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Ryton Mechanical Properties
Ryton Mechanical Properties
Table of Contents
Tensile Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Poissons Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Modulus of Elasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Flexural Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Flexural Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Rockwell Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Izod Impact Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Compressive Yield Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Shear Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Apparent Creep Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Abrasion Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Coefficient of Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Deformation Under Compressive Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Resistance to Compressive Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
This document reports accurate and reliable information to the best of our knowledge, but our suggestions and recommendations cannot be guaranteed because the conditions of use are beyond our control. Information presented herein is given without reference to any patent questions which may be encountered in the use thereof. Such questions should be investigated by those using this information. Phillips Petroleum Company assumes no responsibility for the use of information presented herein and hereby disclaims all liability in regard to such use.
For more information and technical assistance contact: Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, LP P.O. Box 3766 Houston, TX 77253-3766 1-877-798-6666
1629-95 K 01
The tensile strengths of several Ryton PPS compounds were determined at various temperatures ranging from 0 to 500F. The data illustrated in Figure 1 include the following grades of Ryton PPS: R-4, R-4 02XT, R-4 04, R-7, A-200 and R-10 7006A. Test specimen molding conditions for all grades were stock temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F. Figure 2 illustrates the typical stress/strain curves at room temperature for Ryton PPS R-4, R-4XT, R-4 02XT, R-4 04, R-7 and A-200.
Figure 1 Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength
30 30
Ryton R-4
TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
30
30
Ryton R-7
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
Ryton R-4 04
TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 25 20 15 10 5 0
Ryton A-200
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
Mechanical Properties
Ryton R-4
28.0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 ELONGATION, % 32.0 32.0 ELONGATION AT BREAK TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Ryton R-4 XT
ELONGATION AT BREAK
1.2
1.4
1.6
ELONGATION, %
Ryton R-4 04
ELONGATION AT BREAK
1.2
1.4
1.6
ELONGATION, %
Ryton R-7
28.0 TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi TENSILE STRENGTH, Ksi 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 ELONGATION, % 28.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 12.0 8.0 4.0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Ryton A-200
ELONGATION AT BREAK
ELONGATION AT BREAK
1.2
1.4
1.6
ELONGATION, %
Poissons Ratio
The Poissons ratio is defined by the change in width divided by the change in length during tensile testing. The Poissons ratio is an inherent test for plastic materials and is used extensively in part design. The Ryton PPS compounds range from 0.357 to 0.396 in Poissons ratio and an isotopic, incompressible material is 0.5. The Poissons ratio increases with temperature.
Table I Poisson's Ratio for Ryton PPS Compounds Grade R-4 R-4XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 Poissons Ratio 0.380 0.400 0.384 0.357 0.396
The elastic modulus is the slope of the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve, developed using an Instron with an extensiometer attachment. Ryton PPS specimens, molded at a stock temperature of 600 650F and a mold temperature of 275F, were tested at a loading rate of 0.1 inch/minute.
Table II Modulus of Elasticity of Ryton PPS Compounds Grade R-4 R-4 02XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 Modulus, Msi 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.9
The flexural strength of Ryton PPS compounds shows a gradual decrease as the temperature increases from 0 to 500F. Molding conditions for the test specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F, and mold temperatures of 275F.
Figure 3 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Strength
FLEXURAL STRENGTH, Ksi
Ryton R-4
30 20 10 0
40
40
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
Ryton A-200
30 20 10 0
40
40
Ryton R-7
30 20 10 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
40
Ryton R-4 04
30 20 10 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400
Mechanical Properties
As expected, the flexural modulus of Ryton PPS compounds decreases as their temperature increases. Throughout the range, PPS compounds maintain substantial stiffness even up to 500F. The molding conditions for these test specimens were the same as those discussed previously.
Figure 4 Effect of Temperature on Flexural Modulus
2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 2.5 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 300 400 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.5 300 400 FLEXURAL MODULUS, Msi 2.5
Ryton R-4
Ryton R-4 04
Ryton R-7
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400
Ryton A-200
2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
A Rockwell Hardness number is directly related to the indentation hardness of a plastic material: the higher the reading, the harder the material. ASTM D785, R scale values are shown in Table III.
