Practice Book Key

MODULE 1 THE WORLD AROUND US 1.1 Life at stake 1.2 Too many people
VOCABULARY Page 3 VOCABULARY Page 7

2. a) b) c) d) g) e) f) h)

1. a) b) c) d) e)

Deforestation; farmland environment; biodiversity Climate; fish; seas pollution; warming ecosystem; endangered
Pages 3-4

1. a) 4; b) 1; c) 7; d) 8; e) 9; f) 5; g) 3; h) 10; i) 6; j) 2 2. (1) densely (2) standard of living (3) proper (4) support (5) endemic (6) serious (7) supply (8) shanty towns (9) slums (10) facilities
READING Pages 7-8

READING

2.

BIOFUELS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Situation rush for biofuels environmental damage: deforestation, destruction of ecosystems social damage: people thrown off their land economic damage: fall in the amount of grain grown and rise in prices
Pages 4-5

Consequences

GRAMMAR

A Noun Formation

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

research (noun) + institute (noun) top (adjective) + layer (noun) human (adjective) + race (noun) off (adverb) + spring (verb) fisher (noun) + man (noun) over (adverb) + fishing (verb) break (verb) + down (adverb) raindrop passer-by take-off pocketful Englishman/woman countrywoman/man father-in-law raindrops passers-by take-offs pocketfuls Englishmen/women countrywomen/men fathers-in-law

B Plural of compound nouns

1. a) F. Atrocious traffic is just one of the urban problems plaguing Jakarta b) F. Factories, buses and three-wheeled motorised rickshaws belch exhaust into the air. c) T. The smog makes respiratory infections common d) F. Millions live in shantytowns without electricity or running water. e) F. Western fast food franchises compete with street stalls offering soup or noodles. f) T. The unemployed beg with their children or collect things from discarded waste. Others stand in traffic to sell bottled water, cigarettes, sweets or newspapers. Mothers with babies beg outside department stores selling designer brands from Paris, Milan and New York. 2. Suggestion: traffic, not enough clean drinking water, water supplies, smog, garbage, sewage, shantytowns 3. Suggestion: 3.1 Riots have broken out in Jakarta because the difference between rich and poor is widening. Poor people are the majority and live beneath the poverty level.
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C The use of will

1. 1.1 Future with will. Future situations are being predicted.

PRACTICE BOOK KEY

3.2 The Government plans to reduce population growth in Jakarta by drawing away new development to cities near the capital.
GRAMMAR Pages 9-10

c) it showed that a pint of organic milk has 68 per cent more omega 3 fatty acids than other milk.
GRAMMAR Pages 12-13

A Countable or uncountable?

A Comparison

1. (1) (2) (3) (4)

lower poorest most urbanised most rural

B Present Simple versus Present Continuous

1. Countable: years, nose, products, tomatoes, scientists, genes, technology, success, pesticides, farmers, thing, environment, crops, insects, diseases, eco-systems, system, effect Uncountable: corn, soy, health, meat, cheese, yogurt
B The plural

1. (1) is mushrooming (2) lives (3) live (4) is growing (5) has (6) is proving (7) are (8) dies (9) stems (10) are
C The -ing form

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 1. a) b) c) d) e) f)

virus bacterium tomato shelf butterfly tree this child boy bush shelf tomato bacterium tree butterfly child/boy, bush This, child/boy on, over into, in, of over on against against was discovered was invented has been done be cloned is considered was created

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

planning (subject) dealing (after a preposition) informing (after a preposition) reviewing (after while) Encouraging (subject) strengthening (subject)

C Noun + preposition

1.3 How far should we go?

VOCABULARY Page 11

1. a) 4; b) 3; c) 1; d) 7; e) 8; f) 2; g) 9; h) 5; i) 6; j) 10
READING Pages 11-12

D The Passive

2. Suggestion: Yes, we can. Not all scientists agree that organic food has health benefits. However, the experiments carried out show that organic food has more vitamin C, more polyphenols and a greater concentration of important minerals. 3. a) have darker and thicker skin, have 17 per cent more polyphenols, 14 per cent more vitamin C and a greater concentration of several important minerals. b) are so good as to have any real impact on health.

