Cambodian Students Association in Japan

Essay Competition 2009

Finalists Essays
(In Alphabetical Order)

Cambodian Students Association in Japan

Essay Competition 2009

What are the grave challenges facing Cambodian youth at present and what can you do as
individual to contribute to addressing those challenges for yourself in particular and for
Cambodian society as a whole?

Name:

CHAN SOKYANA

Age:

16

Address:

No. 22B, ST 146,

S.K Phsar Depo II, KH. Toul Kork,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Tel:

012 80 16 61

Email:

sokyana_chan@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Youth are the most important human resource of Cambodia and they are the ones who bring
changes to the country. However, the present challenges that these young people are
encountering are the major perils that could reduce the quality of this resource and this could
result in significant impacts for the whole Cambodian Society. While Education is considered
to be the priority in investment for the development of the country, many teenagers abandon
their study in early grades and seek for work instead, with the hope to contribute the financial
pressure in their family, but it would be an inappropriate choice since they do not have
knowledge and skills required to meet the labour market demand. The second problem is the
popularity of drugs amongst youth. The lack of drug awareness and the ability to make
precise decision could be the threats for young people to ruin their life in drugs. Another
noticeable issue is labour exploitation. Poverty, the lack of knowledge and Cambodian labour
law awareness, encourage more teenagers to seek work far away from their villages where
they could easily face violence and sexual abuse, while young females could be trafficked
and forced to be prostitutes. Finally, the widespread of HIV amongst young people is also an
important concern. The lack of self-control and critical thoughts, the restriction on the
discussion and information related to sexuality as well as the popularity of foreign culture in
the Cambodian society, could impact on the sexual and reproductive health amongst youth
and more people become involved in sex in earlier age.
Individual teenagers themselves play a very crucial role in combating these problems.
Individuals should understand their roles in the family and the society, be aware about their
problems as well as being willing to learn from their own mistakes in order to be a better
person. Each individual should also guide their friends and other youth through Friend
Educates Friends, and raising awareness about these problems as well as raising youths
voice to the public forum by youth themselves would be the most important method to reduce
the present challenges amongst youth.

INTRODUCTION
For my virginity they gave me $200. Ya Da, a 16-year-old former prostitute, said. 1
Because of poverty, many young innocent girls are trafficked and forced into prostitutes. But
this is just one of many challenges that Cambodian youth are encountering. The impacts of
the past civil wars and political instability have had negative influence on young generations
that they have inherited poverty and illiteracy. While entering into the new millennium with
gradual development, problems amongst teenagers such as drugs, HIV/AIDS, crimes, sexual
abuse and labor exploitation, etc, have added more pressure on the whole Cambodian society.
Since young people represent the future leaders of the nation, it is very important that they
should be guided to which road they should go, but individual juveniles are the first and the
most vital people who have to decide about their own future and choose their own
appropriate way in order to gain full capacity for serving and reconstructing Cambodia that
was completely damaged by hostility.

DEFINITION
According to UNESCO, youth are considered to be between 15 and 24 years of age. 2
Youth are in a life stage that faces significant changes in both physical appearance and
emotion, and they want to do something new which makes them be easily attracted by what
they see and hear. Due to the lack of elders guidance, these people could choose a life road
that could risk themselves as well as those surrounding them.

PROBLEMS
Education is extremely crucial in promoting human resource for the development of
Cambodia. While youth literacy 3 rate was 88% for males compared to 79% for females [1524 years old], based on 2000-2006 UNICEF Data 4 , it seems that illiteracy could be no longer
a noticeable issue for young people. Nevertheless, the problem comes up with school
abandonment. In spite of around 90% enrolment for Primary school for both sexes, only
around one-third continue their study in Secondary School. 5 This shows the decline in the
number of school enrolment as students go to higher grades, and the reasons for this decrease
could be very obvious. Although the government has improved the number of primary
schools, more high schools, especially in remote areas, are required. Some students,
1Cambodias

Thriving Child Prostitution Industry [online]. Available from:

http://www.humantrafficking.org/updates/811
2UNESCO: Acting with and for Youth [online]. Available from:
http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.phpURL_ID=10993&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
3 UNICEF defines literacy as the ability to read and write
www.unicef.org/infobycountry/stats_popup5.html
4Statistics [online]. Available from:
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/cambodia_statistics.html
5 ibid

particularly females, are discouraged to continue their study due to financial pressure in their
family which forces them to abandon their education and seek for work. It has been reported
that the majority of children aged 15-17 work on a minimum of 43 hours per week, [nearly
twice greater than] the time spent on studying on an average of 23.5 hours per week. 6 In
addition, frequent school drop outs, corruption, and the lack of teachers necessary skills to
produce interesting lessons, could be all the major causes that make (poor) students tired of
education. Albeit these students can read and write, it is still inadequate. Without obtaining a
high school graduation certificate and training in a particular university, these youth do not
seem to have necessary skills to meet the labour market demand and consequently, they are
not likely to release themselves from poverty which could continue to affect their children.
Drugs are very common amongst Cambodian youth and they are the most important
concern for the whole society, especially parents. The 2008 NACD 7 report reveals that
amongst the identified illegal drug users, more than 80% are less than 26. 8 When we ask why
drugs are more popular amongst youth than adults, the answers could be quite simple. There
is no doubt that teenagers want to experience something new and some may risk their life to
try drugs because they want to know how they feel after taking drugs, and once they do that,
they become addict. Moreover, youth are usually lack of critical thought and thus they could
be easily persuaded to do drugs by their friends and sometimes, they are tricked to serve a
purpose such as labor exploitation. In particular, some young Cambodian prostitutes are
sometimes drug abused so that they are easily controlled in their brothels. Furthermore, the
lack of drug awareness and early school abandonment could be the major causes that make
young people become drug addict. For instance, the number of street children involved in
methamphetamines in Phnom Penh increased more than 7 folds from 12% in 2000 to 87% in
2007. 9 Due to a large number of harmful consequences of drugs on individuals such as health
problems, a high risk of HIV infection, and because drugs have also negative impacts on
family and society as a whole, it is extremely crucial that youth avoid all their contacts
related to drugs.
Another controversial issue is labour amongst youth. The 2003 national survey
illustrates that 27, 950 of domestic workers in Phnom Penh are between 7 and 17 and most of
them are females 10 , and only 10% could access education. 11 Poverty that present Cambodian
youth inherit from their previous generation could be a threat that forces them to leave school
6Childrens work in Cambodia: A Challenge for Growth and Poverty Reduction [online].
Available from:
http://www.siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPLABSOCPRO/Resources/UCWCambodia.pdf
7 National Authority for Combating Drugs
8NACD launches annual report on the drug situation in Cambodia [online]. Available from:
http://www.nacd.gov.kh/enw/PAGES/120808.htm
9
CAMBODIA: Methamphetamine usage rising [online]. Available from:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=79917
10 http://www.nis.gov.kh/
11
Brown, E., 2007. Out of Sight, out of Mind? Child Domestic Workers and Patterns of
Trafficking in Cambodia [online]. Available from:
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/cache/offonce/pid/1674?entryId=14481

and seek for work overseas and in big cities like Phnom Penh, where the security is not
guaranteed, in order to make income to support their family and their little siblings education.
Without clear information about their work and the awareness about labour law, those who
work far away from their villages are very likely to become the victims of drug abuse,
violence and labour exploitation as well as limited freedom. It is reported that 18% of young
domestic workers do not receive any payment but their work is only exchanged with food and
shelter while nine-tenth are not permitted to contact others outside the house, and 10% have
been raped during their work. 12 Sometimes, female teenage work-seekers could be trafficked
and some could be forced to become prostitutes, against their wish, and face a high
proportion of HIV infection. Apart from this, the current economic recession could be
another pressure to encourage more and more teenage workers to be involved in more
dangerous workplaces, in which human rights are less respected, in order to meet their
familys demand.
HIV susceptibility amongst youth is another major concern. Data reveals that almost
50% of new HIV infections are less than 24 13 which could illustrate the widespread of sexual
behaviour risk amongst youth. Although drug users and rural migrants for labour seeking
could take a large part of this proportion (as discussed above), the decline in familys
pressure on young people could also be a vital issue. Those, especially males, who continue
their study far away from their hometown, could enjoy their full independence, and due to
friends persuasion as well as the lack of sexual behaviour control, these people are likely to
be HIV victims. Apart from this, the cultural and traditional concepts that discussion and
information related to sexuality are regarded as impolite and should be avoided, could impact
on the understanding of sexual health. According to DanChurchAid 14 :
For the youth in Cambodia, information about sexual health and HIV is often hard to come by, since parents,
teachers, religious leaders and others who have influence over the information and decisions available to young
people have often been reluctant to discuss sexual and reproductive health with young people in a way that
enables them to make informed decisions and to access services available.

Besides, the decrease in the Khmer cultural value and social morality as the results of low
education and the strong influence of foreign culture, are also the main causes that make
many young Cambodians become HIV vulnerable. Therefore, rapes become more common
and more people are involved in sex in earlier age.

ibid
Khana. The Future: Youth and HIV/AIDS in Cambodia [online]. Available from:
http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102253083.html
14 Maia, K.L., 2007. HIV/AIDS awareness, prevention and support [online]. Available from:
http://www.danchurchaid.org/sider_paa_hjemmesiden/where_we_work/asia/cambodia/re
ad_more/hiv_aids_awareness_prevention_and_support
12
13

WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?

Nonetheless, it is very important that challenges amongst youth should be reduced in
order to ensure that young human resource is qualified to meet social demand in the future.
Apart from the significant role of the government, each individual teenager is the first one
who influences the most in cutting down all their own problems. They should be aware about
their own current issues that they could possibly encounter and something should be done to
release themselves as well as other youth from these challenges.

ROLES OF INDIVIDUALS FOR THEMSELVES

It is invaluable that individuals understand their roles in the family as well as in the
society. We should set our goals to meet social requirements and the first thing to achieve
these goals would be to catch study opportunity since youth are in the best period of
education. Being a good student by studying hard and producing a good exam result is the
starting point to build a strong root toward a fruitful life in the future. The longer teenagers
are educated, the more they are aware about social issues and the more they are prepared to
enter the society. After twelve years of education, students will have a clear understanding
about drugs, HIV and its prevention as well as Cambodian laws and human rights, etc, and as
a result, students could use this knowledge to protest any kind of possible exploitation and
abuse that they face. In addition, we need to ensure that what we have learnt is taken into
practice. When we are aware about drugs, HIV and their consequences, it is very necessary
that we do not involve or waste money and life in them.
Secondly, it is obvious that no one is perfect and it would be worth value if
individuals try to evaluate their actions and correct their own mistakes. Of course, people
always learn from their mistakes, and a real learner would try to prevent the same fault from
occurring for the second time. In contrast, it would be unconscious if the same mistake
happens for several times and people are not willing to correct their own mistakes, and I think
it would never be late for those who try to learn from their bad past experience.
Finally, it is significant that individuals are aware about their own problems in the
society since youth could learn from others experience, and as a consequence, they could try
to prevent themselves from those barriers. For instance, when teenagers learn about
influences of drugs on a particular person, this could get their attention to stay away from
drug addiction or they could have similar results.

ROLES OF INDIVIDUALS FOR THE WHOLE SOCIETY

6

Individuals are also vital in guiding those around them toward a good road. Teenagers
should help each other through FRIEND EDUCATES FRIENDS so that missing gaps could
be fulfilled. However, we need to build ourselves first to be a respected person so that our
actions could be followed. This means that before we persuade a friend to study hard, we
need to ensure that we are already a good student and pay a lot of attention in studying.
Friends could help one another in a number of ways. For one thing, they could
persuade their friends who are doing drugs to cease their bad habits through emotional
support since drug users normally feel abandoned. Likewise, students often feel bored in
class when they cannot follow lessons and this makes them feel tired of education which
could lead to school abandonment. Conversely, encouraging slow learners to study by being a
volunteer to explain them difficult lessons or exercises could produce a different result.
Sometimes, financial aid is impossible for us as a teenager, but emotional support might play
a very important part. For instance, when one of our classmates is facing labour exploitation,
financial problem or accommodation when he/she leaves the village for further education, we
can provide him/her some advice and try to show our willing to find an NGO that could
provide him/her a good assistance.
Before finding a suitable solution, it is essential to identify the problem, and since
youths voice is often unheard, some challenges that they are encountering are probably not
very obvious to the public. Particularly, when hiring young domestic workers is common in
Cambodia, many people may not realize that these young workers are exploited. Therefore,
youths voice needs to be raised to the public forum. Teenagers have to reveal their voice, tell
the public what kind of problems they are facing and ask for help through writing essays or
texts to local newspapers or magazines. By raising awareness to the whole society, people
would understand about the real issues of young Cambodians and these problems could be
likely solved nationwide.

