*Revision for midterm material*

Components of the metal framework removable partial denture :

1 .major connectors

2. Minor connectors: what connects the major connectors with other

components, such us clasps or rests.

3. Direct retainers (also called clasp assembly):

4. Denture Base (Acrylic):

-Major connectors have many requirements:

Advantages of the bead lines: 1-it provides mechanical seal to food and saliva so prevents things from going in and out underneath the denture 2- Indicates the technician where to stop trimming. 3- Gives strength to the borders because it is a positive edge. 4- It has a retentive function specifically in complete denture because theres an extra-thickness at the edge of the border so it will strengthen it, and the denture will be less prone to breakage. 5- In acrylic RPDs, it counteracts the contraction that occurs during setting and cooling of the material .

-The depth is usually no more than 0.5 0.75 mm , because compressing the tissue to this depth causes no harm to them , if deeper it will harm the tissues.

*Types of maxillary major connectors

Mid

palatal strap (posterior):

- One of the most common major connectors used in the maxilla, usually used in bounded saddle (class III), -It should be 8-12 mm wide....Thickness of the strap is 1.5 mm.

- Complete full palatal plate is the one that provides best support and rigidity.
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- In the maxilla, we tend to use plates and straps more than bars, in the mandible it's the opposite.

*MANDIBULAR MAJOR CONNECTORS:

- In the mandible, there are NO bead lines

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* No straps in the mandible.

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*Rest and rest set: - Rest: it is the part of the metal framework that sits on the top of the teeth. -Rest set: it is the area of the tooth that accepts the rest

*Types of the minor connectors:

-Four basic types: 1-Proximal minor connector: Guide plate 2-Embrasure minor connector: Connects to auxiliary rest 3-Retentive minor connector: For denture base, denture base retention - grid work 4-Approach arm: For gingivally-approaching clasps

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1- Proximal minor connectors (Guide plate):

- They often considered the origin for rests and/or clasps. - Its shifted slightly lingually to: 1} Increases rigidity 2} Enhances reciprocation 3} Improves esthetics.

-You can see the space underneath the plate a triangular space this space is because the tooth is egg shape and below the maximum bulging of it there will be an undercut

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3- Denture base retention (Gridwork):

-the main function for them is to connect the acrylic to the metal (major connector) *We have different designs of Denture base retention we have: 1-LATTICE: its like a ladder *characteristics: large spaces, more bulk, more control, more work, Interferes with setting of teeth, and thicker metal

2-MESH: its like network Characteristics: small spaces, flatter, potentially more rigid, easier for technician, more space for teeth, and less retention for acrylic if openings are small.

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*Lattice work . Thicker..usually we use it in the mandible because there is more room in the mandible due to the resorption . *Mesh work Thinner ...usually we use in the maxilla.

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* Grid work relief -Relief: is to create space for the acrylic underneath the metal minor connector

-so we here have the master cast, this sheet of wax is going to create a space under the metal frame work

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*Junction between acrylic and major connector (The finish /end line)
1- External finish line (e): the line where the metal meet the outer polished side of acrylic. 2-internal finish line (i): the line where the metal meet the inner surface of acrylic (that touching the tissue).

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*Tissue stop - a piece of metal that you put in your design in order to stand the pressure and give support for the metal mesh work , preventing the metal from going down from the acrylic .

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*Functions of the rest and rest seat:

1-Direct forces along long axis of abutment

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(The only part of the removable partial denture that goes to the undercut is the tip or the terminal third of the retentive arm)

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-D: deflection -P: applied force -L: length E: elastic modulus.. W: beam width t: thickness

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*Direct retainers can be divided into:

Designed for Tooth-Tissue Borne. Direct Retainers Designed for Tooth borne.

Stress releasing direct retainers. Non-stress releasing direct retainers.

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*We have four types of Non-Stress Releasing Retainers:

1) Cast Circumferential
Our first choice usually on a posterior tooth starts from above the survey line thats why it is called supra- bulge clasp Also called Akers (name of the dentist who designed it). Less esthetic and less hygienic than gingivally approaching Ibar clasps. More difficult to adjust than wrought wire. (Wrought wire is softer.)

2) Ring Clasp
I use it when the undercut is not where I want it to be. Because it's too long it might become a little bit too flexible, so what they tend to do sometimes is provide a Supporting Strut on one surface (two layers of metal like the figure below).

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*Disadvantages of a ring clasp:

1-they are very difficult to adjust. 2- They have poor hygiene (especially with the presence of the strut). 3-They are contraindicated when there's excessive tissue undercut.

3) Double Embrasure Clasp

It extends from the embrasure rests. It has two retentive arms and two reciprocating arms. The main problem with these clasps is that it can cause wedging It is quite aggressive because unless you trim them you will not have enough room for the rests.

4) Reverse Action ('C') Clasp

Also called Hair-Pin Clasp. If the undercut is on the mesiolingual side of the molar, I can do the ring clasp, or my other choice is to go distal and then go backwards to the mesial again if the tooth is long enough- and it looks like a hair-pin.

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It has poor flexibility especially for short crowns so the abutment has to be long enough to increase the flexibility of the clasp. It is not comfortable for the patient and it's difficult to adjust and it is esthetically and hygienically poor. Usually it's our last resort. It is the least desirable design

REMEMBER *TOOTH BORNE.Rest Near the Edentulous Space.Non-stress releasing *TOOTH-TISSUE BORNERest Away From the Edentulous SpaceStress releasing

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-we have to imagine the movement of the denture in three dimensions, not just along the normal axis of rotation

Its the most significant movement for us as a dentist

This movement is from side to side

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This movement is horizontally

-so keep in mind that if you have an axis of rotation that the partial denture is going to rotate around it ,we need to design our component in front of the axis of rotation and behind the axis of rotation to reduce this amount of movements - Example 2: Here we can place the rest on the anterior teeth or instead of doing that we go to the next tooth which is the canine and instead of putting one rest, we put slightly two equal rests on either side, we divide the stress on the two teeth on the sides, so, we can have more than one indirect retainer by dividing it between the right and the left sides.

- Note: stars (*) means that the denture base is going out from the paper i.e. away from the tissue, so the denture base is going out towards your eyes whereas the indirect retainers prevent the front part of the denture (in front of the axis of rotation) from going down or inside the paper

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