1. 1.1 a) b) c) d) e) f)

1.4 Consumerism and the environment

VOCABULARY Page 14

1. 1.1 a) avoid b) buy

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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

c) d) e) f) g) h) i)

use donate buy use share wrap rent

READING

Pages 16-17

2. a) growth; related; natural; overcrowding; incivility; especially b) movement; alternative; experience; safely; free c) recruit; do not; form; cultural
GRAMMAR Pages 15-16

1. a) 16 and 17 September 2006, the dates the volunteers collected the data for the report. b) 358 UK beaches c) 187 km of coastline d) 2006, the year the report refers to e) 4,000 volunteers f) 370,000 items of litter 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) 3. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) 3rd 4th 1st 1st 4th 2nd change collected more removed left on increased higher moves wrongly change taken dirty

A Past Simple versus Past Continuous

1. (1) was shopping (2) decided (3) had (4) knew (5) was (6) resented (7) were making (8) was spending (9) hoped (10) felt
B Passive with two objects

1. a) Johns girlfriend was bought a present. / A present was bought by John for his girlfriend. b) John will be sent an application form for a volunteer holiday. / An application form for a volunteer holiday will be sent to John (by them). c) John has been given a piece of advice about volunteer holidays by a friend. / A piece of advice about volunteer holidays has been given to John by a friend of his. d) He was shown some leaflets. / Some leaflets were shown to him (by her). e) Now he is being told something about a report she read. / Now something is being told to him about a report she read.
C The -ing form

1.5 Alternatives
VOCABULARY Page 18

1. (2) consciousness (3) vegetarianism (4) diet (5) health (6) ethical (7) voluntary (8) unusual (9) nomadic (10) philosophy (11) changes (12) planet
READING Pages 18-20

1. d) 2. Promoting green organisations, producing, writing and narrating documentaries, living in a solar house and driving a biodiesel car 3. 3.1 1; 11; 2; 3; 6; 10; 8; 4; 5; 9; 7; 12
Material Fotocopivel Santillana

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

reading doing applying Developing making

PRACTICE BOOK KEY

3.2 Suggestion: a) He used to have a traditional American diet with lots of red meat. MacDonalds and Wendys were his favourite places to eat. b) He became a vegan because he loves animals and does not want to be responsible for their suffering. c) He didnt become a vegan all of a sudden. First he gave up red meat and pork. A year later he gave up chicken. Over the next two years he gave up eggs and dairy products.
GRAMMAR Pages 20-21

MODULE 2 YOUNG PEOPLE AND CONSUMERISM 2.1 Consumers habits

VOCABULARY Page 22

A Defining and non-defining relative clauses

1. a) Moby explained the reasons that/which made him become a vegan. b) Moby has friends that/who are militant vegans. c) Moby doesnt even approve of any soap or body lotion that/which is animal tested. d) Fruitarianism is a variety of vegetarianism that/which I dont know much about. e) I just know fruitarians are people whose diet consists mainly of fruits and berries. 2. a) My friends, who are strict vegetarians, gave us a strange orange-coloured soup. b) The soy ice cream recipe they gave me is very tasty. c) They also avoid the products which are tested on animals. d) I met a young man who has been allergic to meat since he was a baby. e) Can we say that this young man, whose parents dont eat meat either, is a natural vegetarian? 3. a) Moby, whose vegan pancake recipe is on the Net, likes cooking for himself. b) If Moby is at a dinner party, he is not bothered by those people who are eating meat. c) Pepperoni, which looks like meat on a pizza, is excellent. d) Albert Einstein, who was one of the most famous scientists in the world, was a vegetarian. e) Many celebrities follow diets that/which dont include meat.

1. (1) variety (2) selection (3) protein (4) grains (5) vegetables (6) exercising (7) portions (8) overeating (9) eliminate (10) choices (11) make up for (12) nutrients (13) gradually (14) patterns (15) health
GRAMMAR Pages 21-23

A Prepositions

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

with on of with of for of at in

B already , still, yet

1. a) There are still many teenagers who skip breakfast in the morning. b) Many schools have already launched campaigns to change students attitudes to food. c) The problem is that most teenagers have not realised yet how important a healthful diet is. d) Many obese students are already experiencing health problems usually seen in adults. e) Schools are still looking for the best way to improve teenagers eating habits.
C Adverbs

1. (1) frequently (2) relatively (3) usually

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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

(4) obviously (5) wisely

READING Pages 24-25

READING

Pages 26-27

1.

