Environmental Impact Assessment Presidential Decree (PD) 1586: Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System (PEIS) The law

that requires that all agencies and instrumentalities of the national government including government owned and controlled corporations as well as private corporations, firms and entities must prepare an environmental impact statement for every proposed project and undertaking which significantly affect the quality of the environment. DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 03-30: PEIS Implementation Guidelines and Procedures

Air Quality Management Republic Act (RA) 8749: Philippine Clean Air Act (PCAA) of 1999 The law that provides a comprehensive air pollution control policy. Specifically, this legislative intends to apply air quality management in all sources in order to implement abatement and control of air pollution. DAO 2000-81: PCAA Implementing Rules and Regulations

Protected Areas Management RA 7586: National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 The law that provides a paradigm shift in PA management from the national government agency through the DENR to the local body known as the Protected Area Management Board (PAMB).The PAMB is a multisectoral body chaired by the DENR with representation from the local government units (LGUs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), people's organizations (POs), indigenous peoples (IPs) through their Council of Elders and national government agencies (NGAs). DAO 1992-25 NIPAS Implementing Rules and Regulations PD 705: Philippine Forestry Reform Code The law that defines the classification, management and utilization of forest lands and resources.

Water Quality Management RA 9275: Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 The law that provides a comprehensive water pollution control policy. Specifically, this legislative intends to apply water quality management in all water bodies in order to implement abatement and control of pollution from land based sources. DAO 2005-10 PCWA Implementing Rules and Regulations PD 1067: Water Code of the Philippines

Hazardous Substances and Wastes Management RA 6969: Philippine Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Act (PTCHNWA) This Act mandates the regulation, restriction, or prohibition of the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health and the environment.

DAO 92-29: PTCHNWA Implementing Rules and Regulations

Solid Waste Management RA 9003: Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (PESWMA) of 2000 The law was passed by Congress in December 2000 and signed by the President of the Philippines on January 26, 2001 with the aim of adopting a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program. DAO 2000- PESWMA Implementing Rules and Regulations

Multilateral Environmental Agreements

The main method available under international law for countries to work together on global environmental issues is the multilateral environmental agreement (MEA). MEAs are agreements between states which may take the form of soft-law, setting out non-legally binding principles which parties will respect when considering actions which affect a particular environmental issue, or hard-law which specify legally-binding actions to be taken to work toward an environmental objective.

New Zealands key obligations under the agreements

The 1992 Earth Summit
Several important MEAs were entered into at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, or the Earth Summit), which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Earth Summit produced five key documents on sustainable development issues.): two hard law the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Framework Convention on Climate Change which New Zealand has signed and ratified (see below); and three soft law the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, and the Forest Principles which were adopted by consensus at Rio.

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty or ABMT) was a treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons. Signed in 1972, it was in force for the next 30 years until the US unilaterally withdrew from it in June 2002.

Wikisource has original text related to this article: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

Contents

1 Background 2 ABM Treaty

2.1 Missiles limited by the treaty

3 After the SDI announcement 4 US withdrawal 5 References 6 External links

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at 16 U.S.C. 703712 (although 709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, at first enacted in 1916 in order to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United Statesand Great Britain (acting on behalf of Canada[1]). The statute makes it unlawful to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill or sell birds listed therein ("migratory birds"). The statute does not discriminate between live or dead birds and also grants full protection to any bird parts including feathers, eggs and nests. Over 800 species are currently on the list. Narrow exceptions to the act, known as the eagle feather law, are enacted in federal regulations (50 C.F.R. 22), which regulates the taking, possession, and transportation of bald eagles, golden eagles, and their "parts, nests, and eggs" for "scientific, educational, and depredation control purposes; for the religious purposes of American Indian tribes; and to protect other interests in a particular locality." Enrolled members of federally recognized tribes may apply for an eagle permit for use in "bona fide tribal religious ceremonies."[2]

The Act was enacted in an era when many bird species were threatened by the commercial trade in birds and bird feathers. The Act was one of the first federal environmental laws (the Lacey Act had been enacted in 1900). The Act replaced the earlier Weeks-McLean Act (1913). Since 1918, similar conventions between the United States and four other nations have been made and incorporated into the MBTA: Mexico (1936), Japan (1972) and the Soviet Union (1976, now its successor state Russia). Some of these conventions stipulate protections not only for the birds themselves, but also for habitats and environs necessary for the birds' survival. Constitutionally this law is of interest as it is a use of the Federal treaty making power to override the provisions of state law. The principle that the Federal government may do this was upheld in the case Missouri v. Holland.
Contents

