An axiom, or postulate, is a premise or starting point of reasoning. As classically conceived, an axiom is a premise so evident as to be accepted as true without controversy.

itself as evident.'
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The word comes from the Greek 'that which is thought worthy or fit,' or 'that which commends
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As used in modern logic, an axiom is simply a premise or starting point for reasoning.

Axioms define and delimit the

realm of analysis; the relative truth of an axiom is taken for granted within the particular domain of analysis, and serves as a starting point for deducing and inferring other relative truths. No explicit view regarding the absolute truth of axioms is ever taken in the context of modern mathematics, as such a thing is considered to be an irrelevant and impossible contradiction in terms. In mathematics, the term axiom is used in two related but distinguishable senses: "logical axioms" and "non-logical axioms". Logical axioms are usually statements that are taken to be true within the system of logic they define (e.g., ( A and B) implies A), while non-logical axioms (e.g., a + b = b + a) are actually defining properties for the domain of a specific mathematical theory (such as arithmetic). When used in the latter sense, "axiom," "postulate", and "assumption" may be used interchangeably. In general, a non-logical axiom is not a self-evident truth, but rather a formal logical expression used in deduction to build a mathematical theory. Axiomatic method A way of arriving at a scientific theory in which certain primitive assumptions, the so-called axioms (cf. Axiom), are postulated as the basis of the theory, while the remaining propositions of the theory are obtained as logical consequences of these axioms. In mathematics, the axiomatic method originated in the works of the ancient Greeks on geometry. The most brilliant example of the application of the axiomatic method which remained unique up to the 19th century was the geometric system known as Euclid's Elements (ca. 300 B.C.). At the time the problem of the description of the logical tools employed to derive the consequences of an axiom had not yet been posed, but the Euclidean system was a very clear attempt to obtain all the basic statements of geometry by pure derivation based on a relatively small number of postulates axioms whose truth was considered to be self-evident. The discovery of a non-Euclidean geometry by N.I. Lobachevskii and J. Bolyai at the beginning of the 19th century stimulated further development of the axiomatic method. They showed that if the traditional, and apparently the only "objectively true" , fifth postulate of Euclid concerning parallel lines is replaced by its negation, then it is possible to develop in a purely logical manner a geometry which is just as elegant and meaningful as is Euclidean geometry. In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements, such as other theorems, and previously accepted statements, such as axioms. The derivation of a theorem is often interpreted as a proof of the truth of the resulting expression, but different deductive systems can yield other interpretations, depending on the meanings of the derivation rules. The proof of a mathematical theorem is a logical argument demonstrating that the conclusions are a necessary consequence of the hypotheses, in the sense that if the hypotheses are true then the conclusions must also be true, without any further assumptions. The concept of a theorem is therefore [2] fundamentally deductive, in contrast to the notion of a scientific theory, which is empirical.

In mathematics, a plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface. A plane is the two dimensional analogue of a point (zerodimensions), a line (one-dimension) and a solid (three-dimensions). Planes can arise as subspaces of some higher dimensional space, as with the walls of a room, or they may enjoy an independent existence in their own right, as in the setting of Euclidean geometry. When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so, the plane refers to the whole space. Many fundamental tasks in mathematics, geometry,trigonometry, graph theory and graphing are performed in a twodimensional space, or in other words, in the plane. The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects with negligible width and depth. Lines are an idealization of such objects. Thus, until seventeenth century, lines were defined like this: "The line is the first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which [] will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt of any width. [] The [1] straight line is that which is equally extended between its points" Euclid described a line as "breadthless length", and introduced several postulates as basic unprovable properties from which he constructed the geometry, which is now calledEuclidean geometry to avoid confusion with other geometries which have been introduced since the end of nineteenth century (such as non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, and affine geometry). Points- In geometry, topology, and related branches of mathematics, a spatial point is a primitive notion upon which other concepts may be defined. In geometry, points are zero-dimensional; i.e., they do not have volume, area, length, or any other higherdimensional analogue. In branches of mathematics dealing with set theory, an element is sometimes referred to as a point.,