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Link Planning Tool
Link Planning Tool
Link Planning Tool
5-Jun-2013
1 Freq. Desig. Mandatory To Play with Results Linkend A : dd 28 77 High mm 52 17 2030 ss 16 57.7 77.2994 1 N E 0.0034 A Linkend B : dd 28 77 Low mm 51 4 HSIDC-Kundli ss 36.1 35.9 77.0766 B A 86.80 Deg.
Lattitude Longitude
N E
Decimal: 28.8711
21.7089214
km
Azimuth :
GHz GHz Km 1 1
MULTIPATH
Ant. Hts.@ Linkend A, and B
C/I Objective (dB) 43.00 26 50 30.00 XPD (dB) XPIF (dB) m 30 0
Operating Frequency
Polarization
2
Hop length
7.561 21.71
1.2 1.8 2
PL Value Average
0.25 Average
1 GLOBE
Radio Type
Tx Power
4
Radio Threshold FkTB
NERA INTERLINK
Others
Geoclimatic Factor K 7.896325E-005
16.070271%
24
-69 -97 1+0
SDH
Radio Category
Config:
Rain Region
13 N
Feeder Losses Temperature Water Vap. Density Pressure 0 40 20 1000
N
dB
1 C g/m3 mb
o
Prob. Of Flat Fade exceeded in W.M., Pns 0.00008260% Outage due to Clear-Air X-Poln. For Co-Chan. System, Pxp 0.03550560% Prob. Of Selective Fade exceeded in W.M., Ps 0.00002252% Min Sig Width(Ghz) 0.026 Non-Min Sig Width(Ghz) 0.026 Eqpt. Signature Factor, sf Min Sig Depth(dB) Non-Min Sig Depth(dB) 0.0036725976 17 17
99.964389284%
3.119499
Link Availability :
Rx LEVEL
Rx Level : Flat Fade Margin : -36.1094 32.8906 dBm dBm 36.1094
Link Outage :
Method
Antenna Gain
Ant Gain @ End A Ant Gain @ End B Antenna Beamwidth 36.4 40.5 2.5 36.31 39.83 1.67 dBi dBi deg.
WARNING !!
k factor factor
Specific Attn.,r Effective Hop Length Reqrd FM against Rain Unavail. Due to Rain, Pr :
THRESHOLD DEGRADATION
Threshold= C/N + NF+ BW +kT [ All in dB,i.e., 10*LOG value] Total Noise Power = -114 dBm/MHz + 10*LOG(noise BW)+10*LOG(NF) Icumulative -98 dBm THDeg 2.53901891 INTMargin 3
dB dB
06/05/2013 01:50:51
Kfactor
Max Earth Bulge,heb
2/3
13.79 m N 35 23 2N
Y1
Hop Length ( Km )
Freznel Zone Column M Actual Terrain
Height @ A Height @ B
43 30
Terrain Details
AMSL 210 210 212 210 215 220 220 Obstacle Height 10 10 5 10 5 5 10 Fresnel radii 0 12.3424052 14.6118438 13.5466984 11.0344268 7.89659065 0 AGL 220 232.3424052 231.6118438 233.5466984 231.0344268 232.8965907 230 Obstruction 220 220 217 233.5467 220 220 225 230 0 5 10 15 18 20 21.71 15 15 13.5467 1.204293 1.934855 0 0 0.650108 3.546698
Freq
7 Ant Hts 43 30 Ant Hts AMSL Max F1 253 0 251.5 15.2334054 250 0 Ref+ 253 250 266.73 225 250 200 236.27 253
Site B : HSIDC-Kundli
28 51' 36.1" 77 4' 35.9"
Pol Vertical
Freq F2
Reppassive
Free Space Loss- Path1: Lfs1 128.44 dB Free Space Loss- Path2: Lfs2 131.63 dB Rx Signal Level -64.76 dBm
Antenna Dia Antenna Gain 0.3 34 0.6 38.7 1.2 44.9 1.8 48 2.4 3.0 Link Availability
H V
Y N
Climate Factor 1 Average 2 Dry 3 Humid Terrain Factor 1 Average 2 Mountainous 3 Smooth
Antenna Dai Antenna Gain 0.3 31.9 0.6 36.6 15 GHz 1.2 42.6 1.8 46
Antenna Dai Antenna Gain 1.2 36.4 1.8 40.5 7 GHz 2.4 42.5 3.0 44.5
Frequency: 1 2 3 4 5 6
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Hi Center Frequency Lo Hi Center Frequency Lo 19.1225 14.725 14.515 14.935 7.533 7.456 19.15 14.753 14.543 14.963 7.561 7.484 19.1775 14.781 14.571 14.991 7.589 7.512 19.205 14.809 14.599 15.019 7.617 7.54 19.2325 14.837 14.627 15.047 0 0 19.26 14.865 14.655 15.075 0 0 15 GHz 7 Ghz
1 2 3
18 15 7
Kh 0.0000387
Kv 0.0000352
Alpha_H 0.9116
Alpha_V 0.8802
INTERPOLATION
0.000154 0.000138 0.9632 0.9234 0.00065 0.000591 1.121 1.075 0.00175 0.00155 1.308 1.265 0.00301 0.00265 1.132 1.312 0.00454 0.00395 1.327 1.31 0.0101 0.00887 1.276 1.264 0.0188 0.0168 1.217 1.2 0.0367 0.0335 1.154 1.128 0.0577762095 0.0530054 1.11914317 1.0880730835 0.0751 0.0691 1.099 1.065 0.1244 0.113 1.061 1.03 0.1871 0.1674 1.02 0.9997 0.2629 0.2334 0.9789 0.9633 0.3495 0.3098 0.9391 0.9287 0.4424 0.3932 0.9032 0.8965 0.5362 0.4793 0.8725 0.8683 0.7069 0.6419 0.8621 0.8243 0.8514 0.7836 0.793 0.7925 0.9753 0.9063 0.7687 0.7693 1.064 0.9992 0.7529 0.7537 1.12 1.06 0.743 0.744 1.18 1.13 0.731 0.732 1.31 1.27 0.71 0.711 1.45 1.42 0.689 0.69 1.36 1.35 0.688 0.689 1.32 1.31 0.683 0.684
fx f1 f2
Alpha_h Alpha_v
Kh Kv
0.1 2 3 5 8 6 8 12 10 20 12 15 22 35 65 72
0.03 5 6 9 13 12 15 20 18 28 23 33 40 65 105 96
N
P Q