CONCLUSION
To sum up, school abandonment, drugs, labour exploitation and HIV/AIDS are all the
major issues amongst youth, and without appropriate actions, these teenagers could be
harmfully affected. Since young people are the significant Cambodian human resource, these
challenges also result in significant consequences for the whole society. Although youth need
to be guided, how they are guided would be the most vital concern. Self-guiding towards a
bright road is the first thing that individuals should bear in mind and once they achieve that,
guiding others around them, would reveal a great contribution in assisting the society to
combat problems amongst young people. Moreover, raising youth awareness by teenagers
themselves in their own community would help raise youths voice and attract more people to
pay more attention on the present challenges amongst youth.

BIBLIOGRAPY

2006. Childrens work in Cambodia: A Challenge for Growth and Poverty Reduction [online].
Available from:
http://www.siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPLABSOCPRO/Resources/UCWCambodia.pdf [Accessed 6 March 2009]
2008. Cambodias Thriving Child Prostitution Industry [online]. Academy for Educational
Development. Available from: http://www.humantrafficking.org/updates/811 [Accessed 30
March 2009]
2008. CAMBODIA: Methamphetamine usage rising [online]. IRIN. Available from:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=79917 [Accessed 25 March 2009]
2008. NACD launches annual report on the drug situation in Cambodia [online]. Drugs
Information Center. Available from: http://www.nacd.gov.kh/enw/PAGES/120808.htm
[Accessed 5 March 2009]
2009. Statistics [online]. UNICEF. Available from:
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/cambodia_statistics.html [Accessed 3 March 2009]
2009. UNESCO: Acting with and for Youth [online]. UNESCO. Available from:
http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.phpURL_ID=10993&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html [Accessed 3 March
2009]
Brown, E., 2007. Out of Sight, out of Mind? Child Domestic Workers and Patterns of
Trafficking in Cambodia [online]. IOM. Available from:
http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/cache/offonce/pid/1674?entryId=14481 [Accessed 18 March
2009]
http://www.nis.gov.kh/
Khana. The Future: Youth and HIV/AIDS in Cambodia [online]. Available from:
http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102253083.html [Accessed 25 March
2009]
Maia, K.L., 2007. HIV/AIDS awareness, prevention and support [online]. Available from:
http://www.danchurchaid.org/sider_paa_hjemmesiden/where_we_work/asia/cambodia/read_
more/hiv_aids_awareness_prevention_and_support [Accessed 25 March 2009]

eQa mIu samWDI

Gayu 20qaM
Gasydan pHelx 5 GW1 pv 108 sgat; RsHck
xNdUneBj PMeBj
TUrsB 011 39 89 46

RbFanbT

etIkgeBlbcb,nenHyuvCnExr
kMBugRbQmmuxnwgbBaaGVIxH?
kgnamCabuKlmYyrUb etIGkGacrYmcMENk edaHRsaybBaaTaMgenaH sMrab;rUbGkpal;
kdUcCasMrab;sgmExrTaMgmUly:agdUcemcEdr?
GtbTsegb
eyIgebCJacit nig eCOCak; fa yuvCnExr EkERb tMlrbs;sgmExr BI Gn;fy eTA rugerOg l,Il,aj
dUc smyGgr eGaysmdUcBak fa BUCGkcM)aMg. naeBlfInTsvtS 70 enH
rUbPaBnkm<Ca )anERbkayeTACavb,Fm mYyEdlexcxaM edaysarsgam bMpicbMpaj nig smab;rgal.
TidPaB sniPaB rbs; ksikr EdleFVIdMNaM sUvtameBlevla Edl)anGnuvt CaeRcInstvtS mkehIy
ehIyrYmnwgkMeNIn sgmnTIRkugPMeBj )anbr rUbPaBnesaknadkm karePosxnnig GMeBIBukrlYy
CaRbcaM nig mhavinaskm dFMeFg Edl)anekItman cMeBaH bTBiesaFn_ nRbCaCnkm<Ca. kumar
CaBuknmnusScas; dUc yuvCn CakMlaMg clkr sg mnusS vycMnas;Edl Fab;Etqgkat; vyyuvCn
ebomCab;nUv karxitxMtsU edIm,I CnCMnan;eRkay. cMnuc TaMgbI Edl nwgtUvelIkeLIg enH Casl edaHRsay
nUv bBaa yuvvy dUcCa PaBKankargareFVI karqgemraKeGds_ ecarkm eRKOgejn EdlsuTswg
CabBaaeraKsBaa bgak;kMenInesdkic km<Ca.
cMnucTImYyenaH KWCa el,nnkarGanesovePA. cMnucTIBIrenaHKWCasmtPaBn karcgcaM
rbs;bNasisS nisSitExr. cMnucTIbIenaH KWCa ebCacit. RbsinCaeyIgKitGviCman famBlBitCa GviCman
EtebIeyIgKitviCman enaHfamBlkviCmanEdr. KnwHedIm,ITTYl)aneCaKCy vasitenAelIxneyIgCaGkkMnt;
EtminEmn GaRsyeTAelI karkMnt;BIGkdT. yuvCnExr CaTwk rIesdkic nig tMlsgmExr CaTUk.
TUklic rWelc vaGaRsynwgTwk nwg rW rlk. manEtbdivtxagpvcit KMnitenHeT EdlGac nwgBt;CIvit
[eTACYbnwg eCaKCy)an EtBMumannyfaRbqaMgCIviteLIy. dUecHGVIEdleyIgtUveFVI Cabzm KWeyIgtUvdk
xnecjBIPaBRsBicRsBil. ya:gNamij yuvCnExr enAeBl )anCMnH dUcEdl erobrab; xagelImintUvePc
nUv rtnsm,ti bI KW sIlFm emtakruNa nig karBayam.

esckIGFib,ay
eyIgebCJacit nig eCOCak; fa yuvCnExr EkERb tMlrbs;sgmExr BI Gn;fy eTA rugerOg l,Il,aj
dUc smyGgr eGaysmdUcBak fa BUCGkcM)aMg. RbeTskm<Ca RtUv)anTTYlsal;fa Ca TwkdIdRss;bMRBg
nRbCaBlrdEdlmanTwkmux jjwm Cab;Canic. yuKmasnGriyFm dsm,r rugerOg tUv)an Esgecj
edaysabtkm Epksasna dmhima nig man kMritkMBUl kgsmyGgr Edlksag cab;taMg BIstvtS TI 9
rhUtdl; TI 14.
naeBlfInTsvtS 70 enH rUbPaBnkm<Ca )anERbkayeTACavb,Fm mYyEdlexcxaM
edaysarsgam bMpicbMpaj nig smab;rgal. TidPaB sniPaB rbs; ksikr EdleFVIdMNaM
sUvtameBlevla Edl)anGnuvt CaeRcInstvtS mkehIy ehIyrYmnwgkMeNIn sgmnTIRkugPMeBj )anbr
rUbPaBnesaknadkm karePosxnnig GMeBIBukrlYy CaRbcaM nig mhavinaskm dFMeFg Edl)anekItman
cMeBaH bTBiesaFn_ nRbCaCnkm<Ca.
kumar CaBuknmnusScas; dUc yuvCn CakMlaMg clkr sg mnusS vycMnas;Edl Fab;Etqgkat;
vyyuvCn ebomCab;nUv karxitxMtsU edIm,I CnCMnan;eRkay. yuvCnExr tUvEtman cMeNHdwg manTaMgsartI
han lHbg;RKb;Ebbya:g edIm,IvDnPaBCatismRsbeTAtam BakesakmYyeBalfa GVITaMgGs; edIm,I
GPivDmatuPUmikm<Cad dMst; nig CaTIesha rbs;eyIg ! CaktacM)ac;bMput. eyIgtUv kMnt;
eGayc,as;etIGVICaeraKsBaa nig GVI CaCMgW. qgecjtamkarGegt viPaK riHrk RsavRCav kgGtny bgbegIn
nUv smtPaB rbs; yuvCnExr eyIg eXIj nUvcMnuc xVHxat EdlnwgekIteLIg RbcaMf ehIyCH\TiBlya:g
FMeFg kgkar begIn cMnYn bBavn Rbkbeday KuNPaB nwg sIlFm. cMnuc TaMgbI Edl nwgtUvelIkeLIg enH
Casl edaHRsay nUv bBaa yuvvy dUcCa PaBKankargareFVI karqgemraKeGds_ ecarkm eRKOgejn
EdlsuTswg CabBaaeraKsBaa bgak;kMenInesdkic km<Ca.
cMnucTImYyenaH KWCa el,nnkarGanesovePA rbs; bNasisS nisSitExr. CakarBitNas; yuvCn
ExrmYycMnYnFMsmlm min ykcit Tukdak; GanesovePA pyeTAvij BYkeK BwgEtelI KU eGayGanCMnYseK.
rIGkEdlGan nig RsavRCav ksar vijenaH BYkeK )ancMNayeBlCaeRcIn kgkar GanesovePA
mYyk,al. RbsinCa BYkeK Ganeday el,n eln nig qab;cgcaM )anyUr enaH etI kgmYyema:g
eKGacGan b:unan k,al? cuH mYy GaTit mYyEx mYyqaM eKTTYlcMeNHdwg )anb:unan PaKry eRkABI
salaeron? cuHebIyuvCn Exr TaMgRbusTaMgRsI srubTaMgGs;cMnYn R)aMbYnlannak; etI RbeTskm<Ca
TTYl)annUv RbsiTPaBesdkic cMeBaH visyGb;rM eTAelI yuvCn)an b:unan PaKry ebI eRbobeFob nwg
karGanyWt? minRtwmEtb:ueNaH eT visyGb;rM Bit Ca ekIn nig sMerceKaledA )an qab;rhs CageBlevla

EdleRKagTukeTAeTot. ehIyGVI BiessCagenHeTAeTotenaH RbsinCaeyIg bNHbNal

kUnekgeGayGanelOn etIeBl GnaKt eK GacGanelOn CagyuvCnEdlkMBugcab;epImGnuvtviFIenH
b:unandgeTA? el,OnnkarGan CamFm 250 BakkgmYynaTI tUv)an cat;TukfaminTan; l sUm,I Et
el,On 400 eTA 600 BakkgmYynaTI keday. etI GVIEdlCadMeNaHRsay? cMeBaH bBaaenH xJMman
esovePA Bnl;BI rebobGan nig beckeTs Gan edIm,I QaneTAdl; rab;Ban; BakkgmYynaTI.
ma:gvijeTot bBaaenH eKBMueXIj RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kILa ykcitTukdak;eT CaBiess
GgkareRkArdaPi)al mYYycMnYn kminENnaM BI viFIsMgat;enHEdr.
cMnucTIBIrenaHKWCa karcgcaM rbs;bNasisS nisSitExr. CaTUeTAbBaaenHvaekIteLIg esIrRKb;RbeTs
cMeBaH sisSanusisS CaBiesssisS EdlkMBugeron tambNamhaviTaly. karcgcaM exSay
vaeFVIeGaysisS enaH min sb,aycitnwgkareron Rblgmin)anBinl )ak;Twkcit ehIyCaBiesseTAeTotenaH
kasTTYl)anGaharrUbkrN_mantic ebIeRbobeFobeTAnwg bNasisS breTs. edayehtuenH ehIy)anCa
sisS breTsmYycMnYn mankasTIpSarkargarFMTUlay ehIy mansmtPaB cMeNHdwg Cag
bNanisSitExrmYycMnYn eRBaHeKcUlcitGan ehIycgcaM )anyUreTotpg. GVIEdlKYreGayesaksay enaH
KWbNasisS ExrmYycMnYn minTukciteTAelI RbBnGb;rMkgsuk cMnayluy deRcInsnwksnab;
edayeTAeroneRkARbeTs. CakarGegt eTaHbICaGkTaMgenaH eTAeron breTskeday RbsinCa eK min
ykcitTukdak; RsavRCav GanesovePA tamEdlKUkMnt;eGayenaHeT enaHeKBitCa enAEtlg; dEdl.
pyeTAvij Rbsin CanisSitExr GanesovePA eRcInCagnisSit breTs BIrdg kgmYyqaMsikSa
RBmTaMgcgcaM )anyUr gaycab;)annUv RTwsI enaH smtPaBrbs;nisSitExr kxaMgCag nisSitbreTsEdr.
enAelIelaksnivasenH KannrNaekItmk mankarcgcaM ldUcKaeT. mansMnYrmYyelIkeLIgfa cuHebI
eTBekasl rW xYrk,alrbs;eyIg minsUvl qab;ePc mindUc GkdT etIenHminEmnCaGVI
EdlFmCati)ankMNt;
eGayeyIgeTACadUecHrW?
etIenHCakmrbs;eyIgrW?
cMelIyenaHKW
minEmnedayehtuplenHeT. RbsinCaGk maneTBekaslBIkMenIt BUEkkarcgcaM EtGkmin)anBayam
vwkhat;bEnmeTot enaH kcat;Tukfa karcgcaMrbs;GkmankMritEdr. cMeBaH GkEdlminmaneTBekasl
RbsinCaeKvwkhat; nig sVHEsVg rkKnwHedIm,IcgcaM)anlenaH eKnwgeCaKCy Cak;Caminxan. vadUcCa
sMelokbMBak; ebIkalNa eyIg TijmkBIpSar vaR)akdCa eBlxHminsmnwgrUbrageyIg EtebIeyIg
kat;sMelokbMBak; vas;EvgeGay tUvragrbs;eyIgenaH R)akdCa saksm sat sgaRkElg CaCag
GkEdlman sMelokbMBak; fI TMenIbeTAeTot.

