SPFS Indonesia 2005

The Simple Process of Fish Pellet Making by Utilizing Organic Materials as a Supplemental Protein Source for Catfish Raising (Barito Kuala, South Kalimantan)
Abstract
One of the SPFS activities in Barito Kuala is Catfish intensification which has started in the beginning of the year 2005. It is known that good quality of the fish supplements are needed in order to get maximum result in the fish raising. Resulted from the Farmer Field School organized by SPFS, one of the farmer (member of Karya Sepakat farmer group) in Barito Kuala now has enabled to utilize organic materials for catfish pellet with easy and simple process. Nowadays, he has produced high volume of catfish pellet and market the product locally in Barito Kuala and Banjarmasin.

Detailed Description of the Technology

Barito Kuala is located in South Kalimantan which is categories as swamp tidal affected area. According to the FGDP prepared by the farmer groups, fish raising is judge as one of the farming activities which suitable for the environment. One of the SPFS activities in Barito Kuala is Catfish intensification which has started in the beginning of the year 2005. There are 14 farmers do catfish raising in the 5m x 20m fish pond which can hold optimally up to 1000 fish in each pond.

Figure 1. One of the Catfish Pond in Barito Kuala

SPFS Indonesia 2005

It is known that good quality fish supplements are needed in order to get maximum result in the fish raising. Resulted from the Farmer Field School organized by SPFS, one of the farmer (member of Karya Sepakat farmer group) in Barito Kuala now has enabled to utilize organic materials for catfish pellet making with easy and simple process. Even though the ingredient content (ex. Protein, carbohydrate etc) in the pellet has not yet been analyzed, it is evidenced that this pellet can give the maximum result to the farmers. In addition, to get a maximum result, to be considered that this pellet is made specifically for catfish raising. In addition, it also can be used for other type of fish though.

Freshness of raw material is important in its effect on the quality of the protein in the product. Moreover, the materials used for the catfish pellet are categorized as organic materials. The materials of catfish pellet and its composition are described below: 1. Sago palm (20%) 2. Mixture of rice and bran (40%) 3. Dried shrimp head (30%) 4. Cassava leafs (5%) 5. Remainder from any kind of fish (5%)

The process of making catfish pellet is simple and can be handled by the farmer easily. To produce in high capacity, a grinding machine is needed. However, simple tools such as manual grinding machine and boilers are enough to produce low capacity product.

Figure 2. Grinding machine used in Barito Kuala

SPFS Indonesia 2005

The process of making catfish pellet are described bellow. In addition, the process is assumed to produce 100 kg of catfish pellet and diesel grinding machine is used (Figure 2). 1. Prepare a place to mix the materials 2. Rasp the sago palm by using a machine or in traditional way (figure 3)

Figure 3. Rasping the Sago Palm

3. Put 20kg of the sago into the mixing place 4. Then, put 40kg of the mixture of rice and bran (Figure 4)

Figure 4. Putting the mixture of rice and bran

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5. Put 30kg of the dried shrimp heads (Figure 5)

Figure 5. Dried Shrimp Heads.

6. After that, put 5kg of the cassava leafs into the mixing place (Figure 6)

Figure 6. Putting the Cassava Leafs

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7. For the final layer, put the remainder from the fish.

Figure 7. The layer of the Catfish materials Pile

8. Turn and mix the pile (Figure 8)

Figure 8. Turning and mixing the catfish pellet materials.

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9. Place the mixed materials into a bowl (Figure 9)

Figure 9. Placing the mixed material into a bowl

10. Heat the grinding machine for few minutes. 11. Put the mixed materials into the grinding machine and put a bit of water (Figure 10). Use the dryer directed to the grinded materials in order to dry the pellet directly after it comes out from the grinding machine (Figure 11)

Figure 10. Putting the mixed materials into the grinding machine

SPFS Indonesia 2005

Figure 11. The dryer is directed to the catfish pellet.

12. Dry the catfish pellet in open air for 6 8 hours (Figure 12). To get maximum result, it is suggested to make the pellet in the morning, so the drying process still can be done from morning till afternoon.

Figure 12. Drying the Catfish Pellet in Open Air

The maintenance and keeping place for the catfish pellet is quite simple. By putting the catfish pellet into a shack and keeping them in the simple storehouse, the pellet can stand in good

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condition for fish consumption until 1 month. The store house used for keeping the pellet in Barito Kuala can be shown by the figure 13.

Figure 13. The Catfish Maker (Pak Norman) and The Catfish Storehouse.

The process of catfish pellet making can be done manually. Usually this process is used for producing low capacity product (1 5kg). Basically, the manual process is quite similar compare to the machinery process. The difference is only in the used of manual grind machine to transform the mixed material into pellets.

1. Do step 1 to step 8 2. Boil the water 3. Put the dry shrimp head and the remainder from the fish into the boiler. 4. Wait until 15 minutes and then put the other ingredients into the boiler. 5. Boil the materials up to 1 hour. 6. Dry the materials for few minutes and then put the boiled materials into a manual meat grinder. 7. Dry the catfish pellet in open air for 6 8 hours 8. Keep the catfish pellet in the store house until it used. The pellet can be stored up to 1 month.

For the catfish consumption of the pellet is depending on the age of the catfish. 2 kg per day of the pellet is needed for 1 month age of the catfish. Moreover, for the fish which has reached 5

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months old, 5kg per day of the pellet is needed. Based on experience in using the pellet, the duration between 5 -6 months is the average time to reach optimum size of the catfish to be sold.

Figure 14. The catfish reach the age of 5 months.

The Impact of the Technology

One of the farmer (Mr. Norman) in Karya Sepakat farmer group has succeeded to make catfish pellet and produce in high volume home industry scale. He already markets his product locally in Barito Kuala up to Banjarmasin (Capital city of South Kalimantan). The selling price of the catfish pellets is around 3000 IDR per 1kg which is cheaper than fabricated fish pellets (4000 IDR). Through the farmer field school, SPFS introduces process of pellet making as a simple, easy, useful, and affordable technology for the farmer. As a result of the technology, it automatically can generate more income to the farmer.

SPFS Indonesia 2005

Sources Information : o o o o o o Dr. Ayi Kusmayadi, National Field Manager Johan Purnama, Deputy NFM Indonesia on Farming System Ruhaimi Alman, District Coordinator Rezani Mahakam SP, Field Technician (Agricultural extension) Syaiful Asgar, AMd, Field Technician (Fishery extension) Norman, Karya Bakti Farmer Group Leader

Additonal external resources o FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, The production of fish meal and oil [http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/003/X6899E/ X6899E00.HTM] o Farminfo, Catfish Raising [http://www.farminfo.org/aquaculture/catfish.htm]

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