1918 1950s

1. Suggestion: a) Mr Derek Smeath from Endwich Bank b) Ms Rebecca Bloomwood c) The purpose of the letter is to inform Ms Bloomwood that her free graduate overdraft facility is due to end in September and that she has exceeded her credit limit. d) Possible answer: She does not have the money to pay right away so she might be trying to collect the cash needed to pay the bank. Another possibility, is that she feels uncomfortable about the whole situation and she does not know how to cope with it. Maybe she thinks that if she ignores it, the debt will go away. 2. a) True. b) False. Ms Bloomwoods free graduate overdraft facility will last until September. c) False. She owes 3,794.56. d) False. She exceeded the limit of the credit she was entitled to. e) False. Rebecca should telephone Mr Smeaths assistant to arrange a meeting.

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

Nathan Swartz started his boot-making career as an apprentice-stitcher He bought the Abington Shoe Company and together with his sons made shoes for leading manufacturers The Swartz family introduced injectionmoulding technology into the footwear industry and produced one of the first truly waterproof boots named Timberland Swartzs company name was officially changed to The Timberland Company and later extended its production to casual and boat shoes The company became an international lifestyle brand and introduced Timberland clothing and womens wear Timberland introduced a wide range of products and the Timberland PROT Series of workboots for professionals

2. a) b) c) d) e) f)

Massachusetts shoe company Nathan Swartzs Nathan and his two sons waterproof leather boots Timberland s Timberland
Pages 27-28

GRAMMAR

A Rephrasing

2.2 Building an image

VOCABULARY Page 26

1. (1) promotion (2) consciousness (3) specialised (4) constantly (5) perfection (6) significant (7) unimaginable (8) concentrated (9) highly (10) stylists (11) creations (12) lives (13) snowboarding (14) favourite (15) consumers (16) electronic (17) clothes (18) distinction (19) placement (20) marketing

1. a) Nathan Swartz, who began his career as an apprentice stitcher, was the founder of Timberland. b) Three years later his sons were welcomed into the company. c) In the 60s, waterproof leather boots as they are known now did not really exist. d) Timberland ceased to be just a boot company when it added casual and boat shoes to its line. e) Then Timberland clothing and womens footwear were introduced. f) After coming up with more products in the 1990s Timberland introduced them to the world.
B Adjective or Adverb?

1. (1) terribly (2) normal (3) famous (4) perfect (5) insecure (6) serious (7) obsessively (8) destructive (9) surprisingly (10) dangerous
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(11) permanently (12) fatal

(5) for (6) to (7) on

B Adjective formation
Page 30

2.3 You cant escape!

READING

1. Suggestion: 1.1 Oxfam 1.2 To ask people to support the organisation and participate as volunteers. 1.3 At everybody. 1.4 It uses an image to show how peoples support is useful to fight poverty the man in the picture has a job and this means he can earn money and support himself.
VOCABULARY Page 31

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

fun (noun) + -y effect (noun) + -ive believe (verb) + -able essence (noun) + -ial delight (noun) + -ful base (noun) + -ic hypothesis (noun) + -ical care (noun) + -less child (noun) + -ish appeal (verb) + ing impossible unusual irresponsible Inefficient Non-verbal illegal Dissatisfied

1. marketing campaign
a) b) P E R c) d) M e) A f) O U U R V T J h) T A R C S P A D A g) M A R K E T I N G M S C E R R N E E E I H T T A G E T R C I A L V E A S E I C L D S E M E N T T I V E E S

C do and make

i)

1. 1.1 Do: a course, business, the shopping, a favour, wonders, an experiment, a job Make: a difference, the most of, believe, an effort, an offer, a choice

j) C k) M E S S A l) C U S T O M m) F L O P n) A o) A I p) S L O G q) I N

O N S U M E R G E E R P P E A L M A N F O R M

2.4 Whats the catch?

READING Pages 35-36

2. (1) advertisements (2) signs (3) shops (4) merchants (5) goods (6) criers (7) messages (8) customers (9) posters (10) newspaper
GRAMMAR Pages 32-33

