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Network Quality

Network Quality
LV Capacitors Power Factor Controllers LV Active Filters Third Harmonic Filter

Contents

LV Capacitor CLMD ........................................................................................................ 9/2 LV Capacitor LVCS.......................................................................................................... 9/3 LV Capacitor Bank APC ................................................................................................. 9/4 Dynacomp ....................................................................................................................... 9/6 Power Factor Controller RVC ........................................................................................ 9/8 Power Factor Controller RVT ........................................................................................ 9/9 LV Active Filters PQFI, PQFM, PQFK and PQFS .......................................................... 9/10 Third Harmonic Filter THF ............................................................................................. 9/14

o a

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1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

LV Capacitor CLMD
Technical Data

Specications Voltage range Frequency Power range Connection Discharge resistors

Terminals

CLMD 13 CLMD 33 From 220 to 1000 V. 50 and 60 Hz 50 Hz From 2.5 to 18 kvar depending From 17 to 26.8 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency. on the voltage. 3-phase as standard construction (single-phase on request). Permanently connected built-in Not included. discharge resistors are sized to ensure safe discharge of the capacitor to less than 50V in 1 minute after a switch off. three M6 terminals. three cable outputs.

CLMD 43, 53, 63 & 83 50 and 60 Hz From 11 to 130 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency. Permanently connected built-in discharge resistors are sized to ensure safe discharge of the capacitor to less than 50V in 1 minute after a switch off. with threaded rods M6, 8, 10 or 12 according to the power of the capacitor. a M8 terminal is included under the cover. By a knock out : CLMD43-53 : 37 mm. CLMD63-83 : 47 mm.

Earth Cable input

earth connection on the enclosure xation. By a knock out : 22.5 mm

earth connection on the enclosure xation. By a knock out : 37 mm.

Case material Colour Fixing

Execution Protection Maximum ambient temperature Minimum ambient temperature Minimum distance between units Minimum distance between units and wall Losses (discharge resistors included) Tolerance on capacitance Voltage test The acceptable overloads are those specied in IEC 831-1&2

Zinc electroplated mild steel. Beige RAL 7032. with two slots, diameter 6.5 mm with eight xation holes, (suitable xing for assembly in diameter 5.4 mm. module). Indoor (outdoor on request). IP 42 (IP 54 on request). Class D (+55C) according to IEC 831. Indoor type: -25C. Outdoor type: -40C. 20 mm. 20 mm. 20 mm. 20 mm. < 0.5 Watt/kvar for 380 V rated voltage and above.

with two slots 26 X 12 mm.

50 mm. 50 mm.

0 % + 10 %. Between terminals: 2.15 Un for 10 seconds. Between terminals and earth: 3 kV for 10 seconds. Overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. at intervals. Overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently. Maximum overload: stable operation at 135% of the nominal rating (generated by overvoltages and harmonics). Important: the installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions, especially when there is a risk of resonance.

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301011B0030 9/2

1SDC007200C0202

LV Capacitor LVCS
Technical Data

Voltage range Power range Connection Discharge resistors Terminals Earth Color Weight (unpacked) Fixation Execution Protection Maximum ambient temperature Minimum ambient temperature Dielectric losses Total losses Tolerance on capacitance Voltage test Lightning impulse voltage test Acceptable overloads according to IEC 60831 1& 2

50 Hz: 230, 400, 415, 525 and 690 Vac. 60 Hz: 220, 240, 380, 440, 480 and 600 Vac. From 5 kvar to 25 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency. 3-phase. Built-in and sized for discharge of the capacitors to less than 50V in 1 min. Minimum time between disconnection and re-energization: 40 seconds. Contactor-type terminals with captive screws (Max. cable size: 35mm2 ) No earth connection needed. RAL 7012 (dark gray). +/- 2.5 kg / LVCS unit M6-through-hole bolts, M6-insertion-hole screws. Indoor. IP 20. Class D (+55C). -25C. < 0.2 Watt/kvar. < 0.5 Watt/kvar (discharge resistors included). 0 +10 %. Between terminals : 2.15 Un for 10 sec. Between terminals and container: 15 kV. Overvoltage tolerance : 10 % max. intermittently. Overcurrent tolerance : 30 % permanently. Important : The installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions, especially when there is a risk of resonance.

Contactor-type terminals

Built-in safety discharge resistor (<50V in 1 min) Dry type self-healing capacitor winding Thermo-setting resin

Insulating enclosure

Overpressure sensitive disconnector

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301012A0032. 9/3

1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

LV Capacitor Bank APC

Technical Data

APCR

APCM2 APCM1

APCL1

APCL2

APCL2

APCM2

APCR

Specications Nominal voltage and frequency

APCL 230, 400V - 50Hz (standard range). 400V - 50Hz (reinforced range rated at 474V).

Power range

APCL1: from 20 to 75 kvar depending on the voltage. APCL2: from 50 to 125 kvar depending on the voltage.

