Unit 18 Lot (III)

The part of the boundary of the lot next to a street or road is the frontage. Developers try to provide at least one side of frontage for every lot, so owners can have transportation access to their lots. As the name implies, street frontage determines which side of the lot is the front, with the opposite side being the back. Sometimes minor, usually unnamed driveways called alleys, usually publicly owned, also provide access to the back of a lot. When alleys are present, garages are often located in back of a lot with access from the alley. Also when there are alleys, garbage collection may take place from the alley. Lots at the corners of a block have two sides of frontage and are called corner lots. Corner lots may have the advantage that a garage can be built with street access from the side, but have the disadvantage that there is more parkway lawn to mow and more sidewalk to shovel snow from. In front of many lots in urban areas, there are sidewalks, usually publicly owned. Beyond the sidewalk, there may sometimes be a strip of land called a parkway, and then the drivable part of the street. Local governments often pass zoning laws which control what buildings can be built on a lot and what they can be used for. For example, certain areas are zoned for residential buildings such as houses. Other areas can be commercially, agriculturally, or industrially zoned. Sometimes zoning laws establish other restrictions such as a minimum lot area and/or frontage length for building a house or other building, maximum building size, or minimum setbacks from a lot boundary for building a structure. This is in addition to building codes which must be met. Also minimum lot sizes and separations must be met when wells and septic systems are used. In urban areas, sewers and water lines often provide service to households. There may also be restrictions based on covenants established by private parties such as the developer. There may be easements for utilities to run water, sewage, electric power, or telephone lines through a lot. Like most other types of real estate, lots owned by private parties are subject to a periodic real estate tax payable by the owners to local governments such as a county or municipality. Real estate taxes are assessed based on the value of the real property. (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

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 Vocabulary
at least = cel puin be subject to (v.) = a constitui subiectul corner lot = lot din col covenant = contractant, parte contractant drivable part of the street = partea carosabil a strzii frontage = faad, parte a unui teren mrginit de o strad garbage collection = colectarea deeurilor / gunoaielor lawn = peluz length = lungime mow (v.) = a cosi, a tunde iarba parkway = bulevard, alee, promenad pass (v.) = a da, a emite provide (v.) = a asigura, a oferi setback = distan sewer = canal de scurgere shovel = a lopta take place (v.) = a avea loc zoning law = lege privind zonarea teritoriului

Exercises
1. True or false?
Statement True False

In urban areas, sewers and water lines often provide service to households. Lots at the corners of a block have three sides of frontage and are called corner lots. Minimum lot sizes and separations must be met when wells and septic systems are used. Real estate taxes are assessed based on the value of the money. Street frontage determines which side of the lot is the front, with the opposite side being the back. The part of the boundary of the lot next to a street or road is the wall.
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2. Group the following words relating to buildings and other large structures that people build, as in the model. bank barn bathhouse building castle construction coop courthouse doghouse elevator factory gallery garage gazebo government headquarters grain silo granary greenhouse hen house hospital kennel kiosk kitchen house laboratory latrine library lighthouse mall mausoleum museum observatory office outbuilding outhouse palace Parliament house pavilion plant pound pyramid rotunda safe shed shop shopping centre skyscraper stable store storehouse structure supermarket tabernacle tower treasury warehouse
Words referring to used by buildings animals buildings used for work and to make things buildings used to store things buildings used to sell things buildings used by the government types of buildings

bank

3. Fill in with the proper verbs (Present Tense Simple and frequentative Will) from below. are includes is results will (3 times) Waste collection the component of waste management which in the passage of a waste material from the source of production to either the point of treatment final disposal. Waste collection also the kerbside collection of recyclable materials that technically not waste, as part of a municipal landfill diversion program. Household waste generally be left in waste containers or recycling bins prior to collection by a waste collector using a waste collection vehicle. The waste collection vehicle often take the waste to a transfer station where it be loaded up into a larger vehicle and sent either to landfill or to an alternative waste treatment facility.

