AAKANKSHA INDUSTRIES

DECLARATION
I, SUNIL M KHILANI, a student of T.Y. B.B.A. of Shri DD NAGDA B.B.A. College hereby declare that this project report has been carried out successfully under the guidance of Prof. Pragnesh patel and staff members. The product project report is based on the Brass Part industry situated at JAMNAGAR. I am further declaring that this project report is not previously submitted to any college.

Date: 15-01-2005 Place: Jamnagar.

Sunil M Khilani

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is really a matter of great pleasure for me to present this creative and practical work. At this stage, project report is an important part of learning & every entrepreneur prepares it before starting of actual production. I have taken this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all those who helped me in the preparation of this report. First of all I would like to thank my parents who have encouraged me for preparing such a perfect product project report, then Prof. Pragnesh M. Patel for his guidance. I am also thankful to my senior friends who had helped me in preparing this product project report.

I am very glad to submit the report before the Saurashtra University. I have tried my level best to present the available information in the best possible manner.

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PREFECE
In todays world, the managerial ability is so demanded in the company. For doing the better managerial work, the person must have the knowledge of management. This knowledge is not only based on theoretical but also on practical. In short for being a good manager a person must have both the knowledge. I am extremely happy to submit this product project report on small-scale industries as per the syllabus of T.Y. B.B.A of Saurashtra University for particularly introducing the subject Entrepreneurship & Management of Small Scale Business. The main objective of this project report is to make students learn about various factors that should be taken into consideration before setting up an industry. In other words, it is purely, Entrepreneurship development & training for the establishment of small-scale industry. The contribution of SSI is more than 48% in the growth rate of the country. So, it is essential to understand management & working of SSIs as a student of management.

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CONTENTS
SR. PARTICULARS NO. A. PROJECT AT A GLANCE Name of Unit Communicational Address Product Form of Organization SSI Registration No. Location of the Unit Partners Name Total Investment Production Capacity B. GENERAL INFORMATION Introduction Proprietor Details Size and form of organization Location Justification PRODUCTION DETAILS Product Details Production Process Machines used in production system Quality Measurement Production Capacity PG. NO. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 13. 14. 15. 17. 18. 19.

C.

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D.

FINANCIAL DETAILS Application of Sources Fixed Assets Working Capital Requirement Sources of Finance Interest on capital Statement of Sales &Cost of Production Profitability Analysis Break even Analysis Ratio Analysis MARKETING DETAILS Market Potentialities Market Segmentation Competitors Details Pricing Policy Transportation CONCLUSION APPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY

20. 21. 21. 23. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

E.

F. G. H.

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PROJECT AT A GLANCE
TABLE -1 : PROJECT AT A GLANCE NAME OF THE UNIT PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONAL ADDRESS FORM OF ORGANIZATION SSI REGISTRATION NUMBER LOCATION OF UNIT PROPRIETORS NAME TOTAL INVESTMENT TOTAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY * 1 Gross = 144 pieces AAKANKSHA INDUSTRIES BRASS ELECTRICAL PARTS K-1, 77/7, UDHYOUG NAGAR, GIDC, JAMNAGAR-361004 PROPRIETOR FIRM APPLICATION IS MADE K-1, 77/7, UDHYOG NAGAR, GIDC, JAMANGAR-361004 SUNIL M KHILANI Rs. 73,50,000 30,857 Gross*

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GENERAL INFORMATI ON

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INTRODUCTION
The industrial structure of India can be classified into three main groups; they are large scale, medium scale & small-scale sectors. The small-scale industry plays an important role in Indian economy. The small-scale industries can be further sub divided into village or cottage industry & modern small-scale industry. Today, SSIs are ensuring more equitable distribution of the national income & they facilitate an effective mobilization of resources. Small firms are found co-existing with the large firms in the business world. The main reason behind this is the low cost strategy adopted by SSI with mixture of both the production techniques, i.e., Capital Intensive Techniques as well as Labour Intensive Techniques. This project report is related to a SSI of Brass Part industry namely, Aakanksha Industries located in Jamnagar, producing electrical brass parts. Brass Part Industry of
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Jamnagar is very popular all over the world so that I have seen so many opportunities of starting a SSI unit in the same industry. Jamnagar is at the leading place in the manufacturing of brass products all over the world. Here is the detail of the whole project related to the production, finance, etc.