APCM 230, 400V - 50Hz (standard range). 240, 480V - 60Hz (standard range). 400V - 50Hz (reinforced range rated at 474V). APCM1: from 75 to 200 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency. APCM2: from 112.5 to 400 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

APCR 400, 415, 525, 690V - 50Hz (de-tuned capacitor bank) 240, 380, 480, 600V - 60Hz (de-tuned capacitor bank)

From 100 to 300 kvar depending on the voltage and frequency.

Connection Conguration

Power factor setting Starting current setting (C/k) Operation

Losses

Capacitors

Three phase. APCL1: master unit only. APCM1: master unit only. APCR: master and slave units. APCL2: master and slave units. APCM2: master and slave units. Slave units are not equipped with PF controller but are tted with an interconnection cable. From 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. From 0.01A to 3A for the RVC From 0.01A to 3A for the RVC controller. From 0.01A to 5A controller. for the RVT controller (optional) Automatic or manual setting of the controller with indication of : - the number of active outputs. - the inductive or capacitive power factor. - alarm conditions. - overtemperature. - demand for switching on/off a capacitor step. - voltage, current, THDV and THDI. Threshold setting for protections against overvoltage, undervoltage and THDV. Dielectric losses: less than 0.2 Watt/kvar. Capacitor total losses: less than 0.5 Watt/kvar (discharge resistors included). Automatic bank total losses at 400V 50Hz: less than 1.5 Watt/kvar (including accessories losses). less than 5.5 Watt/kvar (including accessories losses). Dry type self healing according to IEC 60831-1&2. Voltage test: 2.15 Un between terminals during 10 sec at rated frequency (above IEC 60831-1&2). Acceptable overloads: - overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. intermittently. - overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently. Temperature range: -25C / class D according to IEC 60831-1&2.

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LV Capacitor Bank APC

Technical Data

APCR

APCM2 APCM1

APCL1

APCL2

APCL2

APCM2

APCR

Specications Capacitors

Reactors

Compliance Automatic capacitor bank tests CE Marking Protection Execution Color Ambient temperature Ventilation

Installation

APCL APCM APCR Dry type self healing according to IEC 60831-1&2. Voltage test: 2.15 Un between terminals during 10 sec at rated frequency (above IEC 60831-1&2). Acceptable overloads: - overvoltage tolerance: 10% max. intermittently. - overcurrent tolerance: 30% permanently. Temperature range: -25C / class D according to IEC 60831-1&2. Type : dry type resin embedded according to IEC 289, IEC 76 Maximal harmonic voltage distortion: U3/U1 = 0.5 % U5/U1 = 6.0 % U7/U1 = 5.0 % U11/U1 = 3.5 % U13/U1 = 3.0 % (not exceeding a THDU of 8 %). The automatic capacitor bank complies with EN 61921. Functional test. Insulation test. CE Marked. IP23D (closed door). Protected against direct and accidental contact (open door). Indoor. Beige RAL 7032. - 5C / + 40C according to EN 61921. Natural for the APCL1. Forced Forced. for the APCL2. (temperature(temperature-dependent speed control fans). dependent speed control fans). - Wall mounting (xation - Floor xation. brackets included). - Equipped with a plinth. - Bottom cable entry. - Lifting lugs provided. - Top or bottom cable entry. Slave units have to be connected to the master unit. Important notice: The installation of capacitors on networks disturbed by harmonics may require special precautions especially when there is a risk of resonance.

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301015A0040.

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1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

Dynacomp
Introduction

Dynacomp vs Electromechanical switching of capacitors

Electromechanical switching of capacitors Transients at switching Conventional banks with contactors are switched on when reactive power is needed, but the precise instant of switching is variable and not controlled. This has the consequence that the switching of the capacitors results in a big transient. This transient disturbs the net, is dangerous for the contactors and increases the stress on the capacitors. The disturbance created in the voltage waveform could perturb sensitive equipment. This is shown on the gure below, where 86 kvar are switched on by contactors. The current reaches 3640 A peak, approximately twelve times the nominal 304 A peak. The Dynacomp: the top-class dynamic compensator Transient free switching The Dynacomp, tted with electronic switches instead of contactors, is the perfect choice in applications where transient-free switching is required. It will not cause disturbances to sensitive networks or neighbouring equipment. The gure below shows the switching of the same step but with the static switch of the Dynacomp. The current reaches only 304 A peak, i.e. the nominal value.

Current waveform when switching a conventional bank with contactors (transient)

Current waveform when switching a Dynacomp

Slow response time Electromechanically switched power factor correction systems are tted with discharge resistors. This allows reducing the voltage difference between the capacitors and the network and consequently the magnitude of the transients. Discharging the capacitors takes several seconds and tremendously limits the response time of such system, without suppressing the transients. Limited life Contactors have limited lifetimes and need to be replaced frequently. Such systems also require important maintenance efforts.

