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Machines IV Assignment
Machines IV Assignment
REPORT TITTLE:
INDUCTION MACHINES DYNAMICS
5/3/2013
Student Number: 21141631
Lecturer Name:
Abstract
This experiment is proposed the dynamic simulation of a three phase induction motor
based on the theoretical calculation and the computer simulation.
The dynamic simulation plays a vital role in the validation of the design process of the
motor drive system and it is needed for eliminating inadvertent design mistakes and
resulting error in the prototype construction and testing. This report gives the simulation
of a dynamic performance of induction motor performed by the aid of the PSIM, a
computerized software package version 9.2.1.
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Acknowledgement
First and foremost I would like to thanks the Almighty God. Without his help and
blessing I would not have been able to finish this report.
I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to All Durban University of Technology
Lecturers who have provided me with information. All my colleagues and friends who
direct or indirectly have contributed for the completion of this report.
I would also like to thanks my family, specially my dear mother Isabel Jose for her
unlimited support and love and my girl friend Halala Zulu that have been so patient and
helpful.
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Contents
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ ii
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................................... iii
List of Symbols .......................................................................................................................................... vi
1- Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1- Objectives ........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0- The theory ........................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1- Methods of Monitoring Mynamic Condition in an Induction Motor .......................................... 2
2.1.1- Thermal Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 2
2.1.2- Torque Monitoring ................................................................................................................... 2
2.1.3- Noise Monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.4- Vibration Monitoring ................................................................................................................ 3
2.2.0- Behviour of an Induction Motor under Dynamic Condition ................................................... 3
2.2.1- Inrush Current .......................................................................................................................... 3
2.2.2- Voltage Dip............................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3- Frequency Dip ......................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.3- Acceleration Time ................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.4- Torque....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.5- Reactive Power and Starting Power Factor ........................................................................ 5
2.3.1- Mitigate the Problem of Dynamic Condition ........................................................................ 5
3.0- The Methodology................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1- The theoretical Calculations ......................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1- Starting Current Calculations ................................................................................................ 7
3.1.2- Zth & Vth Calculation .............................................................................................................. 7
3.2.0- Thevenin Equivalent Circuit....................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1- Rotor Current Calculations .................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2- Starting Torque Calculations ................................................................................................. 8
3.2.3- Slip at Maximum Torque............................................................................................................. 8
3.2.4- Maximum Torque ....................................................................................................................... 8
4.0- Induction Motor Modelling ................................................................................................................. 9
4.2- Discussion of the results ............................................................................................................. 13
4.2.1- Moto Current (Ia) ................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.2- Motor Speed .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.3- Motor Torque ......................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.4- Torque * Speed (Motor Power) ........................................................................................... 13
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List of Symbols
Vl
Line Voltage
Vph
Phase Voltage
Supply frequency
Ls
Stator inductance
Rs
Stator resistance
Lr
Rotor inductance
Rr
Rotor resistance
Lm
Magnetizing Inductance
Xls
Xlr
Xlm
Magnetizing Rectance
Ns
Synchronous Speed
Slip
SmT
Tst
Starting Torque
Ist
Starting Current
Z1
Total Impedance
Tem
Maximum Torque
Vth
Thevenin Voltage
Zth
Thevenin Impedance
Moment of Inertia
vi
1- Introduction
An induction motor is simply an electric transformer whose magnetic circuit is separated
by an air gap into two relatively movable portions, one carrying the primary and the
other the secondary winding. Alternating current supplied to the primary winding from an
electrical power supply induces an opposing current in the secondary winding, when the
latter is short-circuited or closed through external impedance. Relative motion between
the primary and secondary structure is produced by the electromagnetic forces
corresponding to the power thus transferred across the air gap by induction.
The essential features which distinguish the induction machine from other type of
electric motors is that the secondary currents are created solely by induction, as in a
transformer instead of being supplied by a dc exciter or other external power sources,
as in synchronous and dc machines.
1.1- Objectives
The purpose of this experiment is to study and analyse the behaviour of and induction
motor under the dynamic condition, when the motor is initially unloaded and later is
loaded and the load is increased from one value of inertia to the other. Then comparing
the results obtained from theoretical calculation and those obtained from the practical
simulation.
