Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Philosophy of Education
Philosophy of Education
Philosophy of Education 1
Alfonse Javed
Liberty University
Philosophy of Education
religion impacts education. One way or another they are essential parts for any society;
and in absence of any of them leads a society to total deplore. Morally, socially, and
economically strong nations always go back to the basic teachings of their religious
institutions. Even those who believe in no god or in many gods practice some sort of
religious belief. Without such beliefs, there would not be any existence of social ethics
and values. Social ethics and values are void without religious influence on Education.
The connection between religion and education is so strong that tearing apart one of them
can paralyze the other. Principles and ethics for a college professor depend on his
It is not possible to separate the religious beliefs from what someone’s teaches or
what students learn in a school. Moreover, ethics and values in a society are a direct
Christianity, and it is a fact that Christians in the West are going away from their religious
duties, values, and ethics in name of socialism, humanism, and equal rights. The rest of
the world, and particularly the Middle East, use education as a supportive instrument to
strengthen their religious beliefs. The religious institution rules over the educational
religious ties that the citizen of that country may abide to. Subsequently, today the
American youth does not know about their beliefs and Islam is getting more and more
powerful. Muslim youth know their background and where they are heading. Asian
students are apparently hold high ethical values than white American students. There
Philosophy of Education 1
domestic culture and the values of their families have developed such high and strong
ethics inside of them that it is very difficult to influence them. However, they are not
isolated from Western influence. There is a big difference between the Western and the
Eastern worldview of education. In the West, the religion does not play any significant
role in education system, matter the fact this idea has been discoursed. Where in the East
America has taken Christian teachings out of schools in the name of democracy.
Dewey (1958), argues that democracy is a much broader topic than its political form. He
writes, “the foundation of democracy is faith in the capacities of human nature; faith in
human intelligence and in the power of pooled and cooperative experience” [59]. A social
belief that holds the idea that it is a natural gift that someone practices power with the
ability and the right to control the conduct of others “laying down principles and rules
and directing the ways in which they are carried out.” The argument goes on, “it would
be foolish to deny that much can be said for this point of view. It is that controlled human
relations in social groups for much the greater part of human history” [59]. If it is true,
than man is trying to take control and while doing so are rejecting the authoritative one,
Sovereign God. Kagan & Lang (1978) writes in their books that “Schools attempt to
teach each pupil the values, motives, and character traits our society believes each citizen
should possess.” [p.35] Civil War brings big change in society, it changed the American
values. In 1800 A.D., religious and secular jingles were part of the book, and encouraged
students to be faithful to Christianity. “ ‘Thy life to mend, God’s Book attend’ and warns
against laziness ‘The idle Fool, is whipt at School’ ” [pp. 36]. Further talking about
Christianity and values writers say, “conflict over the proper balance among achievement,
Philosophy of Education 1
friendship, and Christian morality are still apparent in the ways schools teach children to
become American.” Until late 1800 American youth were well aware of their Christian
Chilcott, Greenberg, & Wilson (1968) write, “In America, education itself is a
value; it is to education that the citizen often turns as he seeks satisfaction and meaning
for his life” [162]. The American nation as a whole gets their first knowledge of values
from public schools. In this regards “the task of education is acculturative, and the
discontinuity between the school and other socializing agents in the community may have
far reaching effects on the behavior and participation level of these individuals as
adults”[162]. When it comes to the point where someone has to analyze the values of
American society, or educational values most of the time it refers to the formal religious
commitments. There are Christian sects who believe that naturally, man was a man of
virtue; according to secular writer Emerson, “Each individual was essentially a part of the
great over soul and his unspoiled inclination was to seek and maintain contact with the
sublime” [179].