Fast response time The powerful control of the Dynacomp and its switching concept allows dynamic response times less than 80ms for power factor correction, less than 20ms for voltage drops compensation and instantaneous if an external signal is available.

Long life The transient free switching (with no electric arc, no moving parts) combined with the self healing capacitors used in the Dynacomp guarantees a very long life of the system without any limitation in the number of switching operations.

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1SDC007200C0202

Dynacomp
Technical Data

Rated voltage Output rating Capacitors Controller

Standard cubicle

Ambient temperature Measuring system

From 220 to 690V - 50Hz or 60Hz, three or single-phase. Up to 500 kvar per step. The Dynacomp is a totally tailor-made product adapted to each particular need. Dry type self healing. Design according to IEC 831 1&2. Type RVT-D Micro-processor based system. Operating temperature: -20C to 70C. Current input: 5A or 1A (RMS) (class 1 CT). Network and Dynacomp measurements. Steel sheet. Color: RAL 7032. Protection: IP23. According to EN60439. According to IEC831 (-10C/+40C). Micro-processor based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks.

Applications

Motor start

Harbor crane

Welding machine

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS303016A0060. 9/7

1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

Power Factor Controller RVC

Technical Data

Measuring system Operating voltage Voltage tolerance Frequency range Measuring circuit terminals (L2, L3 and k, I) Current input Current input impedance Consumption of the controller Output contact rating

micro-processor based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks. 100V to 440V. +/- 10% on nominal voltages. 50 or 60 Hz +/- 5% (automatic adjustment to network frequency). CAT. III rated 1A or 5A (RMS). <0.1 Ohm. 8 VA max. -max. continuous current: 1.5 A; -max. peak current: 5 A; -max. voltage: 440 Vac; -terminal A is rated for a continuous current of 16 A. from 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. 0.01 to 3A. Automatic measurement of C/k RVC-3: programmable up to 3 outputs. RVC-6: programmable up to 6 outputs. RVC-8: programmable up to 8 outputs. RVC-10: programmable up to 10 outputs. RVC-12: programmable up to 12 outputs. programmable from 1s to 999s (independent of reactive load). User dened. the mode of switching for all the programmable switching sequences is integral, direct, circular or linear. all programmed parameters and modes are saved in a non-volatile memory. quick automatic disconnection in less than 20ms (50Hz) in case of power outage or voltage drop. 40 s. - normally open contact; - max. continuous current : 5A; - rated/max. breaking voltage: 250Vac/440Vac. -10 C to 60 C. - 30 C to 85 C. vertical panel mounting. 144x144x80 mm (HxWxD). 0.4 kg (unpacked). Spring clamp terminal block. IP40. maximum 95%, non-condensing. Overvoltage and undervoltage protection Auto-adaptation to the phase-rotation of the network and the CT-terminals. Not affected by the harmonics. Working with generative and regenerative loads. LCD contrast automatically compensated with temperature. CE Marked.

Power Factor setting Starting current setting (C/k) Number of outputs

Switching time between steps Switching sequences Mode of switching Saving-function Power outage release Power outage reset delay time Alarm contact

Operating temperature Storage temperature Mounting position Dimensions Weight Connector Front plate protection Relative humidity Other features

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS301016A0050. 9/8

1SDC007200C0202

Power Factor Controller RVT

Technical Data

Measuring system Supply voltage Consumption Connection type for measuring circuit and power supply Voltage tolerance Voltage measurement Frequency range Current input Current input impedance Output contact rating

Micro-processor-based system for balanced three-phase networks or single-phase networks. From 100Vac up to 440Vac. 15 VA max. Phase-phase or phase-neutral +/- 10% on indicated supply voltages. Up to 690Vac or higher with voltage transformer. Accuracy : 1% full scale. 50 or 60 Hz +/- 5% (automatic adjustment to network frequency). 5A or 1A (RMS) (class1 C.T.). <0.1 Ohm. -Max. continuous current: 1.5A (ac) 0.3A (110V dc). -Max. peak current: 8A. -Max. voltage: 440 Vac. -Terminal A-A are rated for a continuous current of 18A (9A/terminal). - Normally closed contact. - Max. continuous current: 1.5A. - Rated voltage: 250Vac (max. breaking voltage: 440Vac). - Normally open contact. - Max. continuous current: 1.5A. - Rated voltage: 250Vac (max. breaking voltage: 440Vac). From 0.7 inductive to 0.7 capacitive. - 0.01 to 5A. - automatic measurement of C/k. 1:1:1:1:1:.:1 - 1:2:2:2:2:..:2 - 1:2:4:4:4:..:4 - 1:2:4:8:8:.:8 1:1:2:2:2:.:2 - 1:1:2:4:4:..:4 - 1:1:2:4:8:..:8 - 1:2:3:3:3:.:3 1:2:3:6:6:.:6 - 1:1:2:3:3...:3 - 1:1:2:3:6...:6 and any other customer programmable sequence. 110 - 300 - 600 - 1200 - 2400 - 4800 - 6900 - 19200 - 38400 - 57600 (*) for RVT Modbus only Automatic, xed, disabled. 64 x 132 pixels with extra symbols. RVT 6: programmable up to 6 outputs. RVT 12: programmable up to 12 outputs. Programmable from 1s to 18h. All programmed parameters and modes are saved in a non-volatile memory. Automatic disconnection of all capacitors in case of a power outage longer than 20ms. -20 C to 70 C. -30 C to 85 C. Vertical panel mounting. Front plate : 144 x 144 mm (HxW). Overall : 144 x 211 x 67 mm (HxWxD). 1.0 kg (unpacked). Cage clamp type (2.5mm2 single core cable). IP 43 (IP54: on request). Maximum 95%, non-condensing. Automatic adaptation to the phase-rotation of the network and the CT-terminals. Insensitivity to harmonics. Working with passive and regenerative loads (four-quadrant operation). LCD contrast automatically compensated with temperature. CE Marked. UL Recognized (le n NKCR2.E163424). CSA certied for use in 120Vac system voltage.

