Delhi Visit

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Contents
Articles
Delhi New Delhi Old Delhi Jaipur Pushkar Agra Taj Mahal Agra Fort Fatehpur Sikri Udaipur Qutb Minar List of State Protected Monuments in Delhi Flagstaff Tower Jantar Mantar (Delhi) List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle List of palaces in Rajasthan 1 23 39 44 55 61 74 91 97 105 117 121 123 125 127 160 170 182

References
Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 184 188

Article Licenses
License 197

Delhi

Delhi
Delhi
Federal district National Capital Territory of Delhi

From top clockwise: Lotus temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham temple and India Gate.

Delhi
Location of Delhi in India. Coordinates: 283636N 771348E Country Federal district Settled Incorporated Capital Formation Government Chief Minister Lt. Governor Area Federal district 1484.0km2 (573.0sqmi) Sheila Dikshit (INC) Tejendra Khanna India National Capital Territory 1638 1857 1911

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2
Land Water Elevation Population (2011) Federal district Rank Density Metro [2] [1] 11,007,835 2nd 3,886/km2 (10,065/sqmi) 16,314,838 2nd 21,753,486 (1st) Delhiite Indian Standard Time (UTC+5.30) 110001-110098, 1100xx +91 11 Hindi, Punjabi delhi.gov.in [3]

159.0km2 (61.4sqmi) 18.0km2 (6.9sqmi) 0125m (0409ft)

Metro rank Metropolitan Demonym Time zone ZIP code(s) Area code(s) Ethnicity Website

Delhi (/dli/; pronounced Dillee in Hindi), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) that includes the Indian capital New Delhi, is the second most populous metropolis in India after Mumbai, with a population of 16.3 million in 2011. The city is also the eighth most populous metropolis in the world.[2][4] The NCT and its urban region have been given the special status of National Capital Region (NCR) under the Constitution of India's 69th amendment act of 1991. The greater NCR urban, which includes the neighbouring cities Baghpat, Gurgaon, Sonepat, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida and other nearby towns, has nearly 22.2 million residents.[5] Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since the 6th century BC.[6] Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of kingdoms and empires. It has been invaded, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the Medieval era, and therefore the modern city of Delhi is a cluster of many cities scattered across the metropolitan region. Delhi is also believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata.[7] Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates.[8][9] It houses many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains. In 1639 AD, the Mughal emperor Shahjahan built a new walled city in Delhi which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1649 until the Rebellion of 1857.[10][11] The British had captured Delhi by 1803 and George V announced in 1911 that the capital of British-controlled parts of India would be Delhi.[12] A new capital city, New Delhi, was built to the south of the old city during the 1920s.[13] When India gained independence from British rule in 1947, New Delhi was declared its capital and seat of government. The name Delhi is often also used to include urban areas near the NCT, and to refer to New Delhi, which lies within the metropolis. Although technically a federally administered union territory, the political administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles that of a state of India with its own legislature, high court and an executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New Delhi is jointly administered by the federal Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, and is the capital of the NCT of Delhi.

Delhi

Etymology and idioms

The name Delhi is thought to derive from Dhillu or Dilu, a king of Mauryan dynasty who built the city in 50 BC and named it after himself.[7][14][15] The Hindi/Prakrit word dhili (loose) was used by the Tomaras to refer to the city because the Iron Pillar built by Raja Dhava had a weak foundation and was replaced.[15] The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal.[16] Some other historians believe that the name is derived from Dilli, a corruption of dehleez or dehaliboth terms meaning 'threshold' or 'gateway' and symbolic of the city as a gateway to the Gangetic Plain.[17][18] Another theory suggests that the city's original name was Dhillika.[19] As per Bhavishya Purana, Prithviraj Chauhan, the King of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort dehali.[20] The people of Delhi are referred to as Dilliwallahs or Delhiites.[21] The city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Examples include: Abhi Dilli door hai or its Persian version, Hanouz Dehli dour ast, literally meaning Delhi is still far away, which is generically said about a task or journey still far from completion.[22][23] Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring.[24] Aas-paas barse, Dilli pari tarse, literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it idiomatically refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded by plenty.[23]

History
The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second millennium BC, and continuous inhabitation has been evidenced since at least the 6th century BC.[6] The city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata.[7] Settlements grew from the time of the Mauryan Empire (c. 300 BC). Remains of seven major cities have been discovered in Delhi. Anang Pal of the Tomara dynasty founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736. The Chauhans conquered Lal Kot in 1180 and renamed it Qila Rai Pithora. The Chauhan king Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by the invader Muhammad Ghori.[7] In 1206, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the first ruler of the