Have a sound knowledge of current learning theories...

Meghan Walton

While there are many different learning theories used within the classroom, the learning theory used most in the classroom I have been observing is the Social Cognitive Theory. The Social Cognitive Theory involves modelling, with a central focus on maintaining attention through the use of explanations and verbal cues as well as step-by-step instructions (McInerney & McInerney, 2010, p.193). Reinforcement is both intrinsic and vicarious with behaviour from previous circumstances and then used in new situations (McInerney & McInerney, 2010, p.193). According to McInerney & McInerney (2010) the Social Cognitive Theory also relies on immediate and positive corrective feedback as well as effective peer and adult interactions (p.193). Ojanen & Little (2010) suggest that the social context shapes the development of psychological and behavioural processes. Culture, peers and relationships all produce dependencies in social and cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes and it is vital to take each childs individual circumstances into consideration. (Ojanen & Little, 2010, p.437) This is evident in the classroom as each child has specific needs that are met by the staff when completing an array of tasks. For instance when the teacher hands out a worksheet, they provide an A3 copy of the worksheet at the board, and show the students how to complete the task and give specific directions (also using Board Maker Icons) to show the necessary steps to complete the task. These steps are changed depending on the level the child is at, especially with the ESL and Aspergers Syndrome children. By modelling the teacher is showing the correct procedures and behaviours related to the set task. The school also promotes positive social behaviours by finding staff, parents and students who will work together to reduce bullying and ... promote healthy relationships (Fuller, 2008, p.116). This is evident in the modelling of both staff and senior students towards the junior levels, to ensure that they understand and respect one another, despite differences in culture, religion and socio-economic background. The Social Cognitive Theory is utilised because research suggests that highly structured task[s] [are] more effective (Van Gog & Rummel, 2010, p.159) therefore through modelling and maintaining structure with tasks, the children are attentive and learn more in an effective learning environment.