mobile number

Send 0x22(ASCII value of )

Send 0x0D(ASCII value of carriage return)