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4. Put the text above into Romanian. 5. Supply the ing forms of the verbs in brackets in the text below in written. (Maintain) a rough lawn requires only occasional (cut) with a suitable machine, or (graze) by animals. Maintaining higher quality lawns may require special maintenance procedures: - (Mow) regularly with a sharp blade at an even height. - Not mowing when lawn is wet. - Not (remove) more than 30% to 40% of the plant tissue. - (Alternate) the direction of cut from previous mowing. - (Scarify) and (rake), to remove dead grass and prevent (tuft). - (Roll), to encourage (tiller), i.e. (branch) of grass plants, and to level the ground. - Top (dress) with sand, soil or other material. - (Spike) or aeration to relieve compaction of the soil. - Additional (water). - (Fertilize) application. - Organic or synthetic pesticide application. There is often heavy social pressure to mow ones lawn regularly. 6. Supply the verbs corresponding to the nouns in the text below. The rapid urbanization of the 20th century has resulted in a significant amount of slum habitation in the major cities of the world, particularly in developing countries. There is significant demand for planning resources and strategies to address the issues that arise from slum development, and many planning theorists and practitioners are calling for increased attention and resources in this area, particularly the Commonwealth Association of Planners. When urban planners give their attention to slums, one also has to pay attention to the racial make-up of that area to ensure that racial steering does not occur. The issue of slum habitation has often been resolved via a simple policy of clearance, however more creative solutions are beginning to emerge such as Nairobis Camp of Fire program, where established slum-dwellers have promised to build proper houses, schools, and community centres without any government money, in return for land they have been illegally squatting on for 30 years. This program is initiated by Slum Dwellers International, which
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has programs in Africa, Asia, and South America. 7. Identify the verbs in the Passive Voice in the text below. Finland may have been the first public housing. In 1909 in Helsinki four wooden houses designed by the architect A. Nyberg were built on Kirstinkuja for the citys workers. The residents were mainly working-class families with several children. The apartments had an average of five people per room, sometimes up to eight. The tiny apartments were equipped with running water, a pantry and an attic cupboard. Every apartment had its own toilet in the cellar. Electric lighting was installed in 1918. The homes and lives of worker families in Helsinki from 1909 to 1985 are presented in a museum near the Linnanmki amusement park. The museum is currently being renovated and will reopen in summer 2009. Governments since the early 1990s have also encouraged mixed tenure in regeneration areas and on new-build housing estates, offering a range of ownership and rental options, with a view to engineering social harmony through including social housing and affordable housing options. A recent research report has argued that the evidence base for tenure mixing remains thin. 8. Turn the verbs in the Passive Voice in the text above into the active. 9. Match the words in the box with the appropriate suffixes, as in the model.
Suffix -able - ible

charitable accesscharitcomprehensconsiderforcimperceptincredinevitinexplicinexpressinfallirresistintanginvismiserpleasur-

accessible reasonrecognizresponssensuncomfortundesirunmistakvalu-

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10. Use the adjectives above in sentences of your own. 11. Complete the following with verbs of your own using the Gerund or the Infinitive. He does nothing but I apologize for I hope you dont mind Matt wouldnt dare My parents want She always avoids She congratulated me on They expect They keep on They used to You must try to stop

12. Give the feminine of the following nouns. actor boyfriend bridegroom bull Englishman father-in-law he gentleman goat host landlord manservant nephew poet uncle waiter widower 13. Give the masculine of the following nouns. duck goose grand-daughter hen heroine hen lady manageress mare queen policewoman

Lets Laugh!
A retiring farmer in preparation for selling his land, needed to rid his farm of animals. So he went to every house in his town. To the houses where the man is the boss, he gave a horse. To the houses where the woman is the boss, a chicken was given. He got toward the end of the street and saw a couple outside gardening. Whos the boss around here? he asked. I am. said the man. I have a black horse and a brown horse, the farmer said, which one would you like? The man thought for a minute and said, The black one. No,

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no, no, get the brown one. the mans wife said. Heres your chicken. said the farmer.

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