MM2105 / MM8311 SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2011/2012 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year (A/B) Full-time

Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering 2nd Year (A/B) Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics and Robotics 2nd Year (A/B) Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year (A/B) Full-time Diploma in Resort and Facilities Services and Management 2nd Year (B/A) Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year (B/A) Evenings-Only MECHANICS II Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2. The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of two sections: Section I (3 questions.) [48 marks] Section II (3 questions.) [52 marks] 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Answer ALL questions in Section I and any TWO questions in Section II. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 8. Take g = 9.81 m/s. The Reference Table for Simple Loadings is provided on page 9. This examination paper consists of 9 pages. Page 1 Time Allowed: 2 Hours

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MM2105 / MM8311 ---------Section I [48 marks] (each question carries 16 marks) ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1. A solid shaft is to be designed to transmit 80 kW of mechanical power at 500 rpm along a length of 1 m. The intended material to be used has a maximum allowable shear stress of 48 MN/m2. Take the Modulus of Rigidity of the material, G=90 GN/m2. (a) Calculate the required diameter of this solid shaft and the angle of twist (in degrees). (6 marks) An alternative design with a hollow shaft is suggested. The ratio between the inner diameter and the outer diameter is to be 0.5. (b) Calculate the required diameters of this proposed hollow shaft under the same loading condition. (4 marks) (c) Sketch the shear stress distribution diagrams for both the solid and hollow shaft. (4 marks) (d) Which shaft design would you choose and why? (2 marks)

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Q2.

A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig Q2. The velocity ratio of the crab winch is 10 and the diameters of the effort and load pulleys are 300 mm and 200 mm respectively.

N1 = 30 teeth 1 2 3 4 N2 = 60 teeth N3 = 30 teeth N4 = 100 teeth W

E Fig Q2. (a)

When using the machine, it was found that 100 N effort would lift a load of 420 N and 250 N effort would lift a load of 1550 N. Show that the law of the machine is: E = 0.1327W + 44.27 N (4 marks)

(b)

For a load of 1200 N, calculate the actual effort, ideal effort and friction effort and hence the mechanical advantage and efficiency required to lift this load. (5 marks) Calculate the power required to raise a load of 1200 N at a uniform speed of 0.1 m/s. (3 marks) What is the reduction in friction effort required to raise the efficiency to 70% for the same load of 1200 N? (4 marks)

(c) (d)

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Q3.

An electric toy car of mass 1.3 kg moves round the inside of a vertical circular track at 27 km/h. The track has a radius of 1.55 m. Using free body diagrams, calculate (a) the maximum normal reaction acting on the toy car. (b) the minimum normal reaction acting on the toy car. (4 marks) (4 marks)

(c) the minimum toy car speed ( in km/h) in order not to fall off at the highest point on the track. (4 marks) On reaching the ground level, the electric toy car moves round a horizontal curve track of radius 3.6 m at 30 km/h. (d) What is the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on the wheels of the toy car? (4 marks)

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Section II [52 marks] (each question carries 26 marks) ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS Q4. A steel beam has a cross section consisting of a plate welded to a rectangular hollow section as shown in Fig Q4(a). The centroid G is 48.43 mm from the base as indicated in the figure. The beam 1.6 m long is simply supported at the ends A and C, and carries a load W acting 1.0 m from A as shown in Fig Q4(b).

All dimensions in mm.

100 mm

g
48.43

g
4 thk 70 4 thk A 1.0 m B 0.6 m C

50

Simply supported welded structure

Cross section of welded structure

Fig Q4(b)

Fig Q4(a) (a) Show that the second moment of area about the horizontal centroidal axis, Igg of the section is 1.047 x 10-6 m4. (7 marks) (b) If W = 2,200 N, show that the maximum bending moment is 825 Nm. (5 marks)

(c) Determine the radius of curvature of the beam, given that the Youngs Modulus of Elasticity for steel is 210 GN/m2. (3 marks) (d) Calculate the maximum tensile and compressive stresses induced. (8 marks)

(e) Sketch the bending stress distribution diagram, indicating the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in (d). (3 marks) 2011/2012/S1 Page 5

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Q5.

The hoist drum in Fig Q5 raises a load of 50kg from rest with an acceleration of 0.8m/s2. The hoist drum has a mass of 30kg, an effective diameter of 0.8m and a radius of gyration of 0.25 m. The friction torque at the drum bearing is 20Nm. (a) (b) Sketch the Free Body Diagrams for the cage and the hoist drum. Determine the : (i) (ii) (iii) tension in the cable angular acceleration of the drum torque required on the drum to accelerate the load. (3 marks) (2 marks) (4 marks) (6 marks)

After the acceleration for 5 seconds, the load velocity remains constant for 5 seconds. (c) (d) (e) Determine the torque required on the drum to maintain the load at the constant velocity. (4 marks) Find the constant velocity during the 5 seconds. (2 marks)

Find the braking torque required to bring it to rest from this velocity in another 5 seconds. (5 marks)

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Fig Q5. Q6. A four-wheel trolley of mass 40 kg starts from rest and rolls down a slope of 30 for 10 m as shown in Fig Q6. The moment of inertia about the axis of rotation of each axle and its two wheels is 0.01 kgm2. The effective wheel diameter is 0.1 m. The tractive resistance to motion is 45 N. Determine (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) the potential energy of the trolley at X if Y is taken as the datum. (5 marks) the velocity of the trolley when it reaches point Y using the Principle of Conservation of Energy (9 marks) the total kinetic energy of the trolley at Y (4 marks) the time taken for the trolley to move from X to Y. (5 marks) the distance travelled by the trolley along the horizontal from Y before coming to a complete stop. (3 marks)

XY = 10m 10 m Y 2011/2012/S1 30 Page 7 X

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(5 marks) Fig Q6. ***********

LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r 2011/2012/S1 I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Page 8

MM2105 / MM8311 Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle)

N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1 Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 R

Reference Table for Simple Loadings

Simply supported beam with central point load

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Cantilever beam with point load

Cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

W w (N/m ) w (N/m ) L L

F B D

+W/2

+ wL/2

0 2011/2012/S1

0
W/2

0
wL/2

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W WL

B M D

WL/4

+wL2/8

0 0 0 0

0
WL

wL2/2

Note: W denotes a concentrated (point) load and may be defined in Newton or kilo-Newton. W denotes a UDL and may be defined in Newton per metre or kilo-Newton per metre.

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