However, if someone were to see today’s high school picture it is hard to find any
moral values. America has the highest rates of teen pregnancy and births in the
Institutes (2006) provides statistics regarding Teen pregnancy rates: there are over
750,000 teen pregnancies annually. Eight in ten of these pregnancies are unintended and
81% are to unmarried teens. After increasing 23% between 1972 and 1990 to an all-time
high, the teen pregnancy rate for girls aged 15-19 declined 36% between 1990 and 2002
(the most recent year that nationally-representative data is available). Put another way,
Philosophy of Education 1
after reaching 117 pregnancies per 1,000 teens aged 15-19 in 1990, the teen pregnancy
rate declined to 75 pregnancies per 1,000 females aged 15-19 in 2002. Most of the
Eastern countries do not have such problem. Their social ethical laws are stronger than
constitutional law. The discouragement of such behavior through social ties, and
restriction for media to play any immoral drama and movie has reduced the chances of
considered as ignorance.
Violence is another big issue in High schools; it shows that American youth is
morally decayed. Although many studies have been done to find out either gender, race,
and socio-economic factors that are related to violence in schools and conflict resolution;
still there are so many complications regarding this subject. It needs more efforts, time,
surveys, and studies to help those who are seeking a way out for conflict. There is no
doubt that today both boys and girls are involved in violence, it is not any more gender
preference. The society has changed over the years, and with the passage of time the
differences between the ways little girls and little boys display anger and aggression have
shifted as well. Girls are breaking down barriers and diminishing the differences between
their levels of achievement. The girls are not limited to hidden and indirect aggression
but they are turning to physical violence as well. Today the girls’ behaviors is not
isolated, and they challenge traditional ways of thinking at a very basic level. Yet, in
general, mostly older male students rather than female are involved in weapon carrying in
school. More specifically, Hispanics are more active in such acts than whites are and
blacks more than Hispanics. It is also has to do with geographic locations; mostly these
students who are involved in violence with weapon carrying are from urban areas. The
Philosophy of Education 1
weapons are more likely to be carried by urban students than in suburban or rural
geographic locations. These weapons which are carried by students to school can be
listed as: guns, starter guns, and toy pistols; knives; brass; box cutters; mace; pipes;
smoke bombs; slapsticks; ax handles; tire irons; a sock with a pool ball inside; scissors;
hatchets; hammers. Razor blades; and bullets. However, students are more likely to carry
knives than any other weapon. The sad fact is this that the weapons in schools are not
brought in by students only but also teachers. When teachers are encouraging such
behavior how would they stop students to bring weapons in the classroom.
There are four main reasons which are told by students for why they carry
weapons. First, to protect themselves against possible aggressors. Second, showing off to
impress friends. Third, to make themselves feel important. Fourth, to emulate their
friends. Why do they need protection? They do not they have security of life because
there is no religious moral values; good ethics encourage a society to provide a safe place
for habilitation. Christian beliefs are based on Love, and care. Christ sums up the Old
Testament commands into one command to love God and love your neighbor. When
some societies lack such love, they suffer violence, hatred, immorality and ultimately
destruction. Islam teaches brotherhood. Since the state and religion are the same
institution it is the duty of an Islamic Government to make sure that youths are getting an
Islamic education. Regardless of their interest, they have to study Islam, which promises
them a better life, better future, and hope that their good values and ethics will straighten
the path for them in the coming life. Islam is the most rapidly growing religion, and the
most common conflicts in the world somehow connect to Islam. Regardless of racial
by the Qur’an. Geographical setting can bring few changes in organizational framework
but overall the Muslim brotherhood is influencing the world for Islamic education.
“According to the Muslim Brothers every citizen is guaranteed the freedoms of thought,
Khomeini, the Islamic ruler or governor must be learned in Islamic law, and he must be
just. Such is the importance of the law that even the ruler must seek the guidance of the
theologians: ‘thus the real governors are the theologians themselves, and thus government
must rightfully belong to the theologians, not those who, due to their ignorance of the
law, must follow their guidance’” [179]. Religious institutions are more powerful than
any other institution. The Impact of Islam on education in Islamic countries is evident of
their well-mannered and ethical behaviors toward older people, parents, immediate and
extended family, friends and community. It is forbidden to talk about sex in class or with
teachers, friends, or parents. It is very personal, no one is allow to talk about it. Sexual
immorality is discouraged on all its stages. Violence inside the community (as Muslim
brotherhood) is very rare. Most of the cases are resolved by family members or Alders in
the society before it gets to court. The decision of a teacher or older person is considered
as final authority.
