iu ch Tn s (Frequency Modulation FM)

Th su - 25/01/2013 10:28

iu ch Tn s - Frequency Modulation

o Nguyn l iu ch c bn

iu ch Tn s c s dng ngy cng rng ri hn bi tnh n nh ca n v ng thi cng c th mang c Thng tin nhiu hn. C th nh ngha mt cch n gin v iu ch Tn s hay c gi l iu Tn Frequency Modulation (FM) l mt phng thc iu ch m Tn s ca Sng mang s b thay i ph thuc vo Bin ca Thng tin ngun nh hnh di y:

c bit, iu ch Tn s cng nh iu ch Bin l hai phng thc iu ch Tn hiu lin quan n Tn s c ly

lm cn bn v c s ca nhng phng thc iu ch khc nh FSK, ASK, PSK, QAM

Tu theo kiu iu ch m s ph thuc gia Tn hiu iu ch (FM Signal) vi Thng tin ngun s c th khc nhau. V d, khi c iu ch th Tn hiu c iu ch c th nhn c mt trong ba h thc xc nh di y:

Trn c s , m hnh di y m t cho thy s ph thuc Tn s ca Tn hiu c iu ch bi s thay i ca Thng tin ngun: Hnh bn cho thy rng: ng vi lc Thng tin c mc bng 0 th Tn s ca Tn hiu c iu ch lun ng bng F 0. Khi Thng tin c mc Bin cao nht th Tn s ca Tn hiu c iu ch cng tr nn ln nht v to nn s thay i nhanh v chm

ca

cc
o

Bc

sng.

Hiu ng iu Bin

Bn cnh , qu trnh iu ch FM khng ch gy nn s Bin i Tn s ca Sng mang theo s iu bin Bin ca Thng tin ngun m ngay c Bin ca Tn hiu c iu ch cng b bin i theo mc d trn phng din l thuyt th Bin ca Tn hiu FM coi nh khng i m ch thay i Tn s theo Bin ca Thng tin ngun m thi. Th nhng, khi Tn s ca Tn hiu FM b thay i th mc cng hng ca cc B lc cng thay i theo dn n s suy bin Bin Cng hng ca cc Tn s c chn v gy nn Hiu ng iu Bin nh m t hnh di y (Sine Wave):

Ngoi ra, vic iu ch Tn s cn gy nn cc Sng hi bc cao nh m t trn y. Trong , c bit l i vi vic iu ch cc Thng tin ngun dng Sng Xung Vung (Pulse FM)th n lun to ra cc Hi c nng lng rt cao cn nu Thng tin ngun l mt Sng Sin th gn nh khng c cc Sng Hi km theo v th Ngun Thng tin di dng Sng hnh Sin c gi l Ngun Thng tin sch nht. Hay ni cch khc, nhc im ln nht ca Cng ngh S l gy nn s Tri ph lm nhiu lon cho Mi trng truyn Sng V tuyn.
o

ng dng ca

iu ch Tn s

Cho n nay, iu ch FM khng ch c p dng rng ri trong Truyn thanh, Truyn hnh V tuyn m n cn c s dng iu ch Tn hiu cho Truyn thng Cp quang nh hnh m t di y: