Darshan Kapadia

4/22/2013

Laws Related to Pollution Under Control (PUC)

Pollution Under Control Certification Agency

Every Registering Authority and Additional Registering Authority as defined under Rule and any other Pollution Testing Stations authorized by the Licensing Authority shall be the agency to issue Pollution Under Control Certificate: Validity of Pollution Under Control Certificate:- The period of validity of Pollution Under Control Certificate shall be six months from the date of issue, Format of Pollution Under Control Certificate:- The format of Pollution Under Control Certificate in triplicate shall be in Form P.U.C, Format of Pollution Control Notice:- The format of Pollution Control Notice shall be in Form P.C.N, Format of Pollution Testing Notice:- The format of Pollution Testing Notice shall be in Form P.T.N.

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

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Fee For Testing And Issue Of Pollution Under Control Certificate

The following fee is payable in respect of Motor Vehicles for testing or for issue of Pollution Under Control Certificate. Where the smoke emissions are found to exceed specified limits on testing, the authorized agency shall direct the owner or driver of the vehicle to get the defects rectified, unless they are minor in nature so as to comply with the provisions by issuing a Notice in Form Pollution Testing Notice.
Category Petrol two wheelers Petrol two and three wheelers Diesel any category Fee Rs. 15 Rs. 25 Rs. 30

Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

1. The instrument to be used for measuring the pollution levels of automobiles should be approved by any one of the following agencies, namely:
a) Vehicle Research & Development Establishment Ahmednagar. b) Automotive Research Association of India, Pune. c) Central Machinery Testing and Training Institute, Budni, Madhya Pradesh. d) Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun. e) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur.

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Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

2. The procedure for conducting the test shall be as below:
Diesel Vehicles - Free Acceleration Method: The reading of pollution levels should be noted when the acceleration pedal is fully pressed. An average of five such readings should be taken as the final reading. Petrol Vehicles Idling Limits: The reading shall be noted when the vehicle is idling.

Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

3. The instrument should be calibrated at least once in a year and as recommended by the manufacturer and certificate of last calibration should always be made available for inspection. The instrument shall also be produced for inspection (of calibration and efficiency) to the officers of the Motor Vehicles Department.

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

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Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

4. The validity of the test report from the date of test, shall be as under:
Sr. No. PUC Test Reading Petrol Driven Vehicles (Idling CO emission limits) 2&3 wheelers 1. 2. 3. Less than 3% 3 to 4 % 4 to 4.5 % 4 wheelers Less than 1.5 % 1.5 to 2.5 % 2.5 to 3.00 % Less than 50 Hartridge Smoke Units 50 to 60 Hartridge Smoke Units 60 to 65 Hartridge Smoke Units 6 Months 4 Months 2 Months Diesel Driven Vehicles (measured by free acceleration method) Validity

Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

5. The PUC Test certificates shall be obtained only from the printing presses informed from time to time and shall be serially numbered. A separate account of receipt and utilization of these certificates shall always be maintained and produced for inspection on demand. The PUC certificate should be signed by only one of the persons authorized in this behalf, as mentioned in the application form for grant of authorization. The PUC certificate should indicate the pollution levels before and after adjustments .

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

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Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

6. The persons conducting the test should hold a minimum qualification of certificate in Automobile Engineering or Motor Mechanics issued by Industrial Training Institute of Government of Gujarat and should also know the procedure for minor adjustments/repairs with which the pollution levels can be brought down, without affecting overall performance of the engine.

Procedure For PUC Certification Agency

7. Incase of vehicles showing higher level of emission than the prescribed limits under Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 the registration number of such vehicles should be informed to concerned R.T.O, Dy. R.T.O or Asst. R.T.O by holder of the Centers within 24 hours. 8. The authorization granted shall be immediately cancelled and holder thereof shall be criminally prosecuted if any malpractices are noticed in running of the center or issue of PUC Certificates.

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

Darshan Kapadia

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Harmful Exhaust Gas Constituents

Petrol Compound N2 CO2 H2O CO Trace elements NOx Cx H y SO2 % of total 71 14 12 1-2 < 0.5 < 0.25 < 0.25 Possible traces NOx CO PM Cx H y N2 = Nitrogen CO2 = Carbon dioxide H2O = Water SO2 O2 = Oxygen CxHy (or Hx or HC) = Hydrocarbons CO = Carbon Monoxide N2 CO2 H2O O2 Diesel Compound % of total 67 13 11 10 ~ 0.3 < 0.15 < 0.045 < 0.045 < 0.03 < 0.03 NOx = Nitrogen oxides SO2 = Sulphur dioxide PM = Particulate matter

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Standard India 2000 Reference Euro 1 Date 2000 2001 Bharat Stage II Euro 2 2003 04 2005 04 Bharat Stage III Bharat Stage IV Euro 3 Euro 4 2005 - 04 2010 04 2010 - 04 Region Nationwide NCR, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai NCR, 13 Cities* Nationwide NCR, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai Nationwide NCR, 13 Cities*

Indian Emission Standards (4-Wheel Vehicles) * = Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Sholapur, Jamshedpur and Agra

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Comparison between Bharat Stage and Euro norms:
The Bharat Stage norms have been styled to suit specific needs and demands of Indian conditions. The differences lie essentially in environmental and geographical needs, even though the emission standards are exactly the same. For instance, Euro-III is tested at sub-zero temperatures in European countries. In India, where the average annual temperature ranges between 24 and 28 degree Celsius, the test is done away with.

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Comparison between Bharat Stage and Euro norms: Another major distinction is in the maximum speed at which the vehicle is tested. A speed of 90 km/h is stipulated for BS-III, whereas it is 120 km/h for Euro-III, keeping emission limits the same in both cases. In addition to limits, test procedure has certain finer points too. For instance, the mass emission test measurements done in g/km on a chassis dynamometer requires a loading of 100 kg weight in addition to unloaded car weight in Europe. In India, BS-III norms require an extra loading of 150 kg weight to achieve the desired inertia weight mainly due to road conditions here.

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

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4/22/2013

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Emission standards for new heavy-duty diesel enginesapplicable to vehicles of GVW > 3,500 kgare listed below:
Year 1992 1996 2000 2005 2010 2010 Reference Euro I Euro II Euro III Euro IV Test ECE R49 ECE R49 ECE R49 ECE R49 ESC ETC ESC CO 17.3-32.6 11.20 4.5 4.0 2.1 5.45 1.5 HC 2.7-3.7 2.40 1.1 1.1 0.66 0.78 0.46 NOx 14.4 8.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 PM 0.36 0.15 0.10 0.16 0.02 0.03

ETC 4.0 0.55 3.5 Emission Standards for Diesel Truck and Bus Engines, g/kWh

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Emission standards for light-duty diesel vehicles (GVW 3,500 kg) are summarized in Table. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes (by reference mass) of light commercial vehicles; compare the EU light-duty vehicle emission standards page for details on the Euro 1 and later standards. The lowest limit in each range applies to passenger cars (GVW 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats).

C. G. P. I. T. - Bardoli.

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Year 1992 1996 2000 2005 2010 Reference Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 CO 17.3-32.6 5.0-9.0 2.72-6.90 1.0-1.5 0.64 0.80 0.95 HC 2.7-3.7 HC+NOx 2.0-4.0 0.97-1.70 0.7-1.2 0.56 0.72 0.86 NOx 0.14-0.25 0.08-0.17 0.50 0.65 0.78 PM 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.025 0.04 0.06

2010

0.50 0.30 0.25 0.63 0.39 0.33 0.74 0.46 0.39 Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles, g/KWh Euro 4

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Engines for use in light-duty vehicles can be also emission tested using an engine dynamometer. The respective emission standards are listed in Table below:
Year 1992 1996 2000 Reference Euro I CO 14.0 11.20 4.5 HC 3.5 2.40 1.1 NOx 18.0 14.4 8.0 PM 0.36 0.15

2005 Euro II 4.0 1.1 7.0 Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Engines

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Emissions standards for gasoline vehicles (GVW 3,500 kg) are summarized in Table. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes of light commercial vehicles (compare the EU light-duty vehicle emission standards page). The lowest limit in each range applies to passenger cars (GVW 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats).