1 Sections 2 History

2.1 Recent revisions

3 Impact on private property owners 4 Partial listing of covered species 5 Game birds and hunted species 6 Controversy 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

Antarctic Treaty System

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Antarctic Treaty)

The Antarctic Treaty

French: Trait sur l'Antarctique Russian: Spanish: Tratado Antrtico

Signed

December 1, 1959

Location

Washington D. C., USA

Effective

June 23, 1961

Condition

ratification of all 12 signatories

Signatories

12

Parties

50

Depositary

Government of the United States of America

Languages

English, French, Russian and Spanish

Antarctic Treaty at Wikisource

A satellite composite image of Antarctica.

The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population. For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice shelves south of 60S latitude. The treaty, entering into force in

1961 and currently having 50 signatory nations, sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, establishes freedom of scientific investigation and bans military activity on that continent. The treaty was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War. The Antarctic Treaty Secretariat headquarters have been located inBuenos Aires, Argentina, since September 2004.[1]
Contents

1 The Antarctic Treaty System

o o

1.1 Articles of the Antarctic Treaty 1.2 Other agreements

2 Meetings 3 Members 4 Antarctic Treaty Secretariat 5 Legal system

o o o o o

5.1 Argentina 5.2 Australia 5.3 United States 5.4 New Zealand 5.5 South Africa

6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit]The

Antarctic Treaty System

International ownershiptreaties Antarctic Treaty System

Law of the Sea Outer Space Treaty Moon Treaty International waters

The main treaty was opened for signature on December 1, 1959, and officially entered into force on June 23, 1961. [2] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during theInternational Geophysical Year (IGY) of 195758. The 12 countries had significant interests in Antarctica at the time:Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries had established over 50 Antarctic stations for the IGY. The treaty was a diplomatic expression of the operational and scientific cooperation that had been achieved "on the ice".

[edit]Articles

of the Antarctic Treaty

Article 1 The area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose;

Article 2 Freedom of scientific investigations and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 Free exchange of information and personnel in cooperation with the United Nations and other international agencies; Article 4 The treaty does not recognize, dispute, nor establish territorial sovereignty claims; no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 The treaty prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 Includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves but not the surrounding waters south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south; Article 7 Treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all activities and of the introduction of military personnel must be given;

Article 8 Allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 Frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 All treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 All disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the International Court of Justice; Articles 12, 13, 14 Deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations.

The main objective of the ATS is to ensure in the interests of all humankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord. The treaty forbids any measures of a military nature, but not the presence of military personnel.

[edit]Other

agreements

Disposal of waste by simply dumping it at the shoreline such as here at the Russian Bellingshausen base is no longer permitted by the Protocol on Environmental Protection

This 1959 cover commemorated the opening of the Wilkes post office in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Other agreements some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include:

Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (1964) (entered into force in 1982) The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972) The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(1980) The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities(1988) (signed in 1988, not in force) The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed October 4, 1991 and entered into force January 14, 1998; this agreement prevents development and provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas. It prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific. A sixth annex on liability arising from environmental emergencies was adopted in 2005 but is yet to enter into force.

[edit]Meetings
The Antarctic Treaty System's yearly Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) are the international forum for the administration and management of the region. Only 28 of the 49 parties to the agreements have the right to participate in decision-making at these meetings, though the other 21 are still allowed to attend. The decision-making participants are the Consultative Parties and, in addition to the 12 original signatories, include 16 countries that have demonstrated their interest in Antarctica by carrying out substantial scientific activity there.[3]

[edit]Members

signatory, consulting, claim to Antarctic territory

signatory, consulting, reserved right for territorial claim signatory, consulting signatory, acceding status non-signatory

Note: The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the

icon.

Country[4]

Original signatory

Consultative

Acceding

Argentina

(claim)*

June 23, 1961

Australia (claim)

June 23, 1961

Austria

August 25, 1987

Belarus

December 27, 2006

Belgium

July 26, 1960

Brazil

September 12, 1983

May 16, 1975

Bulgaria

May 25, 1998

September 11, 1978

Canada
ECOLOGY