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Homogeneous Catalysis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Homogeneous Catalysis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
(Redirected from Homogeneous catalyst) In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is a sequence of reactions that involve a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Most commonly, a homogeneous catalyst is codissolved in a solvent with the reactants.
Contents
1 Examples 1.1 Acid catalysis 1.2 Organometallic chemistry 1.3 Other forms of homogeneous catalysis 2 Contrast with heterogeneous catalysis 3 References
Examples
Acid catalysis
Main article: acid catalysis The proton is the most pervasive homogeneous catalyst [1] because water is the most common solvent. Water forms protons by the process of self-ionization of water In an illustrative case, acids accelerate (catalyse) the hydrolysis of esters: CH3CO2CH3 + H2O CH3CO2H + CH3OH
In the absence of acids, aqueous solutions of most esters do not hydrolyze at practical rates.
Organometallic chemistry
Processes that utilize soluble organometallic compounds as catalysts fall under the category of homogeneous catalysis, as opposed to processes that use bulk metal or metal on a solid support, which are examples of heterogeneous catalysis. Some well-known examples of homogeneous catalysis include hydroformylation and transfer hydrogenation, as well as certain kinds of Ziegler-Natta polymerization and hydrogenation.[2] Many non-organometallic complexes are also widely used in catalysis, e.g. for the production of terephthalic acid from xylene.
References
1. ^ R.P. Bell "The Proton in Chemistry", Chapman and Hall, London, 1973. doi:
10.1016/0022-2860(76)80186-X (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F00222860%2876%2980186-X) 2. ^ Elschenbroich, C. Organometallics (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 978-329390-6 3. ^ G. O. Spessard and G. L. Miessler "Organometallic Chemistry", Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997, pp. 249-251.
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