Ryton PPS Grade R-4 R-4XT R-4 02XT R-4 04 R-7 A-200 R-10 5002C R-10 5004A R-10 7006A
Value, R Scale 123 120 124 123 121 120 117 118 120
This test procedure was augmented with a forced draft oven to allow testing at higher temperatures. The 2 1/2 inch long test specimens were cut from end gated bars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch, which had been molded at a stock temperature of 600 650F and mold temperature of 275F. Figure 5 illustrates the effect of high temperature on Izod impact strength. Additional testing was undertaken to determine the effect of lower temperatures on Izod impact strength of Ryton PPS R-4 and R-10 7006A. The unnotched strength is essentially unaffected in this temperature range. These graphs are shown in Figure 6. The Izod impact test was not originally developed for polymers and does not always represent their performance in actual use. Therefore, judgement should be exercised in applying the results of this impact test to practical applications.
Figure 5 Effect of High Temperature on Izod Impact Strength
6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 6.0 6.0 300 400 6.0
Ryton R-4
Ryton R-4 04
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400
FT LBF/IN
FT LBF/IN
Ryton R-7
5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200 TEMPERATURE, F 300 400 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0 0 100 200
Ryton A-200
FT LBF/IN
FT LBF/IN
300
400
TEMPERATURE, F
12.0
Ryton R-4 XT
10.0
8.0 FT LBF/IN
6.0
4.0
Mechanical Properties
The compressive yield strength test was performed using an Instron environmental test chamber to allow testing at selected temperatures from 0 to 500F. The compressive yield strength is the force per unit area required to cause a specified deformation in the specimen. Cylindrical test specimens were prepared from injection molded Ryton PPS R-4, R-4 04, R-7 and A-200 compounds, and annealed for 2 hours at 400F. The curves shown in Figure 7 indicate yield strength, not ultimate compressive strength at rupture, which is indefinite at temperatures exceeding Tg 190F.
Figure 7 Effect of Temperature on Compressive Yield Strength
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH,* Ksi
Ryton R-4
25 20 15 10 5 0
30
30
Ryton R-4 04
25 20 15 10 5 0
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
Ryton R-7
25 20 15 10 5 0
30
30
Ryton A-200
25 20 15 10 5 0
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
100
200 TEMPERATURE, F
300
400
* Annealed Samples
The shear strength was obtained using an Instron environmental chamber to allow testing at selected temperatures from 0 to 500F. Shear strength is the force required to cause failure per unit area of the specimen edge sheared using the ASTM specified apparatus. Test specimens were cut from 1/8 inch thick injection molded Ryton PPS R-4, R-4 04, R-7, A-200 and R-10 7006A plaques, and annealed at 400F for 2 hours. Molding conditions of test specimens were stock temperatures of 600 650F and mold temperatures of 275F. As the temperature was increased, the shear strength decreased. A sharp decline in shear strength can be seen at temperatures just over Tg 190F. Highly crystalline moldings exhibit substantially increased shear strength. Even at 400F, Ryton PPS has substantial shear strength.
Figure 8 Effect of Temperature on Shear Strength
20 SHEAR STRENGTH,* Ksi 20
Ryton R-4
15
Ryton R-4 04
15
10
10
20
Ryton R-7
15
10
10
Ryton A-200
15
10
* Annealed Samples
Mechanical Properties
Fatigue
Tensile Fatigue Fatigue can be described as the repetitive, short-time stress applied to a part. The S-N curves shown in Figure 9 depict the number of fatigue cycles to failure for different levels of applied stress. The stress is shown as a percentage of the ultimate strength. The tensile-tensile fatigue data were determined using an ASTM type I tensile bar subjected to 10 Hertz.
Figure 9 Fatigue Life of Ryton PPS Compounds at 10 Hz
100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 N, CYCLES
Ryton R-4
S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH
10000
100000 1000000
N, CYCLES
100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 N, CYCLES 100 S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1000 N, CYCLES
Ryton R-4 04
S1, % OF TENSILE STRENGTH
Ryton R-7
10000
100000 1000000
100000 1000000
Ryton A-200
Table IV Flexural Fatigue Ryton PPS Stress Grade Level, Ksi R-4 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 5.5 Failure Cycles Endurance to Failure Limit, Ksi 46,000 240,000 600,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 6.5 5.5
R-10 7006A
10000 100000 1000000
Flexural Fatigue ASTM D671 This test measures the ability of a material to withstand repeated flexural stress without developing cracks or other evidence of mechanical deterioration. One-eighth inch thick injection molded specimens were tested at several stress levels in a fixed-cantilever, repeated constant force-type test apparatus at room temperature. The stress levels were adjusted until a minimum level was found where no failures occurred within 10 7 cycles. From plotting the stress level versus cycles to failure, the fatigue endurance limit is defined as stress level under which failure will not occur, as shown in Table IV.