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Year 1991 1996 1998* 2000 2005 2010 Reference Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 CO 14.3-27.1 8.68-12.4 4.34-6.20 2.72-6.90 2.2-5.0 2.3 4.17 5.22 1.0 1.81 2.27 HC 2.0-2.9 0.20 0.25 0.29 0.1 0.13 0.16 HC+NOx 3.00-4.36 1.50-2.18 0.97-1.70 0.5-0.7 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.08 0.10 0.11 NOx

2010

Euro 4

Emission Standards for Gasoline Vehicles (GVW 3,500 kg), g/km

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Darshan Kapadia

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Emission standards for 3- and 2-wheel gasoline vehicles are listed in the following tables.
Year 1991 1996 2000 2005 (BS II) 2010.04 (BS III) CO 12-30 6.75 4.00 2.25 1.25 HC 8-12 HC+NOx 5.40 2.00 2.00 1.25 Year 1991 1996 2000 2005 (BS II) 2010.04 (BS III) CO 12-30 5.50 2.00 1.5 1.0 HC 8-12 HC+NOx 3.60 2.00 1.5 1.0

Emission Standards for 3-Wheel Gasoline Emission Standards for 2-Wheel Gasoline Vehicles, g/km Vehicles, g/km Year CO HC+NOx PM Emission Standards for 22005.04 1.00 0.85 0.10 And 3-Wheel Diesel 2010.04 0.50 0.50 0.05 Vehicles, g/km

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Fuels:
Fuel quality plays a very important role in meeting the stringent emission regulation. The fuel specifications of gasoline and diesel have been aligned with the Corresponding European Fuel Specifications for meeting the Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV emission norms. The use of alternative fuels has been promoted in India both for energy security and emission reduction.

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Darshan Kapadia

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Fuels:
Delhi and Mumbai have more than 100,000 commercial vehicles running on CNG fuel. Delhi has the largest number of CNG commercial vehicles running anywhere in the World. India is planning to introduce Biodiesel, ethanol gasoline blends in a phased manner and has drawn up a road map for the same. The Indian auto industry is working with the authorities to facilitate for introduction of the alternative fuels. India has also set up a task force for preparing the Hydrogen road map. The use of LPG has also been introduced as an auto fuel and the oil industry has drawn up plans for setting up of auto LPG dispensing stations in major cities.

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Sr. No. 1 2 (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2 (e) Characteristics Density 15 0 C Recovery up to 70 0 C(E70) Recovery up to 100 0 C (E100) Recovery up to 180 0 C (E180) Recovery up to 150 0 C (E150) Final Boiling Point (FBP), Max Residue Max Unit Kg/m3 %Volume %Volume %Volume %Volume
0C

Bharat Stage II 710-770 10 - 45 40 - 70 90 210

Bharat Stage III 720-775 10 45 40 - 70 75 min 210

Bharat Stage IV 720-775 10 45 40 - 70 75 min 210

2 (f)

%Volume

Gasoline Fuel Specification

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Darshan Kapadia

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Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Sr. No. 3 Characteristics Research Octane Number (RON), Min Anti Knock Index (AKI)/ MON, Min Sulphur, Total, Max Lead Content(as Pb), Max Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP), Max Olfine content, Max % mass g/l Kpa Unit Bharat Stage II 88 Bharat Stage III 91 Bharat Stage IV 91

4 5 6 7 8

84 (AKI) 0.05 0.013 35-60

81 (MON) 150 mg/Kg 0.005 60 21

81 (MON) 50 mg/Kg 0.005 60 21

% Volume Gasoline Fuel Specification

Euro / Bharat Stage -I, II, III, IV Norms

Sr. No 1 2 3 (a) 3 (b) 4 5 (a) (b) (c) Characteristics Density Kg/m3 15 0 C Sulphur Content mg/kg max Cetane Number minimum Cetane Index Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Distillation Recovery Min. At 350 0 C Recovery Min. At 370 95%Vol Recovery at 0o
0C

BSII 820-800 500 48 46 85 95 -

BSIII 820-845 350 51 46 11 360

BSIV 820-845 50 51 46 11 360

C max

Diesel Fuel Specification

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