Alarm contact rating (voltage free contact) Fan contact rating (voltage free contact) Power factor setting Starting current setting (C/k) Switching sequences

Modbus baud rate (*) Step conguration Full graphics display Number of outputs Switching time between steps Saving-function Power outage release Operating temperature Storage temperature Mounting position Dimensions Weight Connector Front plate protection Relative humidity Other features

For more details, please refer to catalogue No. 2GCS302014A0050. 9/9

1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

LV Active Filters PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

Introduction

Harmonics and Power Quality

Power Quality relates to the amplitude, frequency and distortion of the supply system. While the amplitude and frequency of the supply is largely controlled by the utility, the distortion of the wave (voltage or current) is attributed to the user (of the power) or the loads. Linear loads like an induction motor, an incandescent bulb, resistive heating or a capacitor bank draw a current which follows the wave shape of the supplied voltage (sinusoidal). On the other hand, most of the common loads nowadays are non-linear, like VSDs (Variable Speed Drives), rectiers, UPS-systems, computers, TV sets, energy efcient (uorescent) lamps, photocopiers etc. These loads draw a current from the source which does not follow the voltage wave shape and hence introduce distortion. Typical VSD supply current
Unltered line current (100A/div) 800 Unltered line current (% fundamental) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% TIME (5ms/div)

The distortion is introduced by harmonics generated by the non-linear devices. These harmonics are a growing problem for both electricity suppliers and users. Harmonics can lead to serious problems: overheating of cables, motors and transformers damage to sensitive equipment tripping of circuit breakers blowing of fuses premature ageing of the installation capacitor overloading and failures high current in neutral conductors excitation of network resonance

-800

11

14

17

20

23

26

29

32

35

38

41

44

47

50

Harmonic order

The ABB Solution: PQF Power Quality Filter

The ABB Power Quality Filter offers unprecedented ability to clean the network from harmonics. The PQF actively eliminates the harmonics present in the supply system in a controlled way. It is insensitive to large network impedance changes due to change in network topology like paralleling of sources, or switching between mains supply and generator operation. The PQF monitors the line current in real time and processes the measured harmonics as digital signals in a high-power multi-DSP (Digital Signal Processor) based system. The digital controller Principle of operation
Fundamental only CT Load Clean feeder current Load current Active lter current

generates Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signals that drive IGBT power modules which through line reactors inject harmonic currents in the network with exactly the opposite phase to the components that are to be ltered. The PQF also offers communication facilities with the customers existing communication network. This feature which uses Modbus RTU, allows the PQF to be easily monitored and controlled from a remote location. The Modbus communication feature can be used by means of an RS-232 to RS485 converter (optional).

=
Harmonics

PQF
Harmonics only

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1SDC007200C0202

LV Active Filters PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

Introduction

PQF : The Ultimate Step in Filtering Efciency

The PQF offers the perfect solution for harmonic ltration. The net effect of a PQF is a clean sine wave due to the elimination of the harmonic content of a distorted current waveform. In other words, the feeding transformer carries a harmonic free current and consequently there is no network pollution introduced by the ltered load. The closed loop control offers an added advantage of accurate ltering without any need of special measuring devices. The digital controller gives increased exibility and accuracy in ltering. The IGBT based power units of the PQF are optimally designed to suit the requirement for each type of PQF. ABBs vast eld experience with varied load types gives us added advantage for the best possible design of the PQF. Use of optical bres ensures complete electrical isolation between the power and control circuits. The PQF-Manager allows a wide range of choice for measurement of various network parameters, programming and settings of the PQF. Our PQF range are designed to meet the limitations on harmonic pollution as per various international guidelines like G 5/4, IEEE 519 etc. The complete range of PQF is CE marked. The complete range of PQF (except PQFS) is UL Listed to U.S. and Canadian safety standards. ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certications ensure best quality in the manufacturing process.