To reduce the weapon carrying and to prevent the school from all kind of violence
behavior, three methods are being used by a few schools. Education: It provides
information and teaches skills. Many schools are starting an assortment of violence
general education about violence and its impact on the live of students , their families,
Philosophy of Education 1
and their communities. Legal Regulatory Change: It includes laws or rules that may
reduce the risk of violent behavior and of students’ carrying weapons. Environmental
surveillance methods. Nevertheless, metal detectors might create a false opinion about a
school’s environment. The students are going to think that the school environment is
unsafe. Therefore, security patrols are good idea as long as it stays confidential.
A common person has a desire to practice his religious beliefs, if state’s law
allows such practice. Education is a simple instrument to promote the religious beliefs.
Someone perhaps would not agree but Webster defines education as the process of
educating or teaching. Education is further defined as "to develop the knowledge, skill, or
character of..." Thus, from these definitions, someone might assume that the purpose of
understand the full meaning of above mentioned definitions it is essential to define words
such as develop, knowledge, and character. When someone will attempt to define such
words, ultimately it will include religious belief of a person who is defining such terms.
Collectively, it totally depends on the religious beliefs of such a society who intends to
define each word (develop, knowledge, and character) into a certain cultural setting.
Education reflects the beliefs of someone who teaches in his or her teachings. Eavey
religion; but essentially and fundamentally it is the life of God in the soul, Christian
education is the record of objective facts connected with that education which centers in
God.”
Today’s most reputed and famous schools which are considered as liberal schools
were founded on the basis of Christianity. Moreover, for a long time these Bible
institutions were committed to their call and mission statement. Witmer (1962) writes,
“the first, Harvard, was essentially a Bible college in its early years. In a pamphlet
published in 1754. President Clap of Yale declared that ‘Colleges are Societies of
Ministers, for training up Persons for the Work of the Ministry,’” [27]. The question is
where is that passion, why is it not the focal center of all education institutions anymore,
how will the American government abundantly use scripture in class, why is it illegal to
The Biblical authority is the most important element in the Christian philosophy
of Education. There are many people and educators who have been rejecting the authority
of the Bible, there objections were proven wrong and it is still same today. The
modernists are attacking the Bible and trying to convince people that old truths are not
truths but their modern lies are truths. How is it possible that the theory or approach
which was acceptable at one point of time is not a valid anymore? As Witmer mention the
names of Harvard and Yale, they were founded on base of the Biblical authority and
throughout the last century. Why can this philosophy not be used today? As a matter of
fact, throwing the Bible out of the education system, and eliminating Biblical authority
from society is an approach which has been used for political reasons.
Clark (1988) writes, ““The liberal churchmen of 1918 wanted to hang the Kaiser
Philosophy of Education 1
for alleged atrocities in Belgium; but later they were thorough going pacifist, urging
college students to take an oath not to defend our country even if attacked. For a time in
the thirties the Christian Century was favorably inclined toward Hitler, presumably
light of history someone can discover a deep connection between religion institutions and
and religion is responsible for a divisive polarity which some people have called
should preserve, reduce, or expand its accommodation to religion has a long and
continuing history” [pp.7]. There are few states in America that provide free exercise of
religion and freedom under establishment clauses. The United States’ constitution holds
different statements than most state constitutions in regards of religious freedom and
practice. “the Constitution of the United States, in contrast to most state constitutions, did
not appeal to God-a deliberate omission. Until the First Amendment, the document
referred to religion in only three instances.” [pp.9]Article VI, Section 3, said, “No
religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under
the United States”[pp.9]. The history is evident of religion being the most effective
institution to change the philosophy of the human mind. Education always revolves
around religious ties. Today, the main religions; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, found
their philosophy of education in the teaching of their holy books depending on scholars
who were skilled to interpret the scripture. The Early Church set the boundaries and left a
Philosophy of Education 1
wide-open horizon to discover more about the purpose of human kind. This open horizon
has given an opportunity to many scholars to come up with their theories regarding the
philosophy of education. Dr. Lawrence states, that this time period saw a continuing
growth of the commercial middle class. The people wanted a stronger centralized state.
