C.S.

Purushothaman
Managing Director
CREST PACKAGING PRIVATE LIMITED

CONTRACT PACKAGING PROFESSIONALS

lecture delivered at the

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PACKAGING
POST GRADUATE COURSE IN PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2001- 2002
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 SENSORY EVALUATION
a scientific discipline used to measure,
analyze and interpret reactions to those
characteristics of materials as they are
perceived by the senses of sight, smell,
taste, touch and hearing.

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WHAT IS SENSORY EVALUATION?
• A scientific discipline used

– evoke
– measure
– analyze
– interpret
• Reactions to characteristics of foods (and
materials) as they are perceived by the senses

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 SENSORY EVALUATION
is the best available tool for

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT

COMPATIBILITY STUDIES
&

SHELF LIFE STUDIES

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 SENSORY EVALUATION

USES HUMAN BEINGS

AS INSTRUMENTS
HENCE IT IS GOVERNED BY
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
IN THE PROCESS OF ASSESSING

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HUMAN BEING AS INSTRUMENTS

PANELISTS ARE :
❏Variable over time
❏Variable among themselves
❏Prone to Bias
❏Prone to fatigue and attention drift

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HUMAN BEING AS INSTRUMENTS

TO MINIMISE THESE PITFALLS :

❏Measurements must be repeated
❏Number of panelists must be high
❏Biases must be avoided or reduced

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 SENSORY EVALUATION

USES HUMAN BEINGS

AS INSTRUMENTS
HENCE IT IS GOVERNED BY
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
IN THE PROCESS OF ASSESSING

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 TYPES OF SENSORY TESTS

DISCRIMINATION TESTS

DESCRIPTIVE TESTS

DESCRIPTIVE

AFFECTIVE TESTS

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 DISCRIMINATION TEST

IT DETERMINES HOW PRODUCTS ARE

PERCEIVED AND THE SIGNIFICANCE
OF DIFFERENCE

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 DISCRIMINATION TEST

DETECTION OF SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE

SUITABLE FOR UNTRAINED OR TRAINED PANELISTS

PANELIST ONLY IF NO DISLIKE FOR PRODUCT

USED ONLY WHEN CHANGE IN FEATURE IS OBVIOUS

NO INFORMATION ON TYPE OF DIFFERENCE

REQUIRES 30 TO 50 PANELISTS

TOO HIGH & LOW NUMBER OF PANELISTS CAN BIAS

MORE THAN 100 PANELISTS CAN SKEW DATA

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 DISCRIMINATION TEST

TRIANGULAR TEST

DUO TRIO TEST

PAIRED COMPARISON TEST

RANKING TEST

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 TRIANGULAR TEST
B A B A

A A •Three samples given

•Two are same
•One different
•Identify ODD one

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 DUO TRIO TEST
R : RB

Three samples given

One labelled “R” ( reference)
Other two coded
One of the coded is identical to “R”
Identify CORRECT sample
Chance is 50 %

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PAIRED COMPARISON TEST
AB

•Pair of coded sample is given for some characteristic

(sweetness, saltiness etc)
•Identify the inferior sample
•FEWER SAMPLES REQUIRED
•Does not tell when both samples are bad

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 RANKING TEST

•Extension of Paired Comparison Test

•Three or more coded samples are given
•Rank for intensity of some characteristic

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 DESCRIPTIVE TEST

IT DETERMINES

THE SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES AND

HOW EXTREME ARE THOSE DIFFERENCES

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 DESCRIPTIVE TEST

SUITABLE FOR TRAINED PANELISTS

TERMINOLOGY USED S COMMON & KNOWN TO ALL

EXPENSIVE AS TRAINING IS NEEDED

TIME CONSUMING

TRAINING IN PRODUCT NEEDED

PANEL SIZE AROUND 10

DETAILED INFORMATION CAN BE COLLECTED

QDA (Quality Descriptive Analysis)

FPA (Flavour Profile Analysis)

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 DESCRIPTIVE TEST

Linear Score Card

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 LINEAR SCORE CARD
•Many types of scoring systems are used

•Can be unstructured, structured, or graphical

•Scale of 7 to 10 points taken

•Lesser than 7 not preferred

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 QUANTIFYING THE ATTRIBUTES
LINE SCALES
Structured Scale

Unstructured Scale

Anchored or unanchored

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 UNSTRUCTURED SCORE CARD

SAMPLE 1 2 3 4 5 6

SCORE

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 STRUCTURED SCORE CARD
SAMPLE No. ___
___________9Highest Score

___________8

___________7

___________6

___________5

___________4

___________3

___________2

___________1 Lowest Score

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 GRAPHICAL SCORE CARD
SAMPLE No. ___

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 AFFECTIVE TEST

IT MEASURES PREFERENCES FOR

PRODUCTS OR MAGNITUDE OF LIKE / DISLIKE

FOR A PRODUCT.

CAN BE USED FOR CONSUMERS OR TRAINED PANELISTS

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 AFFECTIVE TEST

Hedonic Test

Paired Preference Test
(Multiple Comparison Preference Test)

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 HEDONIC TEST
•GREEK TERMINOLOGY

•REFERS TO DEGREE OF LIKE OR DISLIKE

•9 POINT SCALE

•CAN BE COVERTED TO NUMERICAL

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 HEDONIC SCORE CARD
SAMPLE No. ___
___________Like extremely

___________Like very much

___________Like Moderatly

___________Like Slightly

___________Neither like nor dislike

___________Dislike slightly

___________Dislike Mderately

___________Dislike very much

___________Dislike Extremely

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PAIRED PREFERENCE TEST
Multiple Comparison Preference Test

•SIMPLE & OLDEST

•SAMPLES GIVEN

•CONTROL SAMPLE WITH HEDONIC VALUE GIVEN

•OFFERS A REFERENCE POINT AS A BASE

•INDICATE PREFERENCE & WHY ?

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 RADAR DIAGRAM for DIFFERENT BHELPURI SAMPLES

Sweet
10
Paper Sour

5
Green Chilly Hot
A
0
B
Stale Rancid C

Raw Burnt
Bitter

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 QUANTIFYING THE ATTRIBUTES
CATEGORY SCALES

NUMERICAL WORD HEDONIC

0 None Dislike extremely
2.5 Very Slight ---
5 Slight ---
7.5 Slight- Moderate Neither
10 Moderate Like / Dislike
12.5 Moderate- Strong ---
15 Strong Like Extremely

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PANELIST MAKING OBSERVATION

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 PANELISTS AT WORK

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 PANELISTS AT WORK

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 PRESENT DAY TREND

ELECTRONIC NOSE

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