PROPRIETORS DETAILS
TABLE 2: PROPRIETORS DETAILS 1. Name 2. Age 3. Communicational Address 4. Educational Qualifications 5. Financial contribution 6. Responsibility 7. Experience 8. Contribution in Capital Sunil M Khilani 25 years Kishan chowk, Near Dr. Ahujas house, Jamnagar-361005. B.B.A. 50% of total capital Production, finance, Marketing, and HR. 3 years 72,02,160 Rs.

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SIZE OF UNIT AND FORM OF ORGANIZATION

SIZE OF THE UNIT: The industry is basically classified in three scales. 1. Large Scale Industries, 2. Medium Scale Industries, 3. Small Scale Industries. Generally, Small Scale Industries can be classified as the company having capital investment in fixed assets less than one Crore. We are going to start a unit that comes under the head of Small Scale Industries, as the capital investment in the fixed assets is less than one Crore.

FORMS OF ORGANIZATION:1. Proprietorship or sale trading, 2. Partnership, 3. Joint stock company: [A] Public Limited company,
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[B] Private Limited company, [C] Govt. Company, 4. Co-operative Society. AAKANKSHA proprietor. INDUSTRIES is in the form of a proprietorship firm which is fully managed by the sole

LOCATION OF THE UNIT

One of the early decisions that an entrepreneur has to make is the choice of location of the business. The process of locating any firm in a particular industry is called industrial location. The entrepreneur has to locate the firm at such a place where the cost of production is lower. The aim of any business is the maximization of profit and minimization of cost of production. Thus an entrepreneur must think carefully while deciding the location of any industry. Meaning: Location means selection of place for establishment of industry where the cost of production is the lowest at the time of establishment. There are several factors, which are taken into consideration while selecting location of an industry.

RAW MATERIAL: The major component or major input, which is inevitable

part of any production process, is availability of raw material.

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Availability of raw material at proper time, at reasonable rate, in right quality, in quantity, etc directly affect the price of the final product. Here the Raw Material for any brass product is available locally. So there is not any problem related to the raw material. Thus there will not be any type of disturbance of stoppage of the production due to raw material.

LABOUR: Manpower input, i.e., labour could be put at second

number after raw material. Cheaper and efficient labour availability enrich the firm & thus, it is very crucial in nature. Aakanksha Industries is located in the G.I.D.C., where availability of labour is very easy.

MARKET: The main concentration of every product is to get potential

market, and proximity to the market is one of the most considerable variables.

TRANSPORTATION: Speedy transport facilities are needed for the regular &

timely supply of raw materials & finished goods. Most of our supply of finished products is from Jamnagar to Delhi. For this purpose we will use road transportation, as it is very cheap and available very freely.

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AVAILABILITY OF POWER: In an atomization industry, availability of power is very

important for its production functions. Even a single minute stoppage of production in such industries will be resulted in the loss of thousands of rupees. So, the availability of power is very important for continuous production of the products. In G.I.D.C., we are getting enough power supply through G.E.B. to continue our production process.

PRODUCTION DEPARTMEN T
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PRODUCT DETAILS
This is one of the Brass Electrical Parts mainly used for Electrical Accessories. Weight of 1 gross is 50 grams. Price of 1 gross is Rs. 23 per gross

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PRODUCTION PROCESS
Right now we are planning to produce Brass Electrical Parts mentioned earlier. These are the steps of the production process. 1. ROLLING OPERATION: After drawing of the Brass Roads, they are rolled in the rolling machines to increasing their length. 2. CLEANING THE ROADS: In this step the Brass Roads are cleaned through drawing machines and they are drawn from the Drawing Machines to

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reduce their diameters to make them clearer to increase their quality. 3. STRAITENING OPERATION: After making them cleaned, they are striated through straitening machine to avoid the stoppage of the final production. 4. CUTTING OPERATION: After the straitening operation, Brass Roads are cut in the particular sizes and in the particular shapes through the automatic machines. 5. THREADING & OTHER OPERATIONS: After the cutting operation, now they are in the form of pieces. In this step, we have to complete the work of threading in all the above pieces, which is also carried out through automatic machines. Thus, all these are the steps followed to carry out the production of the Brass Electrical Parts.

