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xv

fo"k;kuqØef.kdk

iqjksoko~Q v
Hkwfedk ix
eÄõye~ 1
izFke% ikB% 'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 3
f}rh;% ikB% xq.korh dU;k 13
r`rh;% ikB% f'k'kqykyue~ 21
prqFkZ% ikB% O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 31
i×pe% ikB% cqf¼cZyorh lnk 39
"k"B% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 48
lIre% ikB% HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 56
v"Ve% ikB% iz'u=k;e~ 64
uoe% ikB% izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 73
n'ke% ikB% vU;ksDr;% 82
,dkn'k% ikB% fofp=k% lk{kh 90
}kn'k% ikB% thoua foHkoa fouk 99
izFke ikB%

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~
izLrqr ikB vk/qfud laLÑr dfo gfjnÙk 'kekZ osQ jpuk laxgz ^ylYyfrdk* ls ladfyr
gSA blesa dfo us egkuxjksa dh ;kaf=kd&cgqyrk ls c<+rs izn"w k.k ij fpUrk O;Dr djrs gq,
dgk gS fd ;g ykSgpØ ru&eu dk 'kks"kd gS] ftlls ok;qe.My vkSj Hkwe.My nksuksa
efyu gks jgs gSAa dfo egkuxjh; thou ls nwj] unh&fu>Zj] o`{klewg] yrkoqQ×t ,oa if{k;ksa
ls xqf×tr ouizn's kksa dh vksj pyus dh vfHkyk"kk O;Dr djrk gSA
nqoZge=k thfora tkra izÑfrjso 'kj.ke~A
'kqfp&i;kZoj.ke~AA
egkuxjeè;s pynfu'ka dkyk;lpØe~A
eu% 'kks"k;r~ ruq% is"k;n~ Hkzefr lnk oØe~AA
nqnkZUrSnZ'kuSjequk L;kUuSo tuxzlue~A 'kqfp---AA1AA

dTtyefyua /wea eq×pfr 'kr'kdVh;kue~A


ok"i;kuekyk la/kofr forjUrh èokue~AA
;kukuka iÄ~Dr;ks áuUrk% dfBua lalj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA2AA
4 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

ok;qe.Mya Hk`'ka nwf"kra u fg fueZya tye~A


oqQfRlroLrqfefJra Hk{;a leya /jkrye~AA
dj.kh;a cfgjUrtZxfr rq cgq 'kq¼hdj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA3AA
df×pr~ dkya u; ekeLekUuxjkn~ cgqnjw e~A
izi';kfe xzkekUrs fu>Zj&unh&i;%iwje~AA
,dkUrs dkUrkjs {k.kefi es L;kr~ l×pj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA4AA
gfjrr:.kka yfyryrkuka ekyk je.kh;kA
oqQlekofy% lehjpkfyrk L;kUes oj.kh;kAA
uoekfydk jlkya fefyrk #fpja laxeue~A 'kqfp---AA5AA

vf; py cU/ks! [kxoqQydyjo xqf×trouns'ke~A


iqj&dyjo lEHkzfertusH;ks /`rlq[klUns'ke~AA
pkdfpD;tkya uks oqQ;kZTthforjlgj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA6AA
izLrjrys yrkr#xqYek uks HkoUrq fi"Vk%A
ik"kk.kh lH;rk fulxsZ L;kUu lekfo"VkAA
ekuok; thoua dke;s uks thoUej.ke~A 'kqfp---AA7AA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 5

'kCnkFkkZ%
nqoZge~ & nq"dje~ & dfBu] nwHkj
thfore~ & thoue~ & thou
vfu'ke~ & vgfuZ'ke~ & fnu&jkr
dkyk;lpØe~ & ykSgpØe~ & yksgs dk pØ
'kks"k;r~ & 'kq"dhoqQoZr~ & lq[kkrs gq,
ruq% & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj
is"k;n~ & fi"VhoqQoZr~ & ihlrs gq,
oØe~ & oqQfVye~ & Vs<+k
nqnkZUrS% & Hk;VjS% & Hk;kud (ls)
n'kuS% & nUrS% & nk¡rksa ls
vequk & vusu & blls
tuxzlue~ & tuHk{k.ke~ & ekuo fouk'k
dTtyefyue~ & dTtysu efyue~ & dkty&lk efyu (dkyk)
/we% & ok"i% & /qvk¡
eq×pfr & R;tfr & NksM+rk gS
'kr'kdVh;kue~ & 'kdVh;kukuka 'kre~ & lSdM+ksa eksVj xkfM+;k¡
ok"i;kuekyk & ok"i;kukuka iafDr% & jsyxkM+h dh iafDr
forjUrh & nnrh & nsrh gqbZ
èokue~ & èofue~ & dksykgy
lalj.ke~ & l×pyue~ & pyuk
Hk`'ka & vR;f/de~ & vR;f/d
Hk{;e~ & [kk|inkFkZ & HkksT; inkFkZ
leye~ & eysu ;qDre~ & ey;qDr] xUnxh ls ;qDr
xzkekUrs & xzkeL; lhek;ke~ (lhfEu) & xk¡o dh lhek ij
i;%iwje~ & tyk'k;e~ & ty ls Hkjk gqvk rkykc
6 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

dkUrkjs & ous & taxy esa


oqQlqekofy% & oqQlqekuka iafDr% & iwQyksa dh iafDr
lehjpkfyrk & ok;qpkfyrk & gok ls pyk;h gqbZ
jlkye~ & vkeze~ & vke
#fpje~ & lqUnje~ & lqUnj
[kxoqQydyjo & [kxoqQykuka dyjo% & if{k;ksa osQ lewg dh èofu
(if{klewgèofUk%)
pkdfpD;tkye~ & Ñf=kea izHkkoiw.k± txr~ & pdkpkSa/ Hkjh nqfu;k
izLrjrys & f'kykrys & iRFkjksa osQ ry ij
yrkr#xqYek% & yrk'p rjo'p xqYek'p & yrk] o`{k vkSj >kM+h
ik"kk.kh & ioZre;h & iFkjhyh
fulxsZ & izÑR;ke~ & izÑfr esa

vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) dfo% fdeFk± izo`Qrs% 'kj.ke~ bPNfr\
([k) dLekr~ dkj.kkr~ egkuxjs"kq lalj.ka dfBua orZrs\
(x) vLekoaQ i;kZoj.ks ¯d ¯d nwf"kre~ vfLr\
(?k) dfo% oqQ=k l×pj.ka dÙkqeZ ~ bPNfr\
(Ä) LoLFkthouk; dhn`'ks okrkoj.ks Hkze.kh;e~\
(p) vfUres i|ka'ks dos% dk dkeuk vfLr\

2- lfUèka@lfU/foPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) izÑfr% $ ------------------------ ¾ izÑfrjso
([k) L;kr~ $ -------- $ -------- ¾ L;kUuSOk
(x) --------- $ vuUrk% ¾ áuUrk%
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 7

(?k) ofg% $ vUr% $ txfr ¾ ------------------------


(Ä) --------- $ uxjkr~ ¾ vLekUuxjkr~
(p) le~ $ pj.ke~ ¾ ------------------------
(N) /wee~ $ eq×pfr ¾ ------------------------

3- vèkksfyf[krkuke~ vO;;kuka lgk;r;k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


Hk`'ke~] ;=k] r=k] v=k] vfi] ,o] lnk] cfg%
(d) bnkuha ok;qe.Mya ------------------ iznwf"krefLrA
([k) ------------------ thoua nqoZge~ vfLrA
(x) izkÑfrd&okrkoj.ks {k.ka l×pj.ke~ ------------------ ykHknk;oaQ HkofrA
(?k) i;kZoj.kL; laj{k.ke~ ------------------ izÑrs% vkjk/ukA
(Ä) ------------------ le;L; lnqi;ksx% dj.kh;%A
(p) HkwdfEir&le;s ------------------ xeueso mfpra HkofrA
(N) ------------------ gjhfrek ------------------ 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~A

4- mnkgj.keuql`R; vèkksfyf[kr&ins"kq izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa@la;ksxa oqQ#r&


;Fkk&tkre~ ¾ tu~ $ Dr
(d) iz $ Ñ $ fDru~ ¾ ------------------
([k) fu $ l` $ Dr $ Vki~ ¾ ------------------
(x) ------------------ $ Dr ¾ nwf"kre~
(?k) ------------------ $ ------------------ ¾ dj.kh;e~
(Ä) ------------------ $ ;r~ ¾ Hk{;e~
(p) je~ $ -------------------- $ ------------------ ¾ je.kh;k
(N) --------------- $ --------------- $ --------------- ¾ oj.kh;k
(t) fi"k~ $ ------------------ ¾ fi"Vk%
8 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

5- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina fy[kr&


(d) lfyye~ ------------------
([k) vkeze~ ------------------
(x) oue~ ------------------
(?k) 'kjhje~ ------------------
(Ä) oqQfVye~ ------------------
(p) ik"kk.ke~ ------------------

6- mnkgj.keuql`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&


;Fkk&foxzg inkfu leLrin lekluke
(d) eysu lfgre~ leye~ vO;;hHkko
([k) gfjrk% p ;s rjo% (rs"kka) ------------------ deZ/kj;
(x) yfyrk% p ;k% yrk% (rklke~) ------------------ deZ/kj;
(?k) uok ekfydk ------------------ deZ/kj;
(Ä) /`r% lq[klUns'k% ;su (re~) ------------------ cgqczhfg
(p) dTtye~ bo efyue~ ------------------ deZ/kj;
(N) nqnkZUrS% n'kuS% ------------------ deZ/kj;

7- js[kkfÄïr&inek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&


(d) 'kdVh;kue~ dTtyefyua /wea eq×pfrA
([k) m|kus if{k.kka dyjoa psr% izlkn;frA
(x) ik"kk.khlH;rk;ka yrkr#xqYek% izLrjrys fi"Vk% lfUrA
(?k) egkuxjs"kq okgukuke~ vuUrk% iÄ~Dr;% /kofUrA
(Ä) izÑR;k% lfUu/kS okLrfooaQ lq[ka fo|rsA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 9

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
lekl & lelua lekl%
lekl dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS&la{ksiA nks ;k nks ls vf/d 'kCnksa osQ feyus ls tks
rhljk u;k vkSj laf{kIr :i curk gS og lekl dgykrk gSA lekl osQ eq[;r% pkj Hksn
gSμ
a
1- vO;;hHkko lekl 2- rRiq#"k
3- cgqczhfg 4- }U}
1- vO;;hHkko
bl lekl esa igyk in vO;; gksrk gS vkSj ogh izèkku gksrk gSA
;Fkk&fueZf{kde~ ef{kdk.kke~ vHkko%A
;gk¡ izFkein fuj~ gS vkSj f}rh;in ef{kde~ gSA ;gk¡ ef{kdk dh iz/kurk u gksdj ef{kdk
dk vHkko iz/ku gS] vr% ;gk¡ vO;;hHkko lekl gSA oqQN vU; mnkgj.k ns[ksa&
(i) mixzkee~ & xzkeL; lehis & (lehirk dh iz/kurk)
(ii) futZue~ & tukuke~ vHkko% & (vHkko dh iz/kurk)
(iii) vuqjFke~ & jFkL; i'pkr~ & (i'pkr~ dh iz/kurk)
(iv) izfrx`ge~ & x`ga x`ga izfr & (izR;sd dh izèkkurk)
(v) ;Fkk'kfDr & 'kfDre~ vufrØE; & (lhek dh izèkkurk)
(vi) lpØe~ & poszQ.k lfgre~ & (lfgr dh izèkkurk)
2- rRiq#"k & ^izk;s.k mÙkjiniz/ku% rRiq#"k%* bl lekl esa izk;% mÙkjin dh iz/kurk gksrh
gS vkSj iwoZ in mÙkjin osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Z djrk gSA leLrin esa iwoZin dh foHkfDr
dk yksi gks tkrk gSA
;Fkk& jktiq#"k% vFkkZr~ jktk dk iq#"kA ;gka¡ jktk dh iz/kurk u gksdj iq#"k dh iz/kurk
gS] vkSj jktk 'kCn iq#"k osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Z djrk gSA
(i) xzkexr% & xzkea xr%A
(ii) 'kj.kkxr% & 'kj.ke~ vkxr%A
(iii) ns'kHkDr% & ns'kL; HkDr%A
10 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(iv) ¯lgHkhr% & ¯lgkr~ Hkhr%A


(v) Hk;kiÂ% & Hk;e~ vkiÂ%A
(vi) gfj=kkr% & gfj.kk =kkr%A
rRiq#"k lekl osQ nks Hksn gSa&deZ/kj; vkSj f}xqA
(i) deZ/kj; & bl lekl esa ,d in fo'ks"; rFkk nwljk in igys in dk fo'ks"k.k gksrk gSA
;Fkk&
ihrkEcje~ & ihra p rr~ vEcje~A
egkiq#"k% & egku~ p vlkS iq#"k%A
dTtyefyue~ & dTtye~ bo efyue~A
uhydeye~ & uhya p rr~ deye~A
ehuu;ue~ & ehu bo u;ue~A
eq[kdeye~ & deye~ bo eq[ke~A
(ii) f}xq & ^la[;kiwoksZ f}xq%* bl lekl esa igyk in la[;kokph gksrk gS vkSj lekgkj
(vFkkZr~ ,d=khdj.k ;k lewg) vFkZ dh iz/kurk gksrh gSA
;Fkk& f=kHkqte~ & =k;k.kka Hkqtkuka lekgkj%A
blesa iwoZin ^f=k* la[;kokph gSA
iapik=ke~ & iapkuka ik=kk.kka lekgkj%A
iapoVh & iapkuka oVkuka lekgkj%A
lIrf"kZ% & lIrkuka ½"kh.kka lekgkj%A
prq;qZxe~ & prq.kk± ;qxkuka lekgkj%A

3- cgqczhfg & ^vU;iniz/ku% cgqczhfg%*


bl lekl esa iwoZ rFkk mÙkj inksa dh iz/kurk u gksdj fdlh vU; in dh iz/kurk gksrh
gSA
;Fkk&
ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcje~ ;L; l% (fo".kq%)A ;gk¡ u rks ihre~ 'kCn dh iz/kurk gS
vkSj u vEcje~ 'kCn dh vfirq ihrkEcj/kjh fdlh vU; O;fDr (fo".kq)
dh iz/kurk gSA
'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 11

uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A


n'kkuu% & n'k vkuukfu ;L; l% (jko.k%)A
vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; l%A
foxfyrle`f¼e~ & foxfyrk le`f¼% ;L; re~A
iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~A
4- }U} & ^mHk;iniz/ku% }U}%* bl lekl esa iwoZin vkSj mÙkjin nksauksa dh leku :i
ls izèkkurk gksrh gSA inksa osQ chp\ esa ^p* dk iz;ksx foxzg esa gksrk gSA

;Fkk&
jkey{e.kkS & jke'p y{e.k'pA
irjkS & ekrk p firk pA
/ekZFkZdkeeks{kk% & /eZ'p] vFkZ'p] dke'p] eks{k'pA
olUrxzh"ef'kf'kjk% & olUr'p xzh"e'p f'kf'kj'pA
dfoifjp; & izks- gfjnÙk 'kekZ lEizfr bykgkckn osQUnzh; fo'ofo|ky; esa laLÑr osQ vkpk;Z
gSaA buosQ dbZ laLÑr dkO; izdkf'kr gks pqosQ gSaA tSls&xhroaQnfydk] f=kiFkxk] mRdfydk]
ckyxhrkyh] vkØUnue~] ylYyfrdk bR;kfnA budh jpukvksa esa lekt dh folaxfr;ksa osQ izfr
vkØks'k rFkk LoLFk okrkoj.k osQ izfr fn'kkfunsZ'k osQ Hkko izkIr gksrs gSaA

HkkofOkLrkj%

i`fFkoh] tya] rstks ok;qjkdk'k'psfr i×pegkHkwrkfu izÑrs% ize[q krÙokfuA ,rS% rÙoSjos i;kZoj.kL;
jpuk HkofrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdks¿ususfr i;kZoj.ke~A ifj"Ñra iznw"k.kjfgra p
i;kZoj.keLeH;a loZfo/thoulq[ka nnkfrA vLekfHk% lnSo rFkk iz;frrO;a ;Fkk tya LFkya xxu×p
fueZya L;kr~A i;kZoj.klEc¼k% osQpu 'yksdk% v/ksfyf[krk% lfUrμ
;Fkk&
i`fFkoha ifjrks O;kI; rkekPNk| fLFkra p ;r~
txnk/kj:is.k] i;kZoj.keqP;rsAA
12 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

iznw"k.kfo"k;s&
l`"VkS fLFkrkS fouk'ks p u`foKScZgquk'kde~A
i×prÙofo#¼a ;Rlkf/ra rRiznw"k.ke~AA
ok;qiznw"k.kfo"k;s&
izf{kIrks okguS/Zwe% o`Q".ks cg~oidkjd%A
nq"VSjZlk;uS;qZDrks ?kkrd% 'okl#Xog%AA
tyiznw"k.kfo"k;s&
;U=k'kkyk ifjR;DrSuZxjsnwf"krnzoS%A
unhunkS leqnzk'p izf{kIrSnZw"k.ka xrk%AA
iznw"k.k fuokj.kk; laj{k.kk; p &
'kks/ua jksi.ka j{kko/Zua ok;qokfj.k%A
oukuka oU;oLrwuka Hkwes% laj{k.ka oje~AA
,rs 'yksdk% i;kZoj.kdkO;kr~ ladfyrk% lfUrA
rRle&rn~Hko&'kCnkukeè;;ue~μ
v/ksfyf[krkuka rRle'kCnkuka rnqn~Hkwrkuka p rn~Hko'kCnkuka ifjp;% dj.kh;%&
rRle rn~Hko
izLrj & iRFkj
ok"i & Hkki
nqoZg & nwHkj
oØ & ck¡dk
dTty & dkty
pkdfpD; & pdkpd] pdkpkSa/
/we% & /qv¡k
'kre~ & lkS (100)
cfg% & ckgj
NUn% ifjp;%
vfLeu~ xhrs 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~ bfr /zqooaQ (LFkk;h) orZrsA rnfrfjDra loZ=k izfrifÄ~Dr 26
ek=kk% lfUrA bna xhfrdkPNUnl% :iefLrA
f}rh;% ikB%

xq.korh dU;k
izLrqr ikB egkdfo n.Mh }kjk jfpr n'koqQekjpfjr uked x|dkO; osQ "k"B mPN~okl
ls lEikfnr dj ladfyr gSA ;gk¡ fe=kxqIr vius fofp=k o`ÙkkUr osQ vUrxZr xksfeuh
uked dU;k dh dFkk lqukrk gS tks ,d izLFk (32 iyksa osQ cjkcj) /ku ls ,d
O;fDr dks lEiw.kZ Hkkstu djkus dk izcU/ djrh gSA
vfLr nzfoMs"kq dk×ph uke uxjhA rL;keusddksfVlkj% Jsf"Biq=k% 'kfDroqQekjks
ukeklhr~A lks¿"Vkn'ko"kZn's kh;% fpUrkekiÂ%&^ukLR;nkjk.kke~ vuuqx.q knkjk.kka ok
lq[ke~A rRdFka uq xq.kon~ foUns;a dy=ke~A* l oL=kkUrfiu¼'kkfyizLFkks nkjxzg.kk;
HkqoeHkzer~A ;ka dkefi y{k.korha dU;ka foyksD; l i`PNfr&^Hknz!s 'kDuksf"k fdeusu
'kkfyizLFksu xq.konÂe~ vLeku~ Hkkstf;rqe\~ * ,oa Ñrs l gflrko/wr% x`gkn~ x`ga
izfo';kHkzer~A
,dnk l dkosjhrhjiÙkus foxfyrle`¯¼ fojyHkw"k.kka oqQekjhei';r~A
rL;k vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekjks¿fpUr;r~&ls;ekÑfruZ 'khyfojksf/
uhA vklTtfr es ân;eL;kesoA rnsuka
ijh{;ks n ~ o gkfeA Lus g iw . kZ n ` f "V% l
vkg&^vfLr rs dkS'kya 'kkfyizLFksukusu
lEiÂekgkje~ vLeku~ Hkkstf;rqe\~ *
rrLr;k o`¼nklh lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrkA
rL; gLrkr~ izLFkek=ka èkkU;eknk; Lox`gL;
pRojs ra iz{kkfyrikne~ mikos'k;r~A
rrLrku~ lqjHkhu~ 'kkyhukris fdf×pn~
14 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

fo'kks"; eqgqeZqgq% ifjoR;Z lek;ka HkwekS v?k^;r~A rq"ksH;Lr.MqykUi`Fko~Q ÑRok


èkk=kheqDrorh&^ekr%! beku~ Hkw"k.kektZuleFkkZu~ rq"kku~ Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA rsH;ks
yC/kfHk% dkfd.khfHk% dk"Bkkfu LFkkyha 'kjko};a pkgj* rr% lk rku~ r.Mqyku~
myw[kys eqlysukogR; 'kwi.Zs k 'kks/f;Rok¿lÑn~ tysu iz{kkY; DofFkrtys izkf{kir~A
fl¼s"kq p r.Mqy"s kq e.Mfu%lkj.kk; LFkkyhe/kse[q kha ÑrorhA bU/ukfu iqujEHklk
'kef;Rok Ñ".kkÄõkjkufi rnfFkZH;% izfs "krorhA foØhrSjÄõkjS;rZ ~ ewY;a yC/a rsu
'kkoaQ ?k`ra nf/ rSya fp×pkiQya p Øhre~A rrks O;×tukfnoaQ p r;k lEikfnre~A
vFk lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfr¯Fk Lukuk; izsfjrorhA Luku'kq¼k;kfrFk;s
rSyekeyoaQ pk;PNr~A iQydek#á izkÄõ.kdnyhnya yfoRok r=kklua Hkkstukèkkja
p ÑrorhA is;ksigkjiwo± Hkkstua ?k`rlfgrksnua O;×tua p rLeS nÙkorhA

eè;s eè;s p fofo/HkksT;kfn izdkjku~ o.kZf;ROkk #fpefi of/ZrorhA vUrr%


f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeua p iznÙkorhA HkqDrs rq rfLeu~ r;kL; 'k;uO;oLFkkfi ÑrkA
,oa dU;kxq.klEink lekÑ"V% 'kfDroqQekjLrka fof/onqi;E; uhroku~A
vr,oksDre~&
^¯d x`fg.k% fiz;fgrk;\ nkjxq.kk%A*
xq.korh dU;k 15

