Month 17 Lessons 62 - 64

Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 17
Level 1 - Month 17 Lessons 62 - 64

www.chitrapurmath.net Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2012

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Lesson 62.
The Alphabet
~ll-l~lll:

A) Evolution of Sound.

As Sadhakas, let us introduce ourselves to the world of sounds.... 7l~'l'l7l '
The cause of the world of things....ll'l'l7l .... is 'lll. In the context of
sound, 'lll is 7l~~ll-l ' The entire world is said to be born of 7l~
...7l~'ll-l~l ' Evolution is the result of the self movement 'l--l of Shiva-
Shakti. The line of evolution is from the subtle to the gross. There are five
stages to the emanation of sound.
1. The first is 'll which is absolutely supreme and subtle. This can best
be described as the storehouse from which inspirations would first
emerge.
2. The second is 'l7l-ll which is less subtle but is still undifferentiated.
This would be the inspiration that would eventually give rise to a
thought or an idea.
3. The third is llll which is grosser and undifferentiated, though not
articulate. This is actual thought process which goes into concretizing
the idea.... a plan of action.
4. Articulate sound is called ~lll which further takes two forms: subtle
and gross. It is from that that all the letters ~ll, words 'l and
sentences ~ll~ll are manifested. The subtle forms of these letters are
the mantras. The gross takes the form of the language we use.
~ll: is that form of sound which cannot be broken up further into smaller
parts. It is therefore also called lll ' -l lll >ll lll ' -ll or ~ll-l
....sound .....can never be destroyed. That lll, when it is in a written form
is called the ~ll: ' Over a period of time both words have now become
interchangeable.

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ll s, when put together to intelligently express thoughts and feelings is
called the 'l ' A group of 'l s form a ~ll~ll ; and ~ll~ll s put together so that
another may understand what one wishes to express, then becomes language
-ll'll ' The Sanskrit script, is called ~l-llll '

B) ~lll:
Let's go over the list of ~lll: again. The divisions that you see below have
been made by Panini and described in his 'Ashtadhyayi.' We need to study
this so that we are better able to understand how Panini worked at his
grammar.
~ll:
l ,>, , l, l ( ~l~ll:) are pronounced in one matra ( a measure of
time almost equal to one second )
ll, >, , l, l , 7, 7, ll, ll (ll~ll:) are pronounced in two matras
l , >, , l, l , 7, 7, ll, ll ('ll~ll:).... used when calling
out to someone and take more than two matras to be pronounced.

llll~lll: so named by Panini.
l (l-l~ll)
l: (l~lll:)

(I've spent about a trillion hours trying to find a symbol that looks like two
smilies put together, one on top of the other, the top looking like a smile and
the one below looking like a frown in the place of the visargas for the four
alphabets listed below. Sorry. Don't have the software to create an image
even. But I'm sure you'll be able to figure out what I mean. If any of you
has; and can create an image, please will you send it to me at 'Queries' so
that I may replace these four visargas with those? )
: ~l : l (ll(lllll:)
: 'l : 'l ('lll-lll:)


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~ll-lll-l
~llll~ll-lll-l

1 2 3 4 5
~l >ll 'lllll-l: (~l~ll) ~l l l l =
l >ll 'lllll-l: (l~ll) l 7 l l l
>ll 'lllll-l: (~ll) c 7 7 l
l >ll 'lllll-l: (l~ll) l l l -l
'l >ll 'lllll-l: ('l~ll) 'l 'l ~l -l l
(Secret revealed: It is good to remember the above 25 ~ll-lll-l column-wise
too. For example ~l l l 'l etc. )

l~llll~ll-lll-l
l, , l, ~l (l-l:ll:)
7l, 'l, l, ('lll:)
~ l
~ l and l are not included in Panini's work, who dealt with only the
language in use and not what is originally in the Vedas. But we shall keep
them in anyway.... just so that we do not forget them.

llll
Your teacher will help you pronounce the ~ll:, llll~lll:, and the ~ll-lll-l '
I'll just supply a table that you can refer to. The beauty here is that this
classification works in various ways. It helps making and breaking sandhis,
writing out words with l-l-llll~l s and understanding the relationships of
each "family group" ... how one letter can be substituted for another and
ideas like that. For example, you would have often seen both ll and l. It
also helps us understand why Parama Poojya Swamiji pronounces ll~l~l
llll the way He does.


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~lll: 'llllll-l ll-ll-l~ll-lllll-l
l ll l
~l l l l =
l~lll (:) l
~lc ~lcl:
> > >
l 7 l l l
l 7l
lll lll~l:
l l l
c 7 7 l
'l ~
lll ll-l:
l l l
l l l -l
l l
-ll: -l:

'l 'l ~l -l l
'lll-lll: (:'l : 'l )
( actually the two
smilies I've mentioned
earlier)
ll'l ll'l
= l l -l l -llll~ll ~lcll: l-l-llll~l:
7 7 ~lclll ~lclll~l:
ll ll ~lcl'l ~lcl'l
~l -ll'l -ll'l
ll(lllll: (: ~l :l)
( smilies again.)
ll(llll ll(lllll:
l-l~ll: -llll~ll


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l is a ~ll: that has been given a position of equal standing in the ~llllll
in the Vedas. Sanskrit grammar, whether modern or classical, visualizes it as
~l + 'l and you will therefore find it in the dictionary in the ~l section.
However, we have retained all the ~lll: that are in the original ~llllll '

This has an important effect on pronunciations.
The l~lll carries forward the sound of the letter just before it.
~ll: is pronounced ~ll, ~lll: is pronounced ~llll, ~ll: is pronounced ~lll
l: is pronounced l and so on and so forth.

When the l~lll is followed by a ~l, l, 'l, or a 'l, the l~lll is forcefully
expressed. Going by this, if the l~lll were to be followed by l, which,
according to grammar a ~l 'l, the l~lll should have been forcefully
expressed. But it is not. In this case, the l~lll does what it is supposed to
do....it carries forward the sound of the letter just before it.

C) Maheshwar Sutras.

llllllll

ll'l: 'lllll-l: l~ll~ll~lll 'lll-lllll: ' 'llll-l: 'l~lll'l l-l~l ~lll~lll: lll-l
' l~l-l l'll l-ll: ll~l l:llll: ll~lll ' l-lll-l'l l-l'l lll-l: 'llll-l: l-l:
'llll-lll: '
'lllll-l: ~lll~lll lll-~llT: lllll >ll l-l-l ' ~lll~l: l: l~llll-lll ~lll'l
llllll 'lll7l ' l~l-l lll l: llllllll l-l'~lllll: l-l~ll '
l-l l'lll-l-l lll~l :lll: 'lllll-l: ll l~ll ~lcll l'llll l~lll '
ll l-l ~ll-l llT'l'll: -ll~ll: 7ll 'lll-ll ~l~ll-l l 'l'll l~l'll l'llll
l-l7: ll~l: lll~l-ll l~l-l: ~llll-lll l~llll ''ll~l l'l~ll ~l~lll l-lll
-l~lll ' l~l'll l-llll 7~llll 'llll ll: ll7l~ll 7ll l~llll '
'lllll-l: ll7l~ll 7l-ll l~ll ll7l lllll llll ' 'll~l -ll: l > l

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>lll ll'll ll ~ll~l 'll~l7:' lll-l lllll llllllll ~ll ~ll-l ' 7lll-l
lllll ~ll~lll llllllll l-l-l '
1. l > l
2. l l ~l
3. 7 ll =
4. 7 ll l
5. l ~l
6. l l
7. l l = l -l l
8. l -l l
9. l 7 l 'l
10. l ~l l 7 7l
11. l 'l 7 c l l l ~l
12. ~l 'l l
13. 7l 'l l
14. l '

Panini has based his entire grammatical work on these sutras. To avoid a
detailed recital of the letters, he used what is called the 'llll . It is very
much what you would see advertised in a shop window " A-Z available here."
Rather than list what he has, the shopkeeper, in his A-Z, has conveyed the
fact that he stores all that you need.
Similarly, when Panini wished to list only the ~ll: , he just said ll and no
more. Look at the sutras again. Which sutra has the l ? The first. Which
sutra ends in l ? The fourth. Ignore every ~ll with the l-l . They are
called >l ~lll: and are only indicatory letters which disappear the minute
the purpose of indication has been fulfilled.
List all the letters that are in the four sutras and hey presto, you have a list
of all the ~ll: !

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Let's take another example. l7l would be all the ~ll s in the 3rd and 4th
column. Gottitt??
The peculiarity of the 'llll s is that they can start from any ~ll ' They
may begin with a ~ll coming from the middle of the group, but they must
end with an >l ~ll:'
Panini then worked on 41 such 'llll s in his l7lllll. l comes twice as an
>l ~ll:' Whenever you have to choose the first, (1) will be written against
the 'llll . Whenever you have to choose the second, (2) will be written
against that 'llll.Shall we try work with 'llll s as a home assignment?
Please refer to Lesson 62 A.

D) ll, ~llT, ll, l'llll changes.
You would have heard of l-l and it's relative ll-ll . It is apparent that
the and ll are connected. What has happened here is a ~llT . It is often
difficult to remember these terms. ll, ~llT, ll, l'llll ' So here is a
list you can refer to when foxed by sandhis. The idea is to see the
correlation amongst alphabets.

~l l
ll
>
>

l
l
l 7 7 ll ll

ll ll > l - -
ll l 7 ll l ll 7 ll
~llT ll 7 ll ll lll 7 7 ll ll
ll
ll-l:
l ~l l
llll
ll-l:
- - - ll lll l~l ll~l
l'llll l> ~l l ll


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Lesson 62 A B
Exercises with the Maheshwara-Sutrani
Worksheets

List all the ~lll: in the 'llll s below.
1. ll (1)
2. l~l
3. >~l
4. ~l
5. 7=
6. ll
7. >l
8. 7l
9. 7l
10. l
11. ll (2)
12. >l
13. ll
14. ll
15. ll
16. ll
17. =l
18. ll
19. l'l
20. l7l
21. 7l
22. ~l7l
23. l7l
24. l7l

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25. ~l7l
26. 7~l
27. ll
28. ll
29. ll
30. ll
31. l
32. l
33. l
34. l
35. 7l
36. ll
37. l
38. ~ll
39. l
40. ll
41. 7ll

You do not need answers for this worksheet, do you? That's why the lesson
is named 62 A B.

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Lesson 63
~ll-lll-l:
Vyanjan Sandhi.

"Sandhi's not my cuppatea," was my refrain. till I realized that a sandhi
was exactly what I had done with both, 'Sandhi is' and a 'cup-pa-tea.'
O.K. so if it is such a common thing in speech, couldai find egzamples a
plenty? Butsurely you betcha bottondollar I could! Not only in English but in
every language as well.
Just have a look at this.
Shuddup = Shut up. ( Vocabulary of the Younger Generation, not mine.)
An example of lll l7ll-l '
It's just that us Indians love to study and have therefore made a science of
something as natural as sandhi. What happens is that a student who studies
the science first becomes quite dizzy with all the information, so I have
here tried to provide the smelling salts.
It's not so bad.. I've survived and so will you. Let's tagjust one
stepatatime.
Is the combination of a consonant with another consonant, a vowel
To make ~ll-lll-l: easy to memorize and recall at a later date, let's go
over how the consonants are classified again.

The shaded consonants are the ~lcl~ll-lll-l ' The hard consonants.
The rest are l-~ll-lll-l ' The soft consonants.

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Please note that for our grammar study, we will work with the consonants
specified by Panini. Make sure that you are familiar with lesson 62. It will
help you tremendously.
Sandhi is a vast topic of study. Rather than do the whole lot, it seems
practical to just go over a few. (To give you an idea, we categorized sandhis
into 40 sections of which we plan to do just 9). The table given below gives
you examples of the ones you will see most often. Use it as a guide while you
are studying specific details of the sandhis given after the table on page 8
of this lesson. There are plenty of examples, especially from the Bhagavad
Gita, for you to work with.
~ll-lll-l:

~llll lll

Name of the
sandhi
Effect Example
. l~l

a
( ll: l-ll l:
)
l / l
in close
proximity
with 7l /l
7l
l (llllll
..respectively)

Concrete
examples
l l l l-ll + llll =
l-lllll '
l 7l 77l lll + 7ll =
ll77ll '
l l l ll + llll
=lllll '
l l ll + l-l: =
ll-l: '
-l l l 7llll-l +ll:
=7llllll:

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b
7l77ll ll
first four of a
~ll
followed by
7l
7l optionally
converts into
7 and if it is
a l /
converts into
l

concrete
examples
l 7l 7 llll +
7lllll: =
lll7llll:

-. 7~l
7-ll7: l / l
in close
proximity
with 'l /
'l
(llllll
..respectively)

concrete
examples
l 'l ''l lll + 'l': =
ll''l':
l 7 lll + l~ll
=ll7l~ll
l ll + l~ll =
ll~ll
'l l 7 >'l: + l: = >7:
'l l 7 ~l'l + l: =
~l7:
'l -l 'l ~l'l + -l: =
~l'l: '