Flexural Creep The creep modulus was determined for injection molded bars measuring 1/4 x 1/2 x 5 inch. A flexural load was applied to the bar at the mid-point of a 4 inch span (L) and the resultant deflection measured periodically. The modulus was calculated from the load applied (P), the deformation() at time (t) and the moment of inertia ( I ) of the beam, using the formula: PL3 Creep Modulus at time t = 48I To illustrate the effect of temperature on creep resistance, the entire procedure was duplicated at each of three temperatures for Ryton PPS R-4, and R-10 7006A: 75, 150 and 250F. The data in Figure 10 show the enhanced creep-resistance of highly crystalline PPS. Ryton PPS R-7 is a glass and mineral filled compound which will follow the same trend lines as Ryton PPS R-10 7006A. A-200 and R-4 04, glass filled compounds, can be expected to behave as Ryton PPS R-4.
Figure 10 Flexural Creep Modulus of Ryton PPS Compounds
10
Ryton R-4
CREEP MODULUS, Msi
1.0
0.1 0.1
1.0
10 TIME, HRS.
100
1000
10000
10
1.0
0.1 0.1
1.0
10 TIME, HRS.
100
1000
10000
Tensile Creep A creep modulus is determined by applying a constant tensile load to an ASTM type I bar, and measuring the percent of linear strain at various time increments. At constant load, any change in measured strain can be considered tensile creep. A calculation of the tensile modulus at this point in time can be made by dividing the applied stress by measured strain. Changing test conditions such as temperature and stress level provide data for specific applications.
Mechanical Properties
10
Ryton R-4
CREEP MODULUS, Msi 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001
0.01
0.1
1 TIME, HRS.
10
100
1000
3.0
0.01
0.1
1 TIME, HRS.
10
100
1000
Ryton R-7
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001
0.01
0.1
1 TIME, HRS.
10
100
1000
3.0
Ryton A-200
CREEP MODULUS, Msi 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.001
0.01
0.1
1 TIME, HRS.
10
100
1000
11
The abrasion resistance of Ryton PPS was determined using the Taber abrasion apparatus. The test specimen was mounted on a turntable and in contact with a weighted abrasive wheel. After a selected number of revolutions at constant speed, the weight loss of the specimen was determined. In this test the number of revolutions was 1,000 with a 1 kilogram weight using CS-10 and CS-17 wheels.
Table V Taber Abrasion Ryton PPS Grade R-4 R-7 R-7 A-200 Abrasion Wheel CS-10 CS-17 CS-17 CS-17 Shore D Hardness 89 89 Weight Loss, g/1000 Rev. 0.070 0.034 0.068 0.023
Coefficient of Friction
The coefficient of friction was determined using the Alpha Molykote LFW-1 friction and wear test machine. The flat block test specimens were run against a steel ring at selected speeds under a 15-pound load.
Coefficient of Friction(a) Ryton PPS Grade R-4
(a)
0 rpm(b) 0.50
Ryton PPS against steel (b) Static, 0 rpm; Dynamic, 100 rpm and 190 rpm
There is little difference shown in the static or dynamic coefficient of friction for Ryton PPS R-4. Compounds are available with considerably lower coefficient of friction.
The test specimen, a cube measuring 0.5 inch was placed between the parallel plates of a constant-force device adjusted to provide 2 Ksi load. The specimen thickness was observed after 24 hours at 73F. To illustrate the effects of high temperature, the procedure was also conducted at 266F. The deformation was calculated as the percentage change in height of the test specimens after 24 hours, as follows: Deformation, percent = (A/B) x 100
where: A = change in height in mils in 24 hours and: B = original height in mils Deformation, % Ryton PPS Grade 73F 266F R-4 No measurable change 0.79
Above Tg 190F, the hardness and resistance to compression of low crystallinity moldings are significantly reduced. In applications where significant compression loads are a factor, consideration should be given to highly crystalline parts.
Resistance to Compressive Set Heat resistance test procedure CEE publication 17 & 27C
Ryton PPS R-4 and R-10 samples were conditioned for one hour in an oven at each of the following test temperatures indicated. A steel ball, 0.2 inch in diameter, was then applied with a force of 4.5 lbf onto the surface of the test specimen. It was Heat Resistance (Ball Pressure Test) removed after one hour Diameter of Depression, in and the diameter of the Ryton PPS Grade 257F 356F 428F depression measured. This diameter should not R-4 0.032 0.044 0.056 exceed 0.08 inch. R-10 7006A 0.032 0.040 0.048