NOKIA FLEXIHOPPER Frequency Duplex Frq. 13 15 18 NERA CITYLINK Frequency 15 NERA INTERLINK 7 CERAGON:FibeAir 3128 15 RADIO TYPE 1 2 3 4 154 420 1010
Min. Phase Sig. Width.( Ghz) Notch Depth, Bn(dB) 0.026 13.1 0.03 10.8 0.031 10.7
154
0.026
17
0.026
420
0.026
17
Radio Name THRESHOLD @^ -6 BER FkTB NOK FLEXI HOPPER -77 NERA CITYLINK -69 CERAGON:FibeAir 3128 -68 NERA INTERLINK -69
N.A. Tx-Power Out of Range ! Freq Out of Range ! Radio selection Successful ! Radio dos'nt support this FREQ ! FREQ selection Successful ! Tx-Power has been set within Range! Antenna size not available in this band Antenna selection OK
17
ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION
Yp Y0 Yw
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GEOCLIMATIC FACTOR CALCULATION Terrain Low Altitudes, 0-400m, Plains Low Altitudes, 0-400m, Hills Medium Altitudes, 400-700m, Plains Medium Altitudes, 400-700m, Hills High Altitudes,>700m, Plains High Altitudes,>700m, Hills High Altitudes,>700m, Mountains Calculated Value BACK to "Calculation"
dB/Km dB/Km
CLat (dB)
Globe 0 Europe & Africa -24.12889 North and South America 7 Others
CLong (dB) 3 -3 0
Fresnel Zone. Fresnel (fr nel'), named after Jean Augustin Fresnel, 1788-1827, French physicist. The Fresnel zone is an elliptically shaped conical zone of power that propagates from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna due to cancellation of some part of the wavefront by other parts that travel different distances. If the total path distance between the transmitting antenna, mountain peak, and receiving antenna is one wavelength greater than the direct distance between antennas, then the clearance is said to be two Fresnel zones. The first Fresnel zone: R = 72.1 ((d1mi)(d2mi) / (Dt)(f)) Fresnel boundaries. The outer boundary of the first Fresnel zone is defined as the additional path length of all paths, which are one-half wavelength (1/2 ) of the frequency transmitted longer than the direct line-of-sight path between antennas. If the total path distance is one wavelength (1) longer than the direct path, then the outer boundary is said to be two Fresnel zones. There are an infinite number of Fresnel zones located coaxially around the center of the direct wave path. Odd number Fresnel zones reinforce the direct wave path and even order number Fresnel zones cancel the direct wave path. Clearance. For reliability, point-to point links are designed to have at least 0.6 of the first Fresnel zone clearance from any obstruction from all sides (top, bottom, left and right of the first Fresnel zone). Refraction. The earth's curvature, as well as atmospheric conditions (temperature, pressure, and water vapor), can refract or bend electromagnetic waves either up, away from, or down toward the earth's surface. This bending can change frequently, hour to hour, day to night, season to season, and weather pattern to weather pattern. Refractivity is usually greatest close to the earth's surface and becomes smaller the higher above the surface you go. To compensate for this effect, a refractivity gradient, or 'K' factor, is used when designing point-to-point communication links. The 'K' factor is the ratio of the effective Earth radius to the actual Earth radius. A 'K' factor of 1 indicates no bending of the signal; a 'K' factor of less than one means the electromagnetic wave is bent up, away from the surface. A 'K' factor greater than one indicates a slight bending downward, towards the earth. The 'K' factor value commonly used for microwave links is 1.333 (4/3) for normal atmospheric conditions, which means that the radio horizon is further away than the visual horizon. Earth's curvature at obstruction: h = ((d1mi)(d2mi) / (1.5)(K)) ft Antenna Gain. For a paraboloid reflector microwave antenna (greater than 960 MHz) consisting of a dishshaped surface illuminated by a feed horn mounted at the focus of the reflector, the antenna gain is given as [6]: Antenna Gain (dBi) = 20 log10(Dft) + 20 log10(fGHz) + 7.5; or, Antenna Gain (dBi) = 20 log10(Dm) + 20 log10(fGHz) + 17.82 Where: dBi = decibels over an isotropic radiator Dft = Antenna dish diameter in feet; or, Dm = Antenna dish diameter in