Eventually the states would break with religious schools and structure their own with a
stress on literacy in order to read the Bible. Currently public schools stress literacy but,
unfortunately, not to read the Bible. Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Erasmus introduced
new education system but yet idealism, theistic realism, and neo-scholasticism are the
products of the same struggle and adventure to find the meaning of life. Among all the
church fathers who tried to incorporate the educational institution with the Church in
order to generate a solid defense against the heretics, one name which stands out is St.
Thomas Aquinas. St. Thomas saw all sides of a question and it is a well-known fact that it
which was not proposed and answered by St. Thomas. In the "Summa Theological" alone
ten thousand objections are proposed and answered. Thus St. Thomas pressed reason into
the service of faith. The church and school under Roman influence was not pure, which
left unanswered questions for those critiques and scholars who were looking for some
recognition. They were not under the influence of the Holy Spirit, but under Roman and
Greek philosophical ways of thinking. Reasoning and logic were the main focus of their
conversation. Believing that what God has revealed and spoken is not true, real, and
valuable because it is not seen with the eye, can have eternal consequences. While it
seems only logical to view a thing before thinking on it, and reasoning before judging a
Liberty University, he writes in his introduction for history of education class that the
sight of the eyes and feelings of the heart can be tricked and deceived. Thoughts are
formed on the basis of what one sees, when it is established that sight is unreliable. And
what is righteous to the man ends in death when he is the one who defines it. It is so
complicated to define “education” its all about the perspective of someone who is
defining it, but again the culture and surrounding circumstances can cause deception
Gagne (1985) talks about cognitive psychology that “at a general level, it
conceives of learning as an active process and suggests that teaching involves facilitating
active mental processing by students.” Although cognitive psychology is one of the most
rapidly growing branches of psychology this claim sharply contradicts the behaviorist
reveals how the mind processes can cause cognitive change. According to Gagne, “These
ideas have implication for how teaching can most effectively influence the development
of competence.” This book describes that many theoretical frameworks are being used
recently. The list which is provided by the writer includes Schemas, prepositional
networks, logics, and cognitive maps, and a few other terms to describe mental
and spread of activation. Gagne adopted John R. Anderson theory as framework for
cognitive psychology. He describes two reasons why Anderson’s theory is useful for
educators. First, his theory distinguishes between declarative and procedural knowledge.
