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CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA I. Respondents Profile Table 1 Percentage and Frequency Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Age Age (in years) 30-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 Total Frequency (f) 1 4 11 9 5 30 Percentage (%) 3.3 13.3 36.7 30 16.7 100

Table 1 presents the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of age. It shows that out of the 30 respondents, 11 (36.7%) belong to the age bracket of 51 to 60 years; 9 (30%) belong to the 61 to 70 age group; 5 (16.7%) are in the age group 71 to 80 years; 4 (13.3%) are in the age group 41 to 50 years; and only 1 (3.3%) belong to the 30 to 40 age group. This shows that majority of the respondents are 51 to 60 years old, the age group where Type II diabetes mellitus is commonly present. The table shows that majority of the respondents are aged 51 to 60 years, which indicates that these individuals tend to experience more manifestations of physical complications as the disease progresses and therefore, seek consultation in the outpatient department.

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Table 2 Percentage and Frequency Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Gender Gender Male Female Total Frequency (f) 12 18 30 Percentage (%) 40 60 100

Table 2 presents the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of gender. The table shows that majority of the respondents are female with 18 out of 30 (60%) responses, while 12 out of 30 (40%) are male. This indicates that the prevalence of Type II DM in terms of gender may be equal, but females tend to consult their health concerns, especially the physical manifestations of the disease, more often than males.

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Table 3 Percentage and Frequency Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Religion Religion Roman Catholic Iglesia ni Cristo Protestant Born Again Total Frequency (f) 27 1 1 1 30 Percentage (%) 90 3.3 3.3 3.3 100

Table 3 presents the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of their religion. It shows that of the 30 respondents, 27 (90%) belong to the Roman Catholic Religion, while 1 (3.3%) respondent belong to the religious groups Protestant, Born Again, Muslim, Christian and Iglesia ni Cristo equally. This indicates that individuals who belong to the Roman Catholic Religion have higher predisposition to Type II DM as they follow fewer food restrictions than the other religion groups.

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Table 4 Percentage and Frequency Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Years They are Diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus No. of Years Diagnosed with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Less than 1 year 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 Total Frequency (f) 2 2 4 8 9 2 0 2 1 30 Percentage (%) 6.7 6.7 13.3 26.7 30 6.7 0 6.7 3.3 100

Table 4 shows the frequency distribution of the respondents in terms of the number of years they have been diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. It shows that 9 out of 30 (30%) respondents have been diagnosed for 16 to 20 years; 8 (30%) for 11 to 15 years; 4 (13.3%) for 6 to 10 years; while there is an equal distribution of 2 (6.7%) respondents to less than 1 year, 1 to 5 years, 21 to 25 years, and 31 to 35 years of having been diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus; and 1 (3.3%) respondent has been diagnosed for 36 to 40 years. Majority of the respondents belongs to the age bracket of 50-60. Subtracting from it the 16-20 years diagnosed to have Type II diabetes mellitus will be the age at risk of developing the disease which is 34-40 years of age.

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II.

Level of Adherence on Dietary Restrictions Table 5 Frequency and Mean Distribution of Responses of the Respondents in Terms of the Level of Their Adherence with the Dietary Restrictions as Influenced by Psychological Factors Psychological Factors Weighted Mean 2.97 2.97 2.67 2.37 1.97 2.1 Verbal Interpretation Agree Agree Agree Disagree Disagree Disagree

Eats food that should be avoided when still feeling hungry after a meal Eats food that should be avoided to satisfy craving Eats favorite foods that should be avoided Eats food that should be avoided when sad or stressed Does not follow dietary regimen because of the high cost of prescribed foods. Disobeys dietary regimen feeling that it does not alleviate the manifestations of physical manifestations Disobeys dietary regimen feeling that own preference for food to gain satisfaction should be followed Believes that it is safe to once in a while disobey the regimen Disobeys dietary regimen because they do not feel ill Obeys dietary regimen only after experiencing an unpleasant physical manifestation Believes that following dietary restrictions is inconvenient and time consuming Eats restricted foods to reward self Overall Mean

