June 11

1. resemble verb [T] /r

to look like or be like someone or something:You resemble your mother very closely.After the earthquake, the city resembled a battlefield.

2. scandal noun /skn d l/

(an action or event that causes) a public feeling of shock and strongmoral disapproval:a financial/political/sex scandalTheir affair caused/created a scandal in the office.The scandal broke (= became public knowledge) right at the beginning of theConservative Party Conference.If there is the slightest suggestion/hint of scandal, the public will no longer trust us.

3. retain verb [T] /rten/

to keep or continue to have something:She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.He managed to retain his dignity throughout the performance.She succeeded in retaining her lead in the second half of the race.I have a good memory and am able to retain (= remember) facts easily.
FORMAL

4. focus noun [C]

(CENTRE)/f.ks/ /fo-/ (PLURAL focuses or FORMALfoci) the main or central point of something, especially of attention or interest:I think Dave likes to be the focus of attention.The main focus of interest at the fashion show was Christian Lacroix's outrageousevening wear.The media focus on politicians' private lives inevitably switches the attention away from the real issues.

5. grill verb [T]

(QUESTION)

/r

to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time:After being grilled by the police for two days, Johnson signed a confession.Her parents would grill her about where she'd been.

6. consequencenoun [C] /kn.s.kwns/

/kn-/

a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or notconvenient:Not making a will can have serious consequences for the people you might wish tobenefit.Scientists think it unlikely that any species will actually become extinct as aconsequence of the oil spill.I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at theconsequences!Well, if you insist on eating so much, you'll have to suffer/take (= accept and dealwith) the consequences!

7. cover verb [T]

(PLACE OVER)

/kv.r/ /-/

to put or spread something over something, or to lie on the surface of something:The light was so bright that I had to cover my eyes.Snow covered the hillsides.She covered him (up) with a blanket.Cover the meat with a layer of cheese.The bandages were covered with/in blood.How much of the Earth's surface is covered by/with water?

8. caucus noun [C] /k.ks/

/k-/

(a meeting of) a small group of people in a political party or organizationwho have a lot of influence, or who have similar interests in the US, a meeting held to decide which candidate a political group willsupport in an election

9. transplantverb [I or T, usually + adv/prep] trnsplnt/

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/-sp nt

to move something, or to be moved, from one place or person to another:The plants should be grown indoors until spring, when they can be transplantedoutside.

June 11

10. resign verb [I or T] /rzan/

B2 to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving:He resigned from the company in order to take a

more challenging job.She resigned as director.She resigned the directorship.

11. accountableadjective /kan.t 12. constituent noun [C]

and listening to theirproblems.

-t-/

Someone who is accountable is completely responsible for what they do and must be able to give a satisfactory reason for it:She is accountable only to the managing director.The recent tax reforms have made government more accountable for its spending.Politicians should be accountable to the public who elected them.

(PERSON)

/knstt.ju.nt/

a voter (= person who can vote) in a particular area of the country:The MP worked hard, always talking to his constituents

13. PMO
Prime Ministers Office

14. tightlyadverb /tat.li/

firmly or closely:The baby was clutching his dummy tightly in his grubby fist.Many commuters are forced to stand, tightly packed in, like sardines.

15. script noun

(TEXT)

/skrpt/

[C] the words of a film, play, broadcast, or speech:Bruce Robinson wrote the script for 'The Killing Fields'.

16. backbencher noun [C] 17. injectionnoun [C or U] 18. outline noun [C]

(STUDENT) / kben.tr/ /-t/ The rear benches in the House of Commons where junior members of Parliament sit behind government officeholders and their counterparts in the opposition party. (DRUG)/ndek.n/

the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using aneedle and a syringe (= small tube):Daily insulin injections are necessary for some diabetics.This steroid is sometimes given by injection.

(DESCRIPTION)

/at.lan

a description of the main facts about something:If you read the minutes of the meeting, they'll give you a broad outline of what wasdiscussed.Some novelists start by writing an outline (= plan of the main points of the story).

19. criterionnoun [C] /krat.ri.n/

/-tr.i-/ (PLURAL criteria /-ri. / /-tr.i. /) a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something:The Health Service should not be judged by financial criteria alone.

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20. act noun [C]

(LAW)

kt

LEGAL

a law or formal decision made by a parliament or other group of people who make the laws for their country:an Act

of Parliamentthe Betting and Gaming ActAlmost two hundred suspects were detained in the UK last year under the Preventionof Terrorism Act.The state legislature passed an act banning the sale of automatic weapons.