'kCnkFkkZ%
vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; & ftlosQ ikl vusd djksM+ èku
gks
foUns;e~ & izkIrO;e~ & izkIr djuk pkfg,
dy=ke~ & iRuh & iRuh
'kkfy% & dye%@r.Mqy&fo'ks"k% & /ku (pkoy)
izLFk% & }k¯=k'kr~ iykRed% eki% & ,d fof'k"V eki (32 iyksa
osQ cjkcj)
xq.konÂe~ & Lokfn"Ve~ vÂe~ & Lokfn"V vkSj ikSf"Vd vkgkj
gflrko/wr% & gflrsu vo/wr%@migklsu frjLÑr% & migkl }kjk frjLÑr
rhje~ & rVe~ & rV
iÙkue~ & uxje~ & uxj] dLck
foxfyrle`f¼e~ & foxfyrk le`f¼% ;L;k% rke~ & fu/Zu
vklTtfr & vkÑ"Vks Hkofr & vkÑ"V gks jgk gS
ijh{; & ijh{kka ÑRok & ijh{kk djosQ
mn~ogkfe & fookga djksfe & fookg djrk gw¡
lkfHkizk;e~ & vfHkizk;s.k lfgre~ & vfHkizk;iwoZd
pRojs & izkax.ks & vk¡xu esa
iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~ & /qys gq, iSj okys dk
mikos'k;r~ & & & cSBk;k
lqjHkhu~ & lqjfHklfgrku~ & lqxfU/r
vkris & ?kesZ & /wi esa
fo'kks"; & 'kq"dhÑR; & lq[kkdj
eqgeq gZq %q & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj
ifjoR;Z & ifjorZua fo/k; & myV&iqyV dj
16 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

lek;ke~ HkwekS & lery&HkwekS & lery Hkwfe ij


v?k^;r~ & ?k^ue~ vdjksr~ & owQVk
rq"ksH;% & 'kkfyRofXHk% & /ku dh Hkwlh ls
dkfd.khfHk% & i.koSQ% & iSlksa ls] dkSM+h ls
LFkkyhe~ & ik=kfo'ks"ke~ & Fkkyh
'kjko};e~ & oaQl};e~@o/Zekud};e~ & nks I;kys] nks dVksjs
vkgj & vku; & ykvks
myw[kys & yksdHkk"kk;ke~ vks[ky bfr & vks[kyh esa
izfl¼s ik=ks
eqlysu & oqQ^u;U=kfo'ks"ks.k & ewly ls
'kks/f;Rok & LoPNhÑR; & lkiQ djosQ
vlÑr~ & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj
iz{kkY; & fueZyhÑR; & lkiQ djosQ
DofFkrtys & m".ktys & xje ty esa
vEHklk & tysu & ty ls
'kef;Rok & 'kkUra ÑRok] fuokZif;ROkk & Ba<k djosQ
Ñ".kkÄõkjku~ & vnX/dk"Bku~ & dks;yksa dks
fp×pkiQye~ & frfUr.kh & beyh
O;×tukfnde~ & 'kkdkfnde~ & lCth vkfn
vkeyde~ & vkeyosQu fufeZre~ & vk¡oys dk
iQyde~ & dk"Bklue~ & pkSdh ih<+k
vk#á & vf/#á & p<+dj
yfoRok & dÙkZf;ROkk & dkVdj
Hkkstuk/kje~ & HkkstuL; vk/kje~ & Hkkstu dk vk/kj
is;ksigkjiwoZe~ & is;ksigkjiwoZde~ & Hkkstu ls igys ihus okyk
is; inkFkZ osQ lkFk
xq.korh dU;k 17

?k`rlfgrksnue~ & ?k`r;qDre~ vksnue~ & ?k`r;qDr Hkkr


f'kf'kjokfj.kk & 'khrysu tysu & 'khry ty ls
mi;E; & ifj.kh; & fookg djosQ
x`fg.k% & x`gLFkL; & x`gLFk dk
nkjxq.kk% & L=khxq.kk% & fL=k;ksa osQ xq.k
(nkjk&iRuh)
vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) 'kfDroqQekj% dL;ka fpUrk;ke~ vkiÂ% vklhr~\
([k) dkosjhrhjiÙkus fLFkrk oqQekjh dhn`'kh vklhr~\
(x) oqQekjha foyksD; 'kfDroqQekj% fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) vÄkõ je~ foØh; r;k oqQek;kZ ¯d Øhre~\
(Ä) oqQekjh vfrFk;s HkkstukFk± ¯d nÙkorh\
(p) b;a dFkk dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ mn~/`rk d'p vL;k% iz.ksrk\

2- LFkwyinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&


(d) beku~ rq"kku~ Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA
([k) r;k o`¼nklh lkfHkizk;e~ vkyksfdrkA
(x) rku~ r.Mqyku~ DofFkrtys izkf{kir~A
(?k) lk dU;k vfrfFka Lukuk; izsfjrorhA

3- ^d* LrEHks nÙkkuka inkuka lekukFkZoaQ ina ^[k* LrEHks nÙke~A rkS ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r&
^d* ^[k*
(d) dy=ke~ okjEokje~
([k) iÙkue~ frfUr.kh
18 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) vEHklk iRuh


(?k) eqgqeqgZ q% tysu
(Ä) fp×pkiQye~ uxje~
4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) Lk% foxfyrle`f¼a fojyHkw"k.kka ------------------ vi';r~A (oqQekjhe~@oqQekje~)
([k) vfLr nzfoMs"kq ------------------ uke uxjhA (d×puiqja@dk×ph)
(x) bU/ukfu vEHklk ------------------ Ñ".kkÄkõ jkufi izsf"krorhA ('kef;Rok@izTokY;)
(?k) lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfr¯Fk ------------------ izsfjrorhA (Lukuk;@'k;uk;)
(Ä) f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeua p ------------------A (Ñrorh@nÙkorh)
5- mnkgj.keUkql`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&
;Fkk& iz $ fo'k~ $ Y;i~ ¾ izfo';
(d) fo $ 'kq"k~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
([k) ifj $ o`r~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(x) mi $ ;e~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(?k) iz $ {kky~ $ Y;i~ ¾ -------------
(Ä) ik $ .;r~ ¾ -------------
(p) Ñ $ .;r~ ¾ -------------

6- js[kkfÄïrkfu loZukeinkfu dL; Ñrs iz;qDrkfu rkfu fy[kr&


(d) l% v"Vkn'ko"kZns'kh;% fpUrkekiÂ%A
([k) rL;k% vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekj% vfpUr;r~A
(x) vklTtfr es ân;e~ vL;ke~ ,oA
(?k) r;k vL; 'k;uL; O;oLFkkfi ÑrkA

7- (d) lfU/a oqQ#r&


(i) u $ vfLr $ vnkjk.kke~ ¾ -----------------
(ii) xq.kor~ $ vÂe~ ¾ -----------------
xq.korh dU;k 19

(iii) lk $ b;e~ ¾ -----------------


(iv) ijh{; $ mn~ogkfe ¾ -----------------
(v) iqu% $ vEHklk ¾ -----------------

([k) fuEufyf[kr'kCnkuka lgk;r;k okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&


iz{kkY;] vEHklk] iÙkus] eqgqeqZgq%] pRojs

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
'kfDroqQekj% ifj.k;k; fL=k;ka ;RdkS'kye~ vis{krs Le rr~ orZekuns'kdkyn`"V~;k lehphue~
vfLr u ok bfr Lofopkja LoHkk"k;k izdk'k;rA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- .;r~ izR;; & ^;ksX;* vFkZ esa .;r~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
ihus ;ksX; & is;e~ (ik $ .;r~)
djus ;ksX; & dk;Ze~ (Ñ $ .;r~)
pqjkus ;ksX; & pkS;Ze~ (pqj~ $ .;r~)
gjus ;ksX; & gk;Ze~ (g` $ .;r~)
2- vEHkl~ (ikuh) uiqaldfyÄõ
fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl
f}rh;k vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl
r`rh;k vEHklk vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksfHk%
prqFkhZ vEHkls vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%
iapeh vEHkl% vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%
"k"Bh vEHkl% vEHklks% vEHklke~
lIreh vEHkfl vEHklks% vEHkLlq
i;l~ uHkl~ vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i vEHkl~ osQ leku gh pyrs gSaA
20 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

3- lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrk&vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kh x;hA lkekU; :i ls ns[kus rFkk vfHkizk;iwodZ


ns[kus esa vUrj gksrk gSA ;gk¡ oqQekjh us nklh dks vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kk gS rkfd nklh
muosQ vfHkizk; dks le> ysA nklh us oqQekjh dh ml n`f"V osQ vfHkizk; dks HkyhHkk¡fr
le> fy;k gSA ;gk¡ oqQekjh dk nklh dks ns[kus dk vfHkizk; Fkk fd of.ko~Qiq=k dks ;g
mÙkj nsuk fd eq>eas bl dk;Z dks djus dk dkS'ky gS vFkkZr~ eSa ;g dke dj ldrh gw¡
blfy, rqe buosQ gkFk ls /ku dh iksVyh ys yksA
4- ls;ekÑfruZ 'khyfojksf/uh&;g vkÑfr 'khyfojksf/uh ugha gSA vFkkZr~ ;g 'khyorh
ckfydk gS] blosQ psgjs rFkk HkkoHkafxek dks ns[kdj bldh lPpfj=krk dk vkHkkl gks
tkrk gS fiQj Hkh osQoy eu dh vkokt ij vk¡[ksa ew¡n dj fo'okl djuk Bhd ughaA
5- yfoRok √ywe~ Nsnus $ DRok (lsV~) xq.k vokns'k%A
r`rh;% ikB%

f'k'kqykyue~
izLrqr ikB laLÑrokÄ~e; osQ izfl¼ ukVd ^oqQUnekyk* osQ iape vÄï ls lEikfnr
dj fy;k x;k gSA blosQ jpf;rk izfl¼ ukVddkj fnÄ~ukx gSAa bl ukVdka'k esa jke
oqQ'k vkSj yo dks ¯lgklu ij cSBkuk pkgrs gSa fdUrq os nksuksa vfr'kkyhurkiwodZ euk
djrs gSAa ¯lgkluk:< jke oqQ'k vkSj yo osQ lkSUn;Z ls vkÑ"V gksdj mUgsa viuh
xksn esa cSBk ysrs gSa vkSj vkufUnr gksrs gSAa ikB esa f'k'kq Lusg dk vR;Ur euksgkjh
o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA
(flagkluLFk% jke%A rr% izfo'kr% fonw"kosQuksifn';ekuekxkSZ rkilkS oqQ'kyokS)
fonw"kd% & br br vk;kS!Z
oqQ'kyokS & (jkeL; lehie~ mil`R; iz.kE; p) vfi oqQ'kya egkjktL;\
jke% & ;q"eí'kZukr~ oqQ'kyfeoA Hkorks% ¯d o;e=k oqQ'kyiz'uL; Hkktue~
,o] u iqujfrfFktuleqfprL; d.Bk'ys"kL;A (ifj"oT;) vgks
ân;xzkgh Li'kZ%A

(vkluk/Zeiq os'k;fr)
22 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

mHkkS & jktklua [kYosrr~] u ;qDreè;kflrqeA~


jke% & lO;o/kua u pkfj=kyksik;A rLeknÄï & O;ofgreè;kL;rka ¯lgklue~A
(vVeqios'k;fr)
mHkkS & (vfuPNka ukV;r%) jktu~!
vyefrnkf{k.;suA
jke% & vyefr'kkyhur;kA
Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ks¿uqjks/kn~
xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,oA
oztfr fgedjks¿fi ckyHkkokr~
i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~AA
jke% & ,"k Hkorks% lkSUn;kZoyksdtfursu dkSrgw ysu i`PNkfe&{kf=k;oqQy&
firkeg;ks% lw;p Z Uæ;ks% dks ok Hkorkso'± kL; dÙkkZ\
yo% & Hkxou~ lglznhfèkfr%A
jke% & dFkeLer~lekukfHktukS laoÙ` kkS\
fonw"kd% & ¯d };ksjI;sdeso izfropue~\
yo% & Hkzkrjkokoka lksn;kSAZ
jke% & le:i% 'kjhjlfUuos'k%A o;lLrq u fdf×pnUrje~A
yo% & vkoka ;eykSA
jke% & lEizfr ;qT;rsA ¯d uke/s;e~\
yo% & vk;ZL; oUnuk;ka yo bR;kRekua Jko;kfe (oqQ'ka fufnZ';) vk;ksZ¿fi
xq#pj.koUnuk;ke~ ----------------------------------
oqQ'k% & vgefi oqQ'k bR;kRekua Jko;kfeA
jke% & vgks! mnkÙkjE;% leqnkpkj%A
¯d uke/s;ks Hkorksx#Zq %\
f'k'kqykyue~ 23

yo% & uuq Hkxoku~ okYehfd%A


jke% & osQu lEcU/su\
yo% & miu;uksins'ksuA
jke% & vge=kHkorks% tuoaQ ukerks osfnrqfePNkfeA
yo% & u fg tkukE;L; uke/s;e~A u df'pnfLeu~ riksous rL; uke
O;ogjfrA
jke% & vgks ekgkRE;e~A
oqQ'k% & tkukE;ga rL; uke/s;e~A
jke% & dF;rke~A
oqQ'k% & fujuqØks'kks uke----
jke% & o;L;] viwo± [kyq uke/s;e~A
fonw"kd% & (fofpUR;) ,oa rkor~ i`PNkfe fujuqØks'k bfr d ,oa Hk.kfr\
oqQ'k% & vEckA
fonw"kd% & ¯d dqfirk ,oa Hk.kfr] mr izÑfrLFkk\
oqQ'k% & ;|ko;ksckZyHkkotfura df×pnfou;a i';fr rnk ,oe~ vfèkf{kifr&
fujuqØks'kL; iq=kkS] ek pkiye~ bfrA
fonw"kd% & ,r;ks;fZ n firqfuZjuqØks'k bfr uke/s;e~ ,r;kstuZ uh rsukoekfurk
fuokZflrk ,rsu opusu nkjdkS fuHkZRlZ;frA
jke% & (Loxre~) f/Ä~ ekesoHa kwre~A lk rifLouh eRÑrsukijk/su LokiR;esoa
eU;qxHkSjZ {kjSfuZHkZRlZ;frA
(lok"ieoyksd;fr)
jke% & vfrnh?kZ% izoklks¿;a nk#.k'pA (fonw"kdeoyksD; tukfUrde~)
oqQrwgysukfo"Vks ekrjeu;ksukZerks osfnrqfePNkfeA u ;qDra p
L=khxreuq;ksDrqe]~ fo'ks"krLriksousA rr~ dks¿=kkH;qik;%\
24 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

fonw"kd% & (tukfUrde~) vga iqu% i`PNkfeA (izdk'ke~) ¯d uke/s;k ;qo;kstuZ uh\
yo% & rL;k% }s ukeuhA
fonw"kd% & dFkfeo\
yo% & riksouokfluks nsohfr ukEukà;fUr] Hkxoku~ okYehfdoZ/fw jfrA
jke% & vfi p brLrkon~ o;L;!
eqgÙw kZek=ke~A
fonw"kd% & (mil`R;) vkKki;rq Hkoku~A
jke% & vfi oqQekj;ksju;ksjLekoaQ p loZFkk le:i% oqQVqEco`ÙkkUr%\
(usiF;s)
b;rh osyk l×tkrk jkek;.kxkuL; fu;ksx% fdeFk± u fo/h;rs\
mHkkS & jktu~! mikè;k;nwrks¿Leku~ Roj;frA
jke% & e;kfi lEekuuh; ,o eqfufu;ksx%A rFkkfg&
HkoUrkS xk;UrkS dfojfi iqjk.kks ozrfuf/j~
fxjka lUnHkks¿Z ;a izFkeeorh.kksZ olqerhe~A
dFkk ps;a 'yk?;k ljfl#gukHkL; fu;ra]
iqukfr Jksrkja je;fr p lks¿;a ifjdj%AA
o;L;! viwoks¿Z ;a ekuokuka ljLoR;orkj%] rnga lqâTtulk/kj.ka
Jksrfq ePNkfeA lfUu/h;Urka lHkkln%] iz"s ;rkeLenfUroaQ lkSfef=k%]
vgeI;sr;ksf'pjkluifj[ksna fogj.ka ÑRok viu;kfeA
(bfr fu"ØkUrk% los)Z
f'k'kqykyue~ 25

'kCnkFkkZ%

mRFkk; & mfRFkrks HkwRok & mBdj


vyÄ~fØ;rs & foHkw";rs & lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS
firkeg% & firq%firk & firk osQ firk
lgÏnhf/fr% & lw;Z% & lw;Z
d.Bk'ys"kL; & d.Bs vk'ys"kL; & xys yxkus dk
ifj"oT; & vkfyÄuõ a ÑRok & vkfyÄuõ djosQ
fofpUR; & fopk;Z & fopkj djosQ
vufHkK% & vifjfpr% & ugha tkuus okyk@vutku
vè;kflrqe~ & mios"Vqe~ & cSBus osQ fy,
lO;o/kue~ & O;o/kusu lfgre~ & #dkoV lfgr
vè;kL;rke~ & mifo';rke~ & cSfB;s
vyefrnkf{k.;su & vyefrdkS'kysu & vR;f/d n{krk] vf/d oqQ'kyrk
ugha djsa
vÄïe~ & ØksMe~ & xksn esa
fgedj% & pUæ% & pUæek
i'kqifr% & f'ko% & f'ko
osQrd&NnRoe~ & osQrdL; NnRoe~ & osQrdh (osQoM+)s osQ iq"i ls cuk
eLrd dk 'ks[kj (twM+k)
vkRexre~ & Loxre~ & eu gh eu
lekukfHktukS & lekuoqQyksRiÂkS & ,d oqQy esa iSnk gksus okys
lao`ÙkkS & latkrkS & gks x;s
izfropue~ & mÙkje~ & mÙkj
lksn;ksZ & lgksnjkS & lgksnj@lxs HkkbZ
26 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

;eykS & ;qxykS & tqM+ok


'kjhjlfUuos'k% & vX jpukfoU;kl% & 'kjhj dh cukoV
mnkÙkjE;% & vR;Ur je.kh;% & vR;f/d euksgj
leqnkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj
miu;uksins'ksu & miu;uL; mins'ksu & miu;u dh nh{kk osQ dkj.k
(miu;u&laLdkjnh{k;k)
uke/s;e~ & uke & uke
fujuqØks'k% & funZ;% & n;k jfgr
o;L; & fe=k & fe=k
Hk.kfr & dFk;fr & dgrk gS
vEck & tuuh & ekrk
mr & vFkok & vFkok
izÑfrLFkk & lkekU; eufLFkfr & LokHkkfod :i ls
vf/f{kifr & vf/{ksia djksfr & iQVdkjrh gS
pkiye~ & piyrke~ & papyrk
voekfurk & frjLÑrk & viekfur
nkjdkS & iq=kkS & iq=k
fuHkZRlZ;fr & rtZ;fr & /edkrh gS
fu%'oL; & nh?k± 'okla x`ghRok & nh?kZ 'okl ysdj
LokiR;e~ & LolUrfre~ & viuh lUrku dh

vUo; & xq.kegrke~ vfi o;ks¿uqjks/kr~ f'k'kqtu% ykyuh;% ,o HkofrA ckyHkkokr~ fg


fgedj% vfi i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~ oztfrA
Hkko & vR;f/d xq.kh yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh NksVh mez osQ dkj.k ckyd ykyuh; gh
gksrk gSA pUæek ckyHkko osQ dkj.k gh 'kVj osQ eLrd dk vkHkw"k.k cudj
osQrdh iq"iksa ls fufeZr pwM+k dh Hkk¡fr 'kksfHkr gksrk gSA
f'k'kqykyue~ 27

vUo; & HkoUrkS xk;UrkS] iqjk.k% ozrfuf/% dfo% vfi] olqerhe~ izFkea vorh.kZ% fxjke~
v;a lUnHkZ%] ljfl#gukHkL; p b;a 'yk?;k dFkk] l% p v;a ifjdj% fu;ra
Jksrkja iqukfr je;fr pA
Hkko & Hkxoku~ okYehfd }kjk fuc¼ iqjk.kiq#"k dh dFkk] oqQ'k yo }kjk Jh jke dks
lquk;h tkuh Fkh] mlh dh lwpuk nsrs gq, usiF; ls oqQ'k vkSj yo dks fcuk
le; u"V fd;s vius drZO; dk ikyu djus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA nksuksa
jke ls vkKk ysdj tkuk pkgrs gSa rc Jh jke mi;qZDr 'yksd osQ ekè;e ls
ml jpuk dk lEeku djrs gSaA
vki nksuksa (oqQ'k vkSj yo) bl dFkk dk xku djus okys gSa] riksfuf/ iqjk.k eqfu
(okYehfd) bl jpuk osQ dfo gSa] /jrh ij izFke ckj vorfjr gksus okyk LiqQV ok.kh dk ;g
dkO; gS vkSj bldh dFkk deyukfHk fo".kq ls lEc¼ gS bl izdkj fu'p; gh ;g la;ksx
Jksrkvksa dks ifo=k vkSj vkufUnr djus okyk gSA

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) jkek; oqQ'kyo;ks% d.Bk'ys"kL; Li'kZ% dhn`'k% vklhr~\
([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS oqQ=k mios'kf;rqe~ dFk;fr\
(x) ckyHkkokr~ fgedj% oqQ=k fojktrs\
(?k) dq'kyo;ks% oa'kL; dÙkkZ d%\
(Ä) osQu lEcU/su okYehfd% oqQ'kyo;ks% xq#% vklhr~\
(p) oqQ'kyo;ks% ekrja okYehfd% osQu ukEuk vkà;fr\

2- js[kkfÄïrs"kq ins"kq foHkfDrdkj.ka fufnZ'kr&


(d) jktu~! vye~ vfrnkf{k.;suA
([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS vkluk/Ze~ mios'k;frA
(x) f/Ä~ eke~ ,oaHkwre~A
(?k) vVO;ofgre~ vè;kL;rka ¯lgklue~A
(Ä) vye~ vfrfoLrjs.kA
28 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

3- e×tw"kkr% i;kZ;};a fpRok inkuka le{ka fy[kr&


f'ko% f'k"Vkpkj% 'kf'k% pUæ'ks[kj% lqr% bnkuhe~
vèkquk iq=k% lw;Z% lnkpkj% fu'kkdj% Hkkuq%

(d) fgedj% & --------------- ---------------


([k) lEizfr & --------------- ---------------
(x) leqnkpkj% & --------------- ---------------
(?k) i'kqifr% & --------------- ---------------
(Ä) ru;% & --------------- ---------------
(p) lglznhf/fr% & --------------- ---------------

4- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;qDr&izѯr&izR;;×p fy[kr&


;Fkk& vklue~ & vkl~ $ Y;qV~ izR;;%
inkfu izÑfr% izR;;%
(d) ;qDre~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
([k) Hkktue~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
(x) 'kkyhurk & ---------------- $ ----------------
(?k) ykyuh;% & ---------------- $ ----------------
(Ä) NnRoe~ & ---------------- $ ----------------
(p) lfUufgr% & ---------------- $ ----------------
(N) lEekuuh;k & ---------------- $ ----------------

5- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";inkfu ;kst;r&
;Fkk& fo'ks"k.k inkfu fo'ks"; inkfu
'yk?;k & dFkk
(1) mnkÙkjE;% (d) leqnkpkj%
(2) vfrnh?kZ% ([k) Li'kZ%
f'k'kqykyue~ 29

(3) le:i% (x) dq'kyo;ks%


(4) ân;xzkgh (?k) izokl%
(5) oqQekj;ks% (Ä) dqVqEco`ÙkkUr%

6- (d) v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a oqQ#r


(d) };ks% $ vfi & --------------------------------
([k) }kS $ vfi & --------------------------------
(x) d% $ v=k & --------------------------------
(?k) vufHkK% $ vge~ & --------------------------------
(Ä) bfr $ vkRekue~ & --------------------------------
([k) v/ksfyf[krins"kq foPNsna oqQ#r
(d) vgeI;sr;ks% & --------------------------------
([k) o;ks¿uqjks/kr~ & --------------------------------
(x) lekukfHktukS & --------------------------------
(?k) [kYosrr~ & --------------------------------

7- vèkksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr&


d% de~
(d) lO;o/kua u pkfj=;yksik;A --------------------- ---------------------
([k) ¯d oqQfirk ,oa Hk.kfr] mr izÑfrLFkk\ --------------------- ---------------------
(x) tkukE;ga rL; uke/s;e~A --------------------- ---------------------
(?k) rL;k }s ukEuhA --------------------- ---------------------

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ukV~;&izlÄ%õ
oqQUnekyk osQ ys[kd fnÄ~ukx us izLrqr ukVd esa jkedFkk osQ d#.k volkn Hkjs mÙkjk/ZZ dh
ukVdh; lEHkkoukvksa dks ekSfydrk ls lkdkj fd;k gSA blh dFkkud ij izfl¼ ukVddkj
30 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