. l7l~l

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a
lll l7ll-l '
This generally
happens
between two
different
words.
ll ( all the
consonants minus
the
l-l-llll~l~ll-lll-l,
l l and ~l )
any ~l or a
l ~ll-l
corresponding
l7l

Concrete
examples
~l > ll ~ll~l + >7l:
=~llll7l:
l l l ll + l-l:
=ll-l:
ll 7l 'l + ll-l-l: =
'l7l-l-l:
l ll l 7ll + llll =
7llll
l > l lll + >7l:
=lll7l:
l l T :ll-lll + ll-l =
:ll-llTll-l

b
lll l7l ll7l '
This generally
happens in the
middle of the
word.

ll ( all the
consonants minus
the
l l and ~l )
a l ~ll-l
corresponding
l7l

Concrete
examples
-l l ~l l-l + l: =
l~l:'


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l l T ~ll + ll: =
~llT:'

. l~l
ll l '

ll ( all the
consonants minus
the
l l and ~l )
~lcl ~ll-l
corresponding
l ( first five
of each ~ll: +
7l 'l l )

Concrete
examples
l l ll'l + l =
ll'll
l l 7 +ll = 7ll
l l -l + ll =-lll

' llll

l l l~ll is
replaced by l

-l l -l is replaced
by a nasal l
'

concrete
examples
l l l -lll + ll-l:
= -llll-l:'
-l l nasal l ' lTl~ll-l + l-ll
=lTl~lll-ll

l-l-llll~lll-l:

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a
ll -l-llll~l
-l-llll~ll ~ll '

l includes all
the consonants
excepting '
l occurring at
the end of a 'l
followed by
a nasal (l ,
l, = , l , -l
)
Is replaced by
its own
corresponding
nasal,
optionally.

Concrete
examples
l l -l lllll + ll:
llll-ll: /
llll ll: '

b
'lll -ll'llll
l-lll

l 'lll ending
in l

is replaced by
its own
corresponding
nasal,
compulsorily

concrete
examples
'llll-l-llll~l: l-l-llll~l: ll + lll =
ll-lll

'. l-l~ll
No need for a
tabular note.
All details at
the end of
this Sandhi
chapter.

Reminders
l ~l ll + ~l- =
l ~l-
l 'l 'llcl + 'lcll =
'llc 'lcll '


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-l77~l'l7ll-l -l occurring at
the end of a 'l

followed by a
7~l (7 c l
l) and
then by an
ll (~ll: +
, l ~l
l , +
l-l-llll~ll:'
is replaced by

concrete
examples
-l l / 7 7l / 7l ll-l + l =
lll / lll
-l / c 'l / 'l ll-l + cll-l
= ll'll-l /
ll'll-l
-l l / l l / l lll-l + lll
= llllll /
llllll
l'l~ll: 'l7ll-l
This rule does
not apply to 'l7ll-l
ll-l: -l -l~lll 'l7ll-l + l-llll
= 'l7ll-l l-llll'

1) lJ mqvO:
a) (ml: v :)

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l and a ~ll belonging to l, in close proximity with 7l and a ~ll belonging to
l are replaced by 7l and a ~ll belonging to l '
Whenever there is a combination of l or l ~ll (l, l, , l, -l) WITH
(either before or after) 7l or with the l~ll ( l, 7, l, l, l ) the l
changes into 7l and the l ~ll changes into its corresponding l ~ll
(llllll .that is respectively.) '
lllll + llll: = llllllll: '
l + l-l: = ll-l: '
ll-l + llll = llllll '

Here are a few examples:

1. -l l 'l'l7llll lll'l-lll
l7l~ll7l'lllll-7lllll '
l~ll'l -lll~ll'l-llTl
ll llllll'l llll'lll '' ll - ''

lll'l-lll7l~lc7l'lllll-7lllll
ll l'l-llll ld Mkcd Gld - M<Ccd >l-7lllll ( To figure out why 7l has
become 7 , look at the next sandhi 7l77ll ')

2. :ll-l l ll~l:ll-lll ~llll7l'll: '
p%lJ -l -lllevp%lJc~ll7l'll '' ll '- ''
ld %lJ -l > -ll: Dvld %lJcd l~ll7l'll

3. lllll'l7lll ~lll-l
llll~lll ll~l ll-l: '
D&J-ll-l: 7lllll

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l~ll'l-l ~l -l l~l ~llll '' ll -- ''
D&J = D&Jld

4. lll l :ll-llYmp%vTll-l l~ll7l'll '
ll-ll~ll'lllllllll7ll-l-l-ll '' ll - - ''
DYmp%vTll-l = DYmld %vld

b) MMse ~
Fully stated, ll: 7l: 7: ll ' Here, in this sutra, the ll: is drawn from a
previous sutra. If ll (first four of a ~ll ) is followed by 7l then that 7l is
optionally replaced by 7 '
If the 7l is followed by l , then if the ll ~ll is a , it will be converted
into a l ( ll: l-ll l: ) and then that l is converted into a l ( ll l
....Refer to Sandhi No. 4 ). If it is a l , then it is replaced by l ( ll: l-ll
l: ) '
In l + 7l , the l changes to l and the 7l changes to 7 OR remains 7l '
llll + 7llll: = lll7lll: '
ll + 7l~ll = l7~ll '


lll'l-llllskcs<Clll-7lllll
ll l'l-llll ld Mkcd Gld - M<Ccd >l-7lllll
This could have been written as
lll'l-llllMkcM<Clll-7lllll
2. lll l :ll-ll-llll:ll-llTll-l l~ll7l'll '

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ll-ll~ll'llllllisqvl-l-ll '' ll - -''
lisqvl = lild Mqvl

2) lJ mqvO:
7-ll7:
Fully stated, ll: 7-ll7: ' Here, in this sutra, the ll: is drawn from a
previous sutra.
l and a ~ll belonging to l, in close proximity with 'l and a ~ll belonging
are replaced by 'l and a ~ll belonging to '

Whenever there is a combination of l or l ~ll ( l, l, , l, -l ) WITH
'l or with the ~ll ( , c, 7, 7, l ) the l changes into 'l and the l ~ll
changes into its corresponding ~ll '
lll + 'l'c: = ll''l': '
>'l + l: = >7: '
l~l'l + -l: = l~l'l: '
~l'l + -l: = ~l'l: '

3) pMlJ mqvO:
a) Pub pMevl ~
Fully stated, 'll l-l lll l7l: '
Whenever there is a combination of ll ( all the consonants {minus the
l-l-llll~l~ll-lll-l }, l l and ~l ) WITH any ~l or a l ~ll-l, it changes
into its corresponding l7l ( the third ~ll of each ~ll ) ' This happens only
if the sandhi taking place is between two different words. If the sandhi is in

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the word itself then lll l7l ll7l is followed. (Basically it is the same sandhi
but given a different name.)

having the same place of utterance as ~l ~ll ( ~lc ) will be replaced with
that corresponding ~ll '
7l having the same place of utterance as l ~ll ( lll ) will be replaced with
that corresponding ~ll'
'l having the same place of utterance as ~ll ( lll ) will be replaced with
l having the same place of utterance as l ~ll ( -ll: ) will be replaced by
l~l + l~l: = ll~l: '


lll'l-ll7l~ll7l'lllll-7lllll
ll DHvld ld 7ll~ll l 7ll'lll >l-7lllll

2. l-l'llll ll'l kll llTl '
llllll'l llTl-ll ~lll-ll ~lll l~ll: '' ll ' ''
kll = kld ll

3. lllll'l7lll kov-
c&Jol ll~l ll-l:'
llll~ll-ll-l: 7lllll

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kovcd =kld Svcd
D&Jol =D&Jld Jol

4. l~lll'l oMvm ppn< lll ll '
ll'llll ~ll-ll l~l'~l coH&Ccd '' ll -' ''
oMvm =ld DMvm
ppn< = ld pn<
coH&Ccd = cld DH&Ccd

5. lll l :ll-ll-llll%vvb l~ll7l'll '
ll-ll~ll'lllllllll7ll-l-l-ll '' ll - - ''
%vvb = %vld Ovb

b) Pub pMd PM ~
Whenever there is a combination of ll (~ll-ll) WITH any l7l
( l~ll-ll ) it changes into its corresponding l7l ( third consonant) ' This
generally happens in the middle of the word.
~ll + ll: = ~llT:'
l-l + l: = l~l:'
4) lJ& mqvO:
Kj ~
Fully stated, ll 'l lll l ' Here, in this sutra, the l (first consonant of
each ~ll: + 7l, 'l, l) is drawn from a previous sutra.
Whenever there is a combination of ll WITH a ~lcl ~ll-l,
it changes into its corresponding l '
ll'l + l = ll'll '

1. D&lHMl ~lll-l

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llll~lll ll~l ll-l:'
llll~ll-ll-l: 7lllll

D&ld + HMl = D&lHMl ' ( l does not get converted into
because it is followed by a ~lcl~ll-ll )

2. lkj< l7-llll llll'l lll ll '
Hmm ~ll-ll llk<J l'lll '' ll -' ''
lkj< =ld kj<
Hmm = ld lHmm
llk<J =lld k<J

3. lll l :ll-ll-llll:ll-llTll-l l~ll7l'll '
Ovlkc&Hulllllll7ll-l-l-ll '' ll - - ''
Ovlkc&Hu = Ovld kc&Hu

5) lu&
Fully stated, ll: ( 'll-l l ) ll ( l~ll 'l ) 'll~ll: '
A consonant of l~ll followed by l is replaced by one homogenous with the
latter - 'll~ll - in this case, l '
-lll ll-l: -llll-l: '
ll~ll-l~l-llll~ll: -l~l-lll ll~ll: '
-l is replaced by a nasal l '
lTl~lll-ll :ll-ll lTl~ll-l l-ll '

1. l7 lll l-lllll'll ~l llT l-lll l~ll'lll '
uuYm l-ll~lll'lll, l~ll l-l l~l-lll llll ' ( -ll lll~l-l - )

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uuYm =ld uYm

6) DvvmkmqvO:
a) ll -l-llll~l -l-llll~ll ~ll '
Fully stated, 'll-ll l: l-l-llll~l 'l l-l-llll~l: ~ll '
l includes all the consonants excepting '
l occurring at the end of a 'l followed by a nasal ( l , l , = , l , -l ) is
replaced by its own corresponding nasal, optionally.
lllll ll: = llll-ll: / llll ll: '
7l-l l7ll ~l'l = 7ll l / 7l l '
l~l + -lll: = l=-lll: / l-lll: '
remains as it is, it has no corresponding nasal.
'l-l ll: 'l-lll: '

1. mcV lll ll~ll ukVlll l l: '
'lll'l-lllll~lll l: l l l l'll: '' ll -' ''
mcV = mcld v
ukV = ukld v

b) 'lll -ll'llll l-lll '' ( ~llll~l )
The rule ll -l-llll~l -l-llll~ll ~ll is compulsory if the 'lll that is added
ends in l '
l~lll + llll = l~ll-llll of little value.

7) DvmJj mqvO:~
a) cevmJj:~

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Fully stated, l: l-l~ll: ll 'l ( ll is drawn from a previous ll ) l,
at the end of a 'l is :
1 ) replaced by an l-l~ll if it is followed by a consonant.
2) when it appears at the end of a 'l or at the end of a sentence, it remains
as it is.

1. l7 lll l-lllll'll ~l llT l-lll l~ll'lll '
ll-ll l-ll~lll'lll, l~ll l-l l~l-lll llll '' (-ll lll~l-l -)
2. l~l l~ll l~lllll l~l ~ll 'l'llll '
lll-ll l l~l 'll~lllll~l l~llll '' ( ll )

b) J Hovlm ~
At the end of a 'l, the l-l~ll can be replaced by an l-l-llll~l ~ll which is
homogenous to the ~ll which follows it.
l~l ~lll'l / l~lll'l ' l-7 'l7lll / l-7'l7lll '
c) vHovlm Pu ~
-l and l not at the end of a 'l are replaced by an l-l~ll when followed by
ll l7llll '

d) DvmJjm HjmJC&: ~
When l-l~ll is followed by a ll ~ll it is replaced by an l-l-llll~l which is
homogenous to the latter. 'll: ' ll7ll: ' ~lc ' ~ll-ll '

8) vMsJMvd ~ (Cracked it!!!! Here's why it is ~llllll and not ~llll7ll
!!!!)
-l occurring at the end of a 'l is replaced by if followed by a 7~l and
then by an ll ' This rule does not apply to 'l7ll-l ( an avyaya meaning
"tranquil") ' ( Please have a look at the table for clear examples.)
lll-l-llll~l: 'l~ll l ~ll '

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The ~ll preceding is optionally nasalised.
l-l-llll~ll'll -l~ll:'
When it is not nasalised an l-l~ll is added.

Thus
~lll-l lll = ~lll lll ' -l77~l'l7ll-l '
= ~lll lll ' lll-l-llll~l: 'l~ll l ~ll '
or = ~lll lll ' l-l-llll~ll'll-l~ll: '
This is replaced by the l~lll and later by l ' Then the ll-l: rules are
followed to give
either a ~llllll '
or a ~llllll '
Similarly, -l~ll-l lll = -l~ll lll
= -l~ll lll /-l~ll lll
= -l~lllll / -l~lllll '
'lllll~l~ll 'llll-l l~l~ll '' ll '
'l:ll~llll -ll'll 'l:ll~lll-l l '' ll - '
But not in the case of 'l7ll-l ll'll '

1. l7llll-l-~l7lll~l %Job -ll'll '
llll-lilmb -ll-l7llll-l 'll7ll: '' ll -'
%Job = %Jovd
Dilmb = Dilmvd
***
You may not require to know any more sandhis than the ones listed in this
lesson. If you do come across undecipherable ones, please write. We'll
respond to individual requests.


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Lesson 64.
lllll~lll:
Samas Vichar.

A long long time ago, everything that needed to be passed from
generation to generation was done in the form of verse. Verse was the only
means of ensuring that knowledge was protected. It may have been years
since we've left school, but who has forgotten 'Jack and Jill'? Prose, on the
other hand, has been relegated to the back alleys of our mind.

In the midst of all this poetic creativity, a natural problem reared its head.
Sanskrit is the only language in the classical world which makes use of 'llls.
The use of 'lll s helps every single word to have an identity and a meaning
of its very own. But fitting the word + 'lll into a metre in verse form was a
difficult task indeed. "What to do?" asked a poet. "No problem! Let's create
a shortcut," said another. And llll came into being. llll, l l l was the
original SMS Short Message Service. Be proud guys, we created it!!!!!!

I kid you not. There does exist such a verb: l llllll does indeed mean
'I am creating a synopsis. or in our layman terms a shortcut.'
llll allows a person to string two words together to form one single word.
And "ishortcut ishtyle" the first word is written without an appropriate
'lll. For example instead of saying l:l: 'll: I'd say ll'll: and still make
complete sense.
Why does Devdas have to romance his love with a long drawn out, "You have
such a beautiful face just like the moon!" All he'd do is say "lll l-7lll"
Devdas too, by the way, is a llll word. ~ll ll: , ~lll: ' The
difference between a ll-l: and a llll: would be that in the former, two
letters combine to form a single whole letter or a conjoined letter( either in
the middle of a word or between two words to form a single word) and in the
latter, two words are placed side by side (without the need for a ll-l: to
take place) to form a single word.

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In a llll: , the lll'l is the compound word ~lll: ' l~ll is when you
break it up into its components.. ~ll ll: '

Naturally, it is with time that you will figure out in which combinations these
work out, for example ll~l: would not be correct. And it is with time that
you will figure out which words can be made a llll of. For example, ~l-l'll'l:
is allowed and NOT ~l-l'll'l~ll-l ' Not to worry. In this case at least Time will
wait for the Sanskrit enthusiast!

Note:
This lesson is to help you figure out what llll words mean whenever you
come across them in your course of reading. You also now have the
wherewithal to form your own combination words intelligently.
Another thing to remember is that people are all made differently. Many a
time you will find that someone may have formed a llll in one way and you
may prefer another. Both may be correct. So just relax and enjoy learning
something new.

llll can be divided into 6 classes according to the sense that they convey
when dissolved.
-l lll'l ll ll l-lll~lll-ll~l: '
l'l'l ~lllll l-ll ll ~l~lll: ''

For our convenience, I have divided them into 9 groups. I have been better
able to retain the information with a wider classification like that.

1. l~lll-ll~l: A word which conveys a meaning, is a part of the llll
which, after the combination of the two words, becomes an l~ll'
For example:
add l to indicate ll-lll 'lots of goodness.' llll = lll-ll lllT:
lots of auspiciousness.


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2. l'l'l: In this llll, the second word of the llll is given
importance. For example: ~lll: = ~ll ll:' The first part of the
word is simply an apt description of the second. We are talking about
the ll: here and not the ~l: '

3. ~lllll: In this llll, one word is an adjective of the other. It is a
part of the l'l'l:, but we shall list it separately for convenience's
sake. For example: -llll'lll = -llll 'lll '

4. ll: In this llll, which is a part of the ~lllll:, the first word is a
number; how many in a collection of things. For example : 'l7l~ll =
'l7ll-ll ~ll-ll llll: '

5. -: Be sure to look out for the l between words in the l~ll: of
this llll:!!! For example: ll~l:/lll: =ll l ll '

6. ~l~lll: When two words are put together to imply something totally
different, ~l~lll: is what you see. For example: l-7llll: = l-7: llll
ll l: ' Here, we are neither giving importance to the moon or to
the forehead but the Person who is adorned so: Shiva.

7. ll~lllll: is not really a different llll: ' Whenever, two words
are put together and the l~l-ll~ll of the first word remains intact,
then llll: takes place. Depending on the llll: itself, it can be any
of the above llll: s. For example: llll': = lll ll: '

8. -llllll: is not really a different llll: ' Whenever you wish to
convey 'the absence' of something, this llll: is used. For example:
ll~l-l: = -l l~l-l: '


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9. 'l'lllll: see how the noun is described here.. l-ll: = l-ll
~llll >ll '
llll: is a vast topic. Sorry, I made a mistake, a VAST TOPIC. We need
to be practical about such things. We can't handle it all at this stage. Let's
go over a few details to help us decode what we may most often come across.
A tabular column will help.

1. l~lll-ll~lllll: '
You will recognize the l~lll-ll~lllll: in words
1. Where the first part of the word is an l~ll or a l-l'lll (l-l'llll: are
particles which possess no gender and number and the case
termination after which is dropped or elided. For example lll: (l
and others) and 'lll: ('l and others).
2. The second part of the word is a noun (l:ll).
3. The combined word is an l~ll and is -l'l. 7~l~ll-ll '
4. The combined word lll'll is different from the l~ll:, because the
conveys a l~ll special meaning to the noun.

Addition of l~ll
to mean
lll'll l~ll:

lll in, on llll l >ll
'l closeness 'l~l'll ~l'll lll'll
l-ll or l-l
absence
l-ll-ll l-ll-lll l-ll~l:
l-l behind/
following
l-lll ll 'llll
'lll every 'llll-ll l-l l-ll

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lll in that manner

lll7lll no spelling
error here. There is no
visarga. All these
words are l~lls
remember?
7llll-lllll
l with/
resembling
ll-l~ll l-l~l-l l /l-l~ll
ll7ll
ll beyond / upto llllllll

lllll

ll~lll~lTl
ll lllllll
( ll-l7l: )
ll l~ll: ( lll l~l,
lll ~l 'l~l )
a life span ( !! )
~ll: outside ~llllll lllll ~ll:
l-l near/ towards l-l~lll

towards the bank
'lll a) away from
(opposite of the
meaning in the
above row)
b) repetition
'lll~lll

'llll-ll
against the bank

l-l l-l
l abundance,
prosperity
ll7l l7lll lllT:
adversity,
poverty
l~l-ll l~l-ll-ll ~llT:
lll destruction,
end of
llllll lll lll:
lll inappropriate llll-l7l l-l7l l'lll -l lll
>ll utterance of
sound
>ll l l7l~l 'l~ll7l:
ll a) starting from
b) uptil
a) lll-l
b) lllll
a) l-l-l: ll-l
b) ll'll-ll

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2. l'l'lllll: '

l'l'lllll: is that llll: wherein the first word-part's l~l-ll~ll'lll is
dropped. Depending on which l~l-ll~ll'lll that first part would have taken if
broken into it's l~ll:, the l'l'lllll: is given that particular name. For
example: llllll'l'l: '

Go over the short explanation of l'l'lllll: at the very beginning of this
lesson.

Note: The word l'l'l: itself will help you remember what llll: this
involves. ll 'l'l: = l'l'l: !!

lll'll l~ll:
llllll'l'l: 7lllll: 7lll llll:
:lllll: :ll llll:
~l'llll: ~l'l lllll:
lll'll'l: lll 'll'l:
7ll~l'llll: 7ll~l 'llll:
lllll: lll lll:
-llll'll: -lll ll'll:
llllll lll lll
ll~l-ll: ll ~l-ll:
llllll'l'l: ~lllll: ~lll-l lll:
l7ll: l7l-l l:
l7l~lllll: l7l~lll lll:
l7l~llll: l7l~l-l lll:

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And that is the sole reason why you cannot have 7lll7l~ll-l as a lllll
l'l'l: ' lll7l~ll-l is a Present active participle and doesn't fit with the rules
stated above. Instead, you may have a 7lll7l: ' Gottit?

l~llll-l: l~llll l-l:
:ll-l7l-l: :ll-l-l 7l-l:
llll7l: llll l7l:
l'llll: l'lll ll:
llll: lll lll:
l~lll l-l ~lll
~llllllllll ~llllll-l llll
lll'l~l: lll-l 'l~l:
-lllll: -llll ll:
ll-ll-ll ll-l-l -ll
ll-ll~l~lll ll-l-l l~l~lll
~ll~l~ll: ~llll ~ll:
llll~l7ll: lllll ~l7ll:
7l~llllll 7l~lll llll
l7l~lll l7-l l~lll
~l-l7llll ~l-l-l 7llll
llll~l: lll-l l~l:
lll'll l~ll:
lllll'l'l: ~l7llll ~l7lll lll
l'll l'lll l
~l-llll~ll ~l-lll lll~ll
llll:
for eg: l'l:
llll lll

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Note:
The compound lllll cannot be separated into l~l lll ' The l~ll: has
to be ll: llll '

7lllll
for eg: l~lll:
7llll >ll
l7l7~lll
for eg: ll
l7l7l~l >l
-ll~lll: -ll-ll ~lll:
lllll l~l lll
lll'll l~ll:
'l7llll'l'l: ll-lll llll -lll
~l~l-llll: ~l~lll -llll:
~lll-lll: ~lllll -lll:
ll7ll-ll: ll7ll: -ll:
llll-lll: lllll l-lll:
lllll'l: llll ll'l:
~ll'llll: ~llll 'llll:
'll'll~ll: 'll'lll l~ll:
Exceptions
ll-l~lllll: ll-l~lll llll: (ll-l~l)

llll: ll llll: ()

ll~ll-l~ll: ll~lll l~ll: (ll~l)
lll'll l~ll:
'l'll'l'l: ll'l'l: l:l: 'l'l:
~l'll~l: ~ll 'll~l:
>l-l~ll: >ll -l~ll:
~llll: ~ll llll:

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lll'll l~ll:
'lll l'l'l 'lllll: 'lll: lllll:
'll'llll: 'lll: l'llll:
llllll: lllll-l: llll
'lll: 'lllll: lll
l: ,l: ~llll
l~lll-l l~l'll ll:
l~lll: l~l'll 7~lll:
Exceptions
lll 'lll~l: (l~l
'lll:)

l-ll ll (ll 'lll:)

lll: l7l (ll 'lll:)

ll ~lll (ll 'lll:)

~lllll ~ll~ll (l~l
'lll:)

~lllll ~l~ll (l~ll)

l:ll 'llll: (~ll 'lll:
added to 'll)
l'llll'l'l: ~llll'l~lll: ~llllll 'l~lll:
~l'll7l: ~l 'll7l:
~ll~l~l7ll: ~ll~l ~l7ll:
7llll-l'll: 7lll'l l-l'll:
~llll'll: ~lll l'll:
llll-l: ll ll-l:
lll-l: ll l-l:
~lllll: ~lll ll:
llll'l~l~l: llll 'l~l~l:

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l-ll: l-lll: lll

3. ~lllllllll: '

This one is really simple. Whenever two words, one which is an adjective of
the other, are combined, you have a ~lllllllll: ' So you will have a
combination of a l~l7l'll and a l~l7l'l, an 'lll-l and an 'lll ' Since one is a
l~l7l'll of the other, naturally, when a l~ll: is formed, both the words will
be in the same l~l-lll:'

You may see the words l lll, >~l, 7~l, in the l~ll: to reinforce the
relationship between the two words.
l meaning "beautiful/ good" and ~l (~llll) meaning "bad" are added to
words to form a ~lllllllll:'

Note:
Why has this particular llll: been called ~lllll:? Simple.
Let's look at an example -llll'lll ' 'll -lll~ll lllll ' -lll becomes
the object in the sentence.
Similarly, l~l: ' l: ~ll 'l lllll ' Alternatively it could be: ~l: ll:
'l lllll ' If you look at the examples in the tabular column, you'll begin
to see how one of the words "becomes" the object of the other.
Even if that may not be an authentic explanation, why must we reject it if it
helps us remember what the ~lllllllll: is?!!
~lllllllll: lll'll l~ll:
ll~l: ll-l l lll ~l:
~l'll'l: ~l'l: l'l:
-llll'lll -llll 'lll
lll: lll l:
~lll~lllll ~llll >~l ~lllll
l-7lll l-7 >~l lll

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4. llllll: '

llll with numbers!! Just the examples themselves will help you figure out
what is what!

ll'lll ll 'lll >~l
ll~llll ll ~llll >~l
'l'lll: 'l'l: ll: >~l
~l'lll: ~l'll lll (both are
adjectives)
-llll-lll'l: -llll l-lll'll (~ll
'llll-l l~l7l'lls)
llll l7l ll7l (opposites)
l~l: l: 7~l ~l:
l~llll-ll l~lll 7~l l-ll
l'lll-ll l'l: 7~l l-ll
~ll'll ~l: 7~l l'll
lllll-lll lllll >ll -lll
lll~ll: lll: >ll ~ll:
~l'll: ~llll: 'll:
~lllll ~lllll llll
l'l'l: 7ll-l-l: 'l'l:
ll-l: 7ll-l-l: l-l:
~lllll 7ll-l-ll lllll
llllll: lll'll l~ll:
'l7ll~ll 'l7ll-ll l~ll llll:
'l7l'llll 'l7ll-ll 'llllll llll:

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5. -llll: '

Just take a look at the examples. Easy.

Between every word, be sure to add the l . A compound of two words will be
dual and a compound of more than two will be in the plural. A point to be
noted is that words beginning with a vowel and words ending in l~lll-l
should come first.

lll'll l~ll:
ll-l~l-ll lllll -l~l-ll-ll llll:
lllll /lllll llll lll-ll llll:
l'll: l'll-lll l(l llll:
-l~llll / -l~llll -l~ll-ll lllll llll:
llll~ll lllll ll~ll-ll llll:
(l~lll-l ll~l ~l~ll
llll)
'l7llll 'l7ll-ll lll-ll llll:
(l~lll-l ll ~l~ll
llll)
'l7l~ll 'l7ll-ll ~ll-ll llll:
(l~lll-l ~l ~l~ll
llll)
7lll~l 7lll-lll l~l-ll llll:
'lllll: 'lll llllll l'lll
lll: ll: llll: l'lll
'l7ll~ll-l: 'l7l ll~l: l-l ll l:
'l7ll~ll / 'l7ll~ll 'l7ll-ll l~ll-ll llll:
(ll~lll-l l~ll)

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ll ll l (>~lll-l words before
l~lll-l)
>7l~l'll >7ll ~l'll
lll-7l: / >-7llll: lll ll >-7l
l7l~l~l7l~ll l7l~ll ~l7l~ll
ll'l~ll-ll ll'll ~ll-ll
l-ll7ll7l~ll-ll: l-ll l7ll7ll ~ll-ll
lllll'lll llll l l'lll l
'llll'lll 'llll l 'lll l 7l'll llll:
ll~llllll ll~lll llllll 7l'll llll:
~ll~lll~ll ~ll~ll l~ll l-lll: llll:
'll'llll 'lll 'llll l-lll: llll:
llllll lll l lll l-lll: llll:
'll'llll 'lll 'llll l-lll: llll:

7~ll7l'l: a part of the -llll: '

When similar things are put together and the entire compound is described
by just one of the words, either in the dual or plural, 7~ll7l'l: is seen.

lll'll l~ll:

~lll ~lll ~lll
l'lll llll l l'lll l
-llll -llll l ~lll l
'lll 'lll lll l
ll ll ll l
ll l l lll

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ll l l ll
-l~l-l: -l~l-ll -l~lll
~lll ll l ~ll l
lll lll lll

6. ~l~lll:

Read our simple explanation again of this particular llll: (given at the
beginning of the lesson) then let's move on. You'll find either both the words
of the l~ll: in the same l~l-lll: or they may be in different l~l-lll:s.

Since we are talking about someone else altogether, you need to describe
the compound by adding a l l:, l-l l:, lll: ll and the like.

In other cases you'll see compounds formed by a combination of l with the
lllll l~l-lll:'

Note:
The word ~l~lll: itself means "a person who has plenty of rice". In other
words, a wealthy man. A long time ago, parents would give their daughter in
marriage to Mr. ~l~lll:, who would have the capacity to look after their
child well. It won't be difficult now to connect this word to what the llll:
implies.

lll'll l~ll:
same l~l-lll:
'll'll~l: 'll'll ~l l l:
l7ll: (lll) ll: 7ll~l: l-l l:
~ll-lll-l: ~ll -lll-l l-l l:
llll~ll~ll llll ~ll~l lll ll

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ll'l''ll llll-l 'l''llll lll ll
l-lll-ll
(l-ll~l:)
l -lll-l ll l:
Tll-ll (llll) Tl: ll-l: lll: ll
'llll'll: (~ll:) 'llllll-l 'llll-l llll l:
llll'l''ll (lll) llllll-l 'l''llll lll: ll
'l~lTll: 'l~lll -llll ll l:
ll-lll: ll -llll ll l:
7l-lll: 7l -lll: ll l:

similarly : 'lll~l:,
7ll-l-l:, lll-l-l:,
llll:, 'lllll-l:

~ll'l'l: (lll:) ~lll: 'l'll: lll-l l:

Different
l~l-lll:s .

ll'llll: ll 'llll ll l:
l7~lc: l7: ~lc ll l:
-llll-7: -lll l-7: ll l:
l-7llll: l-7: llll ll l:
l~l'l~lc: l~l'l ~lc ll l:
~lc~lll: ~lc ~lll: ll l:
with l l'll: / l'll: 'lll l ~lll >ll
( 'lll lll: )
l~l~l: /
l~l~l:
~l~l-l l ~lll >ll
l~ll~l: ~llll l ~lll >ll
llll~l: ll-ll l ~lll >ll

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lll7l~l: /
lll7ll:
ll l7l: ll l: (~l'l is added
because no other rule is applied to
l7ll when forming the compound)
lll-l~l: /
lll-ll:
ll l-l: ll l: (~l'l is added
because no other rule is applied to
l-ll when forming the compound)
~l'l is also added
when the last
word is a l~lll-l
in any gender, or
is an >~lll-l or
~lll-l llll
word
>l~ll~l: >l: ~lll ll l: (l~lll-l 'l.)
l7llllll~l: l7llll llll ll l: (l~lll-l ll.)
lllll~l: ll lll ll l: (l~lll-l -l'l.)
l-~ll~l: l-l ~ll: ll l: (~lll-l llll)
'l~lll~l: 'l~lll ll ll l: (>~lll-l llll)

