Day 27

12.1 Functions Involving Square Roots

12.2 Operations with Radical Expressions
12.1 “The Square Root Function”

1. y = x “Parent Function”

Domain:

Range:

2. y =2 x “Child Function” (just one of many possible)

Domain:

Range:

Q: How does this child compare with the parent?

3. y = x +1 Another “Child Function”

Domain:

Range:

Q: How does this child compare with the parent?

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4. y = x −3 Yet another “Child Function”

Domain:

Range:

Q: How does this child compare with the parent?

General Equation for the Square Root Function

a:

h:

k:

Q: What happens if a is negative?

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12.2 Operations with Radical Expressions

Adding and Subtracting

1. 2 2 +5 −
6 2

2. 4 3 − 27

3. 3 7 −
5 7+
2 7

4. 8 5 +125

Multiplying

1. 2• 8

2. (
2 5− 3 )

( )
2
3. 1+ 5

( )(
4. a − b a + b )

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Dividing

3
1.
5

1
2.
c− d

4
3.
3+ 2

Checking Solutions

1. Check whether 2 + 3 is a solution of x 2 −

4x +
1=0

−5 − 33
2. Is a solution of x 2 +
5x −
2=0?
2

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(Day 27) 12.1 Square Root Funsheet Finish for homework.

1-4 Fill in the table and sketch a graph of each function. State the domain and range for each.

1. y = x 2. y =− x
x 0 1 4 9 x 0 1 4 9
y y

domain: ...................... range: .................... domain: ...................... range: ....................

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3. y =2 x 2. y =− x
2
x 0 1 4 9 x 0 1 4 9
y y

domain: ...................... range: .................... domain: ...................... range: ....................

5. The general shape of the graph of y = x looks like .............................................................................

6. When the coefficient in front of x is negative, the graph .....................................................................

7. When the coefficient in front of x is greater than 1, the graph .............................................................

8. When the coefficient in front of x is between 0 and 1, the graph .........................................................

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Now graph each of the following. Label at least 2 points, and state the domain and range of each.

9. y = x +4 10. y = x −3 11. y =−3 x +5

D: R: D: R: D: R:

12. y =2 x −1 11. y = x −1 11. y = x +3

D: R: D: R: D: R:

15. How is the graph of y = x +k different from the graph of y = x ?

16. How is the graph of y = x −k different from the graph of y = x ?

17. How is the graph of y = x +h different from the graph of y = x ?

18. How is the graph of y = x −h different from the graph of y = x ?

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19. Without a calculator, sketch the graph of y =− x +3 −4 . State the domain and range.
2

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(Day 27) 12.2 Handout “Operations with Radical Expressions” Finish for homework.

Simplify the expression.

1. 32 + 2 2. 80 − 45 3. 147 −7 3

4. 3 11 +176 +11 5. 243 −75 +300 6. 5⋅ 8

( ) ( a −b) ( )( )
2
7. 6 7 3 +6 8. 9. 1+ 13 1− 13

2 6 3
10. 11. 12.
2 10 + 2 3 −1

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13. Write a radical expression and its conjugate.

14. Find the area of a rectangle with length 17 +9 and height 68 .

15. A pole-vaulter’s approach velocity v (in feet per second) and height reached h (in feet) are related by
the following equation: ν=8 h . You are pole vaulting and reach a height of 20 feet, while your
opponent reaches a height of 16 feet. How much faster were you running than your opponent?

16. From the falling object model, h =16t 2 +

− s , the distance an object falls after it is dropped is
d
d=16t 2 . Solving this formula for t, yields t = . t gives the time in seconds it takes for an object to fall
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a certain distance. To break clamshells, sea gulls drop them on rocks while flying. A gull drops a clam
shell from a height of 96 feet. Find the time it takes to reach the ground.

17. Challenge: The sum of three consecutive perfect squares is 110. What is the product of the square
roots of these numbers?

