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Cholera Is Caused by A Bacterium Called Vibrio Choleare
Cholera Is Caused by A Bacterium Called Vibrio Choleare
Cholera Is Caused by A Bacterium Called Vibrio Choleare
1. Cholera is caused by a bacterium called Vibrio Cholerae. 2. It is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhoea. 3. It occurs in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine. Common locations for cholera include: Africa Asia India Mexico South and Central America
4. This then increases the water potential of the epithelial cells and decreases the water potential of the lumen of the small intestine and so water moves by osmosis into the lumen down the concentration gradient. 5. Ions begin to move from the blood and other tissues into the epithelial cells due to the newly acquired concentration gradient, which causes the tissues water potential to increase. This moves even more water into the lumen of the small intestine, by osmosis. Thereby resulting in very watery diarrhoea and dehydration.
ORS as a treatment
1. The rehydration solution has to use alternative pathways to get the water out of the lumen of the small intestine, by reducing the water potential of the surrounding cells. 2. As ions are absorbed, the water potential decreases and so water enters by osmosis. 3. The solution contains: -Water, to rehydrate the tissues -Sodium, to replace sodium ions lost, and to make optimum use of the sodium-glucose carrier proteins -Glucose, to stimulate the absorption of sodium ions and to provide energy for any active transport needed. -Potassium, to replace any lost potassium ions from the process -Other electrolytes, to help prevent the ion imbalance that Cholera causes
2. The solution is unknown to the patients and the possible dangers they face are unknown too, so they are blindly participating without understanding what is being tested on them. 3. If the patient becomes ill or if their condition worsens, there is an argument that they should be compensated for that. However, because the patients do it voluntarily in the first place, there is also an argument that they had a choice, and did not have to participate in the first place.