HkoHkwfr dk mÙkjjkepfjr Hkh vkfJr gSA oqQUnekyk osQ Ngksa vVksa dk n`';fo/ku okYehfd&riksou
osQ ifjlj esa gh osQfUær gSA izLrqr ukVdka'k i×pe vV ls lEikfnr dj lVfyr fd;k x;k
gSA yo vkSj dq'k ls feyus ij jke osQ ân; esa muls vk¯yxu dh ykylk gksrh gSA muosQ
Li'kZlq[k ls vfHkHkwr gks jke] mUgsa vius ¯lgklu ij] viuh xksn esa fcBkdj ykM+ djrs gSaA
blh Hkko dh iqf"V esa ukVd esa ;g 'yksd m¼`r gS&
Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ks¿uqjks/kn~
xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,o A
oztfr fgedjks¿fi ckyHkkokr~
i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~ AA
f'k'kqLusgleHkko'yksdk%&
vusu dL;kfi oqQykÄ~oQq js.k
Li`"VL; xk=ks"kq lq[ka eeSoe~ A
dka fuoZ`¯r psrfl rL; oqQ;kZn~
;L;k;eÄ~dkr~ Ñfru% iz:<% AA (dkfynklL;)
vUr%dj.krÙoL; nEiR;ks% LusglaJ;kr~ A
vkuUnxzfUFkjsdks¿;eiR;fefr iB~;rs AA (HkoHkwrs%)
/wyh/wljruo%
ØhMkjkT;s LoosQ p jeek.kk% A
Ñreq[kok|fodkjk%
ØhMfUr lqfuHkZja ckyk% AA (dL;fpr~)
vfu;r#fnr fLer fojktr~
dfri;dkseynUroqQM~eykxze~ A
onudeyoaQ f'k'kks% Lejkfe
L[kynle×tle×tqtfYira rs AA
prqFkZ% ikB%

O;k;ke% loZnk iF;%


izLrqr ikB vk;qonZs osQ izfl¼ xzUFk ^lqJrq lafgrk* osQ fpfdRlk LFkku esa of.kZr 24osa
vè;k; ls ladfyr gSA blesa vkpk;Z lqJrq us O;k;ke dh ifjHkk"kk crkrs gq, mlls gksus
okys ykHkksa dh ppkZ dh gSA 'kjhj esa lqxBu] dkfUr] LiwQfrZ] lfg".kqrk] uhjksxrk vkfn
O;k;ke osQ ize[q k ykHk gSAa
'kjhjk;kltuua deZ O;k;kelafKre~ A
rRÑRok rq lq[ka nsga foe`nu~ h;kr~ leUrr% AA1AA

'kjhjksip;% dkfUrxkZ=kk.kka lqfoHkDrrk A


nhIrkfXuRoeukyL;a fLFkjRoa yk?koa e`tk AA2AA
JeDyefiiklks".k&'khrknhuka lfg".kqrk A
vkjksX;a pkfi ijea O;k;keknqitk;rs AA3AA
u pkfLr ln`'ka rsu fdf×pRLFkkSY;kid"kZ.ke~ A
u p O;k;kfeua eR;ZenZ;UR;j;ks cykr~ AA4AA
32 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

u pSua lglkØE; tjk lef/jksgfr A


fLFkjhHkofr ekala p O;k;kekfHkjrL; p AA5AA
O;k;kefLoUuxk=kL; in~H;keqno ~ frZrL; p A
O;k/;ks uksiliZfUr oSurs;feoksjxk%
o;ks:ixq.kSghZuefi oqQ;kZRlqn'kZue~ AA6AA
O;k;kea oqQoZrks fuR;a fo#¼efi Hkkstue~ A
fonX/efonX/a ok funksZ"ka ifjiP;rs AA7AA
O;k;keks fg lnk iF;ks cfyuka fLuX/Hkksftuke~ A
l p 'khrs olUrs p rs"kka iF;re% LEk`r% AA 8AA
losZ"o`rq"ogjg% iqfEHkjkRefgrSf"kfHk% A
cyL;k/sZu dÙkZO;ks O;k;keks gUR;rks¿U;Fkk AA9AA
âfnLFkkukfLFkrks ok;q;Znk oD=ka izi|rs A
O;k;kea oqQoZrks tUrksLrn~cyk/ZL; y{k.ke~ AA10AA
o;kscy'kjhjkf.k ns'kdkyk'kukfu p A
leh{; oqQ;kZn~ O;k;keeU;Fkk jksxekIuq;kr~ AA11AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
vk;kl% & iz;Ru%] iz;kl%] Je% & ifjJe
foe`n~uh;kr~ & enZ;sr~ & ekfy'k djuh pkfg,
leUrr% & loZr% & iwjh rjg ls
mip;% & vfHko`f¼% & o`f¼
O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 33

dkfUr% & vkHkk & ped


xk=ke~ & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj
lqfoHkDrrk & 'kkjhfjda lkS"Boe~ & 'kkjhfjd lkSUn;Z
nhIrkfXuRoe~ & tBjkXus% izo/Zue~ & tBjkfXu dk iznhIr gksuk
vFkkZr~ Hkw[k yxuk
e`tk & LoPNhdj.ke~ & LoPN djuk
Dye% & JetfuRka 'kSfFkY;e~ & Fkdku
fiiklk & ikrqe~ bPNk & I;kl
m".k% & rki% & xehZ
LFkkSY;e~ & vfrekalyRoa] ihurk & eksVkik
vid"kZ.ke~ & nwjhdj.ke~ & nwj djuk] de djuk
vnZ;fUr & vnZua oqQoZfUr & oqQpy Mkyrs gSa
vj;% & 'k=ko% & 'k=kqx.k
vkØE; & vkØe.ka ÑRok & geyk djosQ
tjk & ok/ZD;e~ & cq<+kik
vfHkjrL; & layXuL; & rYyhu gksus okys dk
fLoUuxk=kL; & Losnsu flDrL; 'kjhjL; & ilhus ls yFkiFk 'kjhj dk
in~H;ke~ mn~ofrZrL; & in~H;ke~ mUuferL; & nksuksa iSjksa ls Åij mBus
okys O;k;ke
oSurs;% & x#M% & x#M+
mjx% & liZ% & lk¡i
fonX/e~ & lqiDoe~ & Hkyh izdkj iosQ gq,
ifjiP;rs & th;Zrs & ip tkrk gS
vgu~ & fnol% & fnu
iF;a & vuqowQye~ & mfpr
vgjg% & izfrfnue~ & gj jkst
iqfEHk% & iq#"kS% & iq#"kksa osQ }kjk
v'kukfu & vkgkjk%@Hkkstukfu & Hkkstu
34 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ
(d) dhn`'ka deZ O;k;kelafKre~ dF;rs\
([k) O;k;kekr~ ¯d fdeqitk;rs\
(x) tjk dL; ldk'ka lglk u lef/jksgfr\
(?k) fd;rk cysu O;k;ke% drZO;%\
(Ä) v/ZcyL; y{k.ke~ fde~\

2- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq r`rh;kfoHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


;Fkk & O;k;ke% -------- ghuefi lqn'kZua djksfr (xq.k)
O;k;ke% xq.kS% ghuefi lqn'kZua djksfrA
(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dÙkZO;%A (cyL;k/Z)
([k) -------------------- ln`'ka fdf×pr~ LFkkSY;kid"kZ.ka ukfLrA (O;k;ke)
(x) -------------------- fouk thoua ukfLrA (fo|k)
(?k) l% -------------------- [k×t% vfLrA (pj.k)
(Ä) lwidkj% -------------------- Hkkstua ft?kzfrA (ukfldk)

3- LFkwyinek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ


(d) 'kjhjL; vk;kltuua deZ O;k;ke% bfr dF;rsA
([k) vj;% O;k;kfeua u vnZ;fUrA
(x) vkRefgrSf"kfHk% loZnk O;k;ke% drZO;%A
(?k) O;k;kea dqoZr% fo#¼a Hkkstue~ vfi ifjiP;rsA
(Ä) xk=kk.kka lqfoHkDrrk O;k;kesu laHkofrA
O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 35

4- fuEufyf[krkuke~ vO;;kuke~ fjDrLFkkus"kq iz;ksxa oqQ#rμ


lglk] vfi] ln`'ka] loZnk] ;nk] lnk] vU;Fkk
(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dÙkZO;%A
([k) -------------------- euq";% lE;o~Q:is.k O;k;kea djksfr rnk l% -------------------- LoLFk%
fr"BfrA
(x) O;k;kesu vlqUnjk% -------------------- lqUnjk% HkofUrA
(?k) O;k;kfeu% tuL; ldk'ka ok/ZD;a -------------------- uk;kfrA
(Ä) O;k;kesu -------------------- fdf×pr~ LFkkSY;kid"kZ.ka ukfLrA
(p) O;k;kea leh{; ,o drZO;e~ -------------------- O;k/;% vk;kfUrA

5- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kq rf¼rins"kq izѯr@izR;;a p i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ


ewy'kCn% (izÑfr%) izR;;%
(d) iF;re% ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
([k) lfg".kqrk ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(x) vfXuRoe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(?k) fLFkjRoe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------
(Ä) yk?koe~ ¾ -------------------- $ --------------------

([k) v/ksfyf[krÑnUrins"kq ewy/krqa izR;;a p i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ


ewy'kCn% $ izR;;%
(d) drZO;% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
([k) Hkkstue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
(x) vkfLFkr% vk $ -------------------- $ -------------------------------
(?k) Le`r% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
(Ä) leh{; le~ ------------------------ $ -------------------------------
(p) vkØE; vk $---------------------- $ -------------------------------
(N) tuue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------
36 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

6- v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~ i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[krμ


;Fkk& lqn'kZue~ & lq $ n'kZue~
(d) mitk;rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
([k) vid"kZ.ke~ ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(x) vf/jksgfr ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(?k) izi|rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------
(Ä) lqfoHkDrrk ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

7- (d) "k"B 'yksdL; HkkoekfJR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


;Fkk& ------------------ lehis mjxk% u ------------------ ,oeso O;k;kfeu% tuL; lehia
------------------ u xPNfUrA O;k;ke% o;ks:ixq.kghue~ vfi tue~ ------------------ djksfrA

([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; okP;ifjorZua oqQ#r&


deZokP;e~ dr`ZokP;e~
;Fkk&vkRefgrSf"kfHk% O;k;ke% fØ;rs vkRefgrSf"k.k% O;k;kea oqQoZfUrA
(1) cyork fo#¼efi Hkkstua iP;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(2) tuS% O;k;kesu dkfUr% yH;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(3) eksgusu ikB% iB~;rs ------------------------------------------------------
(4) yr;k xhra xh;rs ------------------------------------------------------

(x) ^O;k;keL; ykHkk%* bfr fo"k;ef/ÑR; i×pokD;s"kq ,de~ vuqPNsna fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) lqJqr% vk;qonsZ L;] ^lqJqrlafgrk* bR;k[;L; xzUFkL; jpf;rkA vfLeu~ xzUFks 'kY;fpfdRlk;k%
izk/kU;efLrA lqJqr% 'kY;'kkL=kKL; fnoksnklL; f'k";% vklhr~A fnoksnkl% lqJqra okjk.kL;ke~
vk;qosZne~ vikB;r~A lqJqr% fnoksnklL; mins'kku~ LoxzUFks¿fy[kr~A
([k) miyC/klq vk;qosZnh;&lafgrklq ^lqJqrlafgrk* loZJs"B% 'kY;fpfdRlkiz/kuks xzUFk%A vfLeu~
xzUFks 120 vè;k;s"kq Øes.k lw=kLFkkus ekSfydfl¼kUrkuka 'kY;deksiZ ;ksfx&;U=kknhuka] funkuLFkkus
O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 37

izeq[kk.kka jksxk.kka] 'kjhjLFkkus 'kjhj'kkL=kL; fpfdRlkLFkkus] 'kY;fpfdRlk;k% dYiLFkkus p


fo"kk.kka izdj.kkfu of.kZrkfuA vL; mÙkjrU=ks 66 vè;k;k% lfUrA
(x) oSurs;feoksjxk% μ d';i ½f"k dh nks ifRu;k¡ Fkhaμ dæq vkSj fourkA fourk dk iq=k
x#M+ Fkk vkSj dæq dk iq=k liZA fourk dk iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k x#M+ dks oSurs; dgk tkrk
gSA (fourk;k% v;e~ oSurs;%] v.k~ izR;;s Ñrs)A x#M+ liZ ls vf/d rkdroj gksrk gS]
Hk;o'k lk¡i x#M+ ds ikl tkus dk lkgl ugha djrkA ;gk¡ O;k;ke djus okys euq"; dh
rqyuk x#M+ ls rFkk O;kf/;ksa dh rqyuk lk¡i ls dh xbZ gSA ftl izdkj x#M+ osQ le{k
lk¡i ugha tkrkA mlh izdkj O;k;ke djus okys O;fDr osQ ikl jksx ugha iQVdrsA

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%

xq.kokpd 'kCnksa ls Hkko vFkZ esa ";×k~ vFkkZr~ ; izR;; yxkdj Hkkookph inksa dk fuekZ.k
fd;k tkrk gSA 'kCn osQ izFke Loj esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj vfUre v dk yksi gksrk gSA
(d) 'kwjL; Hkko% 'kkS;Ze~ & 'kwj $ ";×k~
([k) lqUnjL; Hkko% lkSUn;Ze~ & lqUnj $ ";×k~
(x) lq[kL; Hkko% lkS[;e~ & lq[k $ ";×k~
(?k) fonq"k% Hkko% oSnq";e~ & fo}l~ $ ";×k~
(Ä) e/qjL; Hkko% ek/q;Ze~ & e/qj $ ";×k~
(p) LFkwyL; Hkko% LFkkSY;e~ & LFkwy $ ";×k~
(N) vjksxL; Hkko% vkjksX;e~ & vjksx $ ";×k~
(t) lfgrL; Hkko% lkfgR;e~ & lfgr $ ";×k~~
Fkky~&izR;;%& ^izdkj* vFkZ esa Fkky~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
tSls& rsu izdkjs.k & rFkk
;su izdkjs.k & ;Fkk
vU;su izdkjs.k & vU;Fkk
loZ izdkjs.k & loZFkk
mHk; izdkjs.k & mHk;Fkk
38 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

HkkofoLrkj%
(d) 'kjhjek|a [kyq /eZlk/ue~
([k) yk?koa deZlkeF;± LFkS;± Dys'klfg".kqrkA
nks"k{k;ks¿fXuo`f¼'p O;k;keknqitk;rsAA
(x) ;Fkk 'kjhjL; j{kk;S mfpra Hkkstue~] mfpr'p O;ogkj% vko';dks¿fLr rFkSo 'kjhjL;
LokLF;k; O;k;ke% vfi vko';d%A
(?k) ;qDrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps"VL; deZlqA
;qDrLoIukocks/L; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgkAA
(Ä) if{k.k% vkdk'ks mah;Urs rs"kke~ mM~M;ueso rs"kka O;k;ke%A i'koks¿fi brLrr% iyk;Urs]
iyk;ueso rs"kka O;k;ke%A 'kS'kos f'k'kq% LogLriknkS pky;fr] v;eso rL; O;k;ke%A
fo$vk$;e~ /krks% ?k×k~ izR;;kr~ fu"iUu% O;k;ke 'kCn% foLrkjL; fodklL; p
okpd%A ;rks fg O;k;kesu vXkuka fodkl% HkofrA vr% lq[kiwoZoaQ thoua ;kif;rqa
euq";S% fuR;a O;k;ke% dj.kh;%A
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 39

i×pe% ikB%

cqf¼cZyorh lnk
izLrqr ikB 'kqdlIrfr% uked izfl¼ dFkkxzUFk ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA blesa
vius nks NksV&s NksVs iq=kksa osQ lkFk taxy osQ jkLrs ls firk osQ ?kj tk jgh cqf¼erh
uked ukjh osQ cqf¼dkS'ky dks fn[kk;k x;k gS tks lkeus vk, gq, 'ksj dks Mjk dj
Hkxk nsrh gSA bl dFkkxzUFk esa uhfrfuiq.k 'kqd vkSj lkfjdk dh dgkfu;ksa osQ }kjk
vizR;{k :i ls ln~of` Ùk dk fodkl djk;k x;k gSA
vfLr nsmyk[;ks xzke%A r=k jkt¯lg% uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA ,dnk osQukfi
vko';ddk;s.Z k rL; Hkk;kZ cqf¼erh iq=k};ksirs k firqxgZ` a izfr pfyrkA ekxsZ
xgudkuus lk ,oaQ O;k?kza nn'kZA lk O;k?kzekxPNUra n`"V~ok /k"V~;kZr~ iq=kkS pisV;k
izâR; txknμ¶dFkesoQS d'kks O;k?kzHk{k.kk; dyga oqQ#Fk%\ v;esdLrkof}HkT;
HkqT;rke~A i'pkn~ vU;ks f}rh;% df'pYy{;rsA¸

bfr JqRok O;k?kzekjh dkfpfn;fefr eRok O;k?kzks Hk;koqQyfpÙkks u"V%A


40 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

futcqnè~ ;k foeqDrk lk Hk;kn~ O;k?kzL; HkkfeuhA


vU;ks¿fi cqf¼ek¡YyksoQs eqP;rs egrks Hk;kr~AA
Hk;koqQya O;k?kza n`"V~ok df'pr~ /wr%Z Ük`xky% glÂkgμ ¶Hkoku~ oqQr% Hk;kr~
iykf;r%\¸
O;k?kz%& xPN] xPN tEcqd! Roefi fdf×pn~ xw<izn's ke~A ;rks O;k?kzekjhfr ;k
'kkL=ks Jw;rs r;kga gUrqekjC/% ija x`ghrdjthforks u"V% 'kh?kza rnxzr%A
Ük`xky%& O;k?kz! Ro;k egRdkSrd q e~ vkosfnra ;Uekuq"kknfi fcHksf"k\
O;k?kz%& izR;{keso e;k lkReiq=kkosoQS d'kks ekeÙkqa dygk;ekukS pisV;k izgjUrh
n`"VkA
tEcqd%& Lokfeu~! ;=kkLrs lk /wrkZ r=k xE;rke~A O;k?kz! ro iqu% r=k xrL;
lk lEeq[keih{krs ;fn] rfgZ Ro;k vga gUrO;% bfrA
O;k?kz%& Ük`xky! ;fn Roa eka eqDRok ;kfl rnk osykI;osyk L;kr~A
tEcqd%& ;fn ,oa rfgZ eka futxys cn~èok py lRoje~A l O;k?kz% rFkkÑRok
dkuua ;;kSA Ük`xkysu lfgra iqujk;kUra O;k?kza nwjkr~ n`"V~ok cqf¼erh

fpfUrrorh&tEcqdÑrksRlkgkn~ O;k?kzkr~ dFka eqP;rke~\ ija


izR;qRiÂefr% lk tEcqdekf{kiUR;Äq Yõ ;k rtZ;UR;qokpμ
js js /wrZ Ro;k nÙka eáa O;k?kz=k;a iqjkA
fo'okL;k|Sdekuh; dFka ;kfl onk/qukAA
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 41

bR;qDRok /kfork rw.k± O;k?kzekjh Hk;ÄïjkA


O;k?kzk¿s fi lglk u"V% xyc¼Ük`xkyd%AA
,oa izdkjs.k cqf¼erh O;k?kztkn~ Hk;kr~ iqujfi eqDrk¿Hkor~A vr ,o
mP;rs&
cqf¼cZyorh rfUo loZdk;s"Z kq loZnkAA

'kCnkFkkZ%
Hkk;kZ & iRuh & iRuh
iq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su lfgrk & nksuksa iq=kksa osQ lkFk
misrk & ;qDrk & ;qDr
dkuus & ous & taxy esa
nn'kZ & vi';r~ & ns[kk
/k"V~;kZr~ & /`"VHkkokr~ & f<BkbZ ls
pisV;k & djizgkjs.k & FkIiM+ ls
izâR; & pisfVdka nRok & FkIIkM+ ekjdj
txkn & mDrorh & dgk
dyge~ & fookne~ & >xM+k
foHkT; & foHkDra ÑRok & vyx&vyx djosQ
(ck¡Vdj)
y{;rs & vfUo";rs & ns[kk tk,xk] <w¡<+k
tk,xk
O;k?kzekjh & O;k?kza ekj;fr (gfUr) & ck?k dks ekjus okyh
bfr
u"V% & e`r%] iykf;r% & Hkkx x;k
Hkkfeuh & Hkkfeuh] :iorh L=kh & :iorh L=kh
42 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

tEcqd% & Ük`xky% & fl;kj


xw<+izns'ke~ & xqIrizns'ke~ & xqIr izns'k esa
x`ghrdjthfor% & gLrs izk.kkÂhRok & gFksyh ij izk.k ysdj
vkosfnre~ & foKkfire~ & crk;k
izR;{ke~ & le{ke~ & lkeus
lkReiq=kkS & lk vkReu% iq=kkS & og vius nksuksa iq=kksa dks
,oSQd'k% & ,de~ ,oaQ ÑRok & ,d ,d djosQ
vRrqe~ & Hk{kf;rqe~ & [kkus osQ fy,
dygk;ekukS & dyga oqQoZUrkS & >xM+k djrs gq, (nks)
dks
izgjUrh & izgkja oqQoZUrh & ekjrh gqbZ
bZZ{krsrs & i';fr & ns[krh gS
osyk & le;% & 'krZ
vkf{kiUrh & vk{ksia oqQoZUrh & vk{ksi djrh gqbZ]
f>M+drh gqbZ]
HkRlZuk djrh gqbZ
rtZ;Urh & rtZua oqQoZUrh & /edkrh gqb]Z Mk¡Vrh gqbZ
fo'okL; & lek'oL; & fo'okl fnykdj
rw.kZe~ & 'kh?kze~ & tYnh] 'kh?kz
Hk;Äïjk & Hk;a djksfr bfr & Hk;ksRikfndk
xyc¼&Ük`xkyd% & xys c¼ Ük`xky% & xys esa ca/s gq, Ük`xky
;L; l% okyk

vfUreL; 'yksdL; vUo;%&


js js /wrZ! Ro;k eáa iqjk O;k?kz=k;a nÙke~A fo'okL; (vfi) v| ,oQe~ vkuh; dFka ;kfl bfr
v/quk onA bfr mDRok Hk;Vjk O;k?kzekjh rw.k± /kforkA xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% O;k?kz% vfi lglk
u"V%A gs rfUo! loZnk loZdk;sZ"kq cqf¼cZyorhA
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 43

vH;kl%

1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ


(d) cqf¼erh osQu misrk fir`xZ̀ga izfr pfyrk\
([k) O;k?kz% ¯d fopk;Z iykf;r%\
(x) yksosQ egrks Hk;kr~ d% eqP;rs\
(?k) tEcqd% ¯d onu~ O;k?kzL; migkla djksfr\
(Ä) cqf¼erh Ük`xkya fde~ mDrorh\

2- LFkwyinekèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ


(d) r=k jkt¯lgks uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA
([k) cqf¼erh pisV;k iq=kkS izârorhA
(x) O;k?kza n`"V~ok /wrZ% Ük`xky% vonr~A
(?k) Roe~ ekuq"kkr~ foHksf"kA
(Ä) iqjk Ro;k eáa O;k?kz=k;a nÙke~A

3- mnkgj.keuql`R; drZfj izFkek foHkDrs% fØ;k;k×p ^Drorq* izR;;L; iz;ksxa ÑRok


okP;ifjorZua oqQ#rμ
;Fkk&r;k vga gUrqe~ vkjC/% & lk eka gUrqe~ vkjCèkorhA
(d) e;k iqLroaQ ifBre~A & -------------------------------------------
([k) jkes.k Hkkstua Ñre~A & -------------------------------------------
(x) lhr;k ys[k% fyf[kr%A & -------------------------------------------
(p) v'osu r`.ka HkqDre~A & -------------------------------------------
(Ä) Ro;k fp=ka n`"Ve~A & -------------------------------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØes.k la;kst;rμ