1. Suggestion: a) Crisps with the brand Walkers lights. b) Young consumers, people who love crisps and do not want to put on weight. c) They are healthier and have the same taste. d) Every crisp lover will love Walkers lights; Walkers lights: deliciously light crisps from Walkers. e) To attract peoples attention and make them actually buy the product.
VOCABULARY Page 36

1. a) 6; b) 1; c) 3; d) 9; e) 2; f) 4; g) 11; h) 10; i) 5; j) 7; k) 8; l) 12 2. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) campaign manufacturers claims phrases fat-free misleading
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A Verb + preposition

1. (1) (2) (3) (4)

from in/with of to

PRACTICE BOOK KEY

(7) regulations (8) Low-fat (9) former (10) Researchers (11) consumers (12) content
GRAMMAR Page 37

Words not related to the topic: art, gallery, ill, view.

GRAMMAR Pages 39-40

A Reporting

A Reported speech

1. a) some manufacturers were getting away with seriously misleading descriptions about the content of their food products. b) healthy diets were a very important issue. Food safety had been a priority the previous year, but at that moment food-related disease was more important. c) UK food and drink manufacturers relied on the loyalty and trust of their customers and in no way set out to mislead. d) manufacturers would have to get across as much information as possible to consumers in what could sometimes be a very small space. e) industry agreed that marketing claims and labelling should be truthful and not misleading.

1. a) be no more redundancies. b) they had already started training programmes for those who were going to work with the new equipment. c) they were going to provide a nursery school for their employees children. d) wages would go up by at least 4% the following year. e) they had signed contracts with new clients. f) They promised to improve the working conditions in the factory. g) they were making great progress in cutting down pollution caused by their factory. 2. Suggestion: a) Good morning ladies and gentlemen. b) Im sorry Im late. c) I suggest the workers should go / go back to work since the Board of Directors has accepted most of their demands. d) Yes, of course I will inform you of the companys financial situation.
B Present Perfect: Passive

2.5 Targeting brands

READING Page 38

1. Suggestion: a) It is a franchise, selling sandwiches. b) To find development agents and franchisees. c) To expand and surpass McDonalds. d) By phone or e-mail.
VOCABULARY Page 38

1. have (you ever) thought; have been made (passive) 2. a) has been written b) have been analysed; have been run c) has been invested
C Use of tenses

1. K

A L M U W O R K E R G D N G A N A P R E S S U R E A

O R S B T I U N O S F I I D L N A O E O G S M O S T S T O I E G U X N O C I C I T C

I K G E U T A
R

G U L V N U N E P O L I

C Y A G L I N T E R

S O K W M E V C D E F W O P A

1. a) b) c) d) e) 1. a) b) c) d) e)

has bought have been informed took have repaired have applied could was able to can be able could have

V E R T I M E K O L A A D C C B V R N B R A N D I A C V A S N E E T H I C S O W W Q I F H Y L A A H S S T R I K E S E F Q W I T O R P O R A T

Q O R Y R R U U
S H O P

D Modal verbs: ability

E T A V I U W I
B O U R

E M I T L G H H I O N Z I

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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

MODULE 3 THE WORLD OF WORK 3.1 Times are changing

VOCABULARY Page 41

b) had been waiting c) had expected d) had finished 2. a) had read b) had been working c) had been doing
C Phrasal verbs with look

1. (1) experience (2) business (3) training (4) income (5) expertise (6) flexibility (7) isolation (8) busy (9) chores (10) partner (11) disadvantage (12) leisure (13) option (14) workplace (15) job
READING Pages 42-43

1. a) 4; b) 1; c) 6; d) 5; e) 3; f) 2 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) look up are looking forward look over look after look for look onto

3.2 New Challenges

VOCABULARY Page 45

1. a) 3; b) 1; c) 4; d) 1; e) 3; f) 1; g) 2; h) 3; i) 1
READING Pages 46-47

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

the people from People Magazine to be on desserts Jennifer and the other trainees the trainees the fact that we get tired the restaurant Jennifer M.