VSD supply current - Filter running

800 Filtered line Current (100A/div) 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% TIME (5ms/div)

-800

Filtered line current (% fundamental)

11

14

17

20

23

26

29

32

35

38

41

44

47

50

Harmonic order

Advantages of the PQF

Filters up to 20 harmonics simultaneously (15 for PQFK) Filters up to the 50th harmonic Harmonic attenuation factor better than 97% Fullment of International Guidelines like G5/4, IEEE 519, etc Filters with closed loop control for best accuracy Is not overloadable Has a programmable ltering strategy and free choice of harmonics selection Auto-adaptation to network impedance changes Programmable stand-by and re-start functions Two sets of compensation parameters for different load type compensation. Fault and event logging with real time stamp Direct connection up to 690V Top or bottom cable entry (bottom cable entry only for PQFS) Easy commissioning Auto-detection of CT Polarity and installed phase May lter without generation of reactive power May generate reactive power and control power factor May balance the load current across the phases and between phases and neutral (PQFS) Has programmable task priorities Does not require detailed network analysis Does not require special CTs Is easy to extend on site Comes factory tested Optical bre isolation between power and control stages Advanced programmable digital I/O interface Modbus RTU communication compatible 3 phase 3/4 wire connectivity (PQFS) Easy wall mounting design (PQFS)

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LV Active Filters PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

Technical Data

Specications RMS current per unit (50 or 60 Hz)

PQFI 208VU480V: 250-450 A 480V<U690V: 180 A*-320 A*

PQFM 208VU480V: 70-100-130 A 480V<U690V: 100A*

PQFK 208VU415V: 40-70-100 A

PQFS

Neutral Current CT requirement Modularity

Physical mounting Tolerance Harmonics to lter

Degree of ltering Harmonic attenuation factor (IH (source)/IH (load) Reactive Power Load balancing Communication Programming Response time Active Power

208VU240V: 30-45-60 A 380VU415V: 30-45-60 A 3 times the line rms current mentioned above. 3 CTs required (class 1.0 or better), 5 Amps secondary rating, lter burden: 5 VA. Up to 8 units (intermixing of units of both equal Up to 4 units of equal rating. and unequal rating is allowed in the same voltage group). Maximum one unit rating difference between the largest and the smallest unit rating in a lter system One unit per panel. Floor standing units Wall mount type, one unit per enclosure. +/- 10% in voltage. +/- 5% in frequency. 20 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th 15 individual 3-wire connection: 20 order. harmonics selectable individual harmonics from 2nd to 50th order. selectable from 2nd to 50th order. 4-wire connection: 15 individual harmonics selectable from 2nd to 50th order. Individually programmable per harmonic in absolute terms. Better than 97% (at rated load). Power factor programmable from 0.6 (inductive) to 0.6 (capacitive). Programmable load balancing. Using Modbus RTU. Through RS-232 Port with dedicated software (PQF-Link). Using PQF-Manager. Using optional PQF-Link software and PC (not provided). < 0.5 ms instantaneous. 40 ms (10-90% ltering). < 3% of the device power typically.

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LV Active Filters PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS

Technical Data

Specications Protection degree

Cubicle dimension (W x D x H) Weight (unpacked)

Color Installation

Environment Ambient temperature Humidity Main options

PQFI PQFM PQFK PQFS IP21 (IP20 open door). IP21 (IP20 open door). IP30. For higher protection IP00 plate execution. degree, please consult For higher protection degree, please consult us. us. 800 x 600 x 2150 mm. 600 x 600 x 2150 mm. 585 x 310 x 700 mm. Appr. 620 kg IP21: appr. 255 kg. IP21: appr. 250 kg. Appr. 120 kg. (450A/320A) or 525 kg IP00: appr. 125 kg. IP00: appr. 175 kg. (250A/180A) per unit. RAL 7035 (light gray). Other colors on request. Floor xation, lifting lugs Floor xation, lifting lugs provided, cable entry Wall mounting, cable provided, cable entry from top or bottom. entry from bottom. from bottom. Indoor installation in clean environment up to 1000 m altitude (higher altitudes with suitable derating.) -5C to +40C. (Up to 50C with suitable derating). Maximum 95% RH; non-condensing. PQF-Link software. PQF-Link software. Common cable entry cubicle. Cable connection box. IP41 protection degree execution (10% derating). Modbus kit (RS-485 Base frame (100 mm). based). Modbus kit (RS-485 based). Printer kit (RS-232 Printer kit (RS-232 based). based). Space heaters. Temperature probes. Temperature probes. MCB position status Main contactor position status lamps. lamps. Surge arresters If the nominal system voltage is higher than 600V (U>600V) the current rating of PQFI and PQFM units in this voltage range may be derated automatically depending on the operating temperature.