(d) O;k?kz% O;k?kzekjh b;fefr eRok iykf;r%A
([k) izR;qRiÂefr% lk Ük`xkya vkf{kiUrh mokpA
44 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) tEcqdÑrksRlkg% O;k?kz% iqu% dkuue~ vkxPNr~A


(?k) ekxsZ lk ,oaQ O;k?kza vi';r~A
(Ä) O;k?kza n`"V~ok lk iq=kkS rkM;Urh mokp&v/quk ,deso O;k?kza foHkT; HkqT;rA
(p) cqf¼erh iq=k};su misrk firqxgZ̀ a izfr pfyrkA
(N) ^Roa O;k?kz=k;a vkuf;rqa* izfrKk; ,deso vkuhroku~A
(t) xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% O;k?kz% iqu% iykf;r%A

5- l¯U/@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#rμ
(d) firqxgZ̀ e~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
([k) ,oSQd% & ------------------ $ ------------------
(x) ------------------ & vU;% $ vfi
(?k) ------------------ & bfr $ mDRok
(Ä) ------------------ & ;=k $ vkLrs

6- (d) vèkksfyf[krkuka inkuke~ vFkZ% dks"Bdkr~ fpRok fy[kr&


(d) nn'kZ & (nf'kZroku~] n`"Voku~)
([k) txkn & (vdFk;r~] vxPNr~)
(x) ;;kS & (;kfproku~] xroku~)
(?k) vÙkqe~ & ([kkfnrqe~] vkfo"oQrqZe~)
(Ä) eqP;rs & (eqDrks Hkofr] eXuks Hkofr)
(p) bZ{krs & (i';fr] bPNfr)

([k) ikBkr~ fpRok i;kZ;ina fy[krμ


(d) oue~ & -----------------
([k) Ük`xky% & -----------------
(x) 'kh?kze~ & -----------------
(?k) iRuh & -----------------
(Ä) xPNfl & -----------------
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 45

7- izÑfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#rμ
(d) pfyr% & -----------------
([k) u"V% & -----------------
(x) vkosfnr% & -----------------
(?k) n`"V% & -----------------
(Ä) xr% & -----------------
(p) gr% & -----------------
(N) ifBr% & -----------------
(t) yC/% & -----------------

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
cqf¼eR;k% LFkkus vkRekua ifjdYI; rn~Hkkouka LoHkk"k;k fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
nn'kZ&n`'k~ /krq] fyV~ ydkj] izFke iq#"k] ,dopu
foHksf"k ^Hkh* /krq] yV~ ydkj] eè;e iq#"k] ,dopuA
izgjUrh & iz $ â /krq] 'kr` izR;;] L=khfyÄAõ
xE;rke~ & xe~ /krq] deZokP;] yksV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA
;;kS & ^;k* /krq] fyV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA
;kfl & xPNflA

lekl
xyc¼ Ük`xkyd% & xys c¼% Ük`xky% ;L; l%A
izR;qRiÂefr% & izR;qRiUuk efr% ;L; l%A
TkEcqdo`QrksRlkgkr~ & tEcqosQu Ñr% mRlkg% & tEcqdÑrksRlkg% rLekr~A
iq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su misrkA
Hk;koqQyfpÙk% & Hk;su vkoqQy% fpÙke~ ;L; l%A
46 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

O;k?kzekjh & O;k?kza ekj;fr bfrA


x`ghrdjthfor% & x`ghra djs thfora ;su l%A
Hk;Vjk & Hk;a djksfr ;k bfrA
xzUFk&ifjp; μ 'kqdlIrfr% osQ ys[kd vkSj dky osQ fo"k; esa ;|fi HkzkfUr cuh gqbZ gS]
rFkkfi bldk dky 1000 bZ- ls 1400 bZ- osQ eè; ekuk tkrk gSA gsepUnz us (1088&1172)
esa 'kqdlIrfr% dk mYys[k fd;k gSA pkSngoha 'krkCnh esa IkQkjlh Hkk"kk esa ^rwfrukeg* uke ls
vuwfnr gqvk FkkA
'kqdlIrfr% dk <k¡pk vR;Ur ljy vkSj euksjatd gSA gfjnÙk uked lsB dk enufouksn
uked ,d iq=k FkkA og fo"k;klDr vkSj oqQekxZxkeh FkkA lsB dks nq%[kh ns[kdj mlosQ fe=k
f=kfoØe uked czkã.k us vius ?kj ls uhfrfuiq.k 'kqd vkSj lkfjdk ysdj mlosQ ?kj tkdj
dgk&bl liRuhd 'kqd dk rqe iq=k dh Hkk¡fr ikyu djksA bldk laj{k.k djus ls rqEgkjk nq[k
nwj gksxkA gfjnÙk us enufouksn dks og rksrk ns fn;kA rksrs dh dgkfu;ksa us enufouksn dk ân;
ifjorZu dj fn;k vkSj og vius O;olk; esa yx x;kA
O;kikj izlax esa tc og ns'kkUrj x;k rc 'kqd us viuh euksjatd dgkfu;ksa ls mldh
iRuh dk rc rd fouksn djrk jgk tc rd mldk ifr okil ugha vk x;kA la{ksi esa
'kqdlIrfr% vR;f/d euksjatd dFkkvksa dk laxgz gSA

gu~ (ekjuk) /krks% :ie~A


yV~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% gfUr gr% ?ufUr
eè;eiq#"k% gfUl gFk% gFk
mÙkeiq#"k% gfUe gUo% gUe%

y`V~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% gfu";fr gfu";r% gfu";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% gfu";fl gfu";Fk% gfu";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% gfu";kfe gfu";ko% gfu";ke%
cqf¼cZyorh lnk 47

yÄ~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% vgu~ vgrke~ vgr
eè;eiq#"k% vg% vgre~ vgr
mÙkeiq#"k% vgue~ vgUo vgUe

yksV~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% gUrq grke~ ?uUrq
eè;eiq#"k% tfg gre~ gr
mÙkeiq#"k% gukfu guko guke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% gU;kr~ gU;krke~ gU;q%
eè;eiq#"k% gU;k% gU;kre~ gU;kr
mÙkeiq#"k% gU;ke~ gU;ko gU;ke
48 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

"k"B% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu
laLÑr Ñfr;ksa osQ ftu i|ksa ;k i|ka'kksa esa lkoZHkkSe lR; dks cM+s ekfeZd <ax ls izLrqr
fd;k x;k gSA mu i|ksa dks lqHkkf"kr dgrs gSaA izLrqr ikB ,sls 10 lqHkkf"krksa dk laxzg
gS tks laLÑr osQ fofHkUu xzaFkksa ls ladfyr gSaA buesa ifjJe dk egÙo] Øksèk dk
nq"izHkko] lHkh oLrqvksa dh mikns;rk vkSj cqf¼ dh fo'ks"krk vkfn fo"k;ksa ij izdk'k
Mkyk x;k gSA

vkyL;a fg euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFkks egku~ fjiq% A


ukLR;q|eleks cUèkq% ÑRok ;a ukolhnfr AA1AA

xq.kh xq.ka osfÙk u osfÙk fuxqZ.kks]


cyh cya osfÙk u osfÙk fucZy% A
fidks olUrL; xq.ka u ok;l%]
djh p flagL; cya u ew"kd% AA2AA

fufeÙkeqfí'; fg ;% izoqQI;fr]
èkzqoa l rL;kixes izlhnfr A
vdkj.k}sf"k euLrq ;L; oS]
dFka tuLra ifjrks"kf;";fr AA3AA
lqHkkf"krkfu 49

mnhfjrks¿FkZ% i'kqukfi x`árs]


g;k'p ukxk'p ogfUr cksfèkrk% A
vuqDreI;wgfr if.Mrkstu%]
ijsfÄõrKkuiQyk fg cq¼;% AA4AA

Øksèkks fg 'k=kq% izFkeks ujk.kka]


nsgfLFkrks nsgfouk'kuk; A
;FkkfLFkr% dk"Bxrks fg ofÉ%]
l ,o ofÉnZgrs 'kjhje~ AA5AA

e`xk e`xS% lÄ õeuqoztfUr]


xko'p xksfHk% rqjxkLrqjXS% A
ew[kkZ'p ew[kSZ% lqfèk;% lqèkhfHk%]
leku&'khy&O;lus"kq l[;e~ AA6AA

lsforO;ks egko`{k% iQyPNk;klefUor% A


;fn nSokr~ iQya ukfLr Nk;k osQu fuok;Zrs AA7AA

veU=ke{kja ukfLr] ukfLr ewyeukS"kèke~ A


v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr ;kstdLr=k nqyZHk% AA8AA

laiÙkkS p foiÙkkS p egrkesd:irk A


mn;s lfork jÙkQks jÙkQÜÓkLre;s rFkk AA9AA

fofp=ks [kyq lalkjs ukfLr fdf×pfÂjFkZde~ A


v'o'psn~ èkkous ohj% HkkjL; ogus [kj% AA10AA
50 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%
volhnfr & nq%[ke~ vuqHkofr & nq%[kh gksrk gS
osfÙk & tkukfr & tkurk gS
ok;l% & dkd% & dkSvk
djh & xt% & gkFkh
fufeÙk% & dkj.ke~ & dkj.k
izoqQI;fr & vfrdksia djksfr & vR;fèkd Øksèk djrk gS
èkqzoa & fuf'pre~ & fuf'pr :i ls
vixes & lekIrs & lekIr gksus ij
izlhnfr & izlUu% Hkofr & izlUu gksrk gS
vdkj.k}sf"keu% & vdkj.ka }s"ka djksfr bfr & vdkj.k gh }s"k djus okyk
vdkj.k}sf"k rn~on~eu% ;L; l% eu gS ftldk
ifjrks"kf;";fr & ifjrks"ka nkL;fr & lUrq"V djsxk
mnhfjr% & mDr% dfFkr% & dgk gqvk
x`árs & izkI;rs & izkIr fd;k tkrk gS
g;k% & v'ok% & ?kksM+s
ukxk% & gfLru% & gkFkh
Ågfr & fuèkkZj;fr & vanktk yxkrk gS
bfXrKkuiQyk% & bfÄõra Kkue~] & lVsrtU; Kku :ih iQy
bfÄõrKkueso iQya ;L;k% okys
lk] rk%
if.Mr% & fo}ku~] cqf¼eku~ & cqf¼eku~
ofÉ% & vfXu% & vkx
ngrs & Toky;fr & tykrk gS
vuqoztfUr & i'pkr~ xPNfUr & ihNs&ihNs tkrs gSa]
vuqlj.k djrs gSa
rqjxk% & v'ok% & ?kksMs+
lqHkkf"krkfu 51

lqfèk;% & fo}kal% & fo}ku~ euh"kh


O;lus"kq & LoHkkos & vknr] LoHkko esa
l[;e~ & eS=kh & fe=krk
lsforO;% & vkJf;rO;% & vkJ; ysuk pkfg,
nSokr~ & HkkX;kr~ & HkkX; ls
fuok;Zrs & fuokj.ka fØ;rs & jksdk tkrk gS
veU=ke~ & u eU=ka] veU=ke{kja bfr & eU=kghu
eU=k & euu;ksX;e~ & euu ;ksX;@lkFkZd@lkjoku~
ewye~ & v/%Hkkxe~ & tM+
vkS"kèke~ & vkS"kfèk$v.k~ & nok] tM+h&cwVh
(ouLifr fufeZre~)
;kstd% & (;qt~ $.oqy~) & tksM+us okyk
lfork & lw;Z% & lw;Z
jDr% & & yky
[kj% & xnZHk% & xèkk

'yksdkuke~ vUo;%&
1- euq";k.kka 'kjhjLFk% egku~ 'k=kq% vkyL;e~A m|ele% cUèkq% u vfLr ;a ÑRok (euq";%) u
volhnfrA
2- xq.kh xq.ka osfÙk] fuxZq.k% (xq.ka) u osfÙk] cyh cya osfÙk] fucZy% (cya) u osfÙk] olUrL;
xq.ka fid% (osfÙk)] ok;l% u (osfÙk)] flagL; cya djh (osfÙk)] ew"kd% uA
3- ;% fufeÙke~ mfí'; izoqQI;fr l% rL; vixes èkzqoa izlhnfr ;L; eu% vdkj.k}sf"k (vfLr)
ra tu% dFka ifjrks"kf;";frA
4- i'kquk vfi mnhfjr% vFkZ% x`árs] g;k% ukxk% p cksfèkrk% (Hkkja) ogfUr] if.Mr% tu%
vuqDre~ vfi Ågfr cq¼;% ijsfXrKkuiQyk% HkofUrA
5- ujk.kka nsgfouk'kuk; izFke% 'k=kq% nsgfLFkr% Øksèk%A ;Fkk dk"Bxr% fLFkr% ofÉ% dk"Be~ ,o
ngrs (rFkSo 'kjhjLFk% Øksèk%) 'kjhja ngrs A
52 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

6- e`xk% e`xS% lg] xko'p xksfHk% lg] rqjxk% rqjXS% lg] ew[kkZ% ew[kSZ% lg] lqfèk;% lqèkhfHk% lg
vuqoztfUrA l[;e~ leku'khyO;lus"kq (Hkofr)A
7- iQyPNk;k lefUor% egko`{k% lsforO;%A nSokr~ ;fn iQya ukfLr (o`{kL;) Nk;k osQu
fuok;ZrsA
8- veU=ke~ v{kja ukfLr] vukS"kèke~ ewya ukfLr] v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr] r=k ;kstd% nqyZHk%A
9- egrke~ laiÙkkS foiÙkkS p ,d:irk HkofrA
;Fkk& lfork mn;s jDr% Hkofr] rFkk vLre;s p jDr% HkofrA
10- fofp=ks lalkjs [kyq fdf×pr~ fujFkZoaQ ukfLrA v'o% psr~ èkkous ohj%] (rfgZ) HkkjL; ogus
[kj% (ohj%) vfLrA
vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) osQu le% cUèkq% ukfLr\
([k) olUrL; xq.ka d% tkukfrA
(x) cq¼;% dhn`';% HkofUr\
(?k) ujk.kka izFke% 'k=kq% d%\
(Ä) lqqfèk;% l[;a osQu lg Hkofr\
(p) vLekfHk% dhn`'k% o`{k% lsforO;%\

2- v/ksfyf[krs vUo;};s fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#rμ


(d) ;% ------------------ mfí'; izoqQI;fr rL;k ------------------ l% èkzqoa izlhnfrA ;L; eu%
vdkj.k}sf"k vfLr] ra dFka ------------------ ifjrks"kf;";fr\
([k) ------------------ [kyq lalkjs ------------------ fujFkZde~ ukfLrA v'o% psr~ ------------------ ohj%]
[kj% ------------------ (ohj%) (Hkofr)

3- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseinkfu ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&


(d) izlhnfr ------------------
([k) ew[kZ% ------------------
(x) cyh ------------------
lqHkkf"krkfu 53

(?k) lqyHk% ------------------


(Ä) laiÙkkS ------------------
(p) vLrs ------------------
(N) lkFkZde~ ------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka okD;kuka Ñrs lekukFkZdku~ 'yksdka'kku~ ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&


(d) fo}ku~ l ,o Hkofr ;% vuqDre~ vfi rF;a tkukfrA
([k) euq";% leLoHkkoS% tuS% lg fe=krka djksfrA
(x) ifjJea oqQokZ.k% uj% dnkfi nq%[ka u izkIuksfrA
(?k) egkUr% tuk% loZnSo leizÑr;% HkofUrA

5- ;FkkfunsZ'ka ifjorZua fo/k; okD;kfu jp;r&


(d) xq.kh xq.ka tkukfrA (cgqopus)
([k) i'kq% mnhfjra vFk± x`ÊkfrA (deZokP;s)
(x) e`xk% e`xS% lg vuqoztfUrA (,dopus)
(?k) d% Nk;ka fuokj;frA (deZokP;s)

6- lfUèka@lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#r&
(d) u $ vfLr $ m|ele% & -------------
([k) ------- $ ------ & rL;kixes
(x) vuqDre~ $ vfi $ Ågfr & -------------
(?k) ------ $ ---------- & xko'p
(Ä) ------ $ ---------- & ukfLr
(p) jDr% $ p $ vLre;s & -------------
(N) ------- $ ----------- & ;kstdLr=k
7- laLÑrsu okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&
(d) ok;l% -------------------
([k) fufeÙke~ -------------------
54 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) lw;Z% -------------------


(?k) fid% -------------------
(Ä) ofÉ% -------------------

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~

(d) m|eL; egÙoa o.kZ;r% i×p'yksdku~ fy[krA


vFkok
dkfi dFkk ;k Hkof•% ifBrk L;kr~ ;L;ka m|eL; egÙoa of.kZre~ rka LoHkk"k;k
fy[krA

([k) fufeÙkeqfí'; ;% izoqQI;fr èkqzoa l rL;kixes izlhnfrA ;fn Hkork dnkfi bZn`'k%
vuqHko% Ñr% rfgZ LoHkk"k;k fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
1- rRiq#"k lekl
'kjhjLFk% & 'kjhjs fLFkr%
x`gLFk% & x`gs fLFkr%
euLLFk% & eufl fLFkr%
rVLFk% & rVs fLFkr%
owQiLFk% & owQis fLFkr%
o`{kLFk% & o`{ks fLFkr%
foekuLFk% & foekus fLFkr%
2- vO;;hHkko lekl
fuxqZ.ke~ & xq.kkuke~ vHkko%
fueZf{kde~ & ef{kdk.kke~ vHkko%
lqHkkf"krkfu 55

futZye~ & tyL; vHkko%


fujkgkje~ & vkgkjL; vHkko%

3- i;kZ;okfpinkfu&
'k=kq% & fjiq%] vfj%] oSfj%
fe=ke~ & l[kk] cUèkq%] lqân~
ofÉ% & vfXu%] nkgd%] ikod%
lqfèk;% & fo}kal%] foKk%] vfHkKk%
v'o% & rqjx%] g;%] ?kksVd%
xt% & djh] gLrh] nUrh] ukx%A
o`{k% & nzqe%] r#%] egh#g%A
lfork & lw;Z%] fe=k%] fnokdj%] HkkLdj%A
eU=k% ^euukr~ =kk;rs bfr eU=k%A*
vFkkZr~ os 'kCn tks lksp&fopkj dj cksys tk,¡A lykg ysuk] eU=k.kk djukA eU=k~$vp~ (fdlh
Hkh nsork dks lEcksfèkr) oSfnd lwDr ;k izkFkZukijd oSfnd eU=k] osn dk ikB rhu izdkj dk
gS& ;fn NUnksc¼ vkSj mPp Loj ls cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ^½o~Q* gS] ;fn x|e; vkSj
eUnLoj esa cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ^;tql~* gS] vkSj ;fn NUnksc¼rk osQ lkFk xs;rk gS rks ^lkeu~*
gS (izkFkZukijd) ;tql~ tks fdlh nsork dks mn~fn"V djosQ cksyk x;k gks& ^vksa ue% f'kok;*
vkfnA iapra=k esa Hkh ea=k.kk] ijke'kZ] mins'k rFkk xqIr ea=k.kk osQ vFkZ esa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx
gqvk gSA
56 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

lIre% ikB%

HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk
gekjs okrkoj.k esa HkkSfrd lq[k lk/uksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vusdksa vkink,¡ Hkh yxh jgrh gSaA
izkÑfrd vkink,¡ thou dks vLr&O;Lr dj nsrh gSaA dHkh fdlh egkekjh dh vkink]
ck<+ rFkk lw[ks dh vkink ;k rwiQku osQ :i esa Hk;Vj izy;μ ;s lc ge vius thou
esa ns[krs rFkk lqurs jgrs gSaA HkwoQEi Hkh ,slh gh vkink gS A ftlosQ ckjs esa ;gk¡ n`f"Vikr
fd;k x;k gSA bl ikB osQ ekè;e ls ;g crk;k x;k gS fd fdlh Hkh vkink esa fcuk
fdlh ?kcjkgV osQ] fgEer osQ lkFk fdl izdkj ge viuh lqj{kk Lo;a dj ldrs gSaA

,dksÙkj f}lgÏ∫h"VkCns (2001 bZLoh;s o"ks)Z x.krU=k&fnol&ioZf.k ;nk lexzefi


Hkkjr jk"Vªa u`R;&xhrokfn=kk.kke~ mYykls eXueklhr~ rnkdLeknso xqtZj& jkT;a
i;kZoQq ya] foi;ZLre~] ØUnufodya] foiUu×p tkre~A HkwdEiL; nk#.k& foHkhf"kdk
leLrefi xqtZj{ks=ka fo'ks"ks.k p dPNtuina èoalko'ks"kq ifjofrZrorhA HkwdEiL;
osQUnzHkwra Hkqtuxja rq e`fÙkdkØhMudfeo [k.M[k.Me~ tkre~A cgqHkwfedkfu Hkoukfu
{k.ksuSo èkjk'kk;hfu tkrkfuA mR[kkrk fo|qíhiLrEHkk%A fo'kh.kkZ% x`glksiku& ekxkZ%A
iQky};s foHkDrk Hkwfe%A HkwfexHkkZnqifj fuLljUrhfHk% nqokZj tyèkkjkfHk%&
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 57