1. Suggestion: working conditions, wages, perks, taxes, overtime 2. Suggestion: Staff reduction and working conditions 3. a) 5; b) 3; c) 1; d) 2; e) 6; f) 4 4. a) b) c) d) contend burned out lack experts
Pages 47-48

2. a) 4, b) 3; c) 4; d) 1
GRAMMAR Pages 43-44

A Reported questions

1. a) The reporter wanted to know what section she was working on at that moment or if/whether she tended to do a bit of everything. b) The reporter asked how Fifteen had been going. c) The reporter wondered if/whether she had found being in a working kitchen a lot tougher than the training she had gone through. d) The reporter inquired that now she had been doing it for a few months if/whether she thought she wanted to stick it out as a chef. e) The reporter was curious to find out what it was like being a woman in the kitchen.
B Past Perfect Simple versus Past Perfect Continuous

GRAMMAR

A much, many, little, etc

1. a) b) c) d) 1. a) b) c) d) e)

many much; little more; less the most; the least four-year well-paid knowledge-based computer-operated highly-qualified

B Compound adjectives

C Use of tenses

1. a) had already applied

1. (1) went (2) demanding (3) began

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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

failed / had failed were carrying read deserves demand

GRAMMAR

Pages 51-52

A Reported Speech

D Rephrasing

1. a) are doing the best we can to serve patients. b) the poor working conditions in many of the nations hospitals, the strikes are likely to cease. c) the hospitals have cut staff, the nurses are out on the picket line. d) hospitals often required nurses. She thought that laid the groundwork for errors. e) there had been an increase in strikes because nurses did not feel they were being taken seriously.

1. a) The managing director of technology added that most managers had not figured out how to manage people they would not even see. But that problem would disappear with the following generation. People who were graduating then had been on the Internet all their lives and were much more willing to deal with each other at a distance. b) He also said that the team had experienced the inevitable cultural differences, but the more palpable divisions related to profession. c) The creative director in Ireland explained that the group working on the Logitech mouse had been a dream team. Communication problems had been rare because the team had met in person at the beginning of the project and once a month thereafter.
B Adjective formation: prefixes

3.3 Jobs with a difference

VOCABULARY Page 49

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

apply for application available, interview vitae vacancy candidate, qualifications, skills training employee, pay
Page 49

READING

1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

a) B; b) A; c) A D C, D A
Pages 50-51

1. a) inactive b) intolerant c) impolite d) unhappy e) dishonest f) unsuccessful g) unwilling h) indiscreet i) unpleasant j) unimportant k) independent l) illogical m) non-prejudiced n) non-conformist
C Use of tenses

READING

1. a) descriptive 2. a) B b) F, D, A, C c) E 3. a) Portugal b) Different time zones. c) They work in shifts. They work non-stop: one takes over where the other one has stopped. d) Better efficiency. e) Communication, cultural differences, lack of personal relationships

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

has been studying went has had has made has not been has been has done participating

3.4 Work and play

VOCABULARY Page 53

1. (1) stereotypes (2) strong

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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

(3) mechanical (4) nursing (5) skills (6) relate (7) lack (8) trait (9) benefit (10) sensibility (11) approach (12) gender (13) realise (14) advantages
READING Pages 54-55

GRAMMAR

Pages 56-57

A Linking words and phrases

1.

1. (1) that (2) As (3) But (4) and (5) because (6) in order to (7) who (8) When (9) which (10) before (11) sothat (12) due to
B Use of tenses

1,500 employees Mission Possible, a game to develop WHAT a new drug to treat schizophrenia WHERE The Johnson & Johnson unit To train nearly 1,500 employees on each others roles in the drug WHY development process and to get employees from the business world up to speed on the industry

WHO

2. Suggestion: 2.1 They had to give correct answers to the questions in order to move to the next level of the game. 2.2 As they normally have to deal with serious diseases, this was a break from routine and simultaneously a form of entertainment. 3. a) True. As serious games gain traction, business school professors are already planning courses that tap into the trend. b) True. Online games seem to be a great place to develop and test different prototypes for structuring and managing real organisations. c) True. In these games, players can quickly change their management style if it doesnt work. d) False. as companies become less command-and-control and more a series of distributed networks around the world 4. a) b) c) d) e) f) gain great different real quickly useful

