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Ionic equations & Redox reactions Write a balanced ionic equation for each of the following reactions. 1. When potassium chloride solution is mixed with silver nitrate solution. 2. When sodium bromide solution is mixed with silver nitrate solution. 3. When aqueous copper(II) sulphate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide. 4. When barium chloride solution is mixed with sodium sulphate solution. 5. Calcium metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. 6. Magnesium metal reacts with dilute sulphuric acid. 7. Zinc reacts with aqueous copper(II) sulphate. 8. Potassium hydroxide solution reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. 9. Sodium hydroxide solution reacts with dilute sulphuric acid.

Note:-

Oxidation number for elements in elemental form = 0. Fixed oxidation numbers O = -2, H= +1 except with a metal. All group 1 metals oxidation number = +1.

10. For the following, assign oxidation numbers to the underlined atom. (a) MnO42.. (b) H2SO4 . (c) PO 3.. (d) CrO42- 4 (e) KCl .. (f) Mg(OH)2 (g) CaCO3 .. (h) SO42 .... (i) H2CO3 (j) H2S .
11. Identify the following half-equations as either oxidation or reduction: (a) Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e... 2+ (b) Cu (aq) + 2e- Cu(s) ... (c) SO42(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) .. 12. When silver bromide is exposed to light, silver ions are reduced to silver atoms. (a) Write a balanced equation for this reaction. .......................................................................................................................

For Examiners Use

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....................................................................................................................... (b) Explain the terms ions and reduced ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (c) Has bromide ions been oxidised or reduced? Explain your answer. ...................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 13. Carbon monoxide detectors can be used in the home.

before reaction palladium carbon

after the reaction

(iii) Use information from the table to explain why this is a redox reaction. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... (c) Name one industrial process that uses carbon monoxide as a reducing agent. ....................................................................................................................... 14. (i) Deduce whether the named substances in the following equations have been oxidised, reduced or neither oxidised nor reduced. (a) Iron oxide + carbon monoxide carbon dioxide + iron Carbon monoxide has been .. (b) Sulphuric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium sulphate + water Sodium ions have been .. (c) Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s) Zinc metal has been ..

The orange spot turns black if there is a high concentration of carbon monoxide in the air. (a) Why is carbon monoxide hazardous? ....................................................................................................................... (b) The spot turns black when palladium(II) chloride reacts with carbon monoxide to form palladium metal. PdCl 2(s) (i) + + CO(g) Pd(s) + 2HCl (g) + CO2(g)

15. (a) The following reaction occurs when chlorine is bubbled into aqueous iron (II) chloride. 2Fe2+ (i) + Cl2 2Fe3+ + 2Cl Explain in terms of electrons, why chlorine has been reduced.

....................................................................................................................... . (ii) Name the salt formed in the reaction.

Complete the equation by writing the formula of the missing reactant in the box. (ii) Complete the table to show the oxidation states of palladium and carbon before and after the reaction takes place.

element

oxidation state

oxidation state

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(b) Aqueous iron (II) ions react with acidified potassium manganate (VII) according to the equation below. 5Fe
2+ (aq)

+ (i)

8H+(aq) + MnO4(aq) 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l) +

Mn2+(aq).

What is the reducing agent in this reaction? Explain your answer.

3 no change purple to colourless 4 no change no change Which solutions contained an oxidising agent? A. 1 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. 2 and 4 only 4. Which series of changes includes both oxidation and reduction? A. C CO CO2 B. PbO2 PbO Pb C. N2 NH3 NO D. C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 Which of the following is a powerful reducing agent? A. Manganese (IV) oxide. B. Potassium dichromate (VI). C. Sodium. D. Chlorine. A gas, when passed through aqueous potassium dichromate(VI), changed the colour of the solution from orange to green. Which gas was used? A. C. 7. chlorine oxygen B. D. ethane sulphur dioxide

. (ii) Describe briefly how aqueous potassium iodide can be used to test for an oxidising agent.

5.

. .......................................................... ............................................................. ....................................................................................................................... Choose the best answer. 1. Which of the following is not a redox reaction? A. Fe (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Fe2+ (aq) + Cu (s) 2+ B. Cu (aq) + Mg (s) Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s) C. NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s) D. Mg (s) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSO4 (aq) + H2 (g) 2. Q is an oxidising agent. It is added to each of the four reagents shown below. Which of the following colour changes is correct? reagent effects of adding Q A. aqueous bromine orange to colourless B. acidified potassium dichromate(VI) orange to green C. acidified potassium manganate(VII) purple to colourless D. aqueous potassium iodide colourless to brown Small portions of aqueous potassium iodide and of acidified, aqueous potassium manganate(VII) were added to four solutions. The colour changes seen are shown in the table. solution no. potassium iodide potassium manganate(VII) 1 colourless to red purple to colourless 2 colourless to red no change

6.

8.

Which one of the following equations shows a redox reaction? A. Ag+(aq) + Cl(aq) AgCl(s). 2+ B. Cu (aq) + OH(aq) Cu(OH)2(s). C. H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O(l). + D. 2Ag (aq) + Mg(s) 2Ag(s) + Mg2+(aq). Which of the following is not an example of reduction? A. Converting iodine molecule into iodide ion. B. Converting iron (III) ions into iron (II) ions. C. Liberation of hydrogen at the cathode during electrolysis. D. Dissolving a copper anode during electrolysis. In which reaction is the underlined substance acting as an oxidising agent? A. Chlorine with aqueous potassium bromide. B. Ethanoic acid with ethanol. C. Magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid. D. Sodium carbonate with dilute sulphuric acid.

