Summers 1 Thomas Summers Dr.

Kelli Hefner ORIN 100 2 September 2012 Listening, Taking Notes, and Remembering Chapter Review Chapter Review for Chapter Four 1) Describe the four steps of active listening. Focus on what is being said, giving the speaker your undivided attention and clearing your mind of anything else. Repeat what you just heard, confirming with the speaker that what you heard is what he or she said. Ask the speaker to expand or clarify any points you are unsure you understand. Look for nonverbal signals such as facial expressions, body positioning, arm gestures, and tone of voice, as well as the words used. Listen for requests as a speaker will often hide a request as a statement of a problem. 2) How is listening defined? Listening is defined as purposefully focusing on what a speaker is saying with the objective of understanding. 3) List three things you should do to prepare to listen in class. One, get your mind in the right space by preparing yourself mentally to receive the information the teacher is presenting by following previous work and doing assignments. Two, sit in the front of the classroom as it allows you to focus, listen, and do notes easier. Three, skim or review the material before class so as to be acquainted with what is going to be discussed for that given class. 4) Where should you sit in a class? Why? Sit towards the front of the room where you can make eye contact with the instructor easily. Most instructors read the body language of the students in the front row to see how the classis is doing and if they are losing the class. Instructors also think that people who sit up near the front are more serious about the subject and will give help or benefit of the doubt more willingly to those students.

Summers 2 5) What should you do with your notes soon after each class? As soon as possible after class, the same day being the best, it is important to review the notes you took, fill in gaps in the notes, clean up or redraw the diagrams, and write a summary of the main ideas of the class. 6) Why do you think the Cornell method of note taking is recommended by so many colleges? It is recommended by most colleges because of its usefulness and flexibility. This method is simple to use for capturing notes, is helpful for defining priorities, and is a very helpful study tool, allowing easy study points along with more detailed notes on a given paper. 7) How do short-term and long-term memory differ? Short-term memory is made up of the information we are processing at any given time. It involves information being captured at the moment as well as from information retrieved from our passive memory for doing complex mental tasks; however, short term memory is limited and suffers from the passing of time and lack of use. Long-term memory, through means of repetition, mnemonic devices, imagery, image sorting, and chunking, is made up of information we are storing for much longer times and may be retrieved through the process of recall. 8) List three ways in which you can create links to help remember ideas. You can link the information leaned to your everyday life; you can link the information to other information you already have stored away in long-term memory; you can mentally group similar individual into buckets or chunks. 9) Why is multitasking dangerous to memorization? Memorization requires information to transition from short-term to long-term memory. The brain begins to forget data within thirty seconds of not using it, and interruptions and multitasking force us to rebuild the short-term memory structure in order to get back to the memorization process. As such, multitasking impairs memorization. 10) What is a mnemonic? A mnemonic is a trick for memorizing lists and data. They create artificial but strong links to the data, making recall easier. The most commonly used mnemonic devices are acronyms, acrostics, rhymes, and jingles.