1. (1) is planning (2) has heard (3) trying (4) loves (5) misses (6) do (7) spent (8) looking (9) sent (10) asking (11) surfing (12) phoned (13) set (14) wanted (15) had had
C Clauses of contrast

1. a) b) c) d) e)

However While Although In spite of but

2. a) Although they were late, they managed b) In spite of having vertigo, she wants

3.5 Time off

VOCABULARY Page 58

5. Suggestion: Both deal with online games and the potential they offer to develop workers / students skills.

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

fees earn support cost holiday attend qualified

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10

PRACTICE BOOK KEY

h) labour i) demand j) Benefits

READING Pages 58-59

2. a) 4; b) 6; c) 1; d) 3; e) 2; f) 5 3. a) b) c) d) e) f) put through put up with put off put on put up put out

1. d) 2. a) True. the high fees at American colleges, roughly 14,500 a year for tuition, room and board at a private university. b) False. Its part of the American way of life, c) True. I work to help put myself through college just as my parents did before me. 3. Suggestion: a) not only to support herself through college but also to allow herself to go out with friends or take holidays. b) benefits from the work done by students. 4. Benefits for the economy, labour supply, financial support 5. a) b) c) d) 6. a) b) c) d) e) Working through college Would-be employees Students Students roughly board coped with hallowed pool of would-be employees
Pages 60-61

C Giving emphasis

1. 1.1 a) Students do need to take some time off before university. b) Academic qualifications do help you to find work. c) Parents do have to spend a lot of money to put their children through university.
D Rephrasing

1. a) she worked to help put herself through college just as her parents had done before her. b) the hours were long but, with the extra money, you still had more of a life working than if you had been just studying. c) are really opened by hard work and application. d) cannot underestimate the benefits to the economy either.
E both and, both of, neither nor, not only but also

GRAMMAR

A Word formation: common prefixes

1. a) over + qualified (over means too much) b) under + estimated (under means too little) 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) antiglobalisation multifunctions minibus international misunderstand postwar prearranged rewrite semiskilled superstar ultralight undergraduate

1. (1) (2) (3) (4)

Both and Both of Neither nor not only but also

Pages 61-62

READING

B Phrasal verbs with put

1. Support myself while studying at university.

1. Suggestion: Sights: Day 1 Union Square; Day 2 Chinatown, Lombard Street, Victorian mansions in Pacific Heights, Golden Gate Park and Golden Gate Bridge, Twin Peaks, Fishermans Wharf; Optional Alcatraz Interesting facts: Day 1 founded by Spanish settlers; Californias most attractive metropolis; boutiques and department stores in Union Square; Day 2 the gold rush, Chinatown as the most densely populated area in the city, Lombard Street, the crookedest street in
Material Fotocopivel Santillana

11

PRACTICE BOOK KEY

America; 1906 fire; the waterfront; visit to Alcatraz sland, the most notorious prison from 1933 to 1963

b) Public holidays. 3. Suggestion: Seaside resorts, countryside, hiking in the country and sleeping at youth hostels, pot-holing, activity holidays, working holidays. 4. Suggestion: Most foreign holidays are package holidays. These holidays are booked a long time in advance.

MODULE 4 A MULTICULTURAL WORLD 4.1 One island, many traditions

READING Page 64

1. b); c); a) 2. a) F; b) NS; c) T; d) T; e) F; f) NS

VOCABULARY Pages 65-66

5. Present Simple. It is mostly used because the text deals with the British and what they usually do on holiday. It expresses the idea of routine.
GRAMMAR Pages 67-68

1. (1) belongs (2) language (3) cousin (4) overseas (5) populated (6) everyday (7) areas (8) particularly (9) visible (10) In spite of (11) appearance (12) entirely (13) rules (14) difficulty (15) pronounced 2. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) reminds Actually may be quite There whether, advice economical lose
Pages 66-67

A Modal verbs expressing probability, possibility and deduction

1. b) c) d) e) f) g)

possibility deduction possibility deduction possibility possibility

B Prepositional phrases

1. at times; on fire; at last; at once

C Use of tenses

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

has been gathered/would gather were seen are accepted go camp has developed includes cater

4.2 So near and yet so different

READING

1. a) No. Britain has fewer public holidays than any other country in Europe and fewer than North America. b) No. the practice of having a bridge is almost unknown. c) Yes. Every bank holiday weekend, there are long traffic jams along the routes to the most popular holiday areas. d) Yes. start talking about where to go in summer on Boxing Day (26 December). 2. a) Suggestion: Not working on a day that is between a public holiday and a weekend, making it a long weekend.