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MACHINES REQUIRED IN PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Through our production system, we are using all these machines. TABLE 3: OPERATION PERFORMED BY MACHINES SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. NAME OF THE MACHINE Drawing Machine Rolling Machine Straitening Machine
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OPERATION PERFOMED To decrease the diameter of the roads. To increase the Length of the roads. To make straight the

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4. 5.

Cutting Automatic Machine Threading Machine

Roads. To cut the Roads in particular sized pieces. To thread the cut pieces through the automatic machines.

Thus, all these are various machines used in our production process.

QUALITY MEASUREMENT
Quality is one of the important factor affect to the functioning of the firm. It must be taken into consideration before starting production of any product. Today customers believe in superior quality products rather than inferior quality products. As far as our products are concerned we have to be very keen for the quality of our products to reduce the chances of defectives. For this purpose we are using several quality measures to avoid such accidents. They are,

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1. We will arrange for all gauges those are necessary for the production of Brass Electrical Parts. For example, Hole Gauge 2. We will also arrange several size measurement equipments to measure the perfect size of the particular products like Venire/Micrometer, etc. 3. At the last the finished products are tested manually to avoid any complains from the customers regarding the quality of the products.

PRODUCTION CAPACITY
INSTALLED CAPACITY
TABLE -4: INSTALLED CAPACITY PRODUCT NAME Moulding nuts DAILY PRODUCTION 3,500 MONTHLY 25 DAYS 87,500 (In gross) YEARLY 300 DAYS 10,50,000

UTILIZED CAPACITY AT 60 %
TABLE -5: UTILIZED CAPACITY PRODUCT DAILY
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MONTHLY 25

(In gross) YEARLY

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NAME PRODUCTION Moulding nuts 2,100 1 Gross = 144 pieces

DAYS 52,500

300 DAYS 6,30,000

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FINANCE DEPARTMEN T

APPLICATION OF SOURCES FIXED ASSETS LAND

TABLE 6: COST OF LAND SR. NO. PARTICUALRS SQ. AMT. TOTAL (RS.) FEET PER SQ. FEET 1. LAND 5,000 500 25,00,000

BUILDING
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TABLE 7: BUILDING CONSTRUCTION DETAILS SR. NO. PARTICULARS SQUARE FEET 1. Manufacturing Shed 3,000 2. Raw Material Godown 100 3. Maintenance Store Room 80 4. Packing Room 100 5. Finished Goods Store Room 170 6. Office 250 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION 3,700 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION RATE / SQ.FEET 3,700 Square Feet 250 TOTAL 9,25,000

LAND & BUILDING

TABLE 8: COST OF LAND & BUILDING SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. LAND 2. BUILDING TOTAL AMT. 25,00,000 9,25,000 34,25,000

PLANT & MACHINERY

TABLE 9: DETAILS OF PLANT & MACHINERY

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SR. N O. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

PARTICUALRS Drawing Machine Rolling Machine Straitening Machine Automatic operation Machine Threading Machine Grinder Machine Weight measurement electronic machine TOTAL

QTY. 1 2 1 20 6 2 2

AMT. 21,000 20,000 7,000 19,000 12,000 4,000 20,000

TOTAL (RS.) 21,000 40,000 7,000 3,80,000 72,000 8,000 40,000 5,68,000

FURNITURE & OFFICE EQUIPMENTS

TABLE 10: FURNITURE AND OFFICE EQUIPMENTS SR. PARTICULARS AMT. N O. 1. Furniture 2, 50,000 2. Air Condition 30,000 3. Computer 40,000 4. Fax 5,000 TOTAL 3, 25,000

TOTAL FIXED CAPITAL

TABLE 11: TOTAL FIXED CAPITAL

SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4.

PARTICULARS Land Building Plant & Machinery Furniture & Office Equipments TOTAL FIXED CAPITAL
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AMT. 25,00,000 9,25,000 5,68,000 3,25,000 43,18,000

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WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS (PER MONTH) RAW MATERIALS

TABLE 12: RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Brass QTY. AMT. (RS. (IN K.G.) PER K.G.) 4,000 225 TOTAL TOTAL 9,00,000 9,00,000

PERSONNEL SALARY & WAGES

TABLE 13: COMPUTATION OF SALARY & WAGES SR. NO. PARTICUALRS 1. Supervisor 2. Administrative Staff & Accountant 3. Unskilled Workers 4. Skilled Workers TOTAL NO. 2 5 15 7 AMT. 1,200 1,500 800 1,000 TOTAL 2,400 7,500 12,000 7,000 28,900

UTILITIES
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TABLE 14: UTILITIES SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Electricity (Rs. 10/unit, i.e. 500*10) 2. Oil 3. Round Tools TOTAL Calculation of Electricity: Total connected load = 14 HP Per day consumption = 13% of the connected load * Shift hours = 13% of 14 HP * 11 hours = 1.82 * 11 hours = 20 units Per Month Consumption = 20 * 25 days = 500 units Per Year Consumption = 20 * 300 days = 6000 units TOTAL (Rs.) 5,000 1,000 1,000 7,000

DEPRECIATION
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TABLE -15: DEPRECIATION SR. N O . 1. 2. 3. Land & Building Plant & Machinery Furniture & other office Equipments TOTAL PARTICULARS RATE AMT. AMT. O OF F DEP. DEP. 10 % 34,25,000 3,42,500 25 % 5,68,000 1,42,000 12 % 3,25,000 39,000 5,23,500

REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE

TABLE 16: REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Repairs 2. Maintenance TOTAL AMT. 4,000 4,000 8,000

RENT & INSURANCE

TABLE 17: RENT & INSAURANCE SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Rent 2. Insurance Premium TOTAL AMT. Nil 10,000 10,000

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ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
TABLE 18: ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PARTICULARS Printing & Stationary Postage & Telegram Telephone Bonus and Incentives Others TOTAL AMT. 1,500 1,000 2,500 4,000 1,000 10,000

SELLING & DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES

TABLE 19: SELLING & DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Transportation Charges 2. Advertising & Sales Promotion 3. Other Expenses TOTAL AMT. 7,500 1,000 1,500 10,000

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TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT

TABLE -20: WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENT SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. PARTICULARS Raw Materials Personnel Salary Utilities Repairs & Maintenance Rent & Insurance Administration Exp. Selling & Distribution Exp. TOTAL AMT. AMT. (MONTHLY) (YEARLY) 9,00,000 1,08,00,000 28,900 3,46,800 7,000 84,000 8,000 96,000 10,000 1,20,000 10,000 1,20,000 10,000 1,20,000 9,73,900 1,16,86,800

TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

TABLE 21: TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Total Fixed Assets 2. Total Working Capital Requirements TOTAL AMT. 43,18,000 1,16,86,800 1,60,04,800

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SOURCES OF FINANCE
TABLE -22: PROVISION OF FINANCE SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. BANK FRIENDS & LOAN RELATIVES LAND 10,00,000 BUILDING 4,00,000 MACHINERY 1,00,000 68,000 FURNITURE 3,25,000 WORKING 21,00,960 48,08,680 CAPITAL TOTAL 32,00,960 56,01,680 DETAILS OWN TOTAL CONTRI. 15,00,000 25,00,000 5,25,000 9,25,000 4,00,000 5,68,000 3,25,000 47,77,160 1,16,86,800 72,02,160 1,60,04,800