egkIykoun`';e~ mifLFkre~A lgÏferk% izkf.kuLrq {k.ksuSo e`rk%A èoLrHkous"kq


lEihfMrk lgÏ'kks¿U;s lgk;rkFk± d#.kd#.ka ØUnfUr LeA gk nSo! {kqR{kked.Bk%
e`rizk;k% osQpu f'k'koLrq bZ'ojÑi;k ,o f}=kkf.k fnukfu thoua èkkfjroUr%A
b;eklhr~ HkSjofoHkhf"kdk dPN HkwdEiL;A i×pksÙkj f}lgÏ∫h"VkCns (2005
bZLoh;s o"ksZ) vfi d'ehj izkUrs ikfdLrku ns'ks p èkjk;k% egRdEiua tkre~A
;LekRdkj.kkr~ y{kifjferk% tuk% vdkydkydofyrk%A i`Foh dLekRizdEirs
oSKkfudk% bfr fo"k;s dFk;fUr ;r~ i`fFkO;k vUrxZHksZ fo|ekuk% c`gR;% ik"kk.k&
f'kyk ;nk la?k"kZ.ko'kkr~ =kqV~;fUr rnk tk;rs Hkh"k.ka laL[kyue~] laL[kyutU;a
dEiu×pA rnSo Hk;kogdEiua èkjk;k mifjryeI;kxR; egkdEiua tu;fr ;su
egkfouk'kn`';a leqRi|rsA
Tokykeq[kioZrkuka foLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;r bfr dFk;fUr HkwdEifo'ks"kKk%A
i`fFkO;k% xHksZ fo|ekuks¿fXu;Znk [kfute`fÙkdkf'kykfnl×p;a DoFk;fr rnk rRloZeo s
ykokjlrke~ misR; nqokZjxR;k èkjka ioZra ok fonk;Z cfgfuZ"ØkefrA èkweHkLeko`ra
tk;rs rnk xxue~A lsfYl;'k&rki&ek=kk;k v"V'krkÄïrkeqixrks¿;a ykokjlks ;nk
unhosxsu izogfr rnk ik'oZLFkxzkek uxjkf.k ok rnqnjs {k.ksuSo lekfo'kfUrA
fugU;Urs p foo'kk% izkf.ku%A Tokykeqn~fxjUr ,rs ioZrk vfi Hkh"k.ka
HkwdEia tu;fUrA
;|fi nSo% izdksiks HkwdEiks uke] rL;ksi'keuL; u dks¿fi fLFkjksik;ks
n`';rsA izÑfr le{ke|kfi foKkuxfoZrks ekuo% okeudYi ,o rFkkfi
HkwdEijgL;Kk% dFk;fUr ;r~ cgqHkwfedHkoufuekZ.ka u dj.kh;e~A rVcUèka fuekZ;
c`gUek=ka unhtyefi uSdfLeu~ LFkys iq×thdj.kh;e~ vU;Fkk vlUrqyuo'kkn~
HkwdEiLlEHkofrA oLrqr% 'kkUrkfu ,o i×prÙokfu f{kfrtyikodlehjxxukfu
HkwryL; ;ksx{ksekH;ka dYiUrsA v'kkUrkfu [kyq rkU;so egkfouk'ke~ miLFkki;fUrA
58 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ%
i;kZoqQye~ μ ifjr%O;koqQye~ μ pkjksa vksj ls cspSu
foi;ZLre~ μ vLrO;Lre~ μ vLrO;Lr
foiUue~ μ foifÙk;qDre~ μ (foifÙkxzLr) eqlhcr esa
nk#.kfoHkhf"kdk μ Hk;Vj=kkl% μ Hk;;qDr
èoalko'ks"kq μ uk'kksijkUre~ vof'k"Vs"kq μ fouk'k osQ ckn cph gqbZ oLrq
e`fÙkdkØhMudfeo μ e`fÙkdk;k% ØhMude~ bo μ fe^h osQ f[kykSus osQ leku
cgqHkwfedkfu Hkoukfu μ cgO;% Hkwfedk% ;s"kq μ cgqeaftys edku
rkfu Hkoukfu
mR[kkrk% μ mRikfVrk% μ m[kM+ x;s
fo'kh.kkZ% μ u"Vk% μ fc[kj x;s
iQky};s μ [k.M};s μ nks [k.Mksa esa
fuLljUrhfHk% μ fuxZPNUrhfHk% μ fudyrh gqbZ
nqokZj μ nq%[ksu fuokjf;rqa ;ksX;e~ μ ftudks gVkuk dfBu gS
egkIykoue~ μ egr~ Iykoue~ μ fo'kky ck<+
{kqR{kked.B% μ {kqèkk {kke% d.Bk% ;s"kke~ rs μ Hkw[k ls nqcZy d.B okys
dkydofyrk% μ fnoaxrk% μ e`R;q dks izkIr gq,
la?k"kZ.ko'kkr~ laL[kyue~ μ fopyue~ μ LFkku ls gVuk
tu;fr μ mRiÛka djksfr μ mRiUu djrh gS
HkwdEifo'ks"kKk% μ Hkqo% dEiujgL;L; Kkrkj% μ Hkwfe osQ dEiUu osQ jgL;
dks tkuus okys
[kfut μ mR[kuukr~ izkIra nzO;e~ μ Hkwfe dks [kksnus ls izkIr oLrq
DoFk;fr μ mÙkIra djksfr μ mckyrh gS] rikrh gS
fonk;Z μ fonh.k± ÑRok] fHkRok μ iQkM+dj
ik'oZLFk&xzkek% μ fudVLFk xzkek% μ lehi osQ xk¡o
mnjs μ oqQ{kkS μ isV esa
lekfo'kfUr & vUr% xPNfUr μ lek tkrh gSa
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 59

mn~fxjUr% μ izdV;Ur% μ izdV djrs gq,


mi'keuL; μ 'kkUrs% μ 'kkUr djus dk
okeudYi μ okeuln`'k% μ ckSuk
fuekZ; μ fuekZ.ka ÑRok μ cukdj
iq×thdj.kh;e~ μ laxzg.kh;e~ μ bd_k djuk pkfg,
;ksx{ksekH;ke~ μ vizkIrL; izkfIr% ;ksx% μ vizkIr dh izkfIr ;ksx gS
izkIrL; j{k.ka {kse% rkH;ke~ izkIr dh j{kk {kse gS

vH;kl%
1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr &
(d) leLrjk"Vªa dhn`o~Q mYykls eXue~ vklhr~\
([k) HkwdEiL; osQUnzfcUnq% d% tuin% vklhr~\
(x) i`fFkO;k% L[kyukr~ ¯d tk;rs\
(?k) lexzks fo'o% oSQ% vkrafdr% n`';rs\
(Ä) osQ"kka foLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;rs\
(p) dhn`'kkfu Hkoukfu èkjk'kk;hfu tk;Urs\

2- lfUèka@lfUèkfoPNsna p oqQ#r &


(v) ijlo.kZlfUèkfu;ekuqlkje~ &
(d) fd×p ¾ ---------------- $ p
([k) ---------------- ¾ uxje~ $ rq
(x) foiUu×p ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(?k) ------------------ ¾ fde~ $ uq
(Ä) HkqtuxjUrq ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
(p) ---------------- ¾ le~ $ p;%
60 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(vk) folxZlfUèkfu;ekuqlkje~&
(d) f'k'koLrq ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------
([k) ---------------- ¾ foLiQksV%S $ vfi
(x) lgLkz'kks¿U;s ¾ ---------------- $ vU;s
(?k) fofp=kks¿;e~ ¾ fofp=k% $ ----------------
(Ä) ---------------- ¾ HkwdEi% $ tk;rs
(p) okeudYi ,o ¾ ---------------- $ ----------------

3- (v) ^d* LrHHks inkfu nÙkkfu ^[k* LrEHks foykseinkfu] r;ks% la;ksxa oqQ#r&
d [k
lEiUue~ izfo'kUrhfHk%
èoLrHkous"kq lqfpjs.kSo
fuLljUrhfHk% foiUue~
fuekZ; uofufeZr Hkous"kq
{k.ksuSo fouk';

(vk) ^d* LrEHks inkfu nÙkkfu ^[k* LrEHks lekukFkZdinkfu r;ks% la;ksxa oqQ#r &
d [k
i;kZoqQye~ u"Vk%
fo'kh.kkZ% Øksèk;qDrke~
mn~fxjUr% la=kksV~;
fonk;Z O;koqQye~
izoqQfirke~ izdV;Ur%

4- (v) mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfr&izR;;;ks% foHkkxa oqQ#r&


;Fkk& ifjofrZrorh & ifj $ o`r~ $ Drorq $ Ähi~ (L=kh)
èk`roku~ & ----------------- $ -----------------
glu~ & ----------------- $ -----------------
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 61

fo'kh.kkZ & fo $ 'kÏ $ Dr $ ---------------


izpyUrh & ----------------- $ ----------------- $ 'kr` $ Ähi~ (L=kh)
gr% & ----------------- $ -----------------
(vk) ikBkr~ fofpR; leLrinkfu fy[kr&
egr~ p rr~ dEiua ¾ ----------------------------------
nk#.kk p lk foHkhf"kdk ¾ ----------------------------------
èoLrs"kq p rs"kq Hkous"kq ¾ ----------------------------------
izkDrus p rfLeu~ ;qxs ¾ ----------------------------------
egr~ p rr~ jk"Vªa rfLeu~ ¾ ----------------------------------

5- LFkwyinkfu vkèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&


(d) HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk fo'ks"ks.k dPNtuina èoalko'ks"ks"kq ifjofrZrorhA
([k) oSKkfudk% dFk;fUr ;r~ i`fFkO;k% vUrxZHksZ] ik"kk.kf'kykuka la?k"kZ.ksu dEiua tk;rsA
(x) foo'kk% izkf.ku% vkdk'ks fiihfydk% bo fugU;UrsA
(?k) ,rkn`'kh Hk;kog?kVuk x<+oky{ks=ks ?kfVrkA
(Ä) rfnnkuhe~ HkwdEidkj.ka fopkj.kh;a fr"BfrA

6- ^HkwdEifo"k;s* i×pokD;fere~ vuqPNsna fy[krA

7- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq /krq"kq funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZua fo/k; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


(d) lexza Hkkjra mYykls eXu% ------------------- (vl~ $ yV~ ydkjs)
([k) HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk dPNtuina fou"Va ------------------- (Ñ $ Drorq $ Ähi~)
(x) {k.ksuoS izkf.ku% x`gfoghuk% ------------------- (Hkw $ yÄ~] izFke iq#"k cgqopu)
(?k) 'kkUrkfu i×prÙokfu HkwryL; ;ksx{ksekH;ka ------------------- (Hkw $ yV~] izFke iq#"k
cgqopu)
(Ä) ekuok% ------------------- ;r~ cgqHkwfedHkoufuekZ.ka dj.kh;e~ u ok\ (i`PN~ $ yV~]
izFke iq#"k cgqopu)
(p) unhosxsu xzkek% rnqnjs ------------------- (le~ $ vk $ fo'k~ $ fof/fyÄ~] izFke iq#"k
,d opu)
62 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

HkwdEi ifjp; μ Hkwfe dk dEiu HkwdEi dgykrk gSA og fcUnq HkwdEi dk mn~xe osQUnz
dgk tkrk gS] ftl fcUnq ij dEiu dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA dEiu rjax osQ :i esa fofoèk fn'kkvksa
esa vkxs pyrk gSA ;s rjaxas lHkh fn'kkvksa esa mlh izdkj iSQyrh gSa tSls fdlh 'kkUr rkykc esa
iRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks isaQdus ls rjaxsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA
èkjkry ij oqQN LFkku ,sls gSa tgk¡ HkwdEi izk;% vkrs gh jgrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj& iz'kkUr
egklkxj osQ pkjkas vksj osQ izns'k] fgekpy izns'k] xXk] czãiq=k dk rVh; Hkkx bu {ks=kksa esa
vusd HkwdEi vk, ftuesa ls oqQN rks vR;fèkd Hk;kog vkSj fouk'kdkjh FksA lqukeh Hkh ,d
izdkj dk HkwdEiu gh gS ftlesa Hkwfe osQ Hkhrj vR;Ur xgjkbZ ls rhoz dEiu mRiUu gksrk gSA
;gh dEiu leqnz osQ ty dks dkiQh m¡QpkbZ rd rhozrk iznku djrk gSA iQyLo:i rVh; {ks=k
lokZfèkd izHkkfor gksrs gSaA lqukeh dk Hkh"k.k izdksi 20 flrEcj 2004 dks gqvkA ftldh
pisV esa Hkkjrh; izk;}hi lfgr vusd ns'k vk x;sA f{kfr] ty] ikod] xxu vkSj lehj bu
i×prRoksa esa lUrqyu cuk, j[kdj izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls cpk tk ldrk gSA blosQ foijhr
vlUrqfyr i×prRoksa ls l`f"V fou"V gks ldrh gS\

HkwdEifo"k;s izkphuere~
izkphuS% ½f"kfHk% vfi LoLoxzUFks"kq HkwdEiksYys[k% Ñr% ;su Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ HkwdEik%
izkphudkys¿fi vk;kfUr LeA
;Fkk&
ojkglafgrk;ke~&
f{kfrdEiekgqjsosQ eáUrtZyfuokfllÙoÑre~
HkwHkkjf[kUufnXxtfu%'okl leqn~Hkoa pkU;sA
vfuyks¿fuysu fufgr% f{krkS iru~ lLoua djksR;U;s
osQfpr~ Ron`"VdkfjrfeneU;s izkgqjkpk;kZ%AA
e;wjfp=ks
dnkfpr~ HkwdEi% Js;ls¿fi dYirsA ,rkn`'kk% vfi mYys[kk% vLekoaQ lkfgR;s leqiYkH;Urs
;Fkk ok#.ke.MyekS'kuls &
HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 63

izrhP;ka ;fn dEisr ok#.ks lIrosQ x.ks]


f}rh;;kes jk=kkS rq r`rh;s ok#.ka Le`re~ A
v=k o`f"V'p egrh 'kL;o`f¼LrFkSo p]
izKk èkeZjrk'pSo Hk;jksxfooftZrk% AA
mYdkHkwdEifnXnkglEHko% 'kL;o`¼;s A
{ksekjksX;lqfHk{kk;S o`"V;s p lq[kk; p A
HkwdEilek ,o vfXudEi%] ok;qdEi%] vEcqdEi% bR;soe¿U;s¿fi HkofUrA
64 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

v"Ve% ikB%

iz'u=k;e~
izLrqr dFkk :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; dh izfl¼ dgkuh osQ vaxzsth vuqokn dk
laf{kIr :i esa iqujk[;ku gSA ;gk¡ lsok rFkk ijksidkj ij cy nsrs gq, dgk x;k gS fd
blosQ }kjk dBksj ls Hkh dBksj euq"; dk ân;&ifjofrZr gks ldrk gS ftldh orZeku
le; esa ekuo lekt osQ fy, egrh vko';drk gSA
df'pn~ jktk Loeufl fujUrja izorZekuk;kftKklk;k% lekèkkuk; dfLe¡f'pnkJes
fuolrks equ%s ik'oZeiq kxPNr~A rnkuha eqfu% Lodk;Zlya Xu ,o jktkua ;Fks"VeH;uUnr~A
jktk ra eqfua iz'u=k;ei`PNr~& d% le;% Js"B%\ d% iqjQ"k% Js"B%\ ¯d deZ p
Js"Be~\ bfrA eqfuLrq jktkua izfr u è;kRok Lodk;Zesokdjksr~A

r=kkJes jkKks fuoklkfnO;oLFkkefi fuèkkZ;Z eqfuuZ fdeI;okspr~ izR;qr Lodh;kfu


dk;kZf.k ;FkkiwoeZ kpjr~A jktk iqu% iqu% rkuso iz'ukuqiLFkkI; equ#s Ùkja izrhf{kroku~A
iz'u=k;e~ 65

fdUrq eqfuuZ fdefi oDrqeqRlqd%A l p fujUrjekJeL; d"kZ.ka] ektZua] lspua]


rFkkU;kfu dk;kZf.k drq± O;ki`r%A jktk fujk'kks HkwRok izR;korZuL; fopkja pdkjA
vFkkijs|%q jkKks jktèkkuha izfr izLFkkuksRlqdL; iqjr% df'pr~ 'kL=kkgr% JeDykUr%
iq#"k% vkJeekxr%A rL; d"Va foyksD; n;knzksZ eqfu;ZFkklkè;a rL;ksipkjs izo`Ùk%A
jktkfi rkn`'kL; vkrqjL; n'k;k fody bo equsLrfLeu~ dk;sZ rnkns'ksu lgk;rka
pdkjA dfri;Sjso fnolSjkxUrqdks equs% jkK'pksipkjs.k LoLFkks tkr%A
l p jktkueqokpμ e;k osQukfi dkj.ksu Øksèkkfo"Vsu jktSo gUrO; vklhr~
fdUrq ef}pkjL; izdk'kukn~ jktiq#"kk% eka Hk`'kerkM;u~ cUnhÑroUr'pA
;FkkdFkefi v=k fujkinekJeekxrks¿fLe iyk;ekuks cUèkukr~A vèkquk Hkorks
O;ogkjs.k dksiks es xfyr%A {kUrO;kss¿;a ojkdks tu%A vkKki;rq egkjkt%A
vFk jktkua eqfu#okp&¶eU;s Hkonh;L; iz'u=k;L; lekèkkueL; tuL;
ifjofrZrekulL; lso;So tkre~A eqfu% iqujfi fo'knhoqQoZUudFk;r~& v;eso
Js"B% le;% ;=k ekuo% ijksidkjs dfLeUufi deZf.k ok O;ki`r%A le{ka orZeku%
iq#"k ,o Js"B% dL;kfi lgk;rka dke;eku%A lsoo S Js"Ba deZ ;su ân;ifjorZuefi
tk;rsA¸ jktk equs#Ùkjiznkui¼R;k izeqfnr% HkwRok Louxja xr%A

'kCnkFkkZ%
izorZekuk;k% μ pyk;ekuk% μ pyrh gqbZ dk
mikxPNr~ μ lehia xroku~ μ fudV x;k
;Fks"Ve~ μ bPNkuqlkje~ μ LosPNk ls
vH;uUnu~ μ vfHkuUnua o`Qroku~ μ Lokxr fd;k
izrhf{kroku~ μ izrh{kke~ vdjksr~ μ izrh{kk dh
fu/kZ;Z μ fuf'pra ÑRok μ fuf'pr djosQ
izR;korZuL; μ izfr$vkorZuL; μ ykSVus dk
vijs|q% μ vijfLeu~ fnus μ vxys fnu
iqjr% μ le{ke~ μ lkeus
66 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

foyksD; μ n`"V~ok μ ns[kdj


;Fkklkè;e~ μ ;FkklaHkoe~ μ ftruk laHko Fkk
Hk`'ke~ μ vR;f/de~ μ vR;f/d
fujkine~ μ vkin~foghue~ μ foifÙk jfgr
xfyr% μ lekIr% μ u"V gks x;k
ojkdks μ foo'k% μ cspkjk
fo'knhoqQoZu~ μ foLrkja oqQoZu~ μ foLrkj djrs gq,
{kUrO;% μ {kek ;ksX;% μ {kek djus ;ksX;
izo`Ùk% μ layXu% μ yxk gqvk
izeqfnr% μ izd"ksZ.k eqfnr% μ vrho izlUu
O;ki`r% μ deZf.k fujr% μ dke esa yxk gqvk
pdkj μ vdjksr~ μ fd;k

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ


(d) jktk fdeFk± equs% ik'oZeqikxPNr~\
([k) jktk eqfua dku~ iz'uku~ vi`PNr~\
(x) vijs|q% dhn`'k% iqjQ"k% vkJeekxr%\
(?k) iqjQ"k% dFka LoLFk% tkr%\
(Ä) Js"B% le;% d%\
(p) Js"Ba deZ fde~\

2- LFkwyinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ


(d) jktk eqfua iz'u=k;ei`PNr~A
([k) eqfu% Lodk;ZlayXu ,o jktkue~ vH;uUnr~A
(x) jktk ftKklk;k% lek/kuk; equs% ik'oZexPNr~A
iz'u=k;e~ 67

(?k) jktk iz'uku~ miLFkkI; equs% mÙkja izrhf{kroku~A


(Ä) jktk 'kL=kkgrL; lgk;rke~ vdjksr~A

3- ^d* LrEHks nÙkkuka fo'ks"k.kinkuka ^[k* LrEHks nÙkS% fo'ks";S% lg la;kstua oqQ#rμ
(d) ([k) mÙkjkf.k
izorZekuk;k% eqfu% --------------
'kL=kkgr% vkJee~ --------------
n;knzZ% ftKklk;k% --------------
ojkd% fnolS% --------------
dfri;S% iqjQ"k% --------------
fujkine~ tu% --------------
Lodh;kfu deZ --------------
Js"Be~ dk;kZf.k --------------

4- ikBkr~ leLrina fpRok foxzg&okD;&le{ka fy[krμ


(d) iwoeZ ~ vufrØE; & ----------------------------
([k) 'kL=ks.k vkgr% & ----------------------------
(x) jkK% iq#"k% & ----------------------------
(?k) egku~ pklkS jktk & ----------------------------
(Ä) Jes.k DykUr% & ----------------------------
(p) vkinkuke~ vHkko% & ----------------------------

5- ikBkr~ fpRok vO;;inS% fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#rμ


(d) -------------- Hkorks O;ogkjs.k dksiks es xfyr%A
([k) jktk vkJes equs% -------------- vkxPNr~A
(x) eqfu% -------------- vkJes jkKks fuoklkfnO;oLFkkefi vdjksr~A
(?k) jktk -------------- rkuso i'pkr~ miLFkkfiroku~A
68 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

6- vèkksfyf[krkfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu bfr okD;le{ks fy[krμ


(d) jktk ra iz'u=k;ei`PNr~A
([k) rL; d"Va foyksD; eqfu% rL;ksipkjs izo`Ùk%A
(x) l fujk'kks HkwRok izR;korZuL; fopkjedjksr~A
(?k) l Lodk;ZlayXu ,o jktkua&;Fks"VeH;uUnr~A

7- lfUèkfoPNsna oqQ#rμ
(d) ;Fks"Ve~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
([k) izR;korZue~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
(x) rFkkU;kfu & ------------------ $ ------------------
(?k) df'pr~ & ------------------ $ ------------------
(Ä) lso;So & ------------------ $ ------------------
(p) rL;ksipkjs & ------------------ $ ------------------

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
^lsokijeksèkeZ%* bfr Hkkoa o.kZ;u~ dkefi lR;?kVuka dFkka ok fy[kr&

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
Hkkf"kd foLrkj%μ
izorZekuk;k% & iz $ o`r~ $ 'kkup~ (L=kh-) "k"Bh fo- ,dopue~
mikxPNr~ & mi $ vk $ xe~ yÄ~ ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
vH;uUnr~ & vfHk $ √uUn~ $ yÄ~ ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
izrhf{kroku~ & izfr $ bZ{k~ $ √Drorq iz- iq- ,dopue~
fuèkkZ;Z & fuj~ $ √èk` (èkkj.ks) Y;i~ izR;;
vokspr~ & op~ $ yqX ydkj iz- iq- ,dopue~
izR;korZuL; & izfr $ vk $ o`r~ $ Y;qV~ izR;; "k"Bh fo- ,dopue~
iz'u=k;e~ 69

vijs|q% & (vO;; 'kCn) vij $ ,|ql~


O;ki`r% & fo $ vki` $ Dr
dfri; & (fo'ks"k.kine~) oqQN] dfr $ v;p~] iqo~Q p
dfri; 'kCn osQ :i vdkjkUr ia¡q- ^uj* 'kCn osQ leku gksaxsA bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx osQoy cgqopu
esa gksrk gSA
pdkj & √o`Q fyV~ ydkj izFke iq- ,dopue~
^o`Q* èkkrq osQ fyV~ ydkj dk :i
^ijks{ks fyV~*
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% pdkj pØrq% pozqQ%
eè;eiq#"k% pdFkZ pØFkq% pØ
mÙkeiq#"k% pdkj] pdj po`Qo po`Qe
ydkj
Nk=k ik¡p ydkjksa dk iz;ksx tkurs gSaA fdUrq laLÑr Hkk"kk esa nl ydkj gksrs gSaA nlksa ydkjksa osQ
Kku osQ fy, ^xe~* /krq dk mngkj.k ns[ksa&
xe~ /krq yV~ydkj% (orZekudky)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xPNfr xPNr% xPNfUr
eè;eiq#"k% xPNfl xPNFk% xPNFk
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfe xPNko% xPNke%

xe~ /krq yÄ~ydkj% (vu|ruHkwr)


,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% vxPNr~ vxPNrke~ vxPNu~
eè;eiq#"k% vxPN% vxPNre~ vxPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% vxPNe~ vxPNko vxPNke
70 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

xe~ /krq y`V~ydkj% (lkekU; Hkfo";)


,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xfe";fr xfe";r% xfe";fUr
eè;eiq#"k% xfe";fl xfe";Fk% xfe";Fk
mÙkeiq#"k% xfe";kfe xfe";ko% xfe";ke%
xe~ /krq yksV~ydkj% (vkKk)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xPNrq xPNrke~ xPNUrq
eè;eiq#"k% xPN xPNre~ xPNr
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNkfu xPNko xPNke
xe~ /krq fof/fyÄ~ydkj%
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xPNsr~ xPNsrke~ xPNs;q%
eè;eiq#"k% xPNs% xPNsre~ xPNsr
mÙkeiq#"k% xPNs;e~ xPNso xPNse
xe~ /krq (vk'khfyZÄõ)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xE;kr~ xE;kLrke~ xE;klq%
eè;eiq#"k% xE;k% xE;kLre~ xE;kLr
mÙkeiq#"k% xE;kle~ xE;kLo xE;kLe
xe~ /krq ijks{ksHkwr (fyV~)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% txke tXeLrq% tXeq%
eè;eiq#"k% txfeFk] txUFk tXeFkq% tXe
mÙkeiq#"k% txke] txe tfXeo tfXee
iz'u=k;e~ 71

xe~ /krq (vu|ruHkfo"; yqV~)


,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% xUrk xUrkjkS xUrkj%
eè;eiq#"k% xUrkfl xUrkLFk% xUrkLFk
mÙkeiq#"k% xUrkfLe xUrkLOk% xUrkLe%
xe~ /krq (lkekU;Hkwr&yqÄ~)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% vxer~ vxerke~ vxeu~
eè;eiq#"k% vxe% vxere~ vxer
mÙkeiq#"k% vxee~ vxeko vxeke
xe~ /krq (fØ;k foifÙk&yqÄ~)
,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkeiq#"k% vxfe";r~ vxfe";rke~ vxfe";u~
eè;eiq#"k% vxfe";% vxfe";re~ vxfe";r
mÙkeiq#"k% vxfe";e~ vxfe";ko vxfe";ke

folxZ lfUèk esa folxZ osQ i'pkr~ l~ ;k r~ vkus ij folxZ osQ LFkku ij l~ gks tkrk gSA ;Fkkμ
liZ% $ liZfr = liZLliZfr
d% $ Roe~ = dLRoe~
eqfu% $ rq = eqfuLrq
bl lfUèk esa in osQ vfUre l~ dks # vkns'k gksrk gS rFkk # osQ m dk yksi gks tkrk gSA
eqfu% $ u = eqfuuZ
equs% $ mÙkje~ = equs#Ùkje~
folxZ osQ iwoZ v gks vkSj ckn esa Hkh v gks rks folxZ dk vks rFkk ckn osQ vdkj dk iwoZ :i
(¿) gks tkrk gSA
72 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

;Fkkμ
d% $ vfi = dks¿fi
l% $ vfi = lkss¿fi

ys[kd ifjp;%
fo'odFkk&lkfgR; esa :lh ys[kd fy;ks VkYLVk; dh vR;fèkd izflf¼ gSA lkfRodrk ls iw.kZ ,oa
èkjrh ls tqM+h gqbZ dgkfu;ksa osQ ys[kd osQ :i esa VkYLVk; us fo'o&dFkk txr~ dks cgqr izHkkfor
fd;k FkkA budk egku~ miU;kl ^okj ,.M ihl* mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ Øhfe;k&;q¼ osQ dFkkud
ij vkèkkfjr gS tks ;q¼ dh fujFkZdrk vkSj 'kkfUr osQ i{k esa okrkoj.k izLrqr djrk gSA VkYLVk;
osQ fopkjksa dk egkRek xkUèkh ij cgqr izHkko iM+k FkkA nksuksa esa i=kkpkj Hkh gksrk FkkA fo'o dh
izeq[k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh VkYLVk; dh jpukvksa osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA laLo`Qr esa Hkh mudh jpuk,¡
vuwfnr gSa tks ^VkYLVk; dFkk laxzg%* osQ uke ls izfl¼ gSaA
izLrqr dFkk izfl¼ :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; dh ,d cgqizpfyr dgkuh osQ vaxzs”kh
'kh"kZd ‘Three question’ dk vuwfnr laf{kIr iqujk[;ku gSA ;g dgkuh lsok ,oa ijksidkjijd
gksus osQ vfrfjDr ân; ifjorZudkjh gSA dgkuh esa ekuo dh egÙkk Hkh izfrikfnr gSA bl dFkk dk
iqujk[;ku izks- mek'kadj 'kekZ ^½f"k* osQ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA izks- ½f"k u osQoy izfl¼ leh{kd
gSa vfirq fonXèk jpukdkj osQ :i esa Hkh izfl¼ gSaA laLo`Qr esa vkidh ,d ekSfyd dFkk
^,dkfdRoe~* lkfgR; vdkneh u;h fnYyh ls izdkf'kr ^laLo`Qr y?kqdFkk laxzg* esa ladfyr gSA
uoe% ikB%

izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~


izLrqr ukV~;ka'k egkdfo fo'kk[knÙk }kjk jfpr ^eqækjk{kle~* uked ukVd osQ izFke
vV ls mn~/r` fd;k x;k gSA uUnoa'k dk fouk'k djus osQ ckn mlosQ fgrSf"k;ksa dks
[kkst&[kkstdj idM+okus osQ Øe esa pk.kD;] vekR; jk{kl ,oa mlosQ dqVfq Ec;ksa dh
tkudkjh izkIr djus osQ fy, pUnunkl ls okrkZyki djrk gS fdUrq pk.kD; dks
vekR; jk{kl osQ fo"k; esa dksbZ lqjkx u nsrk gqvk pUnunkl viuh fe=krk ij n`<+
jgrk gSA mlosQ eS=kh Hkko ls izlUu gksrk gqvk Hkh pk.kD; tc mls jktn.M dk Hk;
fn[kkrk gS] rc pUnunkl jktn.M Hkksxus osQ fy;s Hkh lg"kZ izLrqr gks tkrk gSA bl
izdkj vius lqân~ osQ fy, izk.kksa dk Hkh mRlxZ djus osQ fy;s rRij pUnunkl viuh
lqân~&fu"Bk dk ,d ToyUr mnkgj.k izLrqr djrk gSA
pk.kD;% & oRl! ef.kdkjJsf"Bua pUnunklfenkuha æ"VqfePNkfeA
f'k";% & rFksfr (fu"ØE; pUnunklsu lg izfo';) br% br% Jsf"Bu~
(mHkkS ifjØker%)
f'k";% & (mil`R;) mikè;k;! v;a Js"Bh pUnunkl%A
pUnunkl% & t;Rok;Z%
pk.kD;% & Jsf"Bu~! Lokxra rsA vfi izph;Urs laO;ogkjk.kka o`f¼ykHkk%\
pUnunkl% & (vkRexre~) vR;knj% 'kVuh;%A (izdk'ke~) vFk fde~A vk;ZL;
izlknsu v[kf.Mrk es of.kT;kA
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% izfrfiz;fePNfUr jktku%A
pUnunkl% & vkKki;rq vk;Z%] ¯d fd;r~ p vLeTtukfn";rs bfrA
74 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! pUæxqIrjkT;fena u uUnjkT;e~A uUnL;So vFkZlEcUèk%


izhfreqRikn;frA pUæxqIrL; rq HkorkeifjDys'k ,oA
pUnunkl% & (lg"kZe)~ vk;Z! vuqxg` hrks¿fLeA
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! l pkifjDys'k% dFkekfoHkZofr bfr uuq Hkork
iz"VO;k% Le%A
pUnunkl% & vkKki;rq vk;Z%A
pk.kD;% & jktfu vfo#¼o`fÙkHkZoA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! d% iquj/U;ks jkKks fo#¼ bfr vk;s.Z kkoxE;rs\
pk.kD;% & Hkokuso rkor~ izFkee~A
pUnunkl% & (d.kkSZ fi/k;) 'kkUra ikie~] 'kkUra ikie~A dhn`'kLr`.kkukefXuuk
lg fojks/%\
pk.kD;% & v;ehn`'kks fojks/% ;r~ Roe|kfi jktkiF;dkfj.kks¿ekR;jk{klL;
x`gtua Lox`gs j{kflA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! vyhdesrr~A osQukI;uk;s.Z k vk;kZ; fuosfnre~A
pk.kD;% & Hkks Jsf"Bu~! vyek'kV;kA Hkhrk% iwojZ ktiq#"kk% ikSjk.kkfePNrkefi
x`gs"kq x`gtua fuf{kI; ns'kkUrja oztfUrA rrLrRizPNknua
nks"keqRikn;frA
pUnunkl% & ,oa uq bne~A rfLeu~ le;s vklhnLen~xg` s vekR;jk{klL; x`gtu
bfrA
pk.kD;% & iwoeZ ~ ^vu`re~*] bnkuhe~ ¶vklhr~¸ bfr ijLijfo#¼s opusA
pUnunkl% & vk;Z! rfLeu~ le;s vklhnLen~xg` s vekR;jk{kL; x`gtu bfrA
pk.kD;% & vFksnkuha DOk xr%\
pUnunkl% & u tkukfeA
pk.kD;% & dFka u Kk;rs uke\ Hkks Jsf"Bu~! f'kjfl Hk;e~] vfrnwja
rRizfrdkj%A
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 75

pUnunkl% & vk;Z! ¯d es Hk;a n'kZ;fl\ lUrefi xsgs vekR;jk{kL; x`gtua


u leiZ;kfe] ¯d iqujLkUre~\

pk.kD;% & pUnunkl! ,"k ,o rs fu'p;%\


pUnunkl% & ck<e~] ,"k ,o es fu'p;%A
pk.kD;% & (Loxre~) lk/q! pUnunkl lk/qA
lqyHks"oFkZykHks"kq ijlaons us tusA
d bna nq"dja dq;kZfnnkuha f'kfouk foukAA

'kCnkFkkZ%
ef.kdkj Jsf"Bue~ & jRudkja of.kta & ef.k dk O;kikjh
fu"ØE; & cfgxZRok & fudydj
mil`R; & lehia xRok & ikl tkdj
ifjØker% & ifjHkze.ka dqoZr% & (nksuksa) ifjHkze.k djrs gSa
76 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

izph;Urs & o`¯¼ izkIuqofUr & c<+rs gSa


laO;ogkjk.kke~ & O;kikjk.kke~ & O;kikjkas dk
vkRexre~ & Loxre~ & eu gh eu
'kVuh;% & lUnsgkLine~ & 'kadk djus ;ksX;
v[kf.Mrk & fuckZ/k & ck/kjfgr
of.kT;k & okf.kT;e~ & O;kikj
izhrkH;% & izlUukH;% & izlUu tuksa osQ izfr
izfrfiz;e~ & izR;qidkje~ & midkj osQ cnys fd;k
x;k midkj
vifjDys'k% & nq%[kkHkko% & nq[k dk vHkko
vkKki;rq & vkfn'krq & vkns'k nsa
vFkZlEcU/% & /uL; lEcU/% & /u dk lEcU/
ifjDys'k% & nq%[ke~ & nq%[k
iz"VO;k% & iz"Vqa;ksX;k% & iwNus ;ksX;
voxE;rs & Kk;rs & tkuk tkrk gS
vfo#¼o`fÙk% & vfo#¼LoHkko% & fojks/jfgr LoHkko okyk
fi/k; & vkPNk| & cUn dj
jktkiF;dkfj.k% & u`ikidkjdkfj.k% & jktkvksa dk vfgr djus
okys
vyhde~ & vlR;e~ & >wB
vuk;sZ.k & nq"Vsu & nq"V osQ }kjk
ikSjk.kke~ & uxjokfluke~ & uxj osQ yksxkas osQ
fuf{kI; & LFkkif;Rok & j[kdj
oztfUr & xPNfUr & tkrs gSa
izPNknue~ & vkPNknue~ & fNikuk
vekR;% & eU=kh & eU=kh
vlUre~ & u fuolUre~ & u jgus okys
ck<e~ & vke~ & gk¡
laosnus & leiZ.ks Ñrs lfr & leiZ.k ij
tus & yksosQ & lalkj esa
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 77

vafre 'yksd dk vUo;


vUo;% ijL; laosnus vFkZykHks"kq lqyHks"kq bna nq"dja deZ tus (yksosQ) f'kfouk fouk d%
oqQ;kZr~A
ijL; ijdh;L; vFkZL; laosnus leiZ.ks Ñrs lfr vFkZykHks"kq lqyHks"kq lRlq LokFk±
r`.khÑR; ijlaj{k.k:iesoa nq"dja deZ tus (yksosQ) ,osQu f'kfouk fouk RonU;% d%
oq Q ;kZ r ~ A f'kfojfi Ñrs ;q x s Ñroku~ Roa rq bnkuha dykS ;q x s djks f "k bfr
rrks¿I;fr'kf;r&lqpfjrRofefr Hkko%A
vFkZμnwljksa dh oLrq dks lefiZr djus ij cgqr /u izkIr gksus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh
nwljksa dh oLrq dh lqj{kk :ih dfBu dk;Z dks ,d f'kfo dks NksM+dj rqEgkjs
vykok nwljk dkSu dj ldrk gS\
vk'k;μ bl 'yksd osQ }kjk egkdfo fo'kk[knÙk us cM+s gh laf{kIr 'kCnksa esa pUnunkl osQ
xq.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gSA blesa dfo us dgk gS fd nwljksa dh oLrq dh j{kk djuh
dfBu gksrh gSA ;gk¡ pUnunkl osQ }kjk vekR; jk{kl osQ ifjokj dh j{kk dk
dfBu dke fd;k x;k gSA U;klj{k.k dks egkdfo Hkkl us Hkh nq"dj dk;Z ekurs
gq, LoIuoklonÙke~ esa dgk gSμ nq"dja U;klj{k.ke~A
pUnunkl vxj vekR; jk{kl osQ ifjokja dks jktk dks lefiZr dj nsrk] rks jktk
mlls izlUu Hkh gksrk vkSj cgqr&lk /u ikfjrksf"kd osQ :i esa nsrk] ij mlus
HkkSfrd ykHk o yksHk dks njfdukj djrs gq, vius izk.kfiz; fe=k osQ ifjokja dh
j{kk dks viuk dÙkZO; ekuk vkSj bls fuHkk;k HkhA dfo us pUnunkl osQ bl dk;Z
dh rqyuk jktk f'kfo osQ dk;ks± ls dh gS ftUgksaus vius 'kj.kkxr diksr dh j{kk
osQ fy, vius 'kjhj osQ vaxksa dks dkVdj ns fn;k FkkA jktk f'kfo us rks lR;;qx
esa ,slk fd;k Fkk] ij pUnunkl us ,slk dk;Z bl dfy;qx esa fd;k gS] blfy, os
vkSj vf/d iz'kalk osQ ik=k gaSA

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&
(d) pUnunkl% dL; x`gtua Lox`gs j{kfr Le\
([k) r`.kkuka osQu lg fojks/% vfLr\
78 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) d% pUnunkla æ"VqfePNfr\


(?k) ikBs¿fLeu~ pUnunklL; rqyuk osQu lg Ñrk\
(Ä) izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% izfrfiz;a osQ bPNfUr\
(p) dL; izlknsu pUnunklL; okf.kT;k v[kf.Mrk\
2- LFkwyk{kjinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ
(d) f'kfouk fouk bna nq"dja dk;± d% oqQ;kZr~A
([k) izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqârA
(x) vk;ZL; izlknsu esa okf.kT;k v[kf.MrkA
(?k) izhrkH;% izÑfrH;% jktku% izfrfiz;fePNfUrA
(Ä) r`.kkuke~ vfXuuk lg fojks/ks HkofrA
3- funsZ'kkuqlkja lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna dq#rμ
(d) ;Fkkμ d% $ vfi & dks¿fi
izk.ksH;% $ vfi & ------------
------------ $ vfLe & lTtks¿fLeA
vkReu% $ ------------ & vkReuks¿f/dkjln`'ke~
([k) ;Fkkμ lr~ $ fpr~ & lfPpr~
'kjr~ $ pUæ% & ------------
dnkfpr~ $ p & ------------
4- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZua dq#rμ
;Fkkμ izfrfiz;fePNfUr jktku%A (,dopus)
izfrfiz;fePNfr jktkA
(d) l% izÑrs% 'kksHkka i';fr (cgqopus)
([k) vga u tkukfeA (eè;eiq#"kSdopus)
(x) Roa dL; x`gtua Lox`gsj{kfl\ (mÙkeiq#"kSdopus)
(?k) d% bna nq"dja dq;kZr~\ (izFkeiq#"kcgqopus)
(Ä) pUnunkla æ"VqfePNkfeA (izFkeiq#"kSdopus)
(p) jktiq#"kk% ns'kkUrja oztfUrA (izFkeiq#"kSdopus)
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 79

5- dks"BosQ"kq nÙk;ks% in;ks% 'kq¼a fodYia fofpR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


(d) ----------------- fouk bna nq"dja d% oqQ;kZr~A (pUnunklL; @ pUnunklsu)
([k) ----------------- bna o`ÙkkUra fuosn;kfeA (xqjos @ xqjks%)
(x) vk;ZL; ----------------- v[kf.Mrk es of.kT;kA (izlknkr~ @ izlknsu)
(?k) vye~ ----------------- A (dygsu @ dygkr~)
(Ä) ohj% ----------------- ckya j{kfrA (¯lgsu @ ¯lgkr~)
(p) ----------------- Hkhr% ee Hkzkrk lksikukr~ virr~A (oqQDoqQjs.k @ oqQDoqQjkr~)
(N) Nk=k% ----------------- iz'ua i`PNfrA (vkpk;Ze~ @ vkpk;sZ.k)
6- v/ksnÙke×tw"kkr% leqfprinkfu x`ghRok foykseinkfu fy[kr&

vknj% vlR;e~ xq.k% i'pkr~ rnkuhe~ r=k

(d) vuknj% ------------------------


([k) nks"k% ------------------------
(x) iwoZe~ ------------------------
(?k) lR;e~ ------------------------
(Ä) bnkuhe~ ------------------------
(p) v=k ------------------------
7- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; i×pokD;kfu jp;r&
;Fkk fu"ØE;& f'kf{kdk iqLrdky;kr~ fu"ØE; d{kka izfo'kfrA
(d) mil`R; ------------------------
([k) izfo'; ------------------------
(x) æ"Vqe~ ------------------------
(?k) bnkuhe~ ------------------------
(Ä) v=k ------------------------
80 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
dfoifjp;%
^eqækjk{kle~* bfr ukEu% ukVdL; iz.ksrk fo'kk[knÙk vklhr~A l% jktoa'ks mRiUu% vklhr~A rL;
firk HkkLdjnÙk% egkjktL; inoha izkIuksr~A fo'kk[knÙk% jktuhrs% U;k;L; T;ksfr"kfo"k;L; p
fo}ku~ vklhr~A oSfnd/ekZoyEch HkwRok¿fi l% ckS¼/eZL; vfi vknjedjksr~A
xzUFkifjp;%
^eqækjk{kle~* ,de~ ,sfrgkflda ukVde~ vfLrA n'kkVs"kq fojfprs vfLeÂkVosQ pk.kD;L;
jktuhfrddkS'kyL; cqf¼oSHkoL; jk"Vªl×pkyukFkZe~ dwVuhrhuke~ fun'kZuefLrA vfLeÂkVosQ
pk.kD;L;kekR;jk{klL; p dwVuhR;ks% la?k"kZ%A
HkkofoLrkj%
pk.kD;& pk.kD;% ,d% fo}ku~ czkã.k% vklhr~A rL; fir`iznÙka uke fo".kqxqIr% vklhr~A
v;eso ^dkSfVY;* bfr ukEuk izfl¼%A osQ"kkf×pr~ fonq"kke~ bnefi erefLr ;r~ jktuhfr'kkL=ks
oqQfVyuhrs% izfr"Bkkiuk; rL;k% Lo&thous mi;ksxk; p v;a ^dkSfVY;%* bR;fi dF;rsA
p.kdukedL; dL;fpr~ vkpk;ZL; iq=kRokr~ ^pk.kD;%* bfr ukEuk l izfl¼% tkr%A uUnkuka
jkT;dky% 'kro"kkZf.k i;ZUre~ vklhr~A rs"kq vfUres"kq }kn'ko"ks"Z kq ,rsu lqekY;knhuke~ v"VuUnkuka
lagkj% dkfjr% rFkk p pUæxqIrekS;%Z u`iRosu jkt¯lgklus LFkkfir%A v;esd% egku~ jktuhfrK%
vklhr~A ,rsu Hkkjrh;'kkluO;oLFkk;k% izkekf.kdrÙokuka o.kZusu ;qDra ¶vFkZ'kkL=ke~¸ bfr
vfregÙoiw.kZ% xzUFk% jfpr%A
pUæxqIrekS;Z%& pUæxqIr% egkin~euUnL; eqjk;k% p iq=k% vklhr~A pk.kD;L; ekxZn'kZus
vusu prqfo±'kfro"kZi;ZUra jkT;a Ñre~A
jk{kl%& uUnjkK% LokfeHkDr% prqj% iz/kukekR;% vklhr~A
pUnunkl%& dqlqeiqj ukfEu uxjs egkekR;L; jk{klL; fiz;rea ik=ka fe=k×p vklhr~A l
ef.kdkj% Js"Bh p vklhr~A vL;So x`gkr~ jk{kl% lifjokj uxjkr~ cfgjxPNr~A
Hkkf"kd foLrkj%
1- i`Fko~Q vkSj fouk 'kCnksa osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k r`rh;k vkSj iapeh rhuksa foHkfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx&
;Fkk&tya fouk thoua u lEHkofrA f}rh;k
izk.ksH;ks¿fi fiz;% lqân~ 81

tysu fouk thoua u lEHkofrA r`rh;k


tykr~ fouk thoua u lEHkofrA iapeh
ifjJea i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A f}rh;k
ifjJes.k i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A r`rh;k
ifjJekr~ i`Fko~Q ukfLr lq[ke~A iapeh
2- vuh;j~ izR;;iz;ksx%
vR;knj% 'kVuh;%
tUrq'kkyk n'kZuh;k
;kposQH;% nkua nkuh;e~
osneU=kk% Lej.kh;k%
iqLrdesykiosQ iqLrdkfu Ø;.kh;kfuA
(d) vuh;j~ izR;;L; iz;ksx% ;ksX;kFksZ HkofrA
([k) vuh;j~ izR;;s ^vuh;* bfr vof'k";rsA
(x) vL; :ikf.k f=k"kq fyXs"kq pyfUrA
;Fkk & iq¡fYyXs L=khfyXs uiaqldfyXs
iBuh;% iBuh;k iBuh;e~
buosQ :i Øe'k% nsoor~] yrkor~ rFkk iQyor~ pysxsaA
3- mHk loZukeine~
iq¡fYyXs uiqaldfyXs L=khfyXs
mHkkS mHks mHks
mHkkS mHks mHks
mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~
mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~
mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~ mHkkH;ke~
mHk;ks% mHk;ks% mHk;ks%
mHk;ks% mHk;ks% mHk;ks%
82 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

n'ke% ikB%

vU;ksDr;%
vU;ksfDr vFkkZr~ fdlh dh iz'kalk vFkok fuUnk vizR;{k :i ls vFkok fdlh cgkus ls
djukA tc fdlh izrhd ;k ekè;e ls fdlh osQ xq.k dh iz'kalk ;k nks"k dh fuUnk dh tkrh
gS] rc og ikBdksa osQ fy, vf/d xzká gksrh gSA izLrqr ikB esa ,slh gh lkr vU;ksfDr;ksa
dk lVyu gS ftuesa jktgal] dksfdy] es?k] ekykdkj] ljksoj rFkk pkrd osQ ekè;e ls
ekuo dks ln~of` Ùk;ksa ,oa lRdeksZa osQ izfr izoÙ` k gksus dk lan's k fn;k x;k gSA
,osQu jktgalsu ;k 'kksHkk ljlks Hkosr~ A
u lk cdlgÏs.k ifjrLrhjokfluk AA1AA
HkqDrk e`.kkyiVyh Hkork fuihrk
U;Ecwfu ;=k ufyukfu fu"ksforkfu A
js jktgal! on rL; ljksojL;]
ÑR;su osQu Hkforkfl Ñrksidkj% AA 2AA
rks;SjYiSjfi d#.k;k HkheHkkukS funk?ks]
ekykdkj! O;jfp Hkork ;k rjksjL; iqf"V% A
lk fda 'kD;k tuf;rqfeg izko`"ks.;su okjka]
/kjklkjkufi fofdjrk fo'orks okfjnsu AA3AA
vkisfnjs¿EcjiFka ifjr% irXk%]
Hk`Xk jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;Urs A
lVkspe×pfr ljLRof; nhunhuks]
ehuks uq gUr dreka xfreH;qiSrq AA 4AA
vU;ksDr;% 83

,d ,o [kxks ekuh ous olfr pkrd% A


fiikflrks ok fez;rs ;kprs ok iqjUnje~ AA5AA
vk'okL; ioZroqQya riuks".krIr&
eqíkenkofo/qjkf.k p dkuukfu A
ukukunhun'krkfu p iwjf;Rok]
fjDrks¿fl ;Ttyn! lSo roksÙkek Jh% AA6AA
js js pkrd! lko/kueulk fe=k {k.ka Jw;rk&
eEHkksnk cgoks fg lfUr xxus losZ¿fi uSrkn`'kk% A
osQfpn~ o`f"VfHkjknzZ;fUr olq/ka xtZfUr osQfpn~ o`Fkk]
;a ;a i';fl rL; rL; iqjrks ek czwfg nhua op% AA7AA