For more details, please refer to catalogue No.2GCS304015A0070 9/13

1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

Third harmonic lter

General
The Third Harmonic - a Growing Problem Today's electrical networks and plants are under much more stress than a decade ago. One reason for this is the increasing use of electric equipment that generate harmonics: in particular the third harmonic. This harmonic can generate exceptionally high neutral currents which can often exceed even the phase current. Equipment that generate harmonics: Fluorescent lighting systems Welding equipment Rectiers Microwave ovens Computers UPS TV monitors

The third harmonics are accumulated in the neutral conductor.

The Third Harmonic Causes Many Problems Problems are directly related to the harmonic content. The third harmonic found in the phase current appears neutral thus increasing the neutral current. See illustration above. In network: Overheating Increased power losses Poor quality of electricity Electromagnetic elds Malfunctions in earth fault control Failure in remote control systems

In plants: 9/14
1SDC007200C0202

Malfunction in electronics Damage to capacitors Power losses Increased magnetic elds Overload in neutral conductor Cable res Abnormal temperature changes and noise in transformers Nuisance tripping in circuit-breakers Shorter life time

Third harmonic lter

The solution
The Solution- The Third Harmonic Filter THFstar The third harmonic lter THFstar removes the third harmonic current from the network. The third harmonic currents generated by the single phase loads owing in the phase conductors sum up in the neutral conductor. The neutral current may be higher than the phase current. The THF lter mitigates the third harmonic current from the whole network from the luminances to the distribution panel, main switchboard up to the supply transformers medium voltage winding. The mitigation effect is the same both at the line and load side. The ltering application is patented.

THF patented
application

Transformer

Load

Transformer

Load

Example on how Third Harmonic Filter THF effects on third harmonic currents.

Benets of THF for lighting and mixed load Increased efciency in low voltage network Reduction in transmission losses Increased loadability of the existing network and switchboards Lower temperature of cables, switchboards and transformers Elimination of third harmonic current in neutral and phase conductor Increased efciency in lighting appliance and pc-load Less power or more lighting Less maintenance Longer lifetime of the lamps and capacitors Reduced Magnetic elds The reduction of third harmonic component of the current reduces the total magnetic eld Diagram indicating an example of the total magnetic eld spectrum typically in various locations

Without THF

With THF

Diagram indicating the level of magnetic eld with and without Third Harmonic Filter, Hospital building.

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1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

Third harmonic lter

Selection and dimensioning
Third harmonic lters THFstar and THF
L1 L2 L3
THF
S01544A

N (PEN)

The size of the THF-lters is selected according to the supply transformer or back up fuses. The protection unit needs to be used, in case the dimensioning exceeds the thermal rating of the lter. The basis of dimensioning is that the lter withstands the 150Hz voltage and the fundamental neutral current generated by the phase unbalance. The THFstar lters are tested according to the highest possible short circuit current or back up fuse. Installation to the transformer star point, enclosed lters and system components,THFstar The new generation third harmonic lter THFstar is designed for small size and economical solutions to places, which are especially exposed by third harmonic currents. The lter can be installed outdoor in vicinity of transformer stations, as retrotting to existing transformer station or as additional eld of main switchboard. It is recommended to install the lter THFstar in PEN-conductor, whenever possible, equipped with appropriate protection unit THF1S_ . DIMENSIONING: According to the supply transformer PROTECTION: Protection unit THFS1_S, 50Hz and 150 Hz measurement according to the mounting instruction

L1 L2 L3
THF

N PE

S01545A

Network TN-C, TN-S

L1 L2 L3
THF
S01544A

Rated current Transformer of the size transformer kVA A 8001) 900 630 630

Enclosed Units Indoor IP30 THFS500US1 THFS630S1 Outdoor IP34 THFS630U1

System components IP 00 THFS400A1 + THF 1_S THFS630A1 + THF 1_S THFS1000A1 + THF 1_S THFS630A1x2

Input-Output cable/ busbar

Internal connection to the lter 33% of phase conductor 33% of phase conductor 33% of phase conductor 33% of phase conductor

N (PEN)

Acc. to phase conductors Acc. to phase conductors Acc. to phase conductors Acc. to phase conductors

1250

1000

THFS1000S1

THFS1000U1

2500 3200

1600 2000

THFS1600S1 THFS1600S1x2

THFS1600U1 THFS1600U1x2

Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB

Installation for distribution boards in TN-S-system, enclosed lter and system components, THF THF lters are designed in TN-S-systems to provide selective mitigation of isolated groups with local or central compensation. The THF is normally installed in the load side neutral output of UPS-devise. THF is dimensioned according to the group fuses. In case the dimensioning is below 100% it is recommended to use additional protection unit. The lter types THF 25...160NV include guard units to keep track of the PEcurrent in the area of 4...10 A. DIMENSIONING: According to the group fuse- rated current = rated current of the fuse link PROTECTION: Guard unit (_V), 150Hz measurement from PE-conductor of the group Network TN-S Rated current of the group fuse A Enclosed Units Indoor IP30 THF25NV THF63NV THF125NV THF160NV THF125NLV + THF125N System components IP 00 THF63NB THF63NB THF63NB x 2 THF63NB x 3 THF63NB x 4 Cross-section Input-Output cable mm2 6 16 35 50 95 Internal connection to the lter mm2