And second, it deals with the learning processes. He emphasizes skills and subject matter
about pattern recognition versus action sequence procedures under the topic of cognitive
psychology. Action sequence procedures are sequences of actions coupled with pattern
are related with each other in terms of performances in process of learning, both are
distinct from each other. Learning process includes generalization and discriminations:
discrimination restricts this range. The learning process of a student also gets influenced
by surroundings, teachers, classmates, immediate family and extended family. Ethics and
values are something, which bring to the debate that of nature vs. nurture. However, the
learning process most of the time falls into the nurture category. In the case of why today,
the students in high schools are unaware of those values and ethics, which were the core
motive of schools. Kagan & Lang (1978) talks about the duties of schools that “Schools
attempt to teach each pupil the values, motives, and character traits our society believes
each citizen should possess” [p.35]. Clark (1988) writes, “More than ever the Christian
people of America need to be impressed with the necessity for Christian education”
[xvii]. Muslims are trying to dominate the world with their double edge sword, one side
is dipped with blood and the other side speaks about peace, humanity, and love. The
division of both ideologies meet on the same point, they portrait themselves having
conflict with each other to show the world. Nevertheless, the both groups are determined
to accomplish same task. Islam is spreading in the West so fast and the biggest reason for
conversions is the attractions of religious ethics and values. Dr. Holland writes on
Religious Rights for Religious Children in 21st Century Education, in this article he
Philosophy of Education 1
supports America for its legal concerns about the Separation of Church and State. He
writes that “Americans continually express their concerns for the concept of separation of
church and state by their acceptance of and support for a free exercise of a personal and
American history and how religion has played a big role in the formation and
development of American society. He writes, “If we cannot agree to focus on the true
history of America’s religious past, it will be to the detriment of America’s heritage and
America’s history. History is not the only subject being revised and slanted in our public
schools. The same thing is occurring in Literature. Anthologies are rightly weighted with
the “correct proportions” of female and minority writers. This is appropriate only if equal
accesses to religious writers are made a part of that same curriculum.” Throwing the
historical evidence away is not the solution of all problems. The history of a nation works
as a torch to show the path, to determine the right direction. There are many who claim
that America was not founded on the basis of Christianity, nor do they acknowledge the
efforts made by fathers of the nation to build a free nation under one God.
All immoral and violent behaviors are cased by low ethical standards. Further
more, the violence in the schools; the behavioral issues of the youth are subject to their
learning process. What they have seen others doing, they would like to do. Schools are
the place where they can find either good things or bad. The mental capacity of
understanding does not allow them to investigate and find the reality. Naturally they
adapt whatever their schools gives them. Religion has been separated from State but it
does not mean that religion does not influence the education. No one can teach without
having his or her worldview, and Biblical worldview is better than any other view.
Philosophy of Education 1
However, it is obvious the circumstances surrounding the students project what they are
going to be. Today, America is suffering of the lack of potential youth with high
knowledge, character and leadership. Most of the great leaders of the American history
come from a challenging background but God used them to bring prosperity in this
country. God was with America, He is and He will be forever. Regardless of those forces
which are trying to bring American down, God is sovereign, He is unable to change.
Booker T. Washington writes in his autobiography Up From Slavery, that the early
years of his life, which he spent in the little cabin were not very different from those of
other slaves. He was born as slave in 1856 on the Burroughs tobacco farm. He writes,
“From the time that I can remember anything, almost everyday of my life has been
occupied in some kind of labor.” This was the reason why he became the man that we
know him to have been today. Ethics and values cannot be taught in any high school or
college, but through the process of Spiritual sanctification God can put those moral ethics
which might be needed to exalt this nation. High morals of a society represent its
integrity and future stability. History records and present ones predicts that the future
holds what is going to come in existences. Education and Religions had influenced
American society, and the process of affecting lives through education with religious
perspective will continue. College professors can set new principles if they are willing to
bring change in field of education. If they are intended to promote ethics, they need to
trust in God that He controls future and their job is not educate their students with merely
heard knowledge but those ethics which are bases on Biblical principles.
Today, the American society needs a quick backup from teachers to assist
absence of Christian ethics and values. Regardless, what people say about the fathers of
America but the reality is this that God led those people to develop a free country under
God and God cannot see the sin. If God is not standing against America, it does not mean
that He is fine with American policies and the American worldview of religion. It is
because He is merciful and wants American nation to get back to Him with clean hand
and pure hearts. Education is the best way to promote religion and religion is best way to
educate people, therefore, the connection between both education and religion offers a
opportunity to teachers and Christian to help each other in order to bring change in
American society.