'kCnkFkkZ%
ljl% & rMkxL; & rkykc dk
cdlglzs.k & cdkuka lglzs.k & gtkjksa cxqyksa ls
ifjr% & loZr% & pkjksa vksj
rhjokfluk & rVfuokfluk & rVoklh osQ }kjk
e`.kkyiVyh & deyukylewg% & deyuky dk lewg
fuihrkfu & fu% 'ks"ks.k ihrkfu & HkyhHkk¡fr ih;k x;k
vEcwfu & tykfu & ty
ufyukfu & deykfu & deyksa dks
fu"ksforkfu & lsforkfu & lsou fd;s x;s
Hkfork & Hkfo";fr & gksxk
ÑR;su & dk;sZ.k & dk;Z ls
Ñrksidkj% & Ñr% midkj% ;su l% & midkj fd;k gqvk(izR;qidkj
djus okyk)
84 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

rks;S% & tyS% & ty ls


HkheHkkukS & Hkhe%Hkkuq% ;fLeu~ & xzh"edky esa (lw;Z osQ vR;fèkd
l% HkheHkkuq% rfLeu~ rius ij)
funk?ks & xzh"edkys & xzh"edky esa
ekykdkj & gs ekykdkj! & gs ekyh!
iqf"V% & iq"Vrk] o`f¼% & iks"k.k
tuf;rqe~ & mRiknf;rqe~ & mRiUUk djus osQ fy,
izko`"ks.;su & o"kkZdkfyosQu & o"kkZdkfyd
okfjnsu & tynsu & ckny osQ }kjk
/kjklkjku~ & /kjk.kka vklkjku~ & /kjkvksa dk izokg
okjke~ & tykuke~ & tyksa osQ
fofdjrk & (tya)o"kZ;rk & (ty) cjlkrs gq,
vkisfnjs & izkIroUr% & izkIr dj fy,
vEcjiFke~ & vkdk'kekxZe~ & vkdk'k&ekxZ dks
irÄõk% & [kxk% & i{kh
Hk`Äõk% & Hkzejk% & HkkSajs] Hk¡ojs
jlkyeqoqQykfu & jlkykuka eqoqQykfu & vke dh e×tfj;ksa dks
lÄïkspe~ v×pfr & lVkspa xPNfr & laoqQfpr gksus ij
ehu% & eRL;% & eNyh
iqjUnje~ & bUnze~ & bUnz dks
ekuh & LokfHkekuh & LokfHkekuh
vH;qiSrq & izkIuksrq & izkIr djsa
vk'okL; & lek'okL; & larq"V djosQ
ioZroqQye~ & ioZrkuka oqQye~ & ioZrksa osQ lewg dks
riuks".krIre~ & riuL; m".ksu rIre~] & lw;Z dh xehZ ls ris gq, dks
míkenkofo/qjkf.k & mUurdk"Bjfgrkfu & m¡Qps dk"Bksa (o`{kksa) ls jfgr
dks
vU;ksDr;% 85

ukukunhun'krkfu & ukuk u|%]unkuka 'krkfu p & vusd ufn;ksa vkSj lSoQM+kas unksa
dks
dkuukfu & oukfu & ou
iwjf;Rok & iw.k± ÑRok & iw.kZ djosQ (Hkjdj)
fiikflr% & r`f"kr% & I;klk
lko/kueulk & è;kusu & è;ku ls
vEHkksnk% & es?kk% & ckny
xxus & vkdk'ks & vkdk'k esa
vknzZ;fUr & tysu Dysn;fUr & ty ls fHkxks nsrs gSa
olq/ke~ & i`Fohe~ & i`Foh dks
xtZfUr & xtZua (èofue~) oqQoZfUr & xtZuk djrs gSa
iqjr% & vxzs & vkxs] lkeus

lokZlke~ vU;ksDrhuke~ vUo;k%μ


1- ,osQu jktgalsu ljl% ;k 'kksHkk Hkosr~A ifjr% rhjokfluk cdlglzs.k lk ('kksHkk) u
(Hkofr)AA
2- ;=k Hkork e`.kkyiVyh HkqDrk] vEcwfu fuihrkfu ufyukfu fu"ksforkfuA js jktgal! rL;
ljksojL; osQu ÑR;su Ñrksidkj% Hkfork vfl] onAA
3- gs ekykdkj! HkheHkkukS funk?ks vYiS% rks;S% vfi Hkork d#.k;k vL; rjks% ;k iqf"V%
O;jfpA okjke~ izko`"ks.;su fo'or% /kjklkjku~ vfi fofdjrk okfjnsu bg tuf;rqe~ lk (iqf"V%)
fde~ 'kD;kAA
4- irXk% ifjr% vEcjiFke~ vkisfnjs] Hk`Xk% jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;UrsA lj% Rof; lVkspe~
v×pfr] gUr nhunhu% ehu% uq dreka xfre~ vH;qiSrqAA
5- ,d ,o ekuh [kx% pkrd% ous olfrA ok fiikflr% fez;rs iqjUnje~ ;kprs okAA
6- riuks".krIre~ ioZroqQye~ vk'okL; míkenkofo/qjkf.k dkuukfu p (vk'okL;) ukukunhun'krkfu
iwjf;Rok p gs tyn! ;r~ fjDr% vfl ro lk ,o mÙkek Jh%AA
86 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

7- js js fe=k pkrd! lko/kueulk {k.ka Jw;rke~] xxus fg cgo% vEHkksnk% lfUr] losZ vfi
,rkn`'kk% u (lfUr) osQfpr~ /fj.kha o`f"VfHk% vkæZ;fUr] osQfpn~ o`Fkk xtZfUr] (Roe~) ;a
;a i';fl rL; rL; iqjr% nhua op% ek czwfgAA

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[krμ
(d) ljl% 'kksHkk osQu Hkofr\
([k) pkrd% oaQ ;kprs\
(x) ehu% dnk nhuka xfra izkIuksfr\
(?k) dkfu iwjf;Rok tyn% fjDr% Hkofr\
(Ä) o`f"VfHk% olq/ka osQ vknzZ;fUr\

2- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfÄrï inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQjQrμ


(d) ekykdkj% rks;%S rjks% iqf"Va djksfrA
([k) Hk`Äõk% jlkyeqoqQykfu lekJ;UrsA
(x) irÄõk% vEcjiFke~ vkisfnjsA
(?k) tyn% ukukunhun'krkfu iwjf;Rok fjDrks¿fLrA
(Ä) pkrd% ous olfrA
(p) vEHkksnk% o`f"VfHk% olq/ka vknzZ;fUrA

3- mnkgj.keuql`R; lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ok oqQ#r&


(i) ;Fkk & vU;$ mDr;% ¾ vU;ksDr;%
(d) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ fuihrkU;Ecwfu
([k) ----------------- $ midkj% ¾ o`Qrksidkj%
(x) riu $ ----------------- ¾ riuks".krIre~
(?k) ro $ mÙkek ¾ -----------------
(Ä) u $ ,rkn`'kk% ¾ -----------------
vU;ksDr;% 87

(ii) ;Fkk & fiikflr% $ vfi ¾ fiikflrks¿fi


(d) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ dks¿fi
([k) ----------------- $ ----------------- ¾ fjDrks¿fl
(x) ehu% $ v;e~ ¾ -----------------
(?k) ----------------- $ vknZz;fUr ¾ o`f"VfHkjknzZ;fUr
(iii) ;Fkk & ljl% $ Hkosr~ ¾ ljlksHkosr~
(d) [kx% $ ekuh ¾ -----------------
([k) ----------------- $ uq ¾ ehuks uq

(iv) ;Fkk & eqfu% $ vfi ¾ eqfujfi


(d) rks;S% $ vYiS% ¾ --------------------
([k) -------------------- $ vfi ¾ vYiSjfi
(x) rjks% $ vfi ¾ --------------------
4- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krS% foxzginS% leLrinkfu jp;r&
foxzginkfu leLr inkfu
;Fkk & ihra p rr~ iVte~ ¾ ihriVte~
(d) jktk p vlkS gal% ¾ ------------------------------------
([k) Hkhe% p vlkS Hkkuq% ¾ ------------------------------------
(x) vEcje~ ,o iUFkk% ¾ ------------------------------------
(?k) mÙkek p b;e~ Jh% ¾ ------------------------------------
(Ä) lko/kua p rr~ eu%] rsu ¾ ------------------------------------

5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; fuEufyf[krkfHk% /krqfHk% lg ;FkkfufnZ"Vku~ izR;;ku~ la;Tq ; 'kCnjpuka


oqQ#r&
/krq% DRok Drorq rO;r~ vuh;j~
(d) iB~ ifBRok ifBroku~ ifBrO;% iBuh;%
([k) xe~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
88 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) fy[k~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------


(?k) Ñ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(Ä) xzg~ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(p) uh ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

6- ikBeuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka ewy'kCnkuka ;FkkfufnZ"Vs"kq foHkfDropus"kq :ikf.k fy[kr&


ewy'kCnk% foHkfDropus 'kCn:ikf.k
;Fkk & jktgal r`rh;Sdopus jktaglsu
(d) ,d (iq¡fYyX) r`rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
([k) r# "k"B~;Sdopus ----------------------------
(x) ou lIrE;Sdopus ----------------------------
(?k) iqjUnj f}rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
(Ä) d#.kk r`rh;Sdopus ----------------------------
(p) tyn lEcks/uSdopus ----------------------------
(N) ljl~ (lj%) "k"B~;Sdopus ----------------------------

7- v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd;ks% HkkokFk± fgUnhHkk"k;k vkaXyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&


(d) vkisfnjs ----------------------- dreka xfreH;qiSfrA
([k) vk'okL; ----------------------- lSo roksRrek Jh%AA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
ikBifjp;%
vU;s"kka Ñrs ;k mDr;% dF;Urs rk mDr;% (vU;ksDr;%) v=k ikBs lVfyrk orZUrsA vfLeu~
ikBs "k"B'yksde~ lIre'yksde~ p vfrfjP; ;s 'yksdk% lfUr rs if.MrjkttxUukFkL;
^Hkkfeuhfoykl* bfr xhfrdkO;kr~ lVfyrk% lfUrA "k"B% 'yksd% egkdfo ek?kL; ^f'k'kqikyoèke~*
bfr egkdkO;kr~ x`ghr% vfLrA lIre% 'yksd% egkdfoHkrZ̀gjs% uhfr'krdkr~ mn~/`r% vfLrA
vU;ksDr;% 89

dfoifjp;%
if.MrjkttxUukFk% laLÑrlkfgR;L; ew/ZU;% ljl'p dfo% vklhr~A l% 'kkgtgk¡ ukeosQu
eqxy 'kklosQu LojktlHkk;ka lEekfur%A if.MrjkttxUukFkL; =k;ksn'k Ñr;% izkI;UrsA (1)
xXkygjh (2) ve`rygjh (3) lq/kygjh (4) y{ehygjh (5) d#.kkygjh (6) vkliQfoykl%
(7) izk.kkHkj.ke~ (8) txnkHkj.ke~ (9) ;equko.kZue~ (10) jlxXk/j% (11) Hkkfeuhfoykl%
(12) euksjekoqQpenZue~ (13) fp=kehekalk[k.Mue~A ,rs"kq xzUFks"kq ^Hkkfeuhfoykl%* bfr rL;
fofo/i|kuka lXz g%A
egkdfoek?k%& egkdfoek?kL; ,deso egkdkO;a izkI;rs ¶f'k'kqikyo/e~¸ bfrA
HkrZ̀gfj%& egkdfoHkrZ̀gjs% =khf.k 'krdkfu lfUr] uhfr'krde~] Ük`Xkj'krde~ oSjkX;'krda pA
v/ksnÙkk% fofo/fo"k;dk% 'yksdk% vfi iBuh;k% Lej.kh;k'p&
gal% & gal% 'osr% cd% 'osr% dks Hksnks cdgal;ks% A
uhj{khjfoHkkxs rq galks gal% cdks cd% AA
,deso i;kZIre~ & ,osQukfi lqiq=ks.k ¯lgh Lofifr fuHkZ;e~ A
lgSo n'kfHk% iq=kS% Hkkja ogfr jklHkh AA
fid% & dkd% Ñ".k% fid% Ñ".k% dks Hksn% fiddkd;ks% A
olUrle;s izkIrs dkd% dkd% fid% fid% AA
pkrd o.kZue~ & ;|fi lfUr cgwfu ljkafl]
Loknq'khry lqjfHk i;kafl A
pkrdiksrLrnfi p rkfu]
R;DRok ;kpfr tyntykfu AA
90 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

,dkn'k% ikB%

fofp=k% lk{kh
izLrqr ikB Jh vkseizdk'k BkoqQj }kjk jfpr dFkk dk lEikfnr va'k gSA ;g dFkk
caxyk osQ izfl¼ lkfgR;dkj cafdepUnz pVthZ }kjk U;k;k/h'k&:i esa fn;s x;s
iSQlys ij vk/kfjr gSA lR;klR; osQ fu.kZ; gsrq U;k;k/h'k dHkh&dHkh ,slh ;qfDr;ksa
dk iz;ksx djrs gSa ftlls lk{; osQ vHkko esa Hkh U;k; gks losQA bl dFkk esa Hkh
fo}ku~ U;k;k/h'k us ,slh gh ;qfDr dk iz;ksx dj U;k; djus esa liQyrk ikbZ gSA
d'pu fu/Zuks tu% Hkwfj ifjJE; fdf×pn~ foÙkeqikftZroku~A rsu Loiq=ka ,dfLeu~
egkfo|ky;s izo's ka nkif;rqa liQyks tkr%A rÙku;% r=kSo Nk=kkokls fuolu~ vè;;us
layXu% leHkwrA~ ,dnk l firk ruwtL; #X.krkekd.;Z O;koqQyks tkr% iq=ka nz"Vqa
p izfLFkr%A ijeFkZdk';suZs ihfMr% l cl;kua fogk; inkfrjso izkpyr~A
inkfrØes.k lapyu~ lk;a le;s¿I;lkS xUrO;kn~ nwjs vklhr~A fu'kkUèkdkjs
izlr` s fotus izn's ks in;k=kk u 'kqHkkogkA ,oa fopk;Z l ik'oZfLFkrs xzkes jkf=kfuokla
dÙkq± df×pn~ x`gLFkeqikxr%A d#.kkijks x`gh rLeS vkJ;a izk;PNr~A
fofp=kk nSoxfr%A rL;keso jk=kkS rfLeu~ x`gs d'pu pkSj% x`gkH;Urja izfo"V%A
r=k fufgrkesdka e×tw"kke~ vknk; iykf;r%A pkSjL; iknèofuuk izc¼ q ks¿frfFk%
pkSj'kÄï;k reUo/kor~ vx`g~.kkPp] ija fofp=ke?kVrA pkSj% ,o mPpS%
Øksf'krqekjHkr ^^pkSjks¿;a pkSjks¿;e~** bfrA rL; rkjLojs.k izc¼ q k% xzkeokflu%
Lox`gkn~ fu"ØE; r=kkxPNu~ ojkdefrfFkeso p pkSja eRok¿HkRlZ;u~A ;|fi xzkeL;
vkj{kh ,o pkSj vklhr~A rR{k.keso j{kkiq#"k% re~ vfrfFka pkSjks¿;e~ bfr iz[;kI;
dkjkx`gs izkf{kir~A
fofp=k% lk{kh 91

vfxzes fnus l vkj{kh pkS;kZfHk;ksxs ra U;k;ky;a uhroku~A U;k;k/h'kks


cafdepUnz% mHkkH;ka i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q fooj.ka Jqroku~A lo± o`ÙkeoxR; l ra funks"Z ke~
veU;r vkjf{k.ka p nks"kHkktue~A fdUrq izek.kkHkkokr~ l fu.ksrZ aq uk'kDuksrA~ rrks¿lkS
rkS vfxzes fnus miLFkkrqe~ vkfn"Voku~A vU;s|%q rkS U;k;ky;s Lo&Lo&i{ka iqu%
LFkkfiroUrkSA rnSo df'pn~ r=kR;% deZpkjh lekxR; U;osn;r~ ;r~ br%
Øks'k};kUrjkys df'pTtu% osQukfi gr%A rL; e`r'kjhja jktekx± fud"kk orZrAs
vkfn';rka ¯d dj.kh;fefrA U;k;k/h'k% vkjf{k.ke~ vfHk;qDra p ra 'koa U;k;ky;s
vkusreq kfn"Voku~A
vkns'ka izkI; mHkkS izkpyrke~A r=kksiRs ; dk"BiVys fufgra iVkPNkfnra nsga
LdUèksu ogUrkS U;k;kf/dj.ka izfr izfLFkrkSA vkj{kh lqi"q Vnsg vklhr~] vfHk;qDr'p
vrho Ñ'kdk;%A Hkkjor% 'koL; LdUèksu ogua rRÑrs nq"dje~ vklhr~A l
Hkkjosnu;k ØUnfr LeA rL; ØUnua fu'kE; eqfnr vkj{kh reqokp&^js nq"V!
rfLeu~ fnus Ro;k¿ga pksfjrk;k e×tw"kk;k xzg.kkn~ okfjr%A bnkuha futÑR;L;
iQya HkqÄ{~ oA vfLeu~ pkS;kZfHk;ksxs Roa o"kZ=k;L; dkjkn.Ma yIL;ls** bfr izkPs ;
mPpS% vglr~A ;FkkdFkf×pn~ mHkkS 'koekuh; ,dfLeu~ pRojs LFkkfiroUrkSA
U;k;k/h'ksu iquLrkS ?kVuk;k% fo"k;s oDrqekfn"VkSA vkjf{kf.k futi{ka izLrqrofr

vk'p;Ze?kVr~ l 'ko% izkokjdeilk;Z U;k;k/h'kefHkok| fuosfnroku~& ekU;oj!


,rsu vkjf{k.kk vèofu ;nqDra rn~ o.kZ;kfe ^Ro;k¿ga pksfjrk;k% e×tw"kk;k%
92 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

xzg.kkn~ okfjr%] vr% futÑR;L; iQya HkqÄ{~ oA vfLeu~ pkS;kZfHk;ksxs Roa o"kZ=k;L;
dkjkn.Ma yIL;ls* bfrA
U;k;k/h'k% vkjf{k.ks dkjkn.Mekfn'; ra tua llEekua eqDroku~A
vr,oksP;rs & nq"djk.;fi dekZf.k efroSHko'kkfyu%A
uh¯r ;qfDra lekyEC; yhy;So izoQq oZrAs A

'kCnkFkkZ%

Hkwfj & i;kZIre~ & vR;f/d


mikftZroku~ & vftZroku~ & dek;k
fuolu~ & okla oqQoZu~ & jgrs gq,
izl`rs & foLr`rs & iSQyus ij
fotus izns'ks & ,dkUrizns'ks & ,dkUr izns'k esa
'kqHkkogk & dY;k.kiznk & dY;k.kdkjh
x`gh & x`gLokeh & x`gLFk
nSoxfr% & HkkX;fLFkfr% & HkkX; dh yhyk
iykf;r% & osxsu fuxZr%@iyk;uedjksr~ & Hkkx x;k] pyk x;k
izcq¼% & tkx`r% & tkxk gqvk
Rofjre~ & 'kh?kze~ & 'kh?kzxkeh
izfLFkr% & xr% & pyk x;k
vFkZdk';sZu & /uL; vHkkosu & /ukHkko osQ dkj.k
inkfrjso & iknkH;ke~ ,o & iSny gh
iqal% & iq#"kL; & euq"; dk
fufgrke~ & LFkkfirke~ & j[kh gqbZ
vUo/kor~ & vUoxPNr~ & ihNs&ihNs x;k
Øksf'krqe~ & phRdrqZe~ & tksj tksj ls dgus@fpYykus
fofp=k% lk{kh 93

rkjLojs.k & mPPkLojs.k & Å¡ph vkokt esa


vHkRlZ;u~ & HkRlZuke~ voqQoZu~ & Hkyk&cqjk dgk
iz[;kI; & LFkkI; & LFkkfir djosQ
pkS;kZfHk;ksxs & pkSjdeZf.k pkS;nZ ks"kkjksis & pksjh osQ vkjksi esa
uhroku~ & vu;r~ & ys x;k
voxR; & KkRok & tkudj
nks"kHkktue~ & nks"kik=ke~ & nks"kh
miLFkkrqe~ & miLFkkif;rqe~ & mifLFkr gksus osQ fy,
vkjf{k.ke~ & lSfude~ (j{kd iq#"k) & lSfud
vkfn"Voku~ & vkKka nÙkoku~ & vkKk nh
LFkkfiroUrkS & LFkkiuka ÑroUrkS & LFkkiuk djosQ
r=kR;% & r=k Hko% & ogk¡ dk
U;osn;r~ & izkFkZ;r~ & izkFkZuk dh
Øks'k};kUrjkys & };ks% Øks'k;ks% eè;s & nks dksl osQ eè;
vkfn';rke~ & vkns'ka nh;rke~ & vkKk nhft,
misR; & lehia xRok & ikl tkdj
dk"BiVys & dk"BL; iVys & ydM+h osQ r[rs ij
fufgre~ & LFkkfire~ & j[kk x;k
iVkPNkfnre~ & oL=ks.kko`re~ & diM+s ls <dk gqvk
ogUrkS & /kj;UrkS & /kj.k djrs gq,] ogu djrs gq,
Ñ'kdk;% & nqcZya 'kjhje~ & detksj 'kjhjokyk
Hkkjor% & Hkkjokfgu% & Hkkjokgh
Hkkjosnu;k & HkkjihM;k & Hkkj dh ihM+k ls
ØUnue~ & jksnue~ & jksus dks
94 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

fu'kE; & JqRok & lqu djosQ


eqfnr% & izlÂ% & izlÂ
HkqÄ~{o & vuqHkorq & vuqHko djks
pRojs & prqekZx@Zs prqLFks & pkSjkgs ij
yIL;ls & izkIL;ls & izkIr djksxs
izkokjde~ & mÙkjh;oL=ke~ & ycknk
vilk;Z & viok;Z & nwj djosQ
vfHkok| & vfHkoknua ÑRok & vfHkoknu djosQ
vèofu & ekxsZ & jkLrs esa
;nqDre~ & ;r~ dfFkre~ & tks dgk x;k
okfjr% & fuokfjr% & jksdk x;k
eqDroku~ & vR;tr~ & NksM+ fn;k
lekyEC; & vkJ;a x`ghRok & lgkjk ysdj
yhy;So & dkSrqosQu (lqxer;k) & [ksy&[ksy esa
vkfn'; & vkns'ka nRok & vkns'k nsdj

vH;kl%

1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr&


(d) fu/Zu% tu% dFka foÙke~ mikftZroku~\
([k) tu% fdeFk± inkfr% xPNfr\
(x) izl`rs fu'kkUèkdkjs l fde~ vfpUr;r~\
(?k) oLrqr% pkSj% d% vklhr~\
(Ä) tuL; ØUnua fu'kE; vkj{kh fdeqDroku~\
(p) efroSHko'kkfyu% nq"djkf.k dk;kZf.k dFka lkèk;fUr\
fofp=k% lk{kh 95

2- js[kkfÄïrinekèk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&


(d) iq=ka nzq"Vqa l% izfLFkr%A
([k) d#.kkijks x`gh rLeS vkJ;a izk;PNr~A
(x) pkSjL; iknèofuuk vfrfFk% izcq¼%A
(?k) U;k;k/h'k% cafdepUnz% vklhr~A
(Ä) l Hkkjosnu;k ØUnfr LeA
(p) mHkkS 'koa pRojs LFkkfiroUrkSA