25 63 125 160 250 Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB 9/16

1SDC007200C0202

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Third harmonic lter

THFstar, THF Ordering details
MNS

Enclosed third harmonic lters THFstar

Installation to transformer star point. The delivery includes protection unit, by-pass contactor and switch as well as the overload proof current transformer. Indoor use IP 30. Cabling from bottom or top

FILTE

R BY
NO

BASS

Transformer size [kVA] [A] 500 630 800 900 1450 2300

Dimensions L x S x K [mm] 1050 x 360 x 1200 654 x 654 x 2260 654 x 654 x 2260 840 x 654 x 2260

Input-Output Cabling /Busbar 2 x 150 mm2 Cu 2 x 150 mm2 Cu (max 4 cables) 4 x 150 mm2 Cu (max 6 cables) Busbar 2x10x120 6 x 150 mmm2 Cu

Type No. THFS 500US11) THFS 630S1 THFS 1000S1 THFS 1600S1

Weight [kg] 300 400 520 650

O OFF

S01552A

THFS_S1

THFS_U1

Example on 1600kVA lter joints

THF

Strmb

erg

Reset

OK

Test

R ByPass
Test
Aut

S01536A

THF 63NV

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1SDC007200C0202

Network Quality

1000 1600
1)

Cabling from bottom Weight [kg] 310 450 550

Outdoor use IP 34. Includes base element, cabling from bottom Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type No. [kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar 630 1000 1600 900 1450 2300 1050 x 360 x 1200 1050 x 720 x 1200 1050 x 720 x 1200 2 x 150mm2 Cu (max 4 cables) 4 x 150mm2 Cu (max 6 cables) Busbar 2x10x120 6 x 150 mmm2 Cu THFS 630U1 THFS 1000U1 THFS 1600U1

Enclosed third harmonic lters THF

Installation to TN-S-system. Filter suitable for voltage 690V. Steel sheet enclosure. Group Connection Dimensions Protection Type fuse cable (Cu) (LxSxK) Code [A] [mm2 ] [mm] Order degree Weight

[kg]

Third harmonic lters including guard unit and by-pass contactor Current transformer of the relay, cable diameter max. 27 mm, is included in the delivery. 25 6 250x180x400 IP 30 THF 25NV 1SCA022388R0700 63 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63NV 1SCA022374R8260 125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125NV 1SCA022374R8340 125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NLV 1SCA022378R6190 160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160NV 1SCA022374R8420 Third harmonic lters without guard unit and by-pass contactor Can be used parallel with NV- and NLV- types. 63 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63N 125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125N 125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NL 160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160N

19 43 76 83 110

1SCA022325R0860 1SCA022325R1080 1SCA022358R9010 1SCA022325R1240

43 76 83 110

NOTE: THF 125 NL include space for parallel connection of several lters.

Third harmonic lter

THFstar and THF components Ordering details
Third harmonic lter components THFstar for switchgear mounting
Components for installation to transformer star point.
Indoor use IP 00. Cabling from bottom or top
Transformer size [kVA] [A] Dimensions Narrow combination B x D x H [mm] Dimensions Flat combination B x D x H [mm] Type Order Code Weight [kg]

THFS_

630 1000 1600 2000

900 1410 2250 2800 63

400 x 500 x 350 400 x 500 x 500 400 x 500 x 700 400 x 500 x 500x2 350 x145 x 415

800 x 350x 350 800 x 350x 500 800 x 350x 700 800 x 350x 500x2

THFS 400A1 THFS 630A1 THFS 1000A1 THFS 630A1x2 THF 63NB

160 225 300 225x2 28

Components for installation to TNS-system

230V~

50/60Hz

H D

S01601A

Protection unit
Back up fuse

TF63NB Open type

18 18 17 1 A A2 2 B A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 17

Terminals [mm2] / Cu

Dimensions BxDxH [mm]

Protection degree

Type

Order Code

Weight [kg]

10A

2.5

350 x 150 x 190 400 x 150 x 100 350 x 150 x 400

IP00

THF1BS THF1BSMNS THF1S

1SCA022457R7560 1SCA022437R8010 1SCA022468R9360

4.6 4.6 15

230V~

50/60H

230V~

50/60H

z
2 B

18 1 A

17

S01602A

SM 1152
4 2 6

30
8

SM 1152
4 2 6

30
8 10

1 A

2 B

0 10

THF1BSMNS

Enclosed 10A (Sheet steel)

2.5

IP44

Other system components

Transformer size kVA Rated current In/A/400V Transformer1) By-pass contactor By-pass switch

