Verbs that take an infinitive verb + to-infinitive afford to do sth plans and decisions aim arrange choose decide

intend plan prepare propose vote expectations demand deserve expect hope reckon want wish would like yearn promises and refusals fail guarantee offer pledge promise refuse resolve swear threaten undertake vow other verbs afford verb + obj + to-infinitive persuade sb to do sth Many of these are causative verbs advise allow ask beg cause command convince dare enable encourage entreat expect forbid force get implore intend invite leave need oblige order pay permit persuade prefer press recommend remind request require teach tell train trust verb + obj + bare infinitive make sb do sth have let make verb + obj + (to-)infinitive help help can be used with or withoutto

agree allow (passive only) appear apply ask beg claim consent dare desire forget get happen help learn know manage mean need negociate plead pretend seek seem tend train volunteer wait

urge want warn would like

Verbs that take an -ing form verb + -ing form admit doing sth saying and thinking admit advocate anticipate consider describe deny discuss envisage imagine mention propose suggest liking and disliking adore appreciate detest dislike enjoy fancy feel like mind (neg and Qs) phrasal verbs carry on give up keep on put off can't can't face can't help can't stand other verbs advise verb + obj + -ing imagine sb('s) doing sth In more formal language we can use a possessive with these verbs when talking about a person or group of people I appreciate you(r) helping me advocate anticipate appreciate detest dislike dread envisage forbid forget forgive foresee hate imagine involve like love mind (neg and Qs) miss prevent recall recommend recollect regret remember resent risk start stop can't stand tolerate verb + obj + -ing form see sb doing sth We can't use possessive forms after any of these verbs, only object forms verbs of perception followed by an ing-form or a bare infinitive An -ing form suggests we see the event in progress, a bare infinitive suggests that we see the completed action. feel hear listen to look at notice observe overhear see sense watch can only be followed by aningform catch related verbs discover find smell other verbs keep leave

allow avoid delay encourage finish involve keep miss postpone practise quit recall recommend resent resist risk spend time tolerate Verbs that take an infinitive or an -ing form no difference attempt doing sth/to do sth attempt begin cease continue intend start little difference like doing sth/to do sth can't bear dread hate like love prefer difference remember doing sth/to do sth come forget go on mean regret remember stop try

Verbs + infinitive variations verb + for + obj + toinfinitive wait for sb to do sth appeal apply arrange verb + infinitive or perfect infinitive verb + bare infinitive

claim to be sth / have done should do sth / have done sth sth appear claim happen Modal auxiliaries can could

ask call clamour long opt pay plead press vote wait wish yearn

pretend prove seem tend reporting verbs

will would shall should may might must ought to semi-modals dare (in negs and Qs) need (in negs and Qs) other constructions have to be going to

Verbs which take a that clause verb + that + clause admit that + clause Reporting verbs admit anticipate answer believe boast brag calculate claim complain confess confirm consider declare demand deny disclose explain indicate verb + obj + that + clause verb + that + subj + (should) + bare infinitive persuade sb that + clause advise assure convince guarantee inform persuade promise remind tell threaten warn insist that sb (should) do sth In standard British English the version with should is usually used. In more formal British English and standard American English, the subjunctive form with the bare infinitive is preferred. In informal British English normal tenses are often used. advise agree ask beg command demand desire insist instruct intend order

mention order pretend profess recall recollect realise say state suggest threaten warn Other verbs (many of these can also be used for reporting) acknowledge advise advocate agree allow (admit) appreciate argue arrange assume check command decide demonstrate determine direct doubt dream envisage estimate establish expect fancy fear feel foresee

propose recommend request require stipulate suggest urge warn

forget guarantee guess hear hold hope imagine instruct joke know learn maintain mean notice observe plan presume promise propose prove reckon recognise regret remember reply report require resolve reveal see seem sense show suppose suspect swear think trust understand vow wish