READING

Page 69

2. a) b) c) d) e)

What Who How What Why

3. Suggestion: a) Her father got lost when he went out to get some wood. b) A little band of leprechauns did. c) They were sad when they heard the girl cry. So they asked her for a lock of her
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PRACTICE BOOK KEY

hair and with it they made a harp. She played the harp and the music led her father home. d) It was made of a lock of her hair and the branch of a tree. e) He couldnt find the way home because of the fog.
VOCABULARY Page 70

1. a) 2; b) 7; c) 6; d) 1; e) 4; f) 3; g) 5 1.1 a) 4; b) 6; c) 5; d) 2; e) 7; f) 3; g) 1
GRAMMAR Pages 70-72

A Degrees of adjectives/adverbs

(3) have (4) was settled (5) began (6) founded (7) were living (8) was populated (9) became (10) was settled (11) conquered (12) came (13) took (14) have influenced (15) has been shaped (16) will enjoy

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

most important older more intimate biggest the best the most famous strongest

4.3 New countries, new traditions

READING Page 73

1. A-1; B-3; C-6; D-7; E-2; F-4; G-5; H-8

VOCABULARY Pages 74-75

B Relative Pronouns

A Borrowed words

1. a) Ireland, which is also known as the Emerald Isle, is an island lying off the north-western edge of the Eurasian landmass. b) Young Irish people who are trying to express themselves have produced a flourishing music scene. c) The traditional music festival I attended last summer is the proof of this vitality. d) The rock band U2, whose songs represent the countrys rock music scene, may be Irelands biggest musical export. e) The people who had been invited to the festival arrived very late. f) Female singer-songwriters like Enya, who was born in Donegal, have been equally successful.
C The definite article

1. a) Tent used by Native Americans in the past. b) Shoes made from soft leather with large stitches around the front. c) Woman (nowadays it is an offensive word) d) A member of a race from Northern Canada, parts of Alaska, Greenland and Siberia. Nowadays the word used is Inuit. e) Small round house built from blocks of hard snow by the Inuit people. f) Narrow boat that needs a paddle to move along in the water
B British and American English

1.

BRITISH ENGLISH underground

book

AMERICAN ENGLISH
subway

make a reservation
gas

petrol
return

round-trip
movies

1. (3) the (6) The (9) the (10) the (11) The (13) the (14) the (15) the
D Use of tenses

cinema
dynamo mad

generator crazy
sneakers

trainers
holiday

vacation
sidewalk

pavement
timetable

schedule
French fries

chips
postman

mailman
first floor

ground-floor
chemists biscuit
Material

1. (1) seem (2) are

drugstore cookie
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2.

BRITISH SPELLING favour

encyclopaedia enquire

AMERICAN SPELLING
favor

encyclopedia inquire
pajamas

1. a) b) c) d) e)

took away; brought up put up with end up make up taken up

pyjamas
theatre

theater
license

C Rephrasing

licence
naturalise

natualize
dialog program

dialogue programme
cheque

check
traveled fulfillment czar

travelled fulfilment tsar

whisky

whiskey

3. a) b) c) d) e) f)

Weve got home late again. He dived first. Peter isnt here. He has just left. They met the President last week. Nobody cooks it as I do. I havent seen him for weeks.
Page 75

VOCABULARY

1. (1) celebrated (2) oldest (3) group (4) ship (5) lost (6) hunger (7) winter (8) taught (9) crops (10) Americans (11) enough (12) So (13) thanksgiving (14) lasted (15) celebration (16) annual (17) states (18) holiday (19) families (20) turkey
GRAMMAR Pages 75-77