The followings are one of the condition monitoring method applicable to induction motor:
The minimum voltage dip for NEMA type B motors is approximately 80%, given a static
prime mover torque, so as to achieve the 150% of rated torque required to accelerate
the rotor during starting (NEMA, 2009).Tables describing general use and the lockedrotor starting kVA are given Appendix C. In power systems a common voltage dip limit
is 94% of rated voltage. Shunt capacitors and other reactive power compensators are
often used to improve voltage response.
2.2.4- Torque
The speed-torque curve is used to represent the required torques of the motor for
different speeds. During start-up the initial locked rotor starting torque must be met to
overcome the potential energy at standstill, and the accelerating torque must be
exceeded to maintain acceleration or the motor will stall (IEEE Std 399-1997, 1998),
(Larabee, Pellegrino, & Flick, 2005), and (Kay, Paes, Seggewiss, & Ellis, 1999)
Another starting technique is to control the applied torque of the attached prime mover,
such as the fluid coupling method. Other methods not discussed below include singlephase starting of a three-phase motor that can be found in work by (Badr, Alolah, &
Abdel-Halim, 1995). The reader is also referred to (Ansari & Deshpande, 2009) for a
review the problems associated with unbalanced voltage starting.
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data
VL= 380V
= 0.091
f = 50Hz
= 0.169
4 poles (p=2)
Rs= 0.54
ns =
Ls= 0.29mH
= 9.74
1500r.p.m
Rr= 0.056
Vph =
Lr= 0.54mH
= 219.4V
Lxm= 31mH
=0
J= 0.001kgm2
Table 1: Calculations
Xs
Rr
Xm 9.74ohm
Xr
r2(1-s)/s
Istarting =
= (0.194 + j0.091) +
= 0.357
= 614.56 A
Zth =
Vth = Vth X
= (219.34) X
= 217.28V
Xr
Rr
Vth= 217.28V
Ir =
= 602.86A
Tst =
= 389.62Nm
SmT =
= 0.1724
Tem =
= 875.67 Nm
For simulating the first experiment the figures below gives the detailed of the data
inserted: Figure (4) gives all the parameters of the motor, figure (5) gives parameters
required in the simulation control. Figure (6) gives the data for the external load
connected to the motor; figure (7) gives the parameter for the voltage steps. And figure
(8) gives the data for the supply power.
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11
Motor Current
0.5K
0K
-0.5K
-1K
Speed
2000
1500
Motor Speed
1000
500
0
-500
Torque
1000
Motor Torque
800
600
400
200
0
-200
Torque*Speed
1200K
Torque * Speed
1000K
800K
600K
400K
200K
0K
-200K
0
6
Time (s)
12
10
13
Vs
50Hz
380V
I_a
A
IM
Motor_Load
Speed Torque
Torque_Step
0
100
Simulator control
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Figure 11: Current, Speed, Torque & Torque * Speed wave forms
I_a
1K
Motor Current
0.5K
0K
-0.5K
-1K
Speed
2000
1500
Motor Speed
1000
500
0
Torque
1000
Motor Torque
800
600
400
200
0
-200
Torque*Speed
1200K
Torque * Speed
1000K
800K
600K
400K
200K
0K
-200K
0
6
Time (s)
15
10
16
5- Conclusion
It has been seen that after these experiments that the load plays a vital role in the
acceleration time of the motor, so the bigger the load the longer is the time for the motor
to reach its normal speed. Thats why induction motors suffers a lot when the load
suddenly changes.
7- Recommendations
It is recommended that in order to mitigate the problems with dynamics several methods
are being used such as:
Full voltage, reduced voltage, incremental voltage, soft-starter, and variable frequency
drives.
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9- Reference
Books:
Internet research
4- http://www.drivetechinc.com/articles/IM98VC1.pdf
5- http://www.montefiore.ulg.ac.be/~vct/elec047/dyn_of_ind_mac.pdf
6- http://www.jatit.org/volumes/research-papers/Vol5No6/16Vol5No6.pdf
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10- Appendix
10.1- Appendix (a)
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10.2-Appendix (b)
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