Li M u

Trong nhng nm gn y, k thut thng tin v truyn s liu c nhng

bc pht trin mnh m. T cc khi mch s lin kt hu tuyn dn c
thay th thnh cc h thng thng tin truyn s liu v tuyn kt hp vi cc
phng php x l s tn hiu cho php truyn thng tin i xa hn, trn nn nhiu
ln hn, cng sut pht thp hn v di tn thng tin rng hn.
Mt trong cc yu t ci thin cht lng thng tin ny l cc h thng cc
anten thu pht kch thc nh v di tn rng, m trong phn t c trin khai
v nghin cu nhiu l anten vi di (microstrip patch antenna).
im mnh ca anten vi di so vi cc loi anten thng thng khc l kch
thc nh gn, linh hot v tn s cng hng, cu trc n nh v c bit l ph
hp vi cng ngh vi di hin nay ang c s dng rng ri trong vic ch to
mch in v cc IC chuyn dng. Khng nhng th, anten vi di cn rt ph hp
vi cu trc mng anten (array antenna) cho php tng li, nh hng v
hn th na c th kt hp vi cc gii thut x l s tn hiu to thnh cc
anten thng minh trong nhiu ng dng k thut cao.
Trong phm vi ti lun vn ny, chng ta s quan tm ti vic thit k thi
cng v m phng Dy Microstrip Patch antenna tn s cng hng 2.4 GHz.
u tin l nghin cu su vo mt patch antenna. Sau s a ra cch gii
quyt tng bng thng, Thit k mng array nhiu antenna tng li
nh hng ca anten ph hp vi cc m hnh thc t hin nay.
ti ny gm c 4 chng. Chng 1 v 2 tp trung vo vic phn tch l
thuyt v anten vi di, mng anten v cch phi hp tr khng vi ng truyn.
Chng 3 a ra cch gii quyt ba bi ton thit k anten vi di, tng bng thng
v cch phi hp chng thnh mng v dng thc hin m phng nhng g tnh
ton. Chng 4 s l thi cng v o c cc kt qu t c. Cui cng l phn
kt lun hng pht trin v ph lc bao gm chng trnh vit bng matlab
thc hin tnh ton anten vi di v cc thng s lin quan.

Li cm n
Chng em xin gi n Thy Trn Thanh Ngn li cm n chn thnh v lng bit
n su sc v s hng dn nhit tnh ca Thy trong sut qu trnh lm lun vn
ny. Thy rn luyn cho chng em tnh t lp nghin cu, nim am m vo
khoa hc k thut. Tt c nhng iu ny l hnh trang quan trng cho chng em
trn con ng chng gai sau ny.
Chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong khoa in-in T, c
bit l cc thy c trong b mn Vin Thng ht lng dy d v truyn t
nhng kin thc qu bu trong qu trnh hc trang b mt nn tng kin thc
vng chc hon thnh tt lun vn v sn sng cho cng vic tng lai.
V cui cng chng ti xin cm n nhng ngi bn trong nhm c nhng
gip , chia s, tho lun, ng vin trong qu trnh hon thnh Lun Vn.
Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 12 nm 2008
Sinh vin
T Lng Phan Nguyn
Phm Duy Bnh

ii

MUC LUC
DANH MC HNH V............................................................................................................
v
DANH MC BNG BIU......................................................................................................
vii

CHNG 1: ANTEN VI DI
1.1 GII THIU CHUNG V ANTEN VI DI...............................................1
1.1.1 Cc hnh dng c bn ca anten vi di ..................................................2
1.1.2 c tnh ca Microstrip Antennas (MSA).............................................3
..................................................................................................................................
1.1.3 Cc k thut cp ngun cho anten vi di (feed method)........................4
1.1.3.1 Cp ngun bng ng truyn vi di ....................................5
1.1.3.2 Cp ngun bng probe ng trc...........................................5
1.1.3.3 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe...............................6
1.1.3.4 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn ...............................6
1.1.4 Bng thng ca MSA.............................................................................7
1.1.5 Nguyn l bc x ca anten vi di..........................................................8
1.1.6 Trng bc x ca anten vi di .............................................................9
1.1.6.1 Th vect v mt s cng thc tnh trng bc x.............10
1.1.6.2 Cng sut bc x ................................................................11
1.1.6.3 Cng sut tiu tn...............................................................11
1.1.6.4 Nng lng tch ly............................................................12
1.1.6.5 Tr khng vo.....................................................................12
1.1.7 S phn cc sng..................................................................................13
1.2 CC M HNH PHN TCH ANTEN VI DI......................................13
1.2.1 M hnh ng truyn (Transmission line)..........................................14
1.2.1.1 Hiu ng vin (Fringing Effects)........................................14
1.2.1.2 Chiu di hiu dng, tn s cng hng v chiu rng hiu
dng.....................................................................................15
1.2.1.3 Bi ton thit k..................................................................17
1.2.1.4 in dn..............................................................................18
1.2.1.5 Tr khng vo ti tn s cng hng..................................19
1.2.2 M hnh hc cng hng......................................................................22
1.2.2.1 Cc mode trng TMx.....................................................23
1.2.2.2 Trng bc x - Mode TMx010.............................................26
1.2.2.3 nh hng....................................................................28
1.3 NH HNG GHP TNG H GIA HAI ANTEN VI DI..........30