KnwHedIm,ITTYl)aneCaKCy vasitenAelIxneyIgCaGkkMnt; EtminEmn GaRsyeTAelI

karkMnt;BIGkdT. mnusSEdlTTYl)aneCaKCy EtgEt lWsUrBak ebCacit kgRtecokeK minEdl ePc.
CaTUeTA kMlaMgxagkgCaktaCMruj kgkareFVIGIV TaMgGs;. cuHebI nisSitExr mYycMnYn EtgEtKit fa RbBnGb;rM
Exr exSay EtBYkeKminBayamxMCMnH ral; ]bsKTaMgenHeT EbrCa eTarTn; minsUvCaxMeron ehIy
GkxHeTot eRskXanEteron enAeRkARsuk. enHCaCMerIscugeRkayrbs;eKrW? minRtwmEtb:ueNaHeT
manyuvCn Exr eRcInNas; Edl EtgEtKit fa sanPaBKYsaryab;yWun edaysar kmplBIGtItCati
ehIyEfmTaMg e)aHbg;karsikSaecal edayykelsfa eronmincUl rWGkxH Kitfa
xYrk,alxnminsUvleTIb )anCaeronexSay. cuHehtuGVIeKminBayam ebCacitBuHBarral;]bsKTaMgenH
edayEfmTaMgdwg BI viFIedIm,IeronBUEk? enH edaysarEtkg xYrk,alrbs; eK Kit BIGVIEdlCa GviCman eTIb
skmPaBrbs;eK kvaGviCmanEdr. eyIgkminbenasEdreRBaHeRkaysgamraMur kgVl;dGsar
EdlCnrgeRKaHnCMrMuRbmUlBiXat
GtItyuTCn
nig
CnrgeRKaH
nPaBhwgSa
TTYlrgeRKaHedayCMgW )ak;s,ateRkayesaknadkm. KMnitrbs;eyIgCafamBl. RbsinCaeyIgKitGviCman
famBlBitCa GviCman EtebIeyIgKitviCman enaHfamBlkviCmanEdr. enAeBlEdlGarmN_
cab;epImcUlrYmCamYykarKit
famBlBitCaxaMgeLIg
EtfamBlvaminenAesmeLIy.
vanwgBRgIk\TiBlrbs;va. vaBRgIkxnRKb;eBlEdlGkKit. Gkkan;EtKitBI GVImYykan;EtyUr
vaBRgIkxnkan;EtxaMg. karRsmeXIjnUvGVIEdl Gkcg;)an vabgeGayfamBlekIteLIg.
enAeBlEdlfamBlvakan;EtrwgmaM vahak;bIdUcCa emEdk dUecaHEdr. edayfafamBlenAkgxnGk
enaHvanwgRsUbyknUv rUbFatudUcEdlGkKit. Ca]TahrN_Cak;Esg RbsinCasisSnisSit ExrmYycMnYn
KitfaxneronminBUEkdUcGkdTenaH famBlenHnwgRsUbTajral;GVI GviCmandUcCa ykkaredIrelgCMnYs
kareron qab;FujRTaMnwgkareronsURt CaedIm. karKitBIPaBviCman nwgeFVIeGaymnusS mansuxPaBl CagGk
KitBIGviCman. ]TahrN_TIBIr cUrGkBiesaFxnGk. munnwgCYbmitPki cUrGk KitGviCmaneGay
eRcIntamEdlGaceFVIeTA)an eTAelImitrbs;Gk nig fEskcUrGkKitviCman eTAelImitPkidEdlrbs;Gk.
enaHGknwgdwgfa skmPaB TaMgkarniyaysI kayvikar BitCaxusKaCak;Caminxan. dUcEdlGkR)aCJ
EtgEteBal fa kalNaGarmN_ cUlkugxnmnusS vaecjmkvij eday bgajtamrysac;dMu dUcCa EPk
Twkmux CaedIm. etIGVICadMeNaHRsaycMeBaHbBaenH cMeBaHRbCaCnExr? cMelIyKWgayRsYl ebCacit
faxnnwgsMerceKaledArbs;xn KitviCman GmedaykarBayam. dUcsmnwgsuPasitmYyeBalfa dMufFM FM
rEmgCamitPkirbs;mnusSxil. edayehtuplenHehIy )anCa xMJeRbIBak ebCacit enARbeyaKTImYy
kgesckIepIm.

srubesckI edaysegb kgGtny sabna eyIgeXIjfa yuvCnExrCa tYGgmYydsMxan;

kgsgmExr. eyIgGacniyayfa yuvCnExr CaTwk rIesdkic nig tMlsgmExr CaTUk. TUklic rWelc
vaGaRsynwgTwk nwg rW rlk. eyIgtUve)aHbg; nUvTMlab; TMlak;karTukcit eTA elI mKeTskneya)ay
eTAelIEtRTwsI Edlva begIteGayeyIgnUvPaB minR)akmYy eRBaHRTwsI mYyGacCMnYs )anedayRTwsImYyeTot
GkdwknaMmYyGacCMnYs)anedayGkdwknaM mYy dUecH GkkMBug sitkg PaBvegVgvgVan;rYcCaeRsc.
GkbBavntUvbraCy RTwsIrbs;eKenaHkbraCyEdr TIbMput ebIeyIgenAEtTukcit eTAelIGk
dwknaMrbs;eyIgenaH eyIgrwtEt Fak;eTAkgTurKtPaB edaynaMmnusS CatiTaMgmUl eTACamYyGkEdr.
karTb;min[eTAkg PaB\tny nGkdwknaM CakarBi)akbMput edaysareyIgmanTMlab; xilRcGUs
ehIy)anqak; esckIsgwm Cab;fa nwgmanGkeTot CYyedaHRsaybBaa. kgnyenHeyIgtUvyl;fa
eyIgTTYlxustUv
nTuKtiPaBsBVfenHKW
xneyIgnwgg
kMhusenHKannrNa
eRkABIxneyIgEdlCaGkTTYl ehIyTIbBab;eTABMuman emdwknaM Namak; GacEkERb GVIekIteLIy.
edIm,Iyl;nUvbBaaenH)an etageRbIesckIBayam eRcInNas;. eyIg)anxHxaynUv famBleyIgeday\tny
ya:geRcInhYsnisSy rhUtTal;EteyIg minGacedaHRsay cMeNaTGVI mYy)aneBjelj nig
RKb;sBV)aneLIy.
edIm,IeFVI
esckIsnidan[)aneKmintUvRbjab;Rbjal;
Cadac;xat.
manEtbdivtxagpvcit KMnitenHeT EdlGac nwgBt;CIvit [eTACYbnwg eCaKCy)an
EtBMumannyfaRbqaMgCIviteLIy. dUecHGVIEdleyIgtUveFVI Cabzm KWeyIgtUvdk xnecjBIPaBRsBicRsBil.
ya:gNamij yuvCnExr enAeBl )anCMnH dUcEdl erobrab; xagelImintUvePc nUv rtnsm,ti bI KW sIlFm
emtakruNa nig karBayam.

Age
Background
Address
Contact
Email

: 17
: Year 1 student at Institute of Foreign Languages (IFL) and Year 2
scholarship student at University of Cambodia
: 9Eo, Street 88, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh
: 092 96 86 19 or 013 73 49 73
: so-khema@hotmail.com or sokhema_challie@yahoo.com

Summary of the points:

A. Grave Challenges faced by Cambodian youth
I.

Personal Challenges:
The biggest challenges of the youths development are the attitudes of the youth
themselves. These include:

Pessimism or negative
No strong desire and not determined or assertive enough ( No Clear goal or
SMART goal for the future)
Passiveness, and lack of courage
Not open (especially to new ideas)
Not really ready to face the challenges

II. Social Challenges:

Poverty (Lost opportunity of going gain the valuable knowledge at school,

been forced to over work.)
Domestic violence, drug abuse, labor abuse, human trafficking
Youth are not giving much chances to prove their abilities to the public

III. Cultural Challenges:

Youths are not given high value, and their voices are often unheard
Youths great ideas are being lost because of inequity

B. Contribution to address the challenges for individual

Start making the changes. The changes that starts from no other then the youths
themselves. Change the negative points of the attitudes to the positives ones.
Building the knowledge competence, and important lifelong skills like interpersonal
skills, leaderships.etc
Self-development through the schools extra-curricular activities. Its the time to learn
more lessons about the related subjects, about life, get the chance to practices the
existing knowledge.

C. Contribution to address the challenges for the society

as a whole
Fight against the challenges we are facing by volunteering to join with the NGOs and
NPOs (Not for Profit Organizations).
involve in community services
share knowledge and experiences to the others through workshop or projects
Put ourselves in the world of challenges.
All of these are some ideas of the wonderful things that we, as the youths, can do to
challenge ourselves, as well as to build our competence, critical thinking skill and to grow
stronger in the difficult times in order to reach the success and help contribute to improve
our society.
As long as we keep fighting forward, believing in ourselves and working actively and
collaboratively with others Khmer youths, we will be able to bring our Cambodia Nation to
the TOP. Therefore, there should be no delay. Lets take the start and make the changes. If its
not US, who? If its not NOW, when?
Begin with us and end with the bright future of our prosperous Khmer Nation.

SOCIETY DEPENDS SOLELY ON YOUTH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT. Why

does it take the participation of the youth, not the more mature and older generation? The
primary reason is that youth is youngest generation who is full of passions, power,
intelligence, creativity, so forth. Moreover, youth also has a lot of time to learn new things
and be inspired, as well as to pass down their fascinating knowledge and experiences to the
next generations. Youth is the future leader. Plus, its also too late to start with the old
generation, as they are too old to be reformed or re-educated. Therefore, youth is the potential
generation to build up the bright future for the society. However, its the fact that nothing
goes perfectly right all the time. Therere always be constrains for the development of the
youth. While seeking for the growth and improvement, youth encounters numerous distracters
which can be classified into 3 categories, namely personal challenges, social challenges and
cultural challenges.
What mainly disrupts the youth from success is their attitude themselves. With the
modesty, and pessimism, youth sees the world in dark color and everything is too high, too far
away and too impossible. This belief avoid youth from dreaming high, or having strong
desire, and having little vision of success. Whats more, having lack of careful plan or
SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time frame) goal in life also plays
a big part betraying youth from reaching the high position. In addition to these, passiveness is
another constrain of the self development of the youth as well as the society as a whole. It
sometimes become a very typical character of youth to not to courageously volunteer to do
anything, no matter that thing is big or small. For example, in class, when the teacher asks if
anyone volunteer to answer the question, a lot of students end up sitting silently and say
nothing even though they have already had the answers in their mind. Of course, its good to
sense and speculate the failure, but we will not know if we dont try. Therere a theory says
Youll never pass, unless youve ever failed. We learn from the experience. Besides, being
too proud and not opening to new ideas, and not willing to learn and share with the others are
also the huge distracters of achieving the goal in life.
Secondly, its not only the behavior of the youth but also the conditions of the society
they are living in that slow down the growth of youths. These factors refer mainly to poverty.
Poverty cut of lots of opportunities from the youth. For instance, they lost the chance of going
to gain the valuable and priceless knowledge from school, and this chance is being replaced
by the injustice, low paid, and over hard working hours or at least helping the parents with the
rice growing, the farming, the house cleaning, or cooking the meals to feed the family.
Secondly, the other factors that may also create challenge for the youths development are
domestic violence, drug abuse, labor abuse, human tracking in which these kinds of socially
hatred activities are committed illegally by some bad people. All of these traps can pull the
youths down to the bottom of the world, as well as creating instabilities and slow down the
development of youth and the society itself.
Thirdly, culture can also be another challenge that youths are facing these days.
Youth potentials are hidden by the social norm in which youth is considered of being miles
inferior to the older generations. Because of this, a lot of youths great ideas are being lost in