21. legislationnoun [U] /led.sle. n/

a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by aparliament:[+ to infinitive] The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuelemissions from cars.

22. consultverb /knslt/

[T] to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with specialknowledge on a particular subject:If the symptoms get worse, consult your doctor.I'm not quite sure how to get there - I'd better consult a map.

23. stakeholder noun [C]

(SHARE)

/stekhl.dr/ /-hol.d/

a person or group of people who own a share in a business a person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who

is involved with anorganization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and aninterest in its success

24. sustainableadjective /sste.n.bl/

able to continue over a period of time: That sort of extreme diet is not sustainable over a long period.C1 causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able tocontinue for a long time:A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainabledevelopment in all countries.

25. involvementnoun [C or U] /nvlv.mnt/ 26. competitionnoun /km.pt. n/

/-vlv-/

the act or process of taking part in something:The team's continued involvement in the competition is uncertain.Being on the committee is one involvement I could do without.

/km-/

[U] a situation in which someone is trying to win something or be moresuccessful than someone else:Competition for jobs is intense.There's a lot of competition between computer companies.The two companies are in competition with each other.[+ to infinitive] There's fierce competition to get into that school.Foreign competition (= similar products from other countries) had reduced their sales.Why are you jealous of her? She's no competition!

27. burden noun [C] /b.d n/

/b-/

a heavy load that you carry:The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden.C1 something difficult or unpleasant that you

have to deal with or worry about:the burden of responsibilityMy elderly mother worries that she's a burden to me.Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples.

28. conspiracy noun [C or U] /knspr..si/

the activity of secretly planning with other people to do something bad orillegal:The three men are accused of conspiracy.[+ to

infinitive] She has been charged with conspiracy to murder.I think there was a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.

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29. chargeverb

(MONEY)

/td/ /trd/

to ask an amount of money for something, especially a service oractivity:How much/What do you charge for a haircut and blowdry?The bank charged commission to change my traveller's cheques.[+ two objects] They charge you $20 just to get in the nightclub.The local museum doesn't charge for admission.

30. price-fixingnoun [U]

an illegal agreement between two or more companies about what they will charge their customers:The European Commission is investigating allegations of airline fare price-fixing.

31. char verb [I or T] 32. plotnoun [C]

(BURN)/tr/ /tr/ (-rr-) to burn and become black or to burn something so that it becomes black:Grill the peppers until the skin starts to char.

(STORY)/plt/

/plt/

the story of a book, film, play, etc.:The film has a very simple plot.The plots of his books are basically all the same.

33. plead verb [I]

(REQUEST) /plid/ (pleaded or US ALSO pled, pleaded or USALSO pled) to make an urgent, emotional statement or request for something:He was on his knees, pleading for mercy/forgiveness.She appeared on television to plead with the kidnappers.[+ speech] "Give us more time," they pleaded.

34. guild noun [C] / d

an organization of people who do the same job or have the same interests:the Writers' Guildthe Fashion Designers' Guild

35. mosque noun [C] 36. tone noun

/msk/ /msk/

a building for Islamic religious activities and worship

(VOICE EXPRESSION)

/tn/ /ton/

[U] a quality in the voice that expresses the speaker's feelings or thoughts, often towards the person being spoken to:I tried to use a sympathetic tone of voice.Don't speak to me in that tone of voice (= angrily), young lady!It wasn't so much what she said that annoyed me - it was her tone

37. vowverb [T] /va/

to make a determined decision or promise to do something:[+ (that)] The guerrillas vowed (that) they would overthrow the government.[+ to infinitive] After the awful meals we had last Christmas, I vowed to do more of thecooking myself.

38. stay put

to remain in the same place or position:Just stay put with the cases, while I go and find a taxi.

39. back down phrasal verb with back

verb

to admit that you were wrong or that you have been defeated:Eventually, Roberto backed down

and apologized.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to builda nightclub on their street.

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40. clash verb

(FIGHT)

k /

[I usually + adv/prep] to fight or argue:Students clashed with police after demonstrations at five universities.The government and the opposition parties have clashed over the cuts in defencespending.

41. set the scene/stage(

ALSO

the scene/stage is set)

used to mean that conditions have been made right for something to happen, or that something is likely to happen:This

weekend's talks between the two leaders have set the scene for a peaceagreement to be reached.The stage looks set for a repeat of last year's final.

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