iii

Chng 2: MNG ANTEN VI DI

2.1 MNG HAI PHN T...............................................................................33
2.2 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - NG NHT BIN V
NG NHT KHONG CCH...............................................................35
2.2.1 Mng broadside v mng End-Fire.......................................................38
2.2.2 Mng qut [Phased (Scanning) Array]..................................................41
2.3 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - CC C TNH BA CHIU.....42
2.3.1 N phn t nm dc theo trc Z.............................................................42
2.3.2 N phn t nm dc theo trc X hoc Y................................................43
2.4 MNG TUYN TNH N PHN T - KHONG CCH NG NHT,
BIN KHNG NG NHT.............................................................44
2.4.1 H s mng...........................................................................................44
2.4.2 Mng nh thc......................................................................................46
2.4.3 Mng Schebyscheff..............................................................................47
2.5 MNG HAI CHIU....................................................................................48
2.5.1 H s mng...........................................................................................48
2.5.2 rng bp sng.................................................................................50
2.5.3 nh hng.....................................................................................52
2.6 THAY I C TNH BC X CA MNG ANTEN HAI CHIU..52

Chng 3: THIT K V M PHNG ANTEN VI DI

3.1 THIT K V M PHNG MT PATCH ANTENNA VI DI..........55
3.1.1 Thit k.................................................................................................55
..................................................................................................................................
3.1.2 M phng.............................................................................................58
..................................................................................................................................
3.2 M RNG BNG THNG.......................................................................62
3.2.1 Thit k................................................................................................62
3.2.2 M phng.............................................................................................63
3.3 THIT K V M PHNG DY ANTEN VI DI.................................66
3.3.1 Thit k................................................................................................66
3.3.1.1 Mng 4 phn t ..................................................................66
3.3.1.2 Mng 16 phn t ................................................................68
3.3.2 M Phng Array...................................................................................71

Chng 4: THI CNG V O C

4.1 THI CNG MICROSTRIP ANTENNA....................................................75
4.2 O C CC THNG S CHO SMA....................................................76
4.2.1 Gii thiu thit b Network Analyzer....................................................77
4.2.2 Cc thng s ca anten ........................................................................79
4.2.2.1 Patch antenna vi ming xp m khng kh.....................79
4.2.2.2 Mng bao gm bn patch antenna.......................................82

iv

KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN.................................................85

PH LC.....................................................................................................87
TI LIU THAM KHO..........................................................................91

Danh mc hnh v
CHNG 1: ANTEN VI DI
Hnh 1.1 Anten vi di.........................................................................................1
Hnh 1.2 Cc dng anten vi di thng dng.......................................................2
Hnh 1.3 Cp ngun dng ng truyn vi di..................................................5
Hnh 1.4 Cp ngun dng cp ng trc........................................................5
Hnh 1.5 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp khe Aperture coupled..............6
Hnh 1.6 Cp ngun dng phng php ghp gn Proximity Coupled...........6
Hnh 1.7 Phn b in tch v dng in trong anten vi di hnh ch nht........8
Hnh 1.8 Hng s in mi hiu dng..............................................................15
Hnh 1.9 Chiu di vt l v chiu di hiu dng ming patch........................17
Hnh 1.10 Patch ch nht v mch tng ng trong m hnh ng truyn..18
Hnh 1.11 Thay i v tr im feed c tr khng vo ph hp.....................21
Hnh 1.12 Phn b in tch v dng in.........................................................22
Hnh 1.13 Phn tch m hnh anten vi di trn trc ta .................................24
..................................................................................................................................
Hnh 1.14 Cc mode trng bc x anten vi di................................................26
Hnh 1.15 Sp xp anten vi di trong mt phng E v H...................................30

