Revision Tutorial 1.

An engine working on the air standard Dual Combustion Cycle has a single cylinder whose bore is 10 cm and stroke is 20 cm. The clearance volume of the cylinder is 6 % of the swept volume. The suction conditions are 1 bar and 30 oC. The maximum cycle pressure is 75 bar. The volume cut-off ratio,, is 1.80. Sketch the p-V and T-s diagrams for this cycle and determine the: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
2.

compression ratio, heat supplied (in kJ/kg), heat rejected (in kJ/kg), nett work done (in kJ/kg), thermal efficiency of the cycle.

(Ans: 17.67,1270.9,449,821.9,64.7%.)

An engine operating on the dual combustion cycle has a compression ratio of 18:1. At the beginning of the cycle, the pressure and temperature are 1.01 bar and 30 oC. The maximum cycle pressure and temperature are 70 bar and 1500 oC. Sketch the p-V and T-s diagrams of this cycle and determine the: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) cut off ratio, heat supplied in kJ/kg, heat rejected in kJ/kg, nett work done in kJ/kg, thermal efficiency.

(Ans: 1.52, 755.9, 256.1, 499.8, 0.661)

3.

Superheated steam at 50 bar absolute and 400o C (point 1) expands isentropically to 2 bar absolute in a high pressure stage turbine. The steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 300 o C before passing through the low-pressure stage turbine to a condenser pressure of 0.05 bar absolute. The low pressure stage turbine has an isentropic efficiency 90%. Neglect the feedpump work and calculate the: (a) work output in kJ/kg, (b) heat supplied in kJ/kg, (c) thermal efficiency of the cycle, (d) specific steam consumption in kg/kwh.

(Ans: 1276, 3612, 0.353, 2.82)

4.

A 200 MW steam plant operates on the Rankine cycle with superheat and reheat. The steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 110 bar absolute and 500 oC. After isentropic expansion, the steam leaves the high-pressure turbine at 10 bar absolute. The steam is then reheated at constant pressure to 500 oC before it expands to a pressure of 0.05 bar absolute in the low-pressure turbine. The low-pressure turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 80 %. Sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle and neglecting the feed pump work, find the: b c (a) (b) (c) (d) dryness fraction of the steam leaving the high pressure turbine, thermal efficiency of the cycle, specific steam consumption, mass flow rate of steam in kg/s. (Ans: 0.9894, 0.378, 2.41, 134)

5.

A single stage, single acting air compressor operates at 800 rpm. It has a bore of 120 mm and a stroke of 150 mm. The clearance volume is 3 % of the swept volume. The intake conditions are 1.01 bar and 32 oC and the delivery pressure is 8 bar. The index of compression and expansion (n) is 1.3. Sketch the p-V diagram for the cycle and calculate the: (a) (b) induced volume (in m3/s), mass flow rate (in kg/s),

(c) (d)
6.

volumetric efficiency at inlet conditions indicated power (in kW).

(Ans: 01996,.02303,0.8827,5.347)

A single stage air compressor has a bore of 50 mm and a stroke of 60 mm. The clearance volume is 8% of the swept volume. The intake conditions are 110 kN/m2 and 32oC and the delivery pressure is 400 kN/m2. Draw the p-V diagram for this compressor cycle. The compression and expansion processes are polytropic with n = 1.3. The compressor speed is 2900 rpm. Take atmospheric conditions to be 101.3 kN/m 2 and 27 oC and calculate the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) induced volume in m3, F.A.D. per sec., volumetric efficiency at atmospheric conditions, volumetric efficiency at inlet conditions, indicated power (kW). ( Ans: 0.1018 x 10-3 m3, 5.25 x 10-3 m3/s, 92.3%, 86.4%, 0.814 kW)

7.

A pipe has an inlet diameter of 0.2 m and an outlet diameter of 0.4 m. Water enters the pipe at 2 m above the ground with a velocity of 2.8 m/s and a pressure of 150 kN/m2. It leaves the pipe at 6 m above the ground. Determine the: (a) (b) (c) potential head, velocity head, pressure head and total head at the inlet, velocity head and pressure head at the outlet, volume flow rate of the water. (Ans:2,0.4,15.29,17.69,0.025,11.66,0.088)

8.

Water is flowing inside a pipe inclined at an angle to the ground. Section (1) of this pipe is 4 m above the ground. It has a diameter of 0.2 m, a pressure of 125.57 kN/m2 and a velocity of 5.85 m/s. Section (2) of the pipe is 8 m above the ground and has a diameter of 0.3 m. Determine the: (a) (b) (c) volumetric flowrate of the water, total head at section (1), velocity and pressure at section (2).

(Ans:0.184m3/s, 18.544m,2.60m/s,100kN/m2)

9.

Water flowing from left to right (x-axis) out of a nozzle hits a flat plate placed on the right side. If the diameter of the water jet is 25 mm and the velocity is 10.18 m/s, calculate the magnitude and direction (angle measured from the x-axis) of the resultant force on the plate. Take the density of water as 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity (g) as 9.81m/s2. (Ans:50.93N, 0o) A fixed curved vane deflects a jet of water through an angle of 60 o. The jet enters the vane tangentially with a velocity of 35 m/s and leaves it with a velocity of 30 m/s. If the jet has a mass flow rate of 2 kg/s, calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the vane. Take the density of water as 1000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity (g) as 9.81m/s2. (Ans:65.57N at 52.41o)

10.