As a member of a Muslim society this student has learned life experience and
knowledge of being thankful for life. Life teaches lesson even in quite times. Depending
on some one’s belief, life insures certain objectives to be America is going too far away
from religious teaching in the name of democracy and equal rights to the point that the
concepts of Christianity and God have become merely hypothetical concepts rather than
practice. The rejection of Biblical authority in the field of education has caused moral
decay in American society. The separation of State and church does not mean the
separation of religion and education. The state cannot keep its existence without
essence of education is to discover the truth and of ultimate purpose of this life. Religion
gives hope for life, when coupled education and religion have an even more powerful
impact on society. When lacking in either institution, societies have proven dysfunctional
in all aspects of life. American teachers are in dire need of assistance and reinforcements
in their struggle to save America’s youth. In a society devoid of Christian ethics, the
Philosophy of Education 1
prevalence violence, drugs and sexual immorality is inevitable. God led the founding
fathers of America to develop a free nation under the watchful and righteous eye of God.
If God has not yet punished America for its immoral climate, it is because He is merciful
and wants America to return to Him with clean hands and pure hearts- not because it is
innocent.
Pollster George Barna believes that “our society was headed for spiritual revival
or moral anarchy and that the generation that would determine which direction we would
take was sitting in classrooms at the time.” Muslim culture and influence in all over the
world is spreading like a virus. They preach and practice what they believe. Their
education starts with the strict teaching of Islam and end with in the limit the of Quranic
teaching. Science and technology are means to glorify Allah not to challenge the
“how do you reach a generation that hears with its eyes and thinks with its feelings?”
Schultz writes, “In the Bible, God gives the home and the church the fundamental
principle of how our children should be educated.” The answer to this and many other
questions is not hidden in the teachings of God. He implies that home and church are
vital. Since creation God has been passing knowledge from one generation to the next.
education. As Christian leader, first, I believe that through education we can change the
mentality of Muslim people. In Islam both religion and state work together. There is not
concept of religion without land and government in Islam. The purpose of the separation
of the church from the state is to make it sure that none of these institutes may interfere in
Philosophy of Education 1
each other’s matters. The immediate impetus for the religious clauses of the First
amendment was to avoid creation of a national religion and church-state conflicts that
had occurred in the colonies. However, the phrase “church-state separations” has
confused our legal system and even those points which should not be considered any
problem between state and religion are the primary issues. Once general agreement is
reached that the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses prohibit control of religion by
how the clauses should be applied. As the Supreme Court has noted, each clause could, if
Dr. Holland a professor at liberty writes that our Nation is so focused on political
correctness, not wanting to offend anyone, and not wanting to be seen as “religious”, that
schools have been unable to say ‘no’ to the invading concept of separation of church and
state. This is more out of a social reform outlook than an educational reform concern.
History is being rewritten by those who claim America is not a nation of religious
convictions and that the concept of “under God” is supported by a small minority of
students believing their founding father’s ideology. Even though this assertion is still
our religious history to be taught in the classrooms. They do so because they are afraid to
reject the concept of separation of church and state which would label public schools as
Education is the best way to promote religion, and religion is the best way to
educate people. Therefore, the connection between education and religion offers an
opportunity to help each other to bring positive change to every world citizen. The
Philosophy of Education 1
knowledge does not come from only books but the practical experiences of those who
allow themselves to explore the opportunity to apply their merely head knowledge into
practice. Life itself is a life learning process which enhances the one’s docile attitude
toward knowledge and practice in order to make him or her immune to ignorant
Bringing others out of ignorance to knowledge through education does not mean
they are erudite citizens of the world unless they are directed by supernatural intrusion
for actions and decisions which are meant to contribute to the performance capacity of his
needs to be effective. The title of this chapter “Effectiveness can be learned” itself
position or their knowledge to make decisions in the normal course of their work that
The key words in the process of learning effectiveness are “knowledge worker,”
“quality,” “decision making,” “results,” and “responsibility for his or her contribution.”