9.

3.

10. Dry ammonia gas is passed over heated copper (II) oxide as shown in the diagram below. Copper (II) oxide Dry ammonia Nitrogen and water vapour Heat

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C. D. Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl

In the reaction the ammonia is A. Dehydrated C. Reduced

B. D.

Oxidised Neutralised

16. Which of the following changes is an example of oxidation? A. Chlorine atoms to chlorine molecules. B. Oxygen atoms to oxide ions. C. Chloride ions to chlorine atoms. D. Iron (III) ions to iron (II) ions. 17. Aqueous copper (II) sulphate is electrolysed using copper electrodes. Which equation represents the reaction taking place at the anode? A. Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e B. Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s) C. 4OH(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e D. 2H+(aq) + 2e H2(g) 18. Which of the following elements is the most powerful reducing agent? A. Aluminium B. Copper C. Lead D. Potassium 19. In which oxide does X have the same oxidation state as in the chloride, XCl3? A. X3O B. X2O C. XO2 D. X2O3 20. The manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact process can be represented as follows. S SO2 SO3 H2SO4 Which diagram shows the oxidation state (oxidation number) of sulphur at each stage of the process?
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2

11. The reaction between zinc and dilute acid can be represented by the ionic equation below. Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) Which one of the following is the correct change in oxidation state of hydrogen? A. 0 to +1 B. +1 to 0 C. 0 to +2 D. +1 to +2 12. Which one of the following gives three definitions of oxidation? Oxygen Hydrogen Electrons A. Addition Addition Addition B. Addition Removal Addition C. Addition Removal Removal D. Removal Addition Removal 13. Which element in the reaction below is oxidised? 2FeSO4 + Cl2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 2HCl A. Chlorine B. Hydrogen C. Iron D. Sulphur 14. The reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid may be represented by the equation below. Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 Which one of the following statement describes the conversion of magnesium atoms to magnesium ions? A. The change is a reduction because there has been a gain of electrons. B. The change is a reduction because there has been a loss of electrons. C. The change is neither oxidation nor reduction. D. The change is an oxidation because there has been a loss of electrons. 15. Chlorine reacts with aqueous potassium iodide to produce a brown solution of iodine and potassium chloride. Which one of the following ionic equations show the chemical change that has taken place? A. Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl B. Cl2 + 2I I2 + 2Cl

Oxidation number

Oxidation number

Oxidation number

Oxidation number

21. Samples of polluted air were passed through two reagents. Which would be obtained if the polluted air contained sulphur dioxide? Acidified potassium Aqueous potassium dichromate (VI) iodide

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A. B. C. D. Green to orange Green to orange No change Orange to green No change Brown to colourless Colourless to brown No change A. B. C. D. Acidified potassium dichromate (VI). Aqueos potassium iodide. Aquoes iron (II) sulphate. Dilute sulphuric acid.

22. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 reacts with silveroxide according to the following equation. Ag2O(s) + H2O2(l) 2Ag(s) + H2O(l) + O2(g) In this reaction, hydrogen peroxide behaves as A. An acid. B. A reducing agent. C. A catalsyt D. An oxidising agent 23. Which compound, when added to aqueous iron (II) sulphate, takes part in redox reaction? A. Ammonia. B. Potassium manganate (VII). C. Barium chloride. D. Sodium hydroxide 24. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, reacts with an oxide M2O. M2O(s) + H2O2(l) 2M(s) + H2O(l) + O2(g) What is the function of the oxide, M2O in the reaction? A. A dehydrating agent. B. An acid. C. A reducing agent D. An oxidising agent. 25. When a metal atom becomes an ion, it A. gains electrons and is reduced. B. loses electrons and is oxidised. C. gains protons and is oxidised. D. loses protons and is reduced. 26. Air polluted by sulphur dioxide was passed through the apparatus shown in the diagram.

27. Which of the following is not an example of oxidation? A. Converting iron (III) salts into iron (II) salts. B. Converting magnesium atoms into magnesium ions. C. Dissolving of copper anode during electrolysis. D. Liberating chlorine from a chloride. 28. In which reaction is the underlined substance reduced? A. Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2 B. 2Fe2+ + Cl2 2Fe3+ + 2Cl C. CO32 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O D. Br2 + 2I 2Br + I2 29. An oxidising agent is a substance which A. readily accepts electrons. B. readily gives away hydrogen atoms. C. readily accepts oxygen atoms. D. readily burns to form oxide. 30. Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) can be used to detect the presence of ethanol vapour in the breath of a person who has consumed alcohol. A colour change from orange to green is observed if ethanol is present. This shows that ethanol is: B. A catalyst. B. An oxidising agent C. An alkali. D. Reducing agent. 31. In the following reaction: MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 +H2O + Cl2 The substance HCl is acting as A. A catalyst. B. A dehydrating agent. C. An oxidising agent. D. A reducing agent.

air

Z
Which of the following solutions could be used as Z to show the presence of sulphur dioxide?

32. Potassium atom is changed into potassium ion K+ ions. The change is described as P because there is a Q of electrons by potassium atoms. P Q A. Reduction Gain B. Reduction Loss

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C. D. Oxidation Oxidation Gain Loss

33. Which of the underlined substances is reduced? A. SO2(g) + 2H2S(g) 3S(s) + 2H2O(l). B. 2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g). C. Cl2(g) + 2I (aq) 2Cl(aq) + I2(g) D. 2Na(s) + 2CH3COOH 2CH3COONa+(aq) + H2(g).