Chng 2: MNG ANTEN VI DI

Hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.2
Hnh 2.3
Hnh 2.4

Bn dng hnh hc ca anten mng...................................................32

Dng hnh hc ca mng 2 phn t t dc theo trc z.....................33
Trng vng xa v s pha ca mng N phn t isotropic............36
th bc x ba chiu ca cc mng
broadside v broadside/end-fire.........................................................39
..................................................................................................................................
Hnh 2.5 th bc x hai chiu ca cc mng
broadside v broadside/end-fire.........................................................40
Hnh 2.6 th bc x ba chiu v hai chiu ca mng qut ng nht gm
10 phn t (N=10, = kd cos 0 , 0 =600, d= / 4 )............................42

Hnh 2.7 Mng tuyn tnh N phn t isotropic t dc theo trc x.................43
Hnh 2.8 Cch b tr cc anten phn t...........................................................45
Hnh 2.9 Tng quan h s bin an ca mng 10 phn t..........................47
Hnh 2.10 Dng hnh hc ca mng tuyn tnh v mng hai chiu....................49
Hnh 2.11 Cc rng bp sng na cng sut ca bp sng chnh c hng
0 v 0.............................................................................................51
Hnh 2.12 S khi qu trnh tc ng tn hiu thng qua trng s phc.......53

Chng 3: THIT K V M PHNG ANTEN VI DI

Hnh 3.1 Bin i phi hp tr khng..............................................................57
Hnh 3.2 Hnh dng ca ming patch c thit k....................................58
Hnh 3.3 Ca s chng trnh m phng.........................................................59
Hnh 3.4 p ng tn s ca thng s S11........................................................59
Hnh 3.5 Phn b E v H mt phng =00 v =900...................................60
Hnh 3.6 th bc x 3D...............................................................................61
Hnh 3.7 p ng tng dn-tn s...................................................................61
Hnh 3.8 M phng ming patch c in mi l khng kh.............................63
Hnh 3.9 H sng sng ti v sng phn x S11...............................................63
Hnh 3.10 th bc x 3D...............................................................................65
Hnh 3.11 th Smith biu din phi hp tr khng.......................................65
Hnh 3.12 H thng mng 2 chiu.....................................................................66
Hnh 3.13 H thng mng 2 chiu 2x2 thit k.............................................66
Hnh 3.14 H s sp sp ca mng vi N=2, d=/2, ng pha v bin .........67
Hnh 3.15 th 3D bc x ca h s mng.....................................................68
Hnh 3.16 Mng 4x4 -16 phn t.......................................................................68
Hnh 3.17 th 3D h s sp xp c tnh ton........................................70
Hnh 3.18 Array antenna nhn t trn xung......................................................71
Hnh 3.19 Ca s m phng mng anten...........................................................71
Hnh 3.20 p ng tn s ca thng s S..........................................................72
Hnh 3.21 Phn b E v H mt phng =00 v =900 ca array....................73
Hnh 3.22 th bc x trong khng gian 3 chiu............................................73
Hnh 3.23 p ng tng tr theo tn s.............................................................74

Chng 4: THI CNG V O C

Hnh 4.1 Microstrip antenna vi lp in mi l khng kh (xp) cho
bng thng rng................................................................................75
Hnh 4.2 Mng Microstrip antenna ghp 4 ming trn lp in mi FR4.........76
Hnh 4.3 Thit b Network Analyzer (mt trc).............................................77
Hnh 4.4 Kt ni gia anten vi thit b o Network Analyzer........................78
Hnh 4.5 Thng s S11 trn my o Network Analyzer....................................79
vi

Hnh 4.6 H s sng ng ca patch antenna in mi khng kh...................80

Hnh 4.8 th phn o tr khng antenna.....................................................81
Hnh 4.7 th phn thc tr khng vo ca antenna.....................................81
Hnh 4.9 H s S11 ca array antenna...............................................................82
Hnh 4.10 H s sng ng ca array antenna...................................................82
Hnh 4.11 Phn thc tr khng ca array antenna.............................................83
Hnh 4.12 Phn o tr khng array antenna.......................................................84

Danh mc bng biu

Bng 2.1 Cc im null, cc i na cng sut, cc i bp sng ph cho
mng broadside ng nht bin ......................................................40
Bng 2.2 Cc rng bp sng cho mng broadside ng nht bin ............41
Bng 3.1 Cc thng s anten thit k..................................................................55
Bng 3.2 Cch thng s tnh ton patch anten vi di 2.4 GHz............................57
Bng 3.3 Cch thng s ng microstrip line vi r = 4.5, h = 1.6mm ...............58
Bng 3.4 Thng s S11ca mt patch microstrip antenna....................................60
Bng 3.5 Thng s S11 ca lp patch khng kh..................................................64
Bng 3.6 H s S11 theo tn s.............................................................................72

vii

viii