The knowledge workers can not be supervised or helped but they must direct themselves
and they must direct themselves toward performance and a contribution toward
effectiveness. They think but the thinking part is not as significant as the doing part
toward effectiveness. Their motivation depends on their being effective, and on being
able to achieve. As the writer mentions, “Intelligence, imagination, and knowledge are
Philosophy of Education 1
essential resources, but only effectiveness converts them into results,” it is essential for an
executive to be an effective worker. There are lots of managers in organizations who are
not executives. They are simply superiors of other people, and often of fairly large
numbers of other people; yet they do not contribute any effectiveness toward the
organization’s performance. They work as overseers and manage the work of others.
their limited resources and authorities, they do not depend on whether they manage
people or not. They are focused on their ability to change, and contribute towards the
progress of an organization through their effective work and decisions. A manager over
them whether they take responsibility for his or her contribution or not, still should “be
measured and appraised very largely in terms of efficiency and quality.” In the process of
work.” Knowledge work is not defined by quantity or costs, but by its results. An
individual market researcher with knowledge and vision can be equally productive
without staff compared to a manager who has many people working in market research.
Such a manager may be so busy managing as to not have time for market research and for
fundamental decisions.
the reality around him or her, and the flow of events will
Pollster George Barna believes that “our society was headed for spiritual revival
or moral anarchy and that the generation that would determine which direction we would
take was sitting in classrooms at the time.” Muslim culture and influence in all over the
world is spreading like a virus. They preach and practice what they believe. Their
education starts with the strict teaching of Islam and end with in the limit the of Quranic
teaching. Science and technology are means to glorify Allah not to challenge the
“how do you reach a generation that hears with its eyes and thinks with its feelings?”
Schultz writes, “In the Bible, God gives the home and the church the fundamental
principle of how our children should be educated.” The answer to this and many other
Philosophy of Education 1
questions is not hidden in the teachings of God. He implies that home and church are
vital. Since creation God has been passing knowledge from one generation to the next.
Today the education institutions are not trying to achieve the mission statement of
their school but they are trying to get more student. The focus and philosophy of
education is not to educate the students but to increase the numbers of students. Moore
(2004) writes that the reason why institutions are forced to take a more market-oriented
approach is heightened competition for top students, increasing bottom-line pressures due
concerned about reputation and rankings. Moore (2004) also presents the idea of
There is not any debate on the need of public relations and communication
between education institutions and the public. Moore (2004) writes that effectively
managed organization public relationships affect key public member attitudes, evaluation,
and behaviors. Further, to retain and attract potential students, different effective retention
strategies have been introduced by most of the colleges’ and universities’ administrations.
Moore (2004) writes that a set of new marketing responsibilities have been added to the
academic leaders’ traditional roles in order to attract the right faculty, win important
Today, the field of education is a big marketplace where people invest their
money in order to get back great profit. The students are the consumers. The field of
Philosophy of Education 1
education requires the same structure of promotion as any other field of business. To
compete in the market or to attract more consumers, it is very important to develop solid
public relations. In other words, publicity is the key element to attract consumers.
Different colleges and universities have been very successful in the area of pubic
relations. The surveys of articles on public relations show the different approaches which
have been taken by the public relations officers of colleges and universities to elevate the
number of students.
Effective marketing programs are possible through such planning. They require
making choices and must be done within the context of history, mission, and institutional
will. The vision must be achievable; the goal must be defined as an achievable possibility
(Moore 2004). This cannot be achieved without public relations communication between
organizations and the public. It takes organizational and personal commitment, trust,
Reference
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Mawdsley, Ralph D. (2006). Legal problems of religious and private schools. 5th ed.
Wohl, A. (2005). the Extent and Limitations of Teachers’ Rights . [On-Line]. Available:
http://www.abanet.org/irr/hr/Fall05/teachersrights.html.
Moore, R. M. (2004). The rising tide: Branding and the academic marketplace. Change
36 (3), 56-61. Retrieved May 16, 2008, from H.W. Wilson Company/ WilsonWeb
database.
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Eavey, C. B. (1964). History of Christian Education. Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible
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