2.4 2.9 2.67 2.57 2.07 3 2.56

Disagree Agree Agree Agree Disagree Agree Agree

Table 5 presents the frequency and mean distribution of responses of the respondents with Type II diabetes mellitus in terms of their level of adherence

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with the dietary restrictions as influenced by certain psychological factors. The table shows that the respondents agree that they use restricted foods to reward self (WM=3). The respondents also agree that they disobey the dietary regimen when still feeling hungry after a meal (WM=2.97) and to satisfy craving (WM=2.97); because they believe that it safe to once in a while to disobey it (WM=9); and because they feel that are not chronically ill (WM=2.67). The respondents also agree that they still eat their favorite foods even these should be avoided (WM=2.67); and that they only obey the regimen after experiencing an unpleasant physical manifestation (WM=2.57). On the other hand, they disagree that they disobey their regimen when they feel that they should follow their preference for food to gain a satisfactory meal (WM=2.4); When they are sad or stressed (WM=2.37); because they feel that the regimen does not alleviate the manifestations of physical complications (WM=2.1); because they believe the regimen is inconvenient to follow because it is time consuming; and because some of the prescribed foods are too expensive (WM=1.97). This shows that psychological variables negatively influence the dietary adherence of Type II diabetes mellitus individuals, and majority agrees that they eat restricted foods to reward themselves as indicated in related literatures, diabetic patients tend not to take their condition seriously.

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Table 6 Frequency and Mean Distribution of Responses of the Respondents in Terms of the Level of Their Adherence with the Dietary Restrictions as Influenced by Social Factors
Social Factors Significant others Finds it difficult to adhere with the dietary regimen because food habits are different from family and friends Disobeys the dietary regimen when with family or friends who eat foods that should be avoided Finds it difficult to adhere when family or friends do not support or help in dietary adherence Finds it difficult to adhere when family or friends criticize food choices. Disobeys dietary regimen when no one is to prepare the prescribed diet Disobeys dietary regimen during social gatherings foods that should be avoided are served Has difficulties adhering to dietary regimen when not in good terms with family or friend Health Care Provider Finds it difficult to adhere with the dietary regimen because the caregivers perception of diabetes mellitus is different with that of the respondent Rarely visit the doctor or health care provider for check up Not treated well by their health care providers Totally dependent on their decision and plans of health care provider. Health care providers comments about their food habits Overall Mean 2 2.2 1.7 1.87 1.87 2.31 Disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Weighted Mean 2.67 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.57 2.93 2.23 Verbal Interpretation Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Disagree

Table 6 presents the frequency and mean distribution of responses of the responses of the respondents with Type II diabetes mellitus in terms of their level of adherence as influenced with social factors. The table shows that the respondents agree that they disobey dietary regimen during social gatherings

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where foods that should be avoided are served (WM=2.93). The respondents also agree that they find it difficult to adhere because their food habit is different from their family and friends (2.57) and that they disobey the dietary regimen when they are with a family member or friend who eats food that they should avoid (WM=2.57). On the other hand, the respondents disagree that they find it difficult to adhere when their family or friend criticize their food choices (WM=2.37); because there is no one to prepare the specific diet for them (WM=2.23); when they are not in good terms with a family member or friend (WM=2.23); because they rarely visit the doctor (WM=2.2); because their familys perception of their disease is different from theirs (WM=2); and because a family or friend does not support or help them in adhering with the regimen (WM=1.9); because they are totally dependent on their health care providers decisions and plans (WM=1.87); while they strongly disagree that their health care providers do not treat them well (WM=1.7). Social circumstances can affect the adherence of the respondents considering that several factors to maintain adherence. Furthermore, Physician and other health care professional are less likely to affect the adherence of the respondents as compared to their significant others. This is because of the greater role of self-perception and the more prevalent influence of immediate family friends and significant others with the decisions made by the respondents.