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 Day 28
12.3 Solving Radical Equations
Solve and check your solution(s).

1. x −7 =0 2. 2x −3+3=4

3. x +2 =x 4. x+13 =0

Caution: When squaring both sides of an equation, you may get ..................................................

Thus, you should always ................................

Definition: Geometric Mean of a and b

1. If the geometric mean of a and 6 is 12, find a.

2. You work for United Airlines and remove ice from airplanes. The relationship among the flow rate r (in
gallons per minute) of the antifreeze for de-icing, the nozzle diameter d (in inches), and the nozzle
pressure P (in lbs per square inch) is r = 30d 2 P . You want a flow rate of 250 gallons per minute. Find
the nozzle pressure for a nozzle that has diameter 1.25 inches.

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Practice. Yay! Solve the equation.
1. 2x −3 =x + 6 19 w +
2. 3w − 20 =
0

3. 3
x2 −1 =2 4. 3 +3x +
1=x

5. 2x −
3 −x +
7+2=
0 6. 12 −4 x +
6x + 9=1

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(Day 28) 12.3 Handout “Fun with Radicals” Finish for homework.

1 3
1. x−
10 =0 2. 3x +9=12 3. −x − =
2 2

4. 3x −4=6 5. 4 −x =6 7 =6x +
6. − 7

1 7
7. x +1 = 8. 6 −7x −9=3 9. x 2 =6−x
9 3

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10. x 2 =
100 −
15x 11. 2x =−
13x −
10 12. 1+x =1−2x

1 2 2
13. x =x +3 14. (
x −2) =2x −1 15. 4 x 2 =4x +
15
4

L
16. 30 = 2(32)h 17. 3 =2π 18. 5a =15
32

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 Day 29
12.4 Using Completing the Square to Solve Quadratic Equations

“Completing the square” means to create a ......................................................

example of a PST:

Complete the square for x2 – 8x.

In general: Complete the square for the expression x2 + bx.

What is “completing the square” used for?

Solve for x using completing the square. Don’t forget to balance your equation!
Notice in #1-2, a = ..........,

1. x2 + 6x + 8 = 0 2. x2 + 10x = 24

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Notice in 4-8, a .................

3. x2 – x – 3 = 0 4. –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0

5. 2x2 – x = 2 6. 0 = –2x2 + 8x – 5

7. ½x2 + x = 7 8. –(1/3)x2 + 2x + 4 = 0

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(Day 29) 12.4 Handout “Completing the Square” Finish for homework.

Write the trinomial as the square of a binomial. (factor)

1. x2 – 6x + 9 2. x2 – 18x +81 3. x2 + x + 1/4

Find the term that should be added to the expression to create a perfect square trinomial.
4. x2 – 16x 5. x2 + 18x 6. x2 – 13x

7. x2 – ¾ x 8. x2 + 11x 9. x2 +2x/9

Finding the term that creates a perfect square trinomial is called Completing the Square. This method
can be used to solve quadratic equations. Here is an example.

Solve x2 + 10x = 24

Solution: x2 + 10x = 24 Write the quadratic equation with the C term on the right-hand side.

x2 + 10x + 52 = 24 + 52 Add 5 2 to each side. Note that 5 is half the coefficient of x in

the equation.
2
(x + 5) = 49 Write the left side as a perfect square.

x + 5 = ±7 Find the square root of each side.

x = -5 ± 7 Subtract 5 from each side.

x=2 or x=12 Simplify.

Solve the equation by completing the square.

10. x2 + 6x = -5 11. x2 + 8x – 4 = 5 12. x2 – 6x + 5 = -4

13. x2 + 4x – 7 = 0 14. x2 + 6x – 1 = 0 15. x2 – 6x + 7 = 0

16. x2 + 8x + 13 = 0 17. 2x2 – 4x – 5 = 0 18. 3x2 – 6x – 1 = 0

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