1. a) While we were travelling in Australia, we met an Aboriginal family who told us about their traditions. b) They used to be employed sometimes by the Europeans to catch prisoners because they were very good hunters. c) I wish I knew how to explain certain aspects of our culture in a better way. d) The Government gives many underprivileged Aborigines special grants to help them get an education. e) He apologised for not having seen to his familys economic well-being. f) We wanted to know if/wether they had taken the land from them and treated them badly. g) In spite of them trying to pass their traditions and skills on to the next generation, many have already been lost. h) If only most Aborigines spoke the language of their ancestors. i) You had better invest in education. It is your future. j) Only then was he aware of the importance of their culture.
D Linking words and phrases

1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

When However and Since Furthermore Although On the other hand As

4.4 Integration vs discrimination

VOCABULARY Page 78

A Conditionals

1. a) b) c) d) e)

had not segregated will survive were makes will have

B Phrasal verbs

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

mainly life employment homeless disabilities deprivation relationships

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(8) protection (9) financial (10) activities (11) strongly (12) unemployment (13) alienation (14) stigmatised
WRITING Page 78

the public. d) if you get out there on the streets, you will se that the world is not such a bad place after all. And you will let people actually take an interest in you.
GRAMMAR Pages 80-81

A Bare Infinitive

1. Suggestion: The Big Issue is a quality magazine sold by homeless people on the streets. It deals with issues that affect peoples lives, overlooked by the other media. It is an alternative to conventional charity and its vendors buy it for a fifth of the price they sell it for. John Bird founded it in 1991, inspired by Street News from New York. With the motto Help people to help themselves, The Big Issue aims among other things to provide an example of a socially responsible business and a response to homelessness, providing people with a voice in the media, to produce a quality magazine which engages readers with issues that affect their lives but are overlooked by other media.
READING Pages 79-80

1. a) b) c) d) e)

to change go to drink make Buy

B Rephrasing

1. a) greets people with smiles and cheers. b) popped by the Sydney office of The Big Issue, he wouldnt have gone through the training programme. c) only having a little room, you d) has been helped to change his behaviour by The Big Issue. e) working 7 days a week was enough to pay his rent
C Linking words

1. Suggestion: It means giving people a means to make something out of their lives. 2. Suggestion: 2.1 He is a Big Issue vendor in Australia. 2.2 He had been unemployed and a drunk for 10 years and on his way to church to collect food vouchers he dropped in the Sydney office of The Big Issue. 2.3 He had to do special training and follow a code of conduct. 2.4 He rented a room and earns his living by selling the street newspaper The Big Issue seven days a week. 3. a) He is a very good example of the way The Big Issue can help people help themselves. b) The code of conduct, which is the only criterion for selling The Big Issue, is a promise to stay away from alcohol and narcotics, and this is part of what has helped Marin Sullivan change his life. c) The Big Issue is designed to change this [], it is a way to help you interact with

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

which that but whose Instead and so that because

D Purpose clauses

1. a) in order to / to get away from political and social problems. b) so as not to feel marginalised. c) so that the younger generation may learn it. d) so that their parents cultural heritage may be preserved.

4.5 Living and sharing

VOCABULARY Page 82

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

quarter poverty wealth knowledge generation access

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(7) Educational (8) vocational (9) improve (10) develop (11) difference (12) logging
READING Pages 82-83

(9) cooks (10) feels (11) says (12) am

D Phrasal verbs with give

1. a) 2; b) 3; c) 4; d) 1; e) 5
E Linking words

1. Suggestion:
UNDP Goodwill Ambassadors Ronaldo WHO and Zidane WHAT Match against poverty WHERE Stade du Vlodrome, Marseille WHEN March 2007 World campaign against poverty WHY

2. a) b) c) d)

football superstars the result of the match the crowd at the stadium the amount raised by the match

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

While who that However Now When but and

3. a) 3; b) 4; c) 2; d) 5; e) 1
GRAMMAR Pages 84-85

A Rephrasing

1. a) whose aim was to help UNDP projects, was organised by Zidane and Ronaldo. b) was packed with a crowd of 26,000 c) Although Ronaldo and Friends looked the better of the two sides, a late barrage of goals of Zidanes side sealed the win in the match. d) FIFA supported the match.
B Prepositions

1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

by in from throughout for of of about with grew up would not notice branded was forcibly removed had determined was placed came is strongly tied
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C Use of tenses

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