meters, and fGHz = Frequency in GHz. Note: The above formula is based on the efficiency of a paraboloid antenna being on the order 55%. Some manufacturers may be able to improve on this number, therefore, the gain given by a manufacturer for a specific antenna should be used, when available, otherwise the above formula will suffice. The general formula for computing the gain of any antenna is given as: 4A / 2 where A = effective area of antenna ( efiiciency of 55% for a parabolic dish reflector antenna) = wave length Area and Wavelength must be in same unit (feet, meters, etc.) Beamwidth. Antenna beamwidth refers to the width of the main radiated beam (main lobe) between two equal power levels that are 3 dB down from the peak power of the center of the main beam. Antenna gain and beamwidth are interrelated quantities and are inversely proportional; thus the higher the gain an antenna has, the smaller the
beamwidth[3]. Therefore, increased care must be taken when aligning high gain antennas to insure that the antenna is accurately aligned on the center of the main beamwhich could be only a few degrees wide. For example; a 6-foot parabolic dish antenna at 6 GHz has an antenna gain of 38.63 dB and a beamwidth of only 1.91. Beam Width is given as: (70 * cm 100) (antenna ft * 0.3048), or (70 * cm 100) antenna meters where cm = wave length in centimeters Radiation Fields. There are three traditional radiation fields (regions) in free space as a result of the radiated power of an antenna. These three radiation fields are known as: 1. The near-field, also called the reactive near-field region, is that region that is closest to the antenna and for which the reactive field dominates over the radiative fields. 2. The, Fresnel zone, also called the radiating near-field, is that region between the reactive near-field and the far-field regions and is the region in which the radiation fields dominate and where the angular field distribution depends on distance from the antenna (see earlier definition of Fresnel Zone). 3. The far-field, or Rayleigh distance (historically called the Fraunhofer region), is that region where the radiation pattern is independent of distance. Polarization. The polarization of an antenna refers to the orientation of the electric field vector in the radiated wave. For linear polarization (horizontal or vertical), the vector remains in one plane as the wave propagates through space. To eliminate polarization mismatch loss, the receiving antenna must have the same polarization orientation as the transmitting antenna (Note: If the waveguide connection at the antenna is vertically oriented, the antenna is said to have horizontal polarization, and vice-versa).
Important: If the file name is changed from the supplied "Link Planning Tool.xls," some of the macros will not function properly. It would be best to save the completed workbook under a new name, then start on new systems with the original file.
Back-to-back coupled Passive Repeater calculations. Use: 'passive' to unlock the worksheet to edit values. Hope this will suffice. For further clarification/suggestion feel free to contact under signed. NEW (v3): Selection Buttons
To make this spreadsheet more useful I have made this spreadsheet more user friendly by putting some "buttons" so that one can select the values by using these buttons without typing or looking for the other sheets. NEW (v4): Graphical Link Analysis Provision to view/analyse the link graphically ( Addition of : Path Profile) over a approximated Terrain. NEW (v5): "Technical Information"
A "Technical Information" page has been added in order to have easy understanding of the principles involved in a Microwave Link Designing. Also, more automated buttons have been added. NEW (v6): "Technical Information" Select any one of the THREE frequency bands, namely 15 GHz, 18 GHz and 7 GHz. Each band is provided with 6 frequency spots. The same provision is there for Radio selection too. Alok K Tiwari Transmission Planning Idea Cellular Ltd - Delhi(INDIA) alok.tiwari@ideacellular.com Mobile # +91 9891005329 Landline # +91 51679999 Ext- 5338 FAX # +91 51679999 Ext- 5399