MM2105 / MM8311 SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2010/2011 SEMESTER TWO EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year (B) Full-time

Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering 2nd Year (B) Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year (B) Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year (A) Full-time Diploma in Resort Facilities and Services and Management 2nd Year (B) Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year (B) Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of 5 questions. Answer any FOUR questions. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 7. Take g = 9.81 m/s. The Reference Table for Simple Loadings is provided on page 8. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. Page 1 Time Allowed: 2 Hours

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MM2105 / MM8311 ---------ANSWER ANY FOUR QUESTIONS Q1. A beam with a span of 5 m is simply supported at its ends. The cross section is shown in Fig Q1(a). It is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m over its entire span. (a) Show that the centroid of the beam y from the base is 175 mm and second moment of area about the neutral axis is 421.2 x 10-6 m4. (9 marks) (b) Calculate the maximum bending stresses induced. (8 marks) (c) Sketch the stress distribution diagram, indicating where the maximum stresses occur. (3 marks) (d) Determine the maximum bending stresses induced for the same load if the x-section of the beam is placed as shown in Fig Q1(b). (5 marks)

G G G
120 300

All dimensions in mm _ y = 175

100

Fig Q1.
100 100 120 120

Fig Q1(a)

240

G G

300

Fig Q1(b) 2010/2011/S2 Page 2

MM2105 / MM8311 Q2. (a) A hollow shaft is to transmit power at 100 rev/min. The external diameter is 200mm and the internal diameter is 50mm. The maximum torque is 1.5 times the mean torque. The maximum shear stress is limited to 150MN/ m, G=80GN/m2 Determine (i) the maximum torque that can be transmitted. (ii) the power transmitted at 100 rev/min. (iii) the maximum angle of twist in a length of 1m. (6 marks) (4 marks) (3 marks)

(b) A stone of mass 2kg attached to the end of a light cable of length 1.2m is whirled in a horizontal circle. With the aid of free body diagrams, determine (i) the magnitude and direction of the force to keep the mass moving at a speed of 30rpm. (4 marks) (ii) the maximum cable tension when the body is whirled in a vertical circle at the same speed. (4 marks) (iii) the least velocity (in m/s) required to keep the body in a vertical circular motion. (4 marks)

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MM2105 / MM8311 Q3. A cargo lift of mass 3800 kg is raised from rest using a hoist drum of 1.4 m diameter and a steel cable (see Fig Q3). The hoist drum has a mass of 289 kg and a radius of gyration of 0.5 m about its axis of rotation. A torque of 36 kNm is applied to the drum which has frictional torque at the bearings of 2.8 kNm. (a) (b) Sketch the free body diagrams for the cargo lift and the hoist drum. (4 marks)

Determine the acceleration of the lift and the tension in the cable during the acceleration stage. (7 marks)

When descending, the cargo lift is lowered under the action of a braking torque with an acceleration of 1.2 m/s2 until a uniform velocity of 10 m/s is reached. (c) (d) (e) Sketch the free body diagrams for the cargo lift and the hoist drum. (2 marks) Calculate the tension and braking torque during the acceleration stage. (7 marks) What is the braking torque required in order to maintain the load at the uniform speed of 10 m/s? (5 marks)

bearings

hoist drum

cable

Fig Q3.

motion

Cargo 3800 kg Lift

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q4.

A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1000 kg is accelerated from rest at A with a tractive effort of 1500N to a speed of 40 km/h at B (see Fig Q4). Thereafter the tractive effort is removed, the vehicle rolls down freely from B. The slope B to C has a distance S2 = 50 m and an incline of 1 in 8. Each axle of the vehicle with its two wheels has a radius of gyration of 300 mm and a mass of 40 kg. The radius of each wheel is 400 mm. The tractive resistance is 500N throughout. Calculate for the speed of 40 km/h, (a) the moment of inertia of each axle with its two wheels about its axis of rotation. (2 marks) (b) the total kinetic energy of the vehicle at B By using the Principle of Conservation of Energy, (c) show that the distance travelled from A to B, S1 is approximately 64.5 m.(5 marks) (d) calculate the velocity of the vehicle when it reaches C. (5 marks) (5 marks)

(e) A braking force FB is applied from C onwards until it comes to complete stop at E. Calculate the braking force FB. Slope D to E has an incline of 1 in 10. (8 marks)

A
S1 = 64.5 m

B E
S2 = 50 m

C
Slope B to C incline of 1 in 8 Slope D to E incline of 1 in 10 S3 = 40 m

S4 = 30 m

Fig Q4.

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MM2105 / MM8311

Q5.

Fig Q5 shows a small lifting winch. A cable (not shown) wraps round a load drum of 220 mm diameter. A gear wheel of 56 teeth is attached to the load drum shaft. Meshed with the gear wheel is a pinion of 20 teeth. A handle of length 250 mm is attached to the pinion gear shaft. An effort of 110 N applied at the end of the handle raises a load of 60 kg.

Dia. 220 mm Load Drum Pinion Shaft

56T Gear Wheel

Load Drum Shaft

250 mm long Handle 20T Pinion Load Drum Shaft

Fig Q5. (a)Show that the velocity ratio of lifting machine is 6.36; hence find the mechanical advantage, efficiency and the friction effort. (11 marks) (b) Determine the power required to lift the load at a constant speed of 60 rpm. (5 marks) (c) Calculate the new mechanical advantage when lifting a load of 80 kg. Assume the friction effort is 20 N. (4 marks) (d) If the handle is shifted and attached to the load drum shaft instead (with the meshing gears intact), determine the effort required to raise an 80 kg load, assuming the friction effort is still 20 N. (5 marks) 2010/2011/S2 Page 6

MM2105 / MM8311 (5 marks) ********** LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d

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MM2105 / MM8311 Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

Reference Table for Simple Loadings

Simply supported beam with central point load

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Cantilever beam with point load

Cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

W w (N/m ) w (N/m ) L L

F B D

+W/2

+ wL/2

S F D

0
W/2

0
wL/2

0
W

0
WL

B M D

WL/4

+wL2/8

0 0 0 0

0
WL

wL2/2

Note: W denotes a concentrated (point) load and may be defined in Newton or kilo-Newton. 2010/2011/S2 Page 8

MM2105 / MM8311 w denotes a UDL and may be defined in Newton per metre or kilo-Newton per metre.

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