SOURCES OF FINANCE
TABLE 23: SOURCES OF FINANCE SR. NO. PARTICULARS 1. Owned Capital 45% 2. Borrowed Capital: Bank Loan 20 % Friends & Relatives 35 % TOTAL AMT. 72,02,160 32,00,960 56,01,680 1,60,04,800

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INTEREST ON CAPITAL
TABLE 24: INTEREST ON CAPITAL SR. PARTICULARS RATE OF AMT. AMT. OF NO. INTEREST INVESTED INTEREST 1. Owned Capital 8% 72,02,160 5,76,173 2. Bank Loan 11 % 32,00,960 3,52,106 3. Friends & 9.5 % 56,01,680 5,32,160 Relatives TOTAL 1,60,04,800 14,60,439

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STATEMENT OF SALES & COST OF PRODUCTION

TABLE 25: SALES PRODUCT NAME Moulding Nut Annual Receipt QTY. RS. PER TOTAL (IN GROSS) GROSS 6,30,000 23.00 1,44,90,000 1,44,90,000

TOTAL COST OF PRODUCTION

TABLE 26: COST OF PRODUCTION SR. NO. (A) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (B) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PARTICULARS VARIABLE COSTS: Raw Material Personnel Salary & wages (80 %) Utilities Administrative Expenses Sales & Distribution Expenses TOTAL VARIABLE COSTS FIXED COSTS: Personnel Salary & Wages (20 %) Insurance Premium Repairs & Maintenance Interest on Capital Invested Depreciation TOTAL FIXED COSTS TOTAL COST OF PRODUCTION AMT. 1,08,00,000 2,77,440 84,000 1,20,000 1,20,000 1,14,01,440 69,360 1,20,000 1,20,000 14,60,439 5,23,500 22,93,299 1,36,94,739

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PROFIT ANALYSIS
TABLE -27 PROFIT ANALYSIS PARTICULARS Annual Receipt Total Cost PROFIT BEFORE TAX Income Tax Up to 100000 100000 to 150000@10 % 150000 to 250000@20 % Above 250000@30 % PROFIT AFTER TAX Nil 5,000 20,000 1,63,578 AMT. TOTAL 1,44,90,000 1,36,94,739 7,95,261

Les s Les s

1,88,578 6,06,683

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BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

Break Even Analysis is very useful in any business to know the break-even point that is the point at which the firm has neither loss nor profit. It is the main objective of any business to achieve the break-even point and then try to achieve more profit by increasing the sales of the products. It can be achieved by applying the formula given below. BEP Where, F.C. BEP = = Fixed Cost Sales Variable Cost 22, 93,299
x

Sales 1, 44, 90,000

1, 44, 90,000 - 1, 14, 01,400 = Rs. 1, 07, 58,888

Thus, the BEP is Rs. 1, 07, 58,888. If the estimated sale is achieved then the BEP points will be achieved in the very short period of time of less than 1 year.

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RATIO ANALYSIS
NET PROFIT RATIO NET SALES = 6, 06,683 = 4.20 % RETURN ON INVESTMENT = NET PROFIT INVESTMENT 100 100 1, 44, 90,000
X

= NET PROFIT

100

= 606683 X 100 1, 60, 04,800 = 3.80 %

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MARKETING DETAILS

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MARKET POTENTIALITIES
We believe that business segment in which we operate, offers opportunity for growth. We endeavor to harness our skill in quality, brand equity & distribution network to maintain our leading position. All our manufacturing facilities are fully equipped to meet the stringent quality demands & shorter delivery terms to the delight of the customers. Market potential of our company are all those people who use electrical home appliances, For example, Iron, TV set, Audio System, etc. and as we all know that with the increase in the consumption of such products, there will be increase in the demand of the Electrical Accessories also which will give rise to the Electrical Brass Parts also which are produced by us. Thus, all these shows that in nearest future there will be still more demand for the Electrical Brass Parts in the factories those manufacturing Electrical Accessories.

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MARKET SEGMENTATION
According to Philip Kotler marketing segmentation can be defined as The process of classifying customers into groups exhibiting different needs, characteristics or behaviour is called market segmentation. Every market is made up of market segments. Marketing segmentation means to divide a market into different groups of customers. Say for example, If a market is divided into two segments, one consisting of customers of metro cities and the other consisting of customers of non-metro cities, the criterion adopted is geographic segmentation. Thus, there are different variables, which can be used as criteria of market segmentation like geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral etc. we follow geographic market segmentation as our brass parts market is concentrated mainly at Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Banglore.

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COMPETITORS DETAILS
In todays business world, there will be hardly any field where there will not be competition among two or more units for increasing the market share of their products. Today this competition has reached to its top level. It becomes the cutthroat competition. The organizations have to adopt newer and newer technologies to survive in the market against such cutthroat competition that they are facing from their competitors. For instance, a giant organization HLL is also facing the competition from Nirma, P & G, etc. Same way, we are also facing the competition from various competitors in the local markets as well as from the overseas markets. If we talk only about the local markets, then also there are number of competitors available that are in the same field of manufacturing the Brass Electrical Parts. But as we all know that, Quality as well as Quantity both plays a very important role in competitive advantages, we have understood this technique and same thing applied to its business activities. It is providing the superior quality products in the required quality by the customers at the right time, without delaying the orders.

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PRICING POLICY
Pricing of the product is crucial element of marketing mix. On the one hand it is a complex mechanism and on the other it is simultaneously a strategic element as it is related to the perception of quality. Without price there cant be marketing. Price denotes the value of a product or service expressed in money. The most important task of any business is to decide its pricing policy. There are so many pricing techniques used in todays business activities. We follow the simple strategy of fixing the price of its products. It considers two factors in its mind, i.e., Cost of products and the competitors prices, at the time of fixing the price.

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TRANSPORTATION
In todays world transportation has become one of the most important tools of marketing in the business organization. It helps in many ways. Without proper transportation organizations can not make available its goods on time market. There are various types of transportation modes available in our country, like, shipping transport, road transport, railway transport and also the air transport. Organizations can selects any of the above transportation modes to move their products from the factory to the stores department and then to the end users. We use the road transport for the delivery of goods in domestic market the sale of the products.

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CONCLUSION
Thus, hereby, I myself and my partner Mr. Hemendra patel are concluding our product project report related to the manufacturing of Brass Electrical Parts. The Brass Products selected by us for the manufacturing, is too demanded for the further production of electrical accessories as there is increase in the consumption of electrical appliances, such as television, video, etc. We hope that the target we have set in the above estimations will be able to achieve very soon and will try to expand our business upto the highest level. We will also try to convert our partnership firm into Pvt. Ltd firm to achieve more successive levels.

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APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES Table No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. TOPICS Project at a glance Proprietors details Machines used in Production Installed Capacity Utilized Capacity Total Land Total Building Premises Cost of Land & Building Plant and Machinery Furniture and Office Equipments Total Fixed Capital Raw Materials Personnel Salary and Wages Utilities Depreciation Repairs and Maintenances Rent and Insurance Administration Expenses Selling and Distribution Expenses Total Working Capital Total Capital Investment Provision of Finance Sources of Finance Interest of Capital Statement of Sales Statement of Total Cost of Production Profit Analysis Pg. No. 06. 09. 17. 19. 19. 21. 21. 21. 22. 22. 22. 23. 23. 24. 25. 25. 25. 26. 26. 27. 27. 28. 28. 29. 30. 30. 31.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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It is too difficult to prepare such a project report without anyones help. Certainly, in the preparation of this project report, I have taken helps of so many factors. They are, Desai Vasant, Project Management, 2nd Edition, 1999, Himalaya Publishing House. Kapoor Sudarshan, Marketing Management, 1st Edition, June 1997, S. K. Publisher. Sharma Management, 4th Edition 2003-04, Kalyani Publishers Ravi. K. & Gupta Shashi K, Finance

Books of Jamnagar Brass Parts Association, etc

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