FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT (ECV3902) GROUP 9
PROFESSIONAL TALK 5 By: Ir. Amir Ismail

NAME MATRIC NO. LECTURER T. ASSIST.

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Date Time Venue Speaker Title

: 1st April 2013 : 1500-1645 : Seminar Room 1, Faculty of Engineering UPM : Ir. Amir Ismail : Bridge Engineering

Ir. Amir Bin Ismail is an associate engineer at KL Prima Consult Sdn. Bhd. He obtained his Bachelor of Civil Engineering and Master Science from University of Wales and he is also the professional engineer of MIEM. The evolution of bridge was started over than 1000 BC. Previously, bridge was arranged by using rocks for man to pass by a river. It then developed when stones were used and there are many shapes and designs were built. Since before, the bridge has high aesthetic value even there is no formal architects or engineers involved. Shape was said as one of the art. Even in Mona Lisa paint, there is a bridge behind the Mona Lisa. There are also a lot of other paints that had the picture of bridges. Most common bridge shape is the arch. As we know, arch shape has higher strength compared to other shape. This shows that the oldies had discovered this fact a long time ago. During the time, bridge was built not only for transportation or connecting two different places but also has other functions. For example, Khaju Bridge in Isfahan and Allahverdi Khan Bridge has been designed for pedestrian and has gallery in its structure. Besides, its design enables people to rest since there are some spaces for people to relax.
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There are many types of bridges according to their functions: 1. Road or Highway Bridges - bridge on roads and highways 2. Railway Bridges - bridge on railways 3. Flyover or Overpass Bridges - bridges for grade-separation with other roads, highways or railways at intersection 4. Viaducts - bridges to support elevated roads, highways, or railways, which are built mainly at where ground space is limited in urban area or embankment is difficult for ground is soft 5. Footbridges - for pedestrian crossing

Generally, bridges have 2 types which are fixed and moveable. Fixed bridge is the bridge that cant move and it is usually classified by their geometry whereas moveable bridge has more complex structure that requires some mechanical mechanisms. Examples of moveable bridges are such as Bascule Bridge and Swing Bridge. Moveable bridges are designed to allow ships or transportation by providing an opening for the bridges. Bridges are design with several types of span. There are simple spans, continuous span, cantilever span and cantilever span or suspended span. These types of spans provide different operations of the design. For the cantilever spans, the bridge will be built from 2 different sides of bridge where it requires high precision. A little mistake could contribute to unconnected bridge parts and this will give problems to connect them perfectly. It must be balanced during construction to avoid this problem. Bridge design can be followed by ultimate limit state design or serviceability limit state design. Both are commonly be used in Malaysia.

Most of bridges are arch bridge, Frame Bridge, extradosed bridge and truss bridge. These structures are defined from the structures itself. Another one type of bridge is the cable stay bridge which can be seen at Penang Bridge. While the approval stages for construction of bridges including: DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION Preliminary design

PLANNING STAGE Demand for bridge construction Definition of requirement and condition Alternative plan

USE & MAINTENANCE

Use and maintenace

Detailed design

Construction

Evaluation and selection Bridges should be designed and constructed according to specifications needed. A small mistake could make thousand people dead. Previous bridge failure had shown that prevention is better than cure and engineers should take important consideration in this case. Ir. Amir had given us so many new information regarding bridges which we dont even know before this. He also encourages us to appreciate arts that lie in our lives every day in everything.