7. ll~l llll:'

In cases where the l~l-ll~ll remains in the lll'll , ll~l llll: is seen. It
can be any of the ones that we have studied in detail.

lll'll l~ll:

llll': lll ll: l'llll'l'l:
llll: ll llll: 'l7llll'l'l:
lll:'ll: lll: 'll: 'l'll'l'l:
l7l: l 7l: l'llll'l'l:
'll'll 'll 'll lllll'l'l:

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lll-l'll lll-l 'll lllll'l'l:
~lc~lll: ~lc ~lll: ~lll~ll~l~lll
~l-ll: ~l-l l: 'l'lllll:

8. -llllll: '

Add an l if it is followed by a ~ll-ll and an l-l if followed by a ~l: '

lll'll l~ll: ll

ll-: -l l-:
ll~l-l: -l l~l-l:
l-ll: -l ll:
l-llll-ll -l llll-ll
ll~l~ll: -l l~l~ll:
l'l: -l 'l:
l-l'lll~l: -l 'lll~l:
l'l-ll: / l'l-ll -l 'l-ll:
l'll: ll~llll-l: 'll: ll l:
l-l'll: ll~llll-ll l'll ll l:
l'lll~l: ll~llll-ll 'lll ll l:
l'lll: ll~llll-l: 'lll ll l:
llll: ll~llll-ll lll ll l:
llll: -l l~lll lll: ll l:
l-l'lll -l l~lll l'll lll: ll
l-ll: -l lll ll ll l:

9. 'l'lllll:


405/407
This is a llll: with 'l'ls. Here the word 'l'l stands for any noun.

lll'll l~ll: ll

~l-l~ll: ~l-l ~llll >ll
l-l7ll~l: l-l7ll ~llll >ll
l-'llll: l- 'lllll7 >ll
'l-llll 'l -l=~ll >ll

lllllll lll-l >7~ll-l >ll
7lll~ll / 7lll~ll: 7lll ~llll >ll
-ll'l~ll / -ll'l~ll: -ll'l ~llll >ll
l'll~l: l'll ~lll >ll
-ll: -ll ~llll >ll
~l7l~l: ~l7l ~lll >ll
l-ll: l-ll ~llll >ll
l-l: l-l lll >ll
llll: lll lllll >ll
'll7ll-l:/ 'll7lll-ll 'll7ll (llll-l) l-ll
>ll '

Worksheets.

Just try and understand this:

llll -ll~l,lll l7lllll:
7~l llll~lll l -l~lll~ll 'll'llll '
l ll'lll~l~ll l'll ~l llll~llll: '' ''
) -l ll lll ' ( -ll l'l'l )
-) -l ~l~lll l~l~lll ' ( -ll l'l'l )
) lll l~llll: llll~llll: ' ( l'lll l'l'l )

406/407

llllll-7llll l~ll ll~lll: '
l 'll'-l~ll-l lll~l l~l-llll ll: '' ''
) lll ~llT: l'll l ll~lll: ' ( ~l~lll )
-) l~l-l: lll l~llll, lll-l l~l-llll ' ( llll l'l'l )

lll'l7l~lllll ~ll lllllllll: '
l~l~ll'lllll ll: ~l llll~ll-l '' ''
) ll llll lllll ' ( 'l'cl l'l'l )
lllll lllll: lllllllll: ' ( lllll l'l'l )
-) l~llll ~lllll l~l~lllll ' ( ~lllll )
l~l~lllll 'llll-l l~l~ll'llll-l ' ( 'l'l l'l'l )
l~l~ll'lll-ll lll: l~l~ll'lllll:, ll l~l~ll'llllll ' ( 'l'l l'l'l )

l7l l~l-lll-ll ll: ~ll 7~l l '
l-llll l-ll: ll:lll: lll '' ''
) l~l -lll: l~l-lll:, l'lll l~l-lll-lll ' ( ~lllll )
-) l-lll ll~l llll l: l-lll: ' ( 'lll ~l~lll )
) l-lll: ll: llll l: l-ll: ' ( 'lll ~l~lll )
) :l l ll l :lll ' ( - )
ll: :lllll: l: l: ll:lll: ' ( ~l~lll )

l-l7: lll llll lllll 7l-lll: '
lll'lll-ll~llTll lT~ll: l l l'll: '' ''
) 7: l-lll: 7l-lll: ' ( ~lllll )
7l-lll: ll l: 7l-lll: ' ( ~l~lll )
-) l-l: l ~llT: l-ll~lTl ' ( - )
ll'll l-ll~lTl l-l l: ll'lll-ll~llT: ' ( ~l~lll )

llllllll ll~ll ll~lllllll l l: '

407/407
'lll'l-lllll~lll l: l l l l'll: '' ' ''
) 'l: l ll'l: l -ll l l: l 'lll'l-lllll: ' ( - )
'lll'l-llll: l~ll: l: l: 'lll'l-lllll~lll: ' ( ~l~lll )

l-l'll: 7llll lll-ll ll~ll: '
l~ll-l'llllll ll lT~ll: l l l'll: '' ''
) -l l~lll l'lll lll-l l: l-l'll: ' ( ~l~lll )
-) lll ~lll llll l: ll~ll: ' ( ~l~lll )

ll -l 'lll -l l7 -l 7lllll -l ~ll=lll '
7l-ll7l-l'llllll -ll~llll-l: l l l'll: '' ' ''
) 7l-l l l7l-l l 7l-ll7l-l ' ( - )
7l-ll7l-lll: 'llllll l: l: 7l-ll7l-l'llllll ' ( ~l~lll )

ll: 7lll l lll l lll ll-ll'lll-lll: '
7llll'lll:l'l ll: ll~l~llll: '' ''
) ll-l: l l'lll-l: l ll-ll'lll-ll, lll: ll-ll'lll-lll: ' ( - )
-) 7lll l 'l l ll l :l l 7llll'lll:lll-l, l'l 7llll'lll:l'l '
( - )
) l l~l~llll l-l l: ll~l~llll: ' ( ~l~lll )

lll-l-llllll-ll l-l7l l-l ~l-llll '
ll-l~ll: lllll-ll~llll-l l'lll -l: '' ''
) lll lll: ll l: lllll: ' ( ~l~lll )

***

Please do write in case you have any questions regarding this lesson. Hesitate
not and thy doubts shall be gone with the wind!

Month 17 Lessons 62 - 64

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Month 17 Lessons 62 - 64

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Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 17

Level 1 - Month 17 Lessons 62 - 64

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