THF1BS

315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000

440 560 700 900 1130 1410 1700 2250 2820

KORE06F1 250/1THF KORE06F1 250/1THF KORE06F1 300/1THF KORE06F1 400/1THF KORE06F1 500/1THF KORE06F1 750/1THF KORE06F1 1000/1 KORE06F1 1250/1 KORE06F1 1500/1

A145 A210 A210 A210 A300 AF400 AF580 AF580 AF750

OETL200K3 OETL200K3 OETL315K3 OETL400K3 OETL400K3 OETL630K3 OETL630K3 OETL800K3 OETL1000K3

230V~ 50/60Hz

SM 115230

2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8
A1 A2

0 10 0 10

230V~ 50/60Hz
18 17

SM 115230
1 A 2 B 1 A 2 B

S00978A

18

ByPass OK

50/60H

Error z 50/60H

150/18

A1 A2 A1 A2

0Hz

17 1 A 2 B 18 17

1) Overloading capable construction

THF
120 90 60 30 0

Error 0Hz 150/18

Test

R
Reset

S00977A

Test
Auto
Str mbe rg

THF1S

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Third harmonic lter

THFstar Example
Type: THFS 1600 S1 Rated voltage: 400V Dimensioning according to the transformer size:1600 kVA Removes the third harmonic current from the phase and neutral conductor Dimensioning current/ Max continuous current: 2250A/ 800A Dimensioning voltage: 40V 150Hz The lter allows subsequent increasing of the harmonic load without retrotting Short circuit dimensioning according to max. available short circuit The lter is stand along type and not inuencing on the power factor compensation The lter is not inuencing on carrier- wave-line. Main incoming breaker: Max. time delay: 0,2 s Terminations: Max six cables of 300mm2 The lter is equipped with by-pass switch for commisoning Stand along enclosure: indoor use IP30 outdoor use IP34 Accommodation: In the vicinity of transformer station Retrotting to the transformer station In the main switchboard THF increases the efciency and lifetime of lighting systems. The THFstar removes typically 95% of the third harmonic current from the whole network from line and load side independent of the magnitude of the third harmonic current. For example the neutral current reduces from 450A down to 25A and in the phase conductors from 150A to 10A. The same mitigation prevails in the whole network from the transformer windings to the lamps and computers. The magnetic eld from the construction and earthing wiring reduces typically by 50% due to mitigation of the vagabonding currents ( 50% of magnetic eld usually of 150 Hz origin). The iron, copper and resistance losses reduce the temperature and noise level of the supply transformer doubling the lifetime of the transformer by every 8 degrees C. The lter reduces the resistance losses (I2R) For example: Before: (450A)2 x 0,1 W = 2025 W Filter installed: (25A)2 x 0,1 W = 62,5 W The lter include protection unit, which limit the 50Hz unbalance current and 150Hz fault curre
S01552A
MNS

FILTER
I

SS BYBA
NO

Check THFstar lters Installation and commissioning: The installation of THFstar is in theory easy but in practice certain points have to be checked : Ensure by measurement that there is no parallel current path to the lter Check up also the possible inuence of parallel transformers or generators Ensure that the lter is installed in the right location. The neutral conductor from the star point of the transformer is the recommended place. Check up that the current measurement is right. The CT shall always measure the sum of all neutral and earth currents of the network. Check up the relay setting of the protection unit. Read mounting instruction 34THF1S Check that there is no largely dimmer loads. Network Quality 9/19
1SDC007200C0202

O OFF

Third harmonic lter

THFstar Installation examples
Main switchboard

-S
Transformer

L1 L2 L3 N PE

N L1 L2 L3 X

THFS

TN-S-system, where the original cabling to the transformer star point need to be displaced to fundamentally same position in the N-conductor of the main switchboard. THFstar installation.

S01541B

Main earthing busbar

Earthing electrode

Concrete iron fitting

Water meter

Main switchboard

Distribution switchboard

-S
Transformer

L1 L2 L3 PEN

-S

L1 L2 L3 N PE
THF

TN-C-S system Alternative installation examples when using THFstar with protection unit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).

N
L1 L2 L3
S01543B

THFS

N
L1 L2 L3 PE

1) THFS/ THF

-V

-V

Earthing busbar of transformer station

Main earthing busbar

Distribution swtichboard

Earthing electrode

Concrete iron fitting

Water meter

Main switchboard Transformer

Distribution switchboard

-S

L1L2 L3 N PE

-S

L1 L2 L3 N PE
THF

TN-S system Alternative installation example when using THFstar with protection unit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).

N
L1 L2 L3
S01542B

THFS

N
L1 L2 L3 PE

1) THFS/ THF

-V

-V

Earthing busbar of transformer station

Main earthing busbar

Distribution swtichboard

Earthing electrode

Concrete iron fitting

Water meter

1)

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1SDC007200C0202

S01549A

N PE

THFS

In this installation model, the current transformer need to measure both N- and PE-current, unless additional guard unit is used.

Notes

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