3- l¯U/@lfU/foPNsna p oqQ#r&
(d) inkfrjso & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
([k) fu'kkU/dkjs & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(x) vfHk $ vkxre~ & ------------------------------------------------
(?k) Hkkstu $ vUrs & ------------------------------------------------
(Ä) pkSjks¿;e~ & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(p) x`g $ vH;Urjs & ------------------------------------------------
(N) yhy;So & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(t) ;nqDre~ & ---------------------- $ ----------------------
(>) izcq¼% $ vfrfFk% & ------------------------------------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu fHkUu&fHkÂizR;;kUrkfu lfUrA rkfu i`Fko~Q ÑRok fufnZ"Vkuka


izR;;kuke/% fy[kr&
ifjJE;] mikftZroku~] nkif;rqe]~ izfLFkr%] nz"Vqe]~ fogk;] i`"Voku~] izfo"V%] vknk;] Øksf'krqe]~
fu;qDr%] uhroku~] fu.ksZrqe~] vkfn"Voku~] lekxR;] fu'kE;] izksP;] vilk;ZA
Y;i~ Dr Drorq rqequ~
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
96 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

5- fHkÂizÑfroaQ ina fpuqr&


(d) fofp=kk] 'kqHkkogk] 'kÄï;k] e×tw"kk
([k) d'pu] fdf×pr~] Rofjra] ;nqDre~
(x) iq=k%] ru;%] O;koqQy] ruwt%
(?k) d#.kkij%] vfrfFkijk;.k%] izcq¼%] tu%

6- (d) ^fud"kk* ^izfr* bR;u;ks% 'kCn;ks% ;ksxs f}rh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA mnkgj.keuqlR` ;


f}rh;k&foHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r&
;Fkk& jktekx± fud"kk e`r'kjhja orZrsA
(d) ----------------- fud"kk unh ogfr (xzke)A
([k) ----------------- fud"kk vkS"k/ky;aa orZrsA (uxj)
(x) rkS ----------------- izfr izfLFkrkSA (U;k;kf/dkfju~)
(?k) eksgu% ----------------- izfr xPNfrA (x`g)

([k) dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq ins"kq ;FkkfufnZ"Vka foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


(d) l% ----------------- fu"ØE; cfgjxPNr~A (x`g 'kCns iapeh)
([k) pkSj'akd;k vfrfFk% ----------------- vUo/kor~A (pkSj'kCns f}rh;k)
(x) x`gLFk% ----------------- vkJ;a izk;PNr~A (vfrfFk 'kCns prqFkhZ)
(?k) rkS ----------------- izfr izfLFkrkSA (U;k;k/h'k 'kCns f}rh;k)

7- vèkksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu cgqopus ifjorZ;r&


(d) l cl;kua fogk; inkfrjso xUrqa fu'p;a Ñroku~A
([k) pkSj% xzkes fu;qDr% jktiq#"k% vklhr~A
(x) d'pu pkSj% x`gkH;Urja izfo"V%A
(?k) vU;s|q% rkS U;k;ky;s Lo&Lo&i{ka LFkkfiroUrkSA
fofp=k% lk{kh 97

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(d) fofp=k% lk{kh
U;k;ks Hkofr izek.kk/hu%A izek.ka fouk U;k;a drq± u dks¿fi {ke% loZ=kA U;k;ky;s¿fi
U;k;k/h'kk% ;fLeu~ dfLeÂfi fo"k;s izek.kkHkkos u leFkkZ% HkofUrA vr,o]
vfLeu~ ikBs pkS;kZfHk;ksxs U;k;k/h'k% izFker% lk{;a (izek.ke~) fouk fu.ksrZ aq uk'kDuksrA~
vijs|%q ;nk l 'ko% U;k;k/h'ka lo± fuosfnroku~ lizek.ka rnk l% vkjf{k.ks
dkjkn.Mekfn'; ra tua llEekua eqDroku~A vL; ikBL; v;eso lUns'k%A
([k) efroSHko'kkfyu%
cqf¼lEifÙk lEiÂk%A ;s fo}kal% cqf¼Lo:ifoHko;qDrk% rs efroSHko'kkfyu% HkofUrA
rs ,o cqf¼pkrq;cZ ysu vlEHkodk;kZf.k vfi ljyr;k oqQoZfUrA
(x) l 'ko%
U;k;k/h'k cafdepUnzegksn;S% v=k izek.kL; vHkkos fdefi izPNÂ% tu% lk{;a
izkIrqa fu;qDr% tkr%A ;n~ ?kfVreklhr~ l% lo± lR;a KkRok lk{;a izLrqroku~A
ikBs¿fLeu~ 'ko% ,o ^fofp=k% lk{kh* L;kr~A

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%
mikftZroku~ & mi $ √ vt~Z $ Y;qV~] ;qp~ ok
nkif;rqe~ & √nk $ f.kp~ $ rqequ~

vnl~ (;g) iq¡fYyX loZuke 'kCn


foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek vlkS vew veh
f}rh;k veqe~ vew vewu~
98 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

r`rh;k vequk vewH;ke~ vehfHk%


prqFkhZ veq"eS vewH;ke~ vehH;%
iapeh veq"ekr~ vewH;ke~ vehH;%
"k"Bh veq"; veq;ks% veh"kke~
lIreh veqf"eu~ veq;ks% veh"kq
vèou~ (ekxZ) udkjkUr iq¡fYyÄõ
foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~
izFkek vèok vèokukS vèoku%
f}rh;k vèokue~ vèokukS vèou%
r`rh;k vèouk vèoH;ke~ vèofHk%
prqFkhZ vèous vèoH;ke~ vèoH;%
iapeh vèou% vèoH;ke~ vèoH;%
"k"Bh vèou% vèouks% vèouke~
lIreh vèofu vèouks% vèolq
lEcks/u gs vèou~! gs vèokukS! gs vèou%!
}kn'k% ikB%

thoua foHkoa fouk


izLrqr ikB tuthou ls lEc¼ dqN jkspd ,oa ekfeZd i|ksa dk ladyu gSA buesa
tulkekU; fo'ks"kr% nfjnz yksxksa dh ihM+k ls nzohHkwr dfo;ksa osQ mn~xkj gSAa bu
'yksdksa esa nfjnzrk dk vR;Ur eeZLi'khZ fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA
lDrwu~ 'kkspfr lEIyqrku~ izfrdjksR;kozQUnrks ckydku~
izR;qfRl×pfr diZj.s k lfyya 'kÕ;kr`.ka j{kfrA
nRok ew/fZ u 'kh.kZ'kwi'Z kdya th.ksZ x`gs O;koqQyk
¯d rn~ ;Â djksfr nq%[kx`fg.kh nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr AA1AA

v|k'kua f'k'kqtuL; cysu tkra


'oks ok dFka uq Hkforsfr fofpUr;UrhA
bR;Jqikrefyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk
uSPNn~ nfjnzxf` g.kh jtuhfojkee~ AA2AA
100 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

izk;ks nfjnzf'k'ko% ijefUnjk.kka


}kjs"kq nÙkdjiYyoyhunsgk%A
yTTkkfuxw<oplks cr HkksDrqdkek
HkksDRkkje/Zu;usu foyksd;fUr AA3AA

dUFkk[k.Mfena iz;PN ;fn ok LokÄsï x`gk.kkHkZoQa ]


fjDra Hkwrye=k ukFk Hkor% i`"Bs iykyksPp;%A
nEiR;ksfuZf'ktYirksfjfrop% JqRoSo pkSjLrnk
yC/a diZVeU;rLrnqifj f{kIRok #nfUuxZr% AA4AA
glfr glfr LokfeU;qPpS #nR;fi jksfnfr
o`Qrifjdj% Losnksnx~ kja iz/kofr /kofrA
xq.kleqfnra nks"kksis rs a izfuUnfr fuUnfr
/uyoifjØhrks Hk`R;% izuR` ;fr u`R;fr AA5AA
jk=kkS tkuqfnZok Hkkuq% o`Q'kkuq% lUè;;ks};
Z ks%
bRFka 'khra e;k uhra tkuqHkkuqoQ` 'kkuqfHk% AA 6AA
thoua foHkoa fouk 101

'kCnkFkkZ%

lDrwu~ & HkwftZrL; p.kdL; pw.kZe~ & lÙkw dks


'kkspfr & fpUr;fr & fpark djrh gS
lEIyqrku~ & vknzkZu~ & Hkhxs gq, dks
vkozQUnrks & ozQUnua oqQoZr~ & jksrs gq, dks
izfrdjksfr & 'kkE;fr & pqi djkrh gS
diZjs.k & HkXu ikËs.k & VwVs crZu ds VqdM+s ls
izR;qfRl×pfr & 'kks"k;fr & lq[kkrh gS@myhp jgh gS
lfyye~ & tye~ & ty dks
'kÕ;kr`.ke~ & r`.kS% fufeZrka 'kÕ;ke~ & iqvky dk cuk fcLrj
ew/Zfu & f'kjfl & flj ij
'kh.kZ'kwiZ'kdye~ & th.kZ'kwiZ[k.Me~ & VwVs&iwQVs lwi ds VqdM+s dks
th.ksZ & izkphus & iqjkus
Hk`'ka & vR;Ure~ & vR;f/oQ
v'kue~ & Hkkstue~ & Hkkstu
efyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk & efyudiksyizns'kk% & ftlds xky efyu gks x,
gSaA
jtuhfojkee~ & jk=;k% vUrs & jkf=k dh lekfIr
ijefUnjk.kke~ & ijHkoukuke~ & nwljksa ds ?kjksa dk
nÙkdjiYyuyhunsgk% & fufgrdjfdly;xksfirdk;k% & gFksyh ls eq[k fNik, gq,
yTtkfuxw<opl% & yTtkfoo`r'kCnk% & yTtko'k ftlds opu ugha
fudy jgs
vèkZu;usu & v/Zfuehfyrus=ks.k & v/eq¡nh vk¡[kksa ls
HkksDrkje~ & Hkkstua oqQokZ.ka & Hkkstu djus okyksa dks
foyksd;fUr & i';fUr & ns[krs gSa
102 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

dUFkk & th.kZoLËs.k fufeZra vkLrj.ke~ & dFkjh


iz;PN & nsfg & nks
LokMïs & LoozQksMs & viuh xksn esa
vHkZde~ & ckye~ & cPps dks
Hkwrye~ & Hkwferye~ & /jrh
iykyksPp;% & iykylaxzg% & iqvky dk <sj
nEiR;ks% & ifr&iRU;ks% & ifr&iRuh dh
fuf'k & jk=kkS & jkr esa
tYirks% & xYirks% & ckr djrs gq, (nks dks)
diZVe~ & th.kZoL=ke~ & pknj] th.kZ'kh.kZ diM+k
fuxZr% & cfgxZr% & fudy x;k
ifjdj% & dfVHkkxe~ & dej
Losnksn~xkje~ & LosnL; JefoUnks% mn~xkje~ & ilhus dk fudyuk
nks"kksisre~ & nks"klfgre~@fuxZeue~ & nks"keqDr
/uyoifjØhr% & vYi/usuozQhr% & FkksM+s /u ls [kjhnk gqvk
Hk`R;% & ifjpkjd% & ukSdj
tkuq% & 'kjhjko;ofo'ks"k% & ?kqVuk
Hkkuq% & jfo% & lw;Z
o`Q'kkuq% & ikod% & vfXu

vUo;k%
1- nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr (lfr) th.ksZ x`gs O;koqQyk nq%[kx`fg.kh 'kh.kZ'kwiZ'kdya ew/Zfu nRok rr~
¯d ;r~ u djksfrμ
lEIyqrku~ lDrwu~ 'kkspfr vkozQUnRk% ckydku~ izfrdjksfr diZjs.k lfyya izR;qfRl×pfr
'kÕ;kr`.ka (p) j{kfrA
2- v| cysu f'k'kqtuL; v'kua tkre~ 'o% dFka ok uq Hkfork bfr fofpUr;Urh
vJqikrefyuho`Qrx.Mns'kk nfjnzx`fg.kh jtuhfojkea u ,sPNr~A
thoua foHkoa fouk 103

3- cr~ izk;% ijefUnjk.kka }kjs"kq nÙkdjiYyoyhunsgk% yTtkfuxw<opl% HkksDrqdkek nfjnzf'k'ko%


HkksDrkje~ v/Zu;usu foyksd;fUrA
4- gs ukFk! bna dUFkk[kMa iz;PN] ;fn ok LokVs (LoL; ozQksaMs) vHkZda (f'k'kqa) x`gk.k] v=k
Hkwrya fjDra Hkor% i`"Bs iykyksPp;%A fuf'k tYirks% nEiR;ks% bfr op% JqRok ,o rnk
vU;r% yC/a diZVe~ rnqifj f{kIRok #nu~ pkSj% fuxZr%A
5- /uyoifjozQhr% Hk`R;% Lokfefu glfr glfr (Lokfefu)] #nfr mPpS% jksfnfr] /kofr
o`Qrifjdj% Losnksn~xkja iz/kofr xq.kleqfnra nks"kksisra (ok) fuUnfr izfuUnfr] u`R;fr
izu`R;frA
6- jk=kkS tkuq% fnok Hkkuq% };ks% LkUè;;ks% (izkr% lk;×p) o`Q'kkuq% μ bRFka tkuq Hkkuqo`Q'kkuqfHk%
e;k 'khra uhre~A

fgUnh vFkZ
1- bUnz nso osQ vR;f/d o"kkZ djus ij ijs'kku x`fg.kh VwVs lwi osQ VwdM+s dks flj ij ysdj
D;k ,slk gS tks ugha djrhA (fodyrko'k lcdqN djrh gS)μHkhxs gq, lÙkw dh fpark
djrh gS] jksrs gq, cPpksa dks pqi djkrh gS] VwVs crZu osQ VqdM+s ls ikuh myhpdj ckgj
isaQdrh gS] r`.k ds cus fcLrj (iqvky osQ fcLrj) dh j{kk djrh gSA
2- vkt rks iz;RuiwoZd cPpksa dk Hkkstu gks x;k] dy fdl izdkj mudk Hkkstu gks ik,xk]
;g lksprh gqbZ] jksus ls ftlosQ xky efyu gks x, gSa ,slh xjhc dh iRuh ugha pkgrh
gS fd jkr chrsA
3- izk;% nwljksa osQ ?kjksa osQ njokts ij nksuksa gkFk j[kdj ftlosQ dkj.k mudk 'kjhj fNi
x;k gS vkSj opu yTtko'k fuxw<+ gks x, gSa (fNi x, gSa)] vkokt ugha fudy ikrhA
[ksn gS Hkkstu dh bPNk j[kus okys xjhcksa osQ ,sls cPps ([kkus okyksa dks) v/[kqyh
vk¡[kksa ls vFkkZr~ VdVdh yxk dj ns[k jgs gSaA
4- eq>s ;g dUFkk[kaM (dFkjh dk VqdM+k) ns nks ;k viuh xksn esa (esjs) cPps dks ys yks
(D;kssafd) ;gk¡ /jrh [kkyh gS (tehu ij fcLrj ugha gS) rqEgkjh ihB osQ uhps iqvky
dk <sj gSμbl izdkj jkf=k esa ifr&iRuh dh ckrphr lqudj nwljs (?kj) ls izkIr pknj
dks mlds mQij isaQddj jksrk gqvk pksj fudy x;kA
104 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

5- vR;Yi /u ls [kjhns gq, ukSdj ekfyd ds g¡lus ij g¡lrs gSa] jksus ij tksj ls jksrs gSa]
Lokeh osQ nkSM+us ij tksj ls dej ij gkFk j[k dj ilhuk fudkyrs gq, nkSM+rs gSa]
xq.koku~ gks ;k nks"kjfgr (Lokeh osQ) fuUnk djus ij vf/d fuUnk djrs gSa] (muosQ)
ukpus ij tksj ls ukprs gSaA
6- esjs }kjk jkr ?kqVuksa osQ lgkjs] fnu lw;Z (dh xehZ) osQ lgkjs nksuksa lUè;k;sa vfXu osQ
lgkjs fcrkbZ xbZA bl izdkj ?kqVus] lw;Z vkSj vfXu osQ lgkjs tkM+s ds fnu fcrk,A

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[krμ


(d) nfjnzx`fg.kh jtuhfojkea fdeFk± usPNfr\
([k) ijefUnjk.kka }kjs"kq osQ foyksd;fUr\
(x) pkSj% ¯d JqRok #nfUuxZr%\
(?k) Lokfefu glfr d% glfr\
(Ä) nsos Hk`'ka o"kZfr lfr nq[k%x`fg.kh ¯d djksfr\

2- js[kkfÄrï inek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#rμ


(d) Hk`R;% Lokfefu jksfnfr jksfnfrA
([k) f'k'kqtuL; v| v'kua tkre~A
(x) f'k'ko% v/Zu;usu foyksd;fUrA
(?k) ekrk vkozQUnr% ckydku~ izfrdjksfrA
(Ä) pkSj% diZVe~ f{kIRok fuxZr%A

3- laf/a@foPNsna ok oqQ#rμ
(d) ;Â -------------------- $ -------------------- A
([k) usPNr~ -------------------- $ -------------------- A
thoua foHkoa fouk 105

(x) -------------------- & Lo $ vÄAïs


(?k) -------------------- & JqRok $ ,oA
(Ä) nks"kksisre~ & -------------------- $ -------------------- A

4- vusds"kka 'kCnkuka o`Qrs leqfpre~ ,dina (lEkLrina) fy[krμ


(d) /uyosu ifjdhr% μ --------------------
([k) yTt;k fuxw<+k% opkafl ;s"kke~ rs"kke~ μ --------------------
(x) vJqikrsu efyuho`Qr% x.Mns'k% ;L;k% lk μ --------------------
(?k) o`Qr% ifjdj%;su l% μ --------------------

5- ikBek/`R; v/ksfyf[krkUo;s fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&


/uyoifjozQhr% Hk`R;% Lokfefu -------------- glfr (Lokfefu) jksfnfr -------------- èkkofr
-------------- Losnksn~xkja iz/kofr xq.kleqfnra nks"kksisra ok fuUnfr -------------- u`R;fr --------------A

6- v/ksfyf[krku~ inku~ iz;qT; laLo`Qrsu okD;jpuka oqQ#rμ


(d) f'k'ko% --------------------
([k) Hkkuq% --------------------
(x) lfyye~ --------------------
(?k) jtuh --------------------
(Ä) x`fg.kh --------------------

7- ewy/krqa iq#"ka opua p fy[krμ


/krq iq#"k opu
(d) 'kkspfr ------- ------- -------
([k) o"kZfr ------- ------- -------
(x) jksfnfr ------- ------- -------
(?k) /kofr ------- ------- -------
(Ä) u`R;fr ------- ------- -------
106 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~
1- nkfjnz;a ihMknk;oaQ Hkofr bfr eRok nkfjnz~;fuokj.kk; iz;Ru% dÙkZO;% nkfjnz;e~ fuUnuh;e~
ok\μLofopkjku~ LoHkk"k;k fy[krA
2- Roa dL;kfi fu/ZuNk=kL; lgk;rka dFka dfj";fl&LoHkk"k;k fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

laLo`Qr lkfgR; dh fodkl ;k=kk esa osn ls ysdj v|kof/ ,d lfozQ; dkO;ijaijk py jgh gS]
ftls ge yksd/ehZ dkO; dgrs gSaA ;g dkO; ijaijk jktlHkk dh ladjh nqfu;k ds ckgj Hkkjrh;
turk osQ fojkV lalkj ls mith FkhA dqN vuke vkSj vutkus dfo njckj dh foykflrk vkSj
pkdfpD; dkfeuh dk lkSan;Zfoykl ;k HkfDr dh 'kkUr lfjrk esa voxkgu ls vyx gVdj
lkekU; tu&thou esa vkus okyh leL;k,¡] muls tw>rs yksxksa dh nqjoLFkkvksa dk ;FkkFkZ o.kZu djrs
jgs gSa vkSj muds ekè;e ls rRdkyhu lkekftd vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd fLFkfr;ksa dk ;FkkrF; fp=k.k djrs
jgs gSaA bl rjg ds dqN 'yksd ifBrO; gSaμ

1- dnkfpr~ d"Vsu nzfo.ke/ekjk/uo'kk &


Ue;k yC/a Lrks oaQ fufgreoukS rLdjo'kkr~
rrks fuR;s df'pn~n/nfi rnk[kqfcZyx`gs
u;YyC/ks¿I;FkksZ u Hkofr ;nk deZfo"kee~ AA

2- ,rs nfjnzf'k'koLruqth.kZdUFkka
LdU/s fuèkk; efyuka iqydkoqQyk
lw;ZLiqQjr~djdnfEcrfHkfÙkns'k
ykHkk; 'khrle;s dfyekpjfUr A

3- yXu% 'k`Äõ;qxs x`gh lru;ks o`ènkS xq:ik'oZ;ks% A


iqPNkxzs x`fg.kh [kqjs"kq f'k'koks yXu% o/w% dEcys A
,d% 'kh.kZtjn~xoks fof/o'kkr~ loZLoHkwrks x`gs
loSZjso oqQVqEcosQu #nrk lqIr% leqRFkkI;rs AA
thoua foHkoa fouk 107

4- lq[ka fg nq%[kkÂuqHkw;'kksHkrs
?kukU/dkjsf"oo nhin'kZue~
lq[kkRrq ;ks ;kfr ujks nfjnzrka
/`r% 'kjhjs.k e`r% l thofrAA
è;krO; μ egkdfo 'kwnzd o`Qr izfl¼ lkekftd izdj.k ^e`PNdfVde~* Nk=kksa dks vo'; i<+uk
pkfg, ftlesa nkfjnz~; osQ lgt fp=k.k osQ vfrfjDr lekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa@folaxfr;ksa dk ;FkkFkZ
fp=k.k gSA
rRle&rn~Hko 'kCn
rRle rn~Hko
dUFkk dFkjh
vJq vk¡lw
x.M xky
yTtk ykt
iyky iqvky
pkSj% pksj
108 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%
eÄõye~
˙ rPp{kqnsZofgra iqjLrkPNqØeqPpjr~ A
i';s e 'kjn% 'kra thos e 'kjn% 'kre~ A
Ük`.kq;ke 'kjn% 'kra izczoke 'kjn% 'kre~ A
vnhuk% L;ke 'kjn% 'kre~A Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~ AA1AA
(;tqosZn 36-24)
vk uks Hknzk% Øroks ;Urq fo'orks&
¿nC/klks vijhrkl mn~fHkn% A
nsok uks ;Fkk lnfen~ o`/s¿lu~&
vizk;qoks jf{krkjks fnosfnos AA2AA
(½Xosn 1-89-1)

HkkokFkZ%
nsoksa }kjk fu:fir ;g 'kqDy o.kZ dk us=k :i (lw;Z) iwoZ fn'kk esa mQij mB pqdk
gSA ge lc lkS o"kks± rd ns[krs jgsa] lkS o"kks± rd thrs jgsaA lkS o"kks± rd lqurs jgsa]
lkS o"kks± rd 'kq¼ :i ls cksyrs jgsaA lkS o"kks± rd LokoyEch (vnhu) cus jgsaA vkSj
;g lc lkS o"kks± ls Hkh vf/d pyrk jgs AA1AA
gekjs ikl pkjksa vksj ls ,sls dY;k.kdkjh fopkj vkrs jgas tks fdlh ls u ncsa] mUgsa
dgha ls ckf/r u fd;k tk losQ (vijhrkl%) ,oe~ vKkr fo"k;ksa dks izdV djus
okys (mn~fHkn%) gksaA izxfr dks u jksdus okys (vizk;qo%) rFkk lnSo j{kk esa rRij
nsox.k izfrfnu gekjh o`f¼ osQ fy, rRij jgsa AA2AA

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