the poll of inequity and they dont get much opportunity to stand on a proper position in the
society. This also hinder the youth from showing their full potential of playing part in the
social development. Making future plan can be an example to this. Older generations in my
family often say You are too young to make your own decision to choose the major at to
university. They sometimes dont really respect the youths choice, and often love to follow
the family traditional job without taking much consideration if their kids have the right
quality, ability and talent to do it or not. This common, but sometimes too conservative idea
can deter the youth from showing the full potential. Its a waste to force someone who is
really good at Math, Physic and full of imagination to continue the family work of farming
instead of studying to get the scholarship to study engineering or architecture. It would be
better if the youths are equally valued and given the chance to have their voice heard and
show their full power or potentials.
Luckily, where there is problem there are always be the ways out. As an individual, I
feel that the best response to the constraints that deter us, the youth, from the success is to
start making the changes; the change that starts from none other than ourselves. It is not the
time to complain about the situation. It is not the time to complain about the ways we are
being judge. It is no longer the time for us to keeping complaining of the others. It is the time
for us to make the start. The best key to win over the challenges is to step in and fight
thoroughly against the problems. Lets start by changing the negative attitude we have.
Pessimistic should be changed optimistic, while impossible should be changed to possible.
Passive should be changed to active. Timid should be changed to courage. Decisive and
reluctant should be changed to passionate and determine. Careless should be changed to
reflexive. Being close should be changed to open. We should remember that our life is like
the parachute in the sky, we can only float high in the air if we open the parachute widely,
while in contrast, we would fall down and make a big disaster if the parachute is closed, so
come onOpen our heart to new things and take the other people criticisms. In addition to
this, we should also build our competent characteristics, such as accountability, creativeness
and especially enthusiasm. Its time for us to CHANGE to be someone better.
As an addition to the changes in attitude, building knowledge competence despite the
obstacles on the way is another bridge to future success. Society really need the qualified
youth, so we all must make ourselves be very knowledgeable or highly educated. Poverty will
not be able to destroy our whole life, as long as we keep moving forward and working our
best to achieve the high goals. Therere even countless of opportunities, except we dont have
that great intension and determination to catch them. As Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president
of USA, said Look for the best, prepare for the worst and take whatever comes. If we are
born poor, it doesnt totally mean we cannot have high education and get the well paid job, as
we can still try hard to get the scholarships. It does not take miracle, as there is no such thing
as miracle, and it completely takes efforts and commitments. Apart from working hard for
scholarship, joining any workshops or conference would be another great way to expand our
knowledge. We should put huge amount of effort on gaining knowledge, as Buddha said
thousand years ago that knowledge is the endless source of wealth, and with knowledge we
will not be easily defeated by our enemies. Therefore, knowledge will be our forever
weapons against the problems in society such as drug abuse, labor abuse, and human
trafficking because with superb knowledge, we will never be suffered of these things.
Thirdly, involving in school extra-curricular activities could also be another
wonderful way to develop ourselves. It refers to activities apart from sitting in the class and
listening to the teachers. Although it is true that most high schools in our country, Cambodia,
dont provide huge varieties of extra activities at school, therere still some good programs
that we can join, for example, the scout group, Red Cross youth group, workshops on gender
equity or AIDS and so on. While at university, therere quite a lot of extra activities like
dance club, debate club, reading club, organizing committee of the school, student senate,
especially schools field trips to institution, organizations or community sites. If we only go to

school, sit in the class and wait to be explained about the lessons, we will only learn the
lessons, which is not simply enough to get a head in this very challenging world. By doing
extra-curricular work, we will surprisingly gain a lot of useful ideas, experiences and
knowledge that will profit us in the near and far future. Me, myself, have earned a great deal
of knowledge when joining the book club at the university and got more knowledge after I
was chosen to be the assistant of the program, as I get a lot of chance to be closed to the
mountain of books. In short, if the problem is that we are too poor to afford to buy books,
why not volunteer to throw ourselves into the huge piles of books? If the problem is
experience, why not volunteer to throw ourselves into the world of experienced people?
For the society as a whole, therere various things that we, the youth, can do to bring
about the development to the community and the society. These activities include
volunteering to work for NGOs or NPOs, involving in community services, sharing what we
have or what we know to the others through workshops or projects, and joining contests or
competitions.
By volunteering to be the member of NGOs or NPOs or just simply join some of their
activities, we will unintentionally been inspired by the things we see and learn from them. Its
a great opportunity for us to practice our skills and knowledge that we gain from school, to
expand our knowledge related to what weve learnt at school, as well as to develop our
awareness on the social issues. Plus, we will be able to develop our communication skills,
interpersonal skills, team work, leadership and to build a wide friends network that will later
help us in the future. To share my own experience, honestly at the first time I heard people
mention the benefit of volunteer; I felt that it was just propaganda because they only want
someone to work for them free. It was until I tried joining the SEALNet project when I was in
11 grade at high school, I realized that it really have great influences on my life. Firstly, I
realized that Ive change my attitude a lot. I changed from being negative and passive to very
optimistic and active. Secondly, Ive also changed my attitude toward my own Khmer culture.
Before, I was like other youths who used to say: Khmer traditional culture?...NahIts so
outdated. Its now 21st century, and theres no good being interested in ancient Khmer boxing,

yIek

traditional songs like the boring Yi Ke (

) or old stuff like that. In contrast, after
having worked closely with the traditional art and the performers at the Cambodia Living Art
Organization that we cooperated with, I started to get to understand better about the priceless
value of my traditional art, and I then began to feel deeply in love with my prestigious
tradition and really appreciate this wonderful thing. As a part of the contribution back to the
community or the society, we can help spread out our appreciation to other hundreds youths
through the Khmer traditional concert at the high schools. This is just an example of one of
the meaningful things we, as a youth, can do for the society. It is to get to know any aspect
insight the society through volunteer work to help contribute back to the society by simply
passing out what we know and what we have to the others in our society.
Involving in the community service is another marvelous way for us, the youths, to
fight against the problems we are facing and simultaneously benefit the society as a whole.
There are countless numbers of organization, association, or group of people whose object is
the help improving the condition of the community through activities ranged from the small
scale like books, clothes and food distributions, to the bigger scale like building rural toilets,
or wells and to the long term impact activities like teaching English to rural kids, sharing new
agricultural techniques to the farmers, or sharing ideas on how to effectively produce the
handiwork that will generate a great sum of money for the family in rural areas. What is all of
these social activities to do with fighting against the challenge that the youths meet? The
reason is that if we are shy, inactive, not knowledgeable enough or we are quite great, but not
been given the chance to show our abilities to make changes or develop the society,
volunteering will be the chance for to improve ourselves and prove our capabilities. I
remember the first time I joined a food distribution program at Initiative of Change
Association (ICA), I actually opened my mouth and eyes widely as I realized that

wow.Ive never thought of it!!. Mr.Virak, the founder of the association said Why do we
do this food distribution? At that time, new participants like me and some others said Its
to help the poor people and the patients at hospital to have a nice meal once, so that they will
have more hope to keep moving on despite their poverty and difficulties. As a response to
our answers, he said that the main purpose is to spread a fantastic disease. At that time we
were astonished and asked Disease? Why spread disease? What kind of disease is called
fantastic?. The fantastic disease that he was taking was THE SMILING DISEASE. When
we are giving our smile to the other, we will at least nearly always get the smile back from the
others, so if we get out and smile to the others, well be able to spread the happiness to the
whole community. Therefore, the food distribution is one of the activities to spread the
smiling disease as well as to make us actually look and the things we see. We should realize
that there so many people who sees but never looks. As a result, instead of just seeing poor
and disabilities people suffer, we should take the time to look what is going on with them, and
take the time to help. Even Zig Ziglar, a chairman of the leading multinational training
company in USA, also said You can have everything in life you want, if you will just help
enough other people to get what they want. Even scholarship providers also understand the
positive power of volunteering to both the youths and the society. Thats why they often want
the youths who contribute actively in the social issues.
Another good way to improve ourselves and our abilities is to share our knowledge to
others. We all learn by practicing, so the more we practice, the more we learn because we
need to do great deal of researches and preparations of the topics before presenting it to the
others. Then when we got stuck of the question asked by the others, we will have the
motivation to keep on researching for more detailed information on the topics. This means
that the process of sharing does not only benefit the others, but also us, the sharers.
Putting ourselves in the world of competitions will also benefit us. By joining
contests, like essay contests or projects contest, we can take the chance to practice and
improve the critical and analytical thinking skills. Whats more, its also the chance for us to
show our ideas and to have our voice heard. While the society will be able to get floods of
interesting and useful ideas from us, so this means both the youth like us and the society will
develop accordingly and simultaneously.
To sum up, youths are facing many challenges that can be divided into 3 parts,
namely the personal attitudes of negative, passive and inactive; the social factors such as
poverty, drug abuse, labor abuse, human trafficking and the cultural norms of not equally
value the new and creative ideas of the youth. While as ways of addressing to these
challenges, I believe that youth as us should start from changing the negative side of their
attitudes to be someone better. Then building competence and knowledge is the next step to
fight against the injustice and problems they are facing. After these, the other things that we
can do as response to the challenge are to develop our skills and abilities through the
involvement in community services, volunteer work, competitions and especially through
sharing to the others.
As a Cambodian youth, we have to be courage, and always stand tall in any difficult
situations. We should never ever let those challenges avoiding us from succeed. Its not the
time to keep complaining, but its the time to start making the changes and always keep in
mind that If it is not us, who? If it is not now, when?? and Success is not the matter of
chance, but of choice. Its not something to be awaited for, but something to achieve. Even
our prestigious Angkor temple was not build in a day. Keep moving forward no matter what.
Its just a belief, but its the dream that does come true that Together, we can move
mountain. Khmer youths are superficially powerful if we believe, keep trying and
collaborating together for the sack of the growth of your nation. LETS START FROM
EACH OF US AND END WITH THE FOREVER LASTING, PROSPEROUS KHMER
NATION.

1. Covering Page

1.
2.
3.
4.

Name
Sex
Age
Contacting Address

5.
6.

Telephone number
E-mail

: PEN Panha
: Male
: 22 ( July 17, 1987)
: # 18 Group 21, Toul Roka Village, Street 2,
Chak Angrekrom Commune, Meanchey District,
Phnom Penh
: (855)...012 208362
: panha_fullyglorious@yahoo.com

2. Essay Summary
Although Cambodia is a fascinating country, millions of people around the world do not
know. Some even have no any ideas at all about it. Anyway, if I am given a chance to
introduce this beautiful kingdom to foreigners, Angkor Wat temple is my first
introduction. The architecture of this worlds largest single religious monument is not
only extraordinary wonderful, but the entire structure, the orientation to the west, is also
very mysterious. Most importantly, the temple ranked among the worlds wonders and
listed in UNESCO world heritage is both a living testimony to ancient Khmer skillful
knowledge and the most priceless procession of humanity. Second is the Royal Palace.
Besides being one of the finest examples of Phnom Penh architectural wonders, the
Royal Palace houses numerous priceless objects for example the golden throne,
peacocks feathers-made fans; the gold-made crown as well as the royal sword along
with the golden parasol and shoes are housed there. What is more it is home to elegant
collection of Cambodian curiosities and fine art works along with splendid paintings
from artists around the world. Third is the National Museum. This exquisite monument
is the countrys biggest home to artistic achievements of ancient Khmer. It is also a
centre of South East Asia Study. Its archaeological display is not only one of the most
important representations of superb expertise of Khmer craftsmanship but also illustrate
South East Asian peninsula and archipelago civilization. Next is South East Asias
largest freshwater reservoir, the Tonle Sap Lake. The Great Lake is the only unusual
waterway in the world which flows in the opposite direction at different times of the
year. The Lake is also designated UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Its bird sanctuary even

being called the single most important breeding ground in South East Asia for globally
threatened large water birds is probably the perfect place to birding in Asia. Another is
the Yeak Loam Lake. The Yeak Loam is not only the countrys uniquely extinct
volcanic lake, but its scenery is also second to none. Its dense forest surroundings are
one of the countrys northeastern wildlife sanctuaries and form a beautiful picturesque
botanical garden. One other is Kampi. A natural resort located in the stretch of Kratie
province is the unique place to experience the great beauty of the mighty Mekong.
This amazing resort is also the biggest habit and the worlds second to none site to study
the lives of the Mekong dolphins either individuals or their schools. Finally, it is the
Water Festival. The 3-day annual boat race is the most spectacle traditional event
always exploding the whole capital with excitement and enjoyment. Most importantly,
it is quite an occasion to meet the king, the royal family and other senior leaders who
come to watch and award the boat race winners.

3. Essay Topic

If you have a chance to introduce Cambodia to foreigners, what would you like to
introduce? Why?

Situated in Southeast Asias exceptional location with favoured tropical monsoon

temperature and long history, Cambodia is rich with cultural and natural diversity.
However, millions of people around the world do not know this fascinating country.
Some even have no any ideas at all about it.

Anyway, if I am given a chance to introduce this beautiful kingdom to foreigners,

Angkor Wat temple is my first introduction. The twelfth century AD-built temple is
much more than the worlds largest single religious monument. It is not only
dedicatedly constructed to Hinduism, but it is also particularly interesting architecturally.

The walls and galleries-surrounded temple is beautifully decorated with lively gorgeous
carvings and sculptures describing numerous Hinduism stories starting from religious
epics to belief. The intricate craftwork of every story has been selected and carved
carefully upon the broad understanding of architects. The precise purpose is far beyond
combining religion and arts together. It also indeed aims to keep their knowledge and
message their descendants something of great value. Additionally, the incredibly
qualified construction material, sandstone, makes the temple extraordinary strong, not to
mention be able to weather the onslaught of climate and nature well. Although some
small parts of the temple are damaged or destroyed, the colour of sandstone has
magnificently made most of the sculptural details of the figures and faces remarkably
preserved and visible in spite of its elderly age as if they have just been constructed.
Even more, some of those prestigious bas relieves, such as the female deities now
referred as devatas when standing or apsaras when dancing, which represents ancient
account confirmation of the balance between masculine and feminine forces in the
universe, are universally well-known. More importantly, structures of the temple which
ancient Khmer people displayed their considerable skills to build are very mysterious.
The orientation to the west, in contrast to other ancient Khmer monuments which face
the sun rise, initially give cause for many conclusions-some seeing a simple topographic
necessity where others see ritual organization. Above all else, the temple is ranked
among the worlds wonders and listed in UNESCO world heritage which is not only a
living testimony to ancient Khmer knowledge and skill, but it is also the most priceless
procession of humanity.

Second is the Royal Palace. The Palace, a number of structures within a pagoda style
compound, represents one of the finest examples of Phnom Penh architectural wonders.
Each building of the structure, the coalescence between classical and modern Khmer
architecture, is impressively grand, magnificent and separate with functional difference
from religious rites to elaborate court ceremonies. Besides being the official residence
and administrative office of his and her Majesty, the Royal Palace is the national
treasury too. Numerous royal artifacts from the Angkorian dynasties which are
historically important to both the royal family and the whole kingdom are kept there.
These priceless objects include the golden throne, peacocks feathers-made fans; the
gold-made crown as well as the royal sword along with the golden parasol and shoes.
Also, the Palace is one of the countrys largest resource centres. The royal library
houses a variety of
encyclopedia and audiovisual documentary materials including

Cambodias precious manuscript collection and rare prints. What is more it is home to
elegant collection of Cambodian curiosities fine art works; portraits of the kings and
royal familys as well as splendid paintings from artists around the world. Most
importantly, the Palace is the centre of Khmers cultural identity. For centuries, the
tradition is perfectly celebrated and passed from generation to generation. Today in the
information age, traditional ceremonies are televised live nationwide for the public to
witness and preserve.

Third is the National Museum. The early twenty century red brick-built museum which
is next to the Royal Palace not far from where the Tonle Sap River merges with the
Basac and Mekong rivers is not only the historic construction, but this elegant square
structure better described as a building enlarged from Khmer temple prototypes seen on
ancient bas relieves is also another architectural gem of Phnom Penh. Furthermore, this
exquisite monument is the countrys biggest home to artistic achievements of ancient
Khmer. On display inside are masterpieces of stone, bronze; ceramics and wood-made
artifacts dating from the 1st to the 14th centuries with a trilingual description in Khmer,
English and French. Exhibits also include sculptures, 19th century dance customs; Royal
barges and other antiques. One more thing, it has a good collection of Khmer sculptures
form the Angkor and pre-Angkor periods which was not only once one of South East
Asias richest cultures but are also unmatched elsewhere and considered among the
finest in the world. Besides being the best visual description of Cambodias vibrant past
in brief, Phnom Penh National Museum is a centre of South East Asia Study too. The
exhibited items and groups of masterwork Stone to Iron Age tools and organic remains
from numerous prehistoric sites countrywide is not only one of the most important
representations of superb expertise of Khmer craftsmanship in stone and metal
production during those eras, those significantly and interestingly archaeological
display also illustrate South East Asian peninsula and archipelago prehistoric
civilization. In addition, the museum provides a good collection of photograph, history
books and guidebooks about Cambodia which most are for sale, but some are available
for free of charge as well.

Next is South East Asias largest freshwater reservoir, the Tonle Sap Lake. The Great
Lake is the only unusual waterway in the world which flows in the opposite direction at
different times of the year. This natural phenomenon causes the lake to quadruple in

size between the dry and wet season. The amazing reverse is caused by the intersection
pressure of the mighty Mekong and the Tonle Sap River which reaches such a force
during rainy season making the landscape periodically and significantly varies on a
weekly or sometimes monthly basis. Further, it is not only Cambodias celebrated
heaven for hundred species of fish, but it is also one of the most productive inland
fisheries in the world providing more than half of the fish consumed in the country.
More importantly, its enormous swamp and wetland providing a perfect breeding
ground for inundated forests which have a traditional use, primarily as food and
medicine, creates one of Cambodias natural paradises. The wild animals-inhabited
mangrove forest is also Asias second to none stunning floodplain scenery. As the lake
gives life to Cambodia, and much of the countrys livelihood still depends on its output,
anyway, it represents one of Cambodias ways of everyday life and reality. The lifestyle
proceeds around the water. Above all else, the Tonle Sap Lake is designated UNESCO
Biosphere Reserve. This tremendously rich biodiversity giant lake plays host to a huge
variety of water birds, insects; otters and crab-eating macaques. Several globally
threatened and endangered species such as pelicans, egrets; the white herons; the spoon
bills and the fairy pitas inhabit in its bird sanctuary which has been called the single
most important breeding ground in South East Asia for globally threatened large water
birds. As it also harbours the largest migratory birds in dry season, it is probably the
perfect place to birding in Asia.

Another is the Yeak Loam Lake. The Yeak Loam is not only the countrys uniquely
extinct volcanic lake, but its scenery is also second to none. The permanently deep and
turquoise, crystal clear water of this huge circular-shaped crater is warm and inviting.
Besides, its dense forest surroundings supported by the deep red soil from lava flow and
yearlong consistent moisture supply creates one of the countrys northeastern wildlife
sanctuary. A lot of wild animals including endangered species such as wild pigs, wild
cats; snakes; tigers; rare birds and insects inhabit peacefully in remote parts of the forest.
Moreover, this variety of mountainous and local flora naturally forms a beautiful
picturesque botanical garden. Many flowering plants which are yet unknown to
botanists, especially orchids, gently flourish almost everywhere. Their efficacious
blossoms and aromatic fragrance also attract large numbers of brightly couloured
butterflies. Apart from their gentle beauties, these varieties of mountainous flora of
which many are edible plants and have medical uses are very valuable for medical field,
both study and research.

Furthermore, the track around the lake perimeter also provides a good place for hiking.
Hiking lovers can both hike for fun along the trail encircling the lake and at the same
time see its whole scenic spot.

One other is Kampi. Kampi, a natural resort located in the stretch of Kratie province, is
the unique place to experience the great beauty of the mighty Mekong, the mother of
South East Asia. The scenery of vast submerged trees, green water plants-covered tiny
islands, different kinds of water birds and fresh river climate are all unforgettable. One
more thing, it has many wonderful protected deep-water pools. Most importantly, this
amazing resort is not only home to Cambodias unique large mammal living in
freshwater, the Mekong dolphins, but it is also considered the last stronghold of these
oceanic creatures. Its rich biodiversity and steadily gentle current support the largest
remaining population of these worlds most endangered river mammals thought to
hover around 100. As it is the biggest habit for these rare river species, accordingly, it is
both the greatest natural aquarium to watch and the worlds second to none site to study
the lives of these worlds most endangered river mammals either individuals or their
schools.

Finally, it is the Water Festival. The 3-day annual boat race celebrated in October or
November in front of the Royal Palace to commemorate ancient warriors and express
profound thanks to the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers is the most spectacular traditional
event. The festivities coinciding with the changing of the currents in the Tonle Sap
River explodes the capital with excitement and enjoyment. It is the only time when
millions of people from all walks of life all over the country flock to the capital to not
only enjoy the marvelous spectacle of boat race, charming flashy neon lights-decorated
boats as well as differently shaped and colourful fireworks-burst sky along the riverside,
but it is also a fantastic moment for them to explore the sights and sounds of Phnom
Penh. In addition, it is a wonderful opportunity to take advantage of the many things for
sale with special price too. Most importantly, the festival is quite an occasion to meet
the king, the royal family and other senior leaders who come to watch and award the
boat racing winners.

Here is a brief introduction about myself. My name is SOKCHEA SONIDA, age 19. My
address is house #41 St 472 Toul Tom Pong II, Phnom Penh. E-mail:
sonida_s@yahoo.com and contact number at 855 11 638 112.

If you are given a chance to organize one (or more) project(s) to improve
your city/village, what kind of project(s) do you want to organize? And how are you
going to do it/them?

Summary
Most of the surviving people from Khmer Rough Region are famers since they
had forced to work as farmers for almost four years. Since then, Cambodia has been
facing a lot of problems, and one of them is education system which remains weak and
unqualified until nowadays. By seeing all this problems, if I am giving a chance to
organize one project to improve my city/village, Consultation for High School Graduate
in Applying for Government Scholarship is the project that I would like to raise in order
to help rural students who will complete from high school and preparing for the
government scholarship. At the beginning, I plan to form up a project team which is
about 5 to 10 people and they should be university students with different background
knowledge and experiences. After forming up the project team, we as the project team
will discuss the project activities such as: what are the areas that we would like to work
on and how or what is the best way to improve it. Last but not least, we will start to target
the high schools for implementing the project, and it will be selected based on the team
discussion. At the end of the project, we strongly believe that we will be able to help a
fair amount of high school students to be able to choose the right field for their future
universities and be well prepared for the government scholarship.

Consultation for High School Graduate in Applying for Government

Scholarship Project
After nearly four years struggled under Communist Khmer Rouge from April
1975 to January 1979, and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1.5 million
displaced people died from execution, enforced hardships, and starvation. In this regard,
the education system in Cambodia had fallen down so deep since Khmer Rouge Region
killed most of the innocent and educated people. During that time, people largely
depended on agricultural sector in order to survive and support the country. By saying
that, most of the surviving people from the Khmer Rouge Region are farmers because
they have been forced to work as farmers for almost four years. Since then, Cambodia
has been facing a lot of problems, and one of them is education system which remains
weak and unqualified until nowadays. Although, there are quite a number of students
completed from high school or graduated from university, not many of them able to find

job. Every year, number of unemployed people is increasing which resulted from
overload of graduated students. This is partly because of no job market for them and/or
what they were studied do not match with the requirement of the job market. Therefore, if
I am giving a chance to organize one project to improve my city/village, Consultation
for High School Graduate in Applying for Government Scholarship is the project that I
would like to raise in order to help rural students who will complete from high school to
be prepared for the government scholarship. This project will combine three main
actions: setting up a committee team, organizing project activities, and selecting schools
for implementing the project.

First of all, I will form up my committee team by selecting member from 5 to 10

people. All those members should have the same way of thinking and truly have an
interest in this project. The project team members should be university students; this is
because they should have gone through this experience before they could provide the
consultation to other high school students. Besides, since they are the university students,
they should be educated with more knowledge, more experience, especially general
knowledge to share with those high school students and also among the team members as
well. If it is possible, the team members should be selected from different fields of the
university because as we study in different fields we must have different knowledge,
experience, and ideas to share among the team members, and most importantly to share
with all high school students. The main purpose of this project is to provide high school
students a consultation in which major/field they want to study after they finish their high
school, and also to help them find the right field of the university if they do not have one.
After that, we will also support them to prepare the application for government
scholarship of their selected field. Therefore, the different skill of the team members is
very important to run this project. In order to find those potential team members, I will
need to make the project announcement through friend networks such as sending it to
email groups, post it on facebook, or the notice board of some universities. After having
the suitable team members, there will be a meeting to discuss about the project activities.
It is also important to inform the team members that this is a volunteer project so all
members of the project will not be provided any benefit, but they will gain back the
valuable experience. By the end of this process, we will have a proper project team to run
the project.
Secondly, after having a proper project team members, it will be a good time to
start thinking of the project activities which is the most important part of this project. We
all as the team members will meet up to plan our project and divide the responsibilities
among the team members in order to begin the project. Once we have divided the project
responsibilities, we will draw the outline of the project process and determine the date to
implement the project. The team will meet and discuss on the detail activities of the
project such as what are the consultation area that we want to work on, what are the main
problems that high school students are facing, and we should try to find some solutions
for it. Besides, this meeting is also the perfect time for the team to share each other ideas,
to think of what should be asked while giving the consultation and what is the best
respond for them. Also, we can save a lot of time from answering the same questions by

giving them some questions and answers that we already prepare in advance. By doing
this we will have more time to answer more different questions from other students and
we also could give more chance to some students who have questions in their mind but
having a hard time to express it out. At the same time, the committee team will also have
chance to gain back new questions and experience in order to improve the consultation
skills for the next step. Therefore, the regular meeting of the team members is playing a
necessary role of the project. By the end of this process, we will be able to clarify our
team members responsibilities with clear project activities.
Finally, after having a proper project team member with clear responsibilities and
also good project activities, it should be the right time to implement the project. The first
step to implement the project is to select the high school for providing the consultation.
As an idea, the high schools of all team members should be the best place to start. That is
because it might be easier for the team to ask for permission from those high schools for
the implementation since we used to study there, so we know some of the teachers and
know the environment of the high school as well as the study curriculum of the high
schools. However, this still need to be discussed among the project team. And if this first
step succeeds, we will move on to the next step by targeting some other high schools in
the city. Lets assume that the implementation of the consultation is acceptable by most
high schools in the city, we then could start to think of some other high school in
provinces by selecting from the nearby province first. After each implementation, our
team will visit those schools again to conduct surveys in order to follow up on what we
have done, to make sure that what we have provided to them are really useful for them,
and to find out other difficulties that they might still face after the consultation. By
completing this third process, our team will be able to target high schools for the
implementation and also put in pace a proper plan to follow up process since the
beginning of the project until the end.

In conclusion, if I am giving a chance to organize this Consultation for High

School Graduate in Applying for Government Scholarship Project, with all the support
from the project team, I strongly believe that we could help to support quite a number of
high school students to better find their best choice of field for their future universities. It
is not an easy project, and it is also not a short time project as it will need a lot of time to
set up and implement it. Besides, it will need a lot of efforts from the team members and
a lot of cooperation from the high schools such as school director, teachers, and more
importantly, it needs a lot of support for the students to really participant and give
feedback to our team in order to improve it. Although, it is difficult to implement it, I
positively think that as long as we all as the team members are really committed to it with
all the supports from everyone, we will be able to make it. And if we all are not giving up
our hope, our society will become a better place to live in the near future.

RBHraCaNacRkkm<Ca
Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt
7
RbvtirUbsegb
)aTeQaH fg st ePT Rbus sBaati Exr
fExqaMkMeNIt fTI 06 Ex mkra qaM 1988
TIkEngkMeNIt PUmi bustaesam XMu RBHdrI Rsuk esag ext kMBg;FM
TIlMenAGcin PUmi bustaesam XMu rugerOg Rsuk esag ext kMBg;FM
Gasydanbcub,n vtsMbYrmas PUmi m:ul sgat; dega xNdega Rkug PMeBj
kMritcMeNHdwgTUeTA
2006-bcb,n CanisSitqaMTI3 mhaviTaly viTasaRs nigevCsaRsstV n saklviTa
lyPUmiksikm (ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE)
2003-2006 CasisSnviTalyrsIesaPN
2000-2003 CasisSnGnuviTalyrugerOg
sanPaBRKYsar
BukeQaH
FI fg muxrbr eFVIERscMkar
mayeQaH
esg K sab;
smaCikRKYsar manbgbncMnYn 3 nak;
TMnak;TMng
vtsMbYrmas PUmi m:ul sgat; dega xN dega RkugPMeBj
TUrsB 017 398 019
E-mail thangsort@yahoo.com

KMeragsegb (Project summary)

1> eQaHKMerag (Project Name) KMeragenHmaneQaHfa
: karEklMGr nigelIkkMBs;CIvPaBRKYsartMbn;CnbT : (Rural Livelihood Enhancement)
2> tMbn;eKaledA (Target Areas) tMbn;eKaedArbs;KMeragKW PUmibustaesam XMurugerOg Rsukesag ext
kMBg;FM . sitenAxagekItTIrYmRsuk esag cMgay 10KILEm:Rt nigmancMgay 65KILEm:EtBITIrYmext kMBg;FM
tambeNaypvCatielx 6 .
3> ryGnuvtn_KMerag (Project Period) Gnuvtn_cMnYn8Excab;BIfTI 20Exemsa dl;fTI20ExF.
4> bBaar nigPaBcaM)ac; (Problem and Need)
enARbeTskm<CaksikrPaKeRcInmankarlM)akedaysarEtkarRbkbreFIVERscMkarBMusUvTTYl)anlTpll
RbesIr edaysarEtKat;eFIVERsBwgEpkeTAtamFmCati CYnePg CYnraMgst CYnmankarbMpajBIstVlitcRg bman
CMgWepSg. ma:gvijeTotedaysarBYkKat;xVH cMenHdwgxagbeckeTs kgkareRCIserIsBUCEdlTTYl)anTinpl
x<s; nigkareRbIR)as;CI[)ansmRsb . elIsBIenHKat;mankar)akedaysarEtR)ak;cMNUlTab edayKat;minman
viFIsaRsedIm,IrkcMNUl[)anRbesIr . edIm,IedaHRsayerOgR)ak;cMNUlrbs;Kat;KWmanEtCYyeFIV[TinplRsUvKat;
ekIneLIg nigCYybMpusKMnitBYkKat;[ecHbegItmuxrbrbEnm dUcCaciBawmstV daMEn enAeBlTMenrBIERscMkar .
5> eKalbMNgrbs;KMerag (Project Objective)
eKalbMNgsMxan;rbs;KMeragKW eFIVya:gNa[ksikrTTYl)anCIvPaBsmrm edaybegInsmtPaBRbCaCn
rs;enAkgshKmn_[mansmtPaBRKab;RKan;kgkarrkcMNUlsMrab;pt;pg;RKYsar nigmanlTPaB[kUnecArbs;
Kat;)anbnkareronsURtcb;cugcb;edIm .
6> skmPaBKMerag (Project Action)
- cHueTAbNHubNalbeckeTs dl;ksikrenAtMbn;eKaledA nigdwknaMksikreFIVedaypal;
edaymankar eFIVbgaj nigmankarENnaMBImRnICMnaj .
- eFIVkartamdanral;karGnuvtn_rbs;ksikr nigcaMCYyedaHRsaybBaaEdlksikrCYbRbTH.
- CYyrkTIpSarsMrab;lk;plitplrbs;ksikr
7> lTplrMBwgTukrbs;KMerag (Result Expectation)
- ksikrcUlrYmRKb;skmPaBrbs;KMerag nigTTYkykGIVEdlKMerag)anENnaM
- ksikrmancMNUlRbesIreLIg nigmanCIvPaBFUFarRbesIrCagmun.
8> karcat;Ecgrbs;KMerag (Management of Project)
mRnIGkGnuvtn_ manCarcnasm<nRtimRtUv ral;karcMNaymantmaPaB . GkTTYlplminmanbkSBYk .
cMeBaHkartamdan nigvaytMl KMeragsVaKmn_ sabnkraCmantmaPaBBIxageRkAmkvaytMl ral;skmPaB .

karGFib,ayKMerag

( Project Description )

1> lkNTUeTA (General Information)

PUmibustaesamKW CaPUmimYykgcMeNamPUmi TaMgR)aMbnY EdlsitenAkgXMurugerOg Rsukesag extkMBg;FM .
PUmienHRbCaCncMnYn 814 nak;RtUvCa 162RKYsar kgcMeNamRKYsarTaMgenaHsuTEtCaksikrEdlRbkbrbreFIV ERs
daMbEn nigciBawmstVbnicbnc . kareFVIERsrbs;BYkKat;manCYbbBaarmYycMnYnEdr dUcCamankarbMpajBIstV
litcRg manCMgW nigTTYl)anTinplTab . cMeBaHkardaMbEnrbs;Kat;kCYnbBaamYycMnYnEdr rIkarciBawmstVk
CYbRbTHnwg CMgWrat)atepSg EdlGRtasab;ekItmanx<s; TinplTTYl)anTabminsMnwgkMlaMgBlkmrbs;Kat; .
sanPaB esdkicRKYsarrbs;GkPUmimankMritmFm cMeNHdwgrbs;Kat;mankMritbgr . cMeBaHkarsikSaGb;rMcMeBaH
kUnrbs;Kat;mankMritlRbesIr . edaysarEtenAkgkmviFItMrUv[elIkKMeragGPivDn_PUmirbs;xnehIyedaysar
EtsegteXIjfa edIm,IEklMGrPUmi[)anRbesIrenaH KWmanEteFIV[R)ak;cMNUlrbs;GkPUmiekIneLIgEtb:uenaH.
enAPUmienHRbCaCnRbkbrbrksikm eFIVERs daMbEn nigciBawmstVtictYc edayehtuenHehIyskanuBlEdlGac
CYybegIncMNUlrbs;BYkKat;)an KWmanEtCYypl;cMenHdwg nigbeckeTsfIEdlGaceFIV;[ksikrTTYl)anTinpl
x<s; BIplitkmrbs;Kat; . ehIyCaBiesseTAeTotenaHenAeBlEdlcMNUlrbs;ksikr)an smrm eFIV[RKYsar
ksikrmanCIvPaBFUrFar EdlGaceFIV[Kat;manlTPaBpl;kas[kUnrbs;Kat;)anbnkar sikSadl;kMrifak;
GnuviTaly viTaly sklviTaly .l.
2> eKaledArYm (Goal)
eKaledArbs;KMerag KWeFIVeLIgedIm,IEklMGr nigelIkkMBs;CIPaBCIvPaBRKYsarksikredayeFIV[cMNUlrbs;
Kat;ekIneLIg EdlkgenaHmanpl;Ca beckeTsksikm nigBUCRsUv BUCman; nigBUCbEnmYycMnYn enAPUmieKaledAKW
PUmibustaesam XMurugerOg Rsukesag extkMBg;FM .
3> eKalbMNg (Objective)
KMeragenHbegIteLIgedIm,IbegInsmtPaBRbCaCnrs;enAkgshKmn_ edayEpkeTAelItMrUvkarcM)ac; pas;
brbuxrbr bbegInmuxrbr edIMm,IbEnmR)ak;cMnUlRKYsar EdlGaceFIV[CIvPaBrbs;ksikr)anRbesIreLIg . enAkg
KMeragenHmaneKalbMNgrYmcg;[CIvPaBrbs;ksikr)anlRbesIrCagmun . ehIyedIm,IeKalbMNgKMerag)aneCaK
Cy KMeragmaneKalsMxan;cMnYnBIr KW
- eFIV[TinplRsUvrbs;ksikrekIneLIg edIm,I[sMraceKalbMNgenHKW KMeragmanskmPaBebIkCavK
bNHubNalsIGMBI kareRbIR)as;BUCfIEdlTTYl)anTinplx<s; nigeFIVkareRbobeFob[eXIjBIPaB
xusKarvagBUCburaNrbs;Kat; nigBUCfI EdlFnnwgGakasFatu Fn;nwgCMgW eRbIbrimaNBUCGs;ticEt
TTYl)anTinplx<s; . kgenaHkmankarEckBUCdl;ksikrpgEdr .
1

- begInR)ak;cMNUlrbs;ksikreKaledA)anekIneLIgedaypl;beckeTsdaMbEn ciBawmstV EdlCamux

rbrbEnmeRkABIeFIVERs . edIm,I[eKalbMNgenHeCaKCy KMeragkmanebIkCavKbNHuGMBIbeckeTs
daMEn ciBawmstV nigmanEckCaBUCbEn BUCman;pgEdr . kgkarGnuvtn_eKalbMNgxagelIenH
xagKMeragk)anEnnaM[ksikreRbIR)as;FnFanEdlksikrman dUcCaeRbICIFmCati eRbIfaMBulFmCati
cMNIpSMgay EdlcMNaytic TTYl)ansuxPaBlTaMgGkplit TaMgGkTTYlpl . elIsBIenHKMerag
kCYyrkTIpSarsMrab;lk; ksiplrbs;ksikrpgEdr .
4> GkTTYlpl nigdKUrshkarN_ (Beneficiaries and Partnership)
GkTTYlplKMerag KWGkPUmiEdlKMerag)ansMerckMNt edaykgenaHmanGkTTYlplpal; edayKMerag
)aneRCIserIs[manCaksikrKMrUEdlCaGkskmenAkgPUmieKaledA ehIyKat;GacTTYl)anTaMgBUC TaMgbeckeTs
nwgTTYl)ankareFIVbgajBIGkbeckeTsCMnajrbs;KMeragpgEdr . cMENkGkTTYlpledayRbeyalKWksikr
dTeToteRkABIksikrKMrU edayKat;RKan;EtTTYl)an CaBUC beckeTs nigbTBiesaFn_nanaBIksikrKMrU EtbueNaH.
kgkMLgeBlGnuvtn_KMerag edIm,IFana[KMerageCaKCyRkumGkGnuvtn_KMeragnwgeFVIkarshkarN_[Cit
sitCamYydKU nigsabnEdleFIVkaBak;Bn mandUcCa
- GaCJaFmmUldan fak;PUmi fak;XMu Rsukext bGktMNagrbs;eK dUcCa RkumRBwkSaXMuCaedIm
- EpkbeckeTs manmnIksikmext nigmRnIBak;BnkgtMbn;eKaledAfak;ext Rsuk
- Ggkar eRkArdaPi)al manGgkarEdleFIVkarCamYyenAkgtMbn;eKaledArbs;KMerag dUcCaGgkar
esdak; (CEDAC) CaedIm . ehIyedIm,I[manTMnak;TMngkan;EtRbesIrCagenHeTAeTotenaH KMeragkmanGeBaIj
GgkarEdleFIVkarBak;Bn nigGkCMnajnwgvisyenH edIm,IeFIVkarBiPakSapas;brbTBiesaFn_KaeTAvijeTAmk nigrk
yuTsaRs nwgviFIsaRsnanaEdlGacGnuvtn_eTATTYl)anlTpleCaKCy .
4> skmPaB nigyuTsaRsGnuvtn_KMerag (Activity and Implementation Strategy)
KMeragenHpSMedayeKalbMNgtUcsMxan;cMnYnBIrKWkareFIV[TnplRsUvrbs;ksikr)anekIneLIg nigeFIV[
R)ak;cMNUlrbs;ksikreKaledA)anekIneLIgedaypl;beckeTsdaMbEnRKb;RbePT nigbeckeTsciBawmstV .
eKalbMNgTI1 eFIV[TinplRsUvrbs;ksikreKaledATTYl)anrhUtdl;3etanhiktaEdlkalBImun
Kat;TTYl)anEt2etanhikta . edIm,I[sMercnUveKalbMNgenH ksikrenAPUmieKaledAEdl)aneRCIserIs
CaBiessksikrKMrUrbs;KMeragnwgTTYl)ankarbNHubNalbeckeTssIGMBIkareRbIR)as;nUvbeckeTsfI GMBIkareFIV
daMNaMRsUv kareRbIR)as;BUCfI nigkarerobcMbeckeTs[smRsbeTAnwglkxNbeckeTsBUCfIenH . ehIlesIs
BIenHKMerag)anENnaMksikr[eRbIR)as;CIFmCati lamkstV nigCIkMb:us edIm,Ikat;bnykarcMNay eTAelICI
KImIEdlnaM[b:HBal;dl;suxPaBpgenaH .
2

1>1 pl;vKbNHubNalsIGMBIbeckeTsdaMdMNaMRsUvEdlTTYl)anTinplx<s; nigBURsUvTMenIbEdlCaBUCpl;

plx<s; skmPaBenHeFIVeLIgedIm,I[ksikreKaledA )anTTYlnUvcMenHdwgTaMgenH nigeFVIkareRbobeFob[Kat;)an
dwgGMBIRbePTBUCburaNrbs;Kat;eTAnwgBUCfIEdlTTYl)anTinplx<s;Cag ehIyEfmTaMgeRbIR)as;BUC Gs;ticeTot
pg . vKenHKWeFIVksikrTTYlyknUvRbePTBUCfIedIm,I[Kat;TTYl)anTinplx<s; .
1>2 pl;BUCRsUvTMenIbdl;ksikreKaledA kareFIVEbbenHKWcg;[ksikrTTYl)annUvBUCEdlFn;nwgCMgW eRbIR)as;BUC
Gs;ticehIyTTYl)anTinplx<s; . karpl;BUCenHKMerag)anEckCaBUCRbEhlRbmaN 5KILRkamEtb:ueNaH .
1>3 eFIVCaERsbgaj kareFIVbgajenHKWcg;[ksikreXIjnUvrebobGnuvtbeckeTspal;edIm,I[ksikremIl ehIy
eFIVtam . kareFIVbgajenHrYmman karerobcMeRtomBUCsMrab;ykeTAsab karerobcMfal rebobeRBaHRKab;BUCeTAelI
fal rebobdak;CI karEfTaMTwk kardkkUnsMNab rebobsg rebobEfTaMsMGatesA EfTaMTwk eFIVrhUtTal;EtTTYl
pl . skmPBTaMGs;xagelI KMeragk)anehA ksikrdTeTot[mkemIlpgEdr .
eKalbMNgTI2eFIV[R)ak;cMNUlrbs;kisikr)anekIneLIgedaypl;beckeTsciBawmstVman; beckeTs
daMdMNaMbEnRKab;RbePT nigmanpl;CaBUCman; nigBUCbEnRKab;RbePT edIm,IsMerceKalbMNgenHksikreKaledA
nwgRtUv)aneRCIserIs edIm,ITTYl)ankarbNHubNalbeckeTsGMBIkarbegInTinplplitkm TaMgkardaMdMNaMbEn
nigkarciBawmman; . kareFIVEbbenHGaceFIV[Tinplksimrbs;Kat;)anekIneLIg edaykat;bnykarsab; ebIcM
eBaHdMNaMbEnkat;bnykarbMpajnana. ehIyKMeragkmanpl;CaBUCdMNaM kdUcCaBUCman;pgEdr .
EdlskmPaBenAkgeKalbMNgenHrYmman
2>1 karpl;beckeTseTAdl;ksikreKaledAsIGMBIrkarciBawmman;edayRbIviFIsaRsgay dUcCakarciBawmtam
EbbFmCati skmPaBenHKWcg;[BYkKat;yl;GMBIviFIsaRskgkareRCIserIRbePTBUCEdlpl;kUneRcIn ecHEfTaMkUn
ciBawmqab;FM ehIyFn;nwgCMgW nigeFIV[Kat;ecHRKab;RKgkarpl;cMNI nigecHpSMcMNIsMrab;man;RKab;RbePT . ehIy
kar bNHubNal;ktMrUv[mankarBiPakSapas;brbTBiesaFrvag ksikrnwgksikr ksikrnwgGkCMnaj . ral;kar
tamdan nigkarvikPaKesdkicGMBIkaciBawmman;kRtUv)andak;bBalkgvKbNHubNal ehInwgbBaak;[)anc,as;GMBI
\TiBlnkareRbIR)as;viFIsaRsEbbFmCati . ehIykmanbgajGMBIPaBxusKarvaglTplman;EdlEfTaM)anl
nigman;EdlminsUvmankarEfTaM . karciBawmman;RtUv)ancam;epImenAeBlenH .
2>2 pl;vKbNHubNalGMBIbeckeTsdaMdMNaMbEnCUndl;ksikr skmPaBenHkRsedognwgkarciBawmman;Edr
edaydMNak;dMbUgelIkyksarsMxan;nigplRbeyaCn_nkardaMbEntabRKYsar . ehIybnxagGkCMnajxagdMNaM
eTAbgajGMBIbeckeTsdaMdMNaM nigviFIsaRsgaydl;ksikr edIm,I[ksikrGnuvtn_tam . kgkarbNHubNal
enHxagmRnIKMeragkdUcCaGkCMnajk)aneFIVkardaMbgaj ehIykmankarGeBaIjksirkgPUmimkBinitpal;edIm,Idk
Rsg;ykbTBiesFn_pal;pgEdr . kardaMbEnenHk)anbeRgonksikreGayecHpSMfaMBulFmCati nigecHeRbIR)as;eTA
elIdMNaM nig)anbgajBIplb:HBal;nfaMBulKImIeTAelIsuxPaBcMeBaHKat;pal; nigGkTTYlpl . KMeragk)anpl;
3

CaBYCbEnCUnEckCUndl;ksikrEdlmanbMNgcg;RbkbmuxrbrdaMbEnenH . ehIyCaBiess KMeragk)anENnaM

ksikr[ecHcgRkgKaCaRkumkgkarlk;plitplksiplrbs;BYkeK . CaBiessenaHKMeragk)an CYyrkTIpSar
CUnksikr nigENnaMeGayGkeRbIR)as;sal; nigCYyKaMRTpltiplFmCatiEdlminb:HBal;suxPaB eTotpg .
5>kartamdan nigvaytMl (Monitoring and Evaluation)
edIm,IFana[dMeNIrkarGnuvtn_KMeragTTYl)aneCaKCy mRnIGnuvtn_EdlcHueTAGnuvtn_enAmUldaneFIVkarCa
mYyksikreKaledA RtUvEteTAeFIVkicshkarCamYyGaCJaFmmUldan nigmRnEdlBak;Bn edIm,IsMrYl[kargarGnu
vtn_mandMeNIrkar)ankan;EtgayRsYl. cMeBaHmRnIGnuvtn_RtUverobcM[manCarcnasm<ntamlMdab;. ehIyksikr
eKaledArbs;KMerag kRtUvmankarerobcM[manCaRbFan GnuRbFan nigepSgeTottamkarRtUvkarrbs;KMerag .
ral;smPaBrbs;KMeragEdlmanbBaar mRnIGnuvtRtUvEteFIVkarEkERbvIFIsaRsGnuvt[)anTan;eBlevla .
ral;karbNHubNalRKab;vKRtUvmanr)aykarN_ bBaIGvtmanGkcUlrYm CaRbcaM . ral;skmPaBEdl)anGnuvtn_
RtUvmanr)aykarN_Gnuvtn_ niglTplEdlsMrac)an. ehIykarGnuvtn_Epnkar RtUvEtGnuvtn_[RsbeTAtamEpn
karEdl)ankMNt;enAkgEpnkarrs;rbs;KMerag . cMeBaHral;karcMNayRtUvcMNay[RtUvtamEpnkar nigRtUvman
ksarEdlmankarBak;Bn . RbFanGgPaBRtUvcHueTAemIl tamdanskmPaBGnuvtn_+rbs;mRnIGnuvtn_ edaypal;
nigpl;Gnusasn_edIm,ICYyEklMGr cMnucxVHxat;[kan;EtRbesIreLIg .
cMENkkarvaytMlbBab;KMerag xagKMeragnwgGeBaIyGkvaytMlEdlmanbTBiesaFn_EdlminBak;Bn
nigKMerag EdlmkBIxageRkA minEmnCaGgPaBGnuvtn_KMerag .

eQaH efag suCati ePT RsI Gayu 21 qaM

Gasydanbcb,n : 167 Eo cugfl;xagekIt pvshBnrusSIsgat;Twkfa xNbsSIEkv raCFanIPMeBj
Tel : 017 49 75 29
E-mail: socheat_chem27@yahoo.com

sMnYr
3- RbsinebIGkmankasbegItCaKMeragedIm,IEklMGPUmibTIRkgrbs;Gk etIGknwgbegItnUvKMeragGIVxH? etIGk
nwgGnuvtnUvKMeragTaMgenaHy:agdUcemc?

GtbTsegb
enAkgRbeTsnImYyGacrIkcMerIneTAmux)an luHRtaEtmankarGPivDn_BIPUmi XMu Camunsin. BiessCagenH
eTAeTot RtvmankarcUlrYmshkarN_BIRbCaCnkgPUminImYy kdUcCakgRbeTsTaMgmUlpgEdr. dUcenHkgnam
CaRbCaBlrdmYyrUbEdlmanbMNgcg;cUlrYmcMEnkGPivDn_RbeTsCati manbMNgcg;EklMGPUmirbs;eday
begItnUvKMeragfIcMnYnbYnKW TI1> begItsmaKmGPivDn_visyksikm nigkarBarbrisan/ TI2> begItkwbsikSasMrab;
kumar nigyuvvy/ TI3>begItkEngRbwkSa nigpl;Btman/ nig TI4> begItbNalytUcmYykgPUmi. sgwmya:g
mutmaMfaKMeragTaMgbYnxagelInwgGacTTYl)aneCaKCy RbsinebImanCYyeRCamERCgBIraCrdaPi)al / RksYgnana
dUcCa RksYgksikm RksYgGb;rM CaedIm RBmTaMgGgkareRkAraCrdaPi)al ehIymankarcUlrYmBImnIPUmi XMu
nigCaBiessRbCaCnkgPUmi. KMeragTaMgbYnenHBitCamanRbeyaCn_ya:geRcInsMrab;ykeTAGnuvtn_edIm,IGPivDn_
PUmi XMu eGaymanPaBrIkcMerInya:gqab;rhs.

-1-

1> esckIepIm
RbCaCnKWCakMlaMgclkrmYydBiess kgkarcUlrYmcMEnkeFVIeGayRbeTsmankarrIkcMerIneCOnelOneTA
mux. karGPivDn_rbs;RbeTsmYyRtvcab;epImBIkarGPivDn_PUmi XMu Camunsin edIm,IQaneTAdl;karGPivDn_
RbeTsCatiTaMgmUl. ya:gNamij kgnamCaRbCaBlrdmYyrUb edIm,IrYmcMEnkCYyGPivDn_RbeTsCati man
bMNgcg;EklMGPUmirbs;eGaymanPaBRbesIreLIgedIm,IQaneTArkkarGPivDn_. tamkarsegtrbs; RbCaCn
PaKeRcInenAkgPUmiRbkbrbrksikm edayeFVIERscMkar ciBawmstV nigmYycMnYntUceFVICMnYjCYjdUr. cMeBaHksikr
mYycMnYnFM Kat;BMudwgBIviFIsaRsmYycMnYndUcCa kareRbIR)as;CI karplitCIFmCati karEfTaMdI nigkarEsVgrkTIpSar
CaedIm.
cMEnkekgPaKeRcInkgPUmi
eRkayBIRtlb;mkBIsalaeronvij
BYkeKKitEtElgCamYyekgKagBMu
)anenApHeronbEnmenaHeT
ehIyxHeTotcUlrYmCamYyekgEdlBMu)ancUleroneTARbRBwtiGMeBIG)aymuxdUcCa
bgr
CaCMelaH
edIrelgepspaseKcsala/ pwkRsaRsvwk/ nigesBfaMejon BiessyuvCneRkAsalaeron. bEnmBIenH
RbCaCnPaKeRcInenACnbTBMu)anTTYlBtmanRKb;RKan;GMBIbBasgm/ bBasuxPaB/ CMgWeGds_/ kameraK nig
karGb;rM. ktaenHTaMgGs;enHehIyEdlCMrujeGaymanbMNgcg;begItnUvKMeragmYycMnYn edIm,IrYmcMEnkGPivDn_
PUmirbs; eGaymankarGPivDn_ nigmanCIvPaBFUrFarCagmun.
2>karbegItKMerag
edIm,IEklMGPUmirbs;eGaymankarGPivDn_eCOnelOneTAmux manbMNgbegItnUvKMeragcMnYnbYnKW
- begItsmaKmGPivDvisyksikm nigkarBarbrisan
- begIteGaymankwbsikSasMrab;kumar nigCMTg;
- begIteGaymankEngRbwkSa nigpl;Btman
- begItbNalytUcmYyenAkgPUmi .
2>1 smaKmGPivDvisyksikm nigkarBarbrisan
RbCaCnPaKeRcInBMu)anyl;c,as;BIviFsI asnanaedIm,IGPivDn_muxrbrksikmrbs;BYkKat;eLIy.
dUcenHeyIgKYrEtbegItsmaKmtUcmYyEdlsIGMBIkarGPivDn_visyksikm nigkarBarbrisan Edlmankar
Tak;TgeTAnwgcMnucdUcxageRkam
-plb:HBal;nkareRbIR)as;CIKImI
-KuNRbeyaCn_nkareRbIR)as;CIFmCati
-rebobplit nigeRbIR)as;CIFmCati
-2-

-KuNvibtinbrisanminsat nig plb:HBal;n)asic

-rebobEfTaMRbPBTwkmandUcCa bwg RtBaMg RsH Ten>>>nigkareRbIR)as;TwkRbkbedayGnamy
-sarRbeyaCn_nkardaMedImeQI .
2>2 kwbsikSasMrab;kumar nigyuvCn
edIm,IbNHbNalekg
nigyuvCneGaymansmtPaBx<s;
nigeCosputBIkarRbRBwtiGMeBIminl EdlsgmminTTYlsal;dUcCa eKcsala/ edIrelg/ bgrCaCMelaH/
esBeRKOgejon
CaedIm.
dUcenHeyIgKYrEtbegIteGaymankwbsikSamYykgPUmi
edIm,IENnaMBYkeKeGayxitxMeronsURt
nigRbRBwtiEt
GMeBIl.
kwbsikSaenHrYmmankmviFIsikSaeRkAema:gdl;kumar
nigyuvCn
ehIymanbBalnUvEl,gkMsan
sb,ayEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarGb;rM nig karecosvagkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejonEdlvaCa]bsKmYy eFVIeGay
raMgsHdl;karGPivDn_sgm.
2>3 kEngRbwkSa nigpl;Btman
karbegItsmaKmmYysMrab;pl;karRbwkSaBieRKaHeyabl;GMBIbBaTaMgLayEdlTak;TgeTAnwgbBa
suxPaBrYmman suxPaBbnBUC/ CMgWeGds_/ kameraK/ GMeBIhwgSakgRKsar/ karBnakMenIt/ RBmTaMgCMg
mYycMnYnEdlekIteLIgbnan;PamdUcCa CMgWpassayRCk CMgWpasaybkSI nigpl;nUvBtmansIGMBIplb:HBal;nkareRbIR)as;eRKOgejon/ karsikSaGb;rMrbs;ekg nigviFIsaRsGb;rMkUn.
2>4 bNalykgPUmi
bNalyesIrEtTaMgGs;Rtv)anbegIteLIgkgsalaeron rW saklviTasMrab;sisSanusisScUlGan
b:uEnvaminTan;RKb;RKan; nwgpl;PaBgayRslsMrab;pl;cMeNHdwgdl;RbCaCnTUeTAenAeLIyeT. eyIgKYrEt
begItkUnbNalytUcmYyenAkgPUmisMrab;RbCaCncUlGan
minfamnusScas;
rWkkumarsuTEtGaccUlGan
)anedayesrI.
kareFVIEbbenHvaGacCYybegItnUvcMenHdwgRbCaCn
ehIyvakCaRbPBpl;nUvBtmand
sMxan;dl;BYkKat;.
eyIgGacerobcMCaesovePAEdlTak;TgeTAnwgsuxPaB/ kaEst TsSnavdI/ kMrgGtbT xI/ RBwtbti/
xitbN/ esovePAFm/ kMNaB/ esovePAerOg nigesovePA rWksarepSg eTotEdlGac
pl;CaKuNRbeyaCn_sMrab;RbCaCn.
3> karGnuvtn_KMerag
-3-

edIm,IeFVIeGayKMeragTaMgbYnTTYl)aneCaKCy luHRtaEtmankarCYyeRCamERCg nigcUlrYmBIsMNak;

RbCaCnkgPUmi emPUmi emXMu ecAhVayRsuk ecAhVayext raCrdaPi)al edIm,IGnuBaatikgkarbegItKMeragTaMgenH
Capvkar RBmTaMgpl;CafvikaredIm,IeGayKMeragenHGacedIreTAmux)an nigmankarpl;CMnYyBIGgkareRkAraCrdaPi)almYycMnYnEdlTak;TgCamYyKMeragenH. bnab;BIKMeragTaMgenHTTYl)aneCaKCy eyIgRtverobcMEpnkarN_ nig
yuTsaRseGay)anRtwmRtv EdlmanRbsiTPaBkgkarGnuvtn_KMeragTaMgenHeGayman dMeNIrkarRbkbeday
nirnPaB.
3>1 smaKmGPivDvisyksikm nigkarBarbrisan
-sMnUmBrdl;RksYgksikmeGaypl;GkkeTskgkarplitCIFmCati nigviFIsaRsepSgkgkar
eFVIksikm ciBawmstV CaedIm.
-ebIkeGaymankarbgat;beRgonRbCaCnEdlsRKcit nigmansmtPaBcMnYnbInak;eGayecHplit
CIFmCatienH.
-GnuBaatieGayGkPUmibInak;xagelI ebIkGaCIvkmeFVICIFmCatilk;kgtMlsmrmdl;RbCaCn.
-ebIkkarCYbRbCMuCamYyGkPUmisIGMBIsarRbeyaCn_nkareRbIR)as;CIFmCati/ rebobeRbIR)as; mun
nwgGnuBatieGayeRbIR)as;CasklenAkgPUmi.
-ebIkkarCYbRbCMuBIrdgkgmYyExCaeTogTat; edIm,IBieRKaHeyabl;BIbBaepSgsIGMBIbBaksikm
nigbrisan.
-edIm,ImanPaBgayRsYlkgkarCYbCamYyGkPUmi nigeFVIkarCamYyBYkKat; eyIgRtvEtEbgEck
RbCaCnCaRkmtUc EdlmantMNagRkmsMrab;RKb;RKg ehIyenAeBlmankarRbCMumgeyIgGacNat;CYbtamRkm
rWtMNagRkmrbs;BYkKat;.
3>2 kwbsikSasMrab;kumar nigCMTg;
-EsVgrkRKenAkgPUmieGayBYkKat;mkbeRgonKYrbEnmdl;ekgeRkayBIQb;sMrakBIsalaeron
-kgeBlbeRgnmanbBalnUvEl,gkMsanEdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarGb;rM
-begItnUvkmviFIhtkmsMrab;kumaredIm,IbNHnUvKMnitcRbDit
-Caerogral;fesAr_-GaTit begItkmviFIGb;rMsIBIbMninCIvit/ Tb;sat;kareRbIR)as;eRKOgejon/
CMgWeGds_ nigbBaepSgeTotEdlCaplb:Hdl;kumar nigyuvCn.
-kgkmviFIKYrEtbegItnUvEl,gkMsan/ kareqIysMnYrykrgVan;/ karBaJauMnMcMnI edIm,IbegItnUvPaBTak;
Tajdl;ekgeGayBYkeKcg;cUlrYm nigbgrbriyakaseGaykan;EtmanPaBsiTsal
-4-

-mYydgkgmYys)as_RtvbEnmnUvkmviFIsikSasIGMBIviTasasTMenIb EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkareRbI
R)as; Computer nig Internet edIm,InaMpveGayBYkeKsal;BIsgmnaeBlbcb,n nigPaBgayenAeBlBYkeKmkbn
karsikSaenAsaklviTaly.
3>3 kEngpl;karRbwkSa nigBtman
-sMnUmBreTAdl;GgkarnanaeGaypl;GkEdlmancMeNHdwgxagbBasuxPaB/ suxPaBbnBUC/ CMgW
eGds_/ nigCMgWkameraK rW begItvKbNHbNalkgPUmidl;RbCaCnsRKcit sMrab;eGayBYkKat;CaGkpl;cMeNHdwg
bneTot.
-manmnusScaMTTYlkarRbwkSa BieRKaHeyabl;BIsMNak;RbCaCnkgPUmisIGMBIbBasuxPaB
-begItvKbNHbNalmitGb;rMmit
-EbgEckRbCaCnCaRkm ehIybBanmitGb;rMmiteGayeTApl;Btman nigcMeNHdwgGMBIbBa
suxPaBbnBUCdl;BYkKat;enAtameKhdan
-kgmYyExmg ebIkeGaymankarRbCMu nigmankarcUlrYmedayesrIedIm,Ipl;nUvcMeNHdwgxagbBa
suxPaB/ karBnakMenIt/ karbgareCMgWeGds_ kameraK nigCMgWepSgRBmTaMgpl;nUvBtmannanaEdlTak;TgeTA
nwgkarsikSarbs;ekg.
-R)ab;BIkalviPaKnkarpSayrbs;viTBIkmviFIepSgEdlBak;Bnnigpl;KuNRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCn.
3>4 kUnbNalykgPUmi
-ksagkUnGKartUcmYysMrab;pkesovePA
-erobcMesovePA nigksarmYycMnYndUc)anerobrab;kgcMnuc 2>4
-bNHbNalRbCaCnkgPUmiEdlBMumankargareFVI rW RkIRkcMnYn 3-5 nak;eGayBYkKat;ecHRKb;
RKgkUnbNalyenH nigpl;R)ak;ExeGayBYkKat;
-bNalyRtvebIkeGaycUlGanedayesrIcab;BIema:g 8-11 RBwk nig 2-5 lac Caerogral;f
-begItnUvbTbBamYy }esovePAkgbNalyBMuGnuBaatieGayxIecjenaHeT}.
4> esckIbBab;
CacugeRkaysgwmfa KMeragrbs;TaMgbYnxagelInwgGacTTYl)aneCaKCy nigRtv)anykmkGnuvtn_kg
PUmirbs;k_dUcCaenAkgRbeTskm<CaTaMgmUl. KMeragTaMgbYnenHminEmneTIbEtpuseLIgkgKMnitrbs;enAeBl
enHeT b:uEnva)ansitenAkgKMnitrbs;CayUrNas;mkehIy eTIbEtfenHmankas)anbeBajnUvKMnitrbs;mk
-5-

xageRkAeGayGkdT)andwg. bEnmBIenH cg;eGaymnusSRKb;Ka)andwg nigcUlrYmshkarN_KaedIm,IeGay

KMeragenHTTYl)aneCaKCy BIeRBaHKMeragTaMgbYnenHBitCanaMmknUvGtRbeyaCn_CaeRcInsMrab;sgmrbs;eyIgeqa<H
eTArkkarGPivDn_eCOnelOneTAmuxCaminxan.

-6-

()

( )

)
E

/ ( )

tiengsophea@gmail.com ( )

,.

,,

(1) -%

(
)

www.wikipedia.com,(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia#cite_note-0)
(1)

(2)general information at: http://www.mot.gov.kh/presentation.php?CoID=2 www.mot.gov.kh

(-)

)
(

( )/

Wikipedia, www.wikipedia.com: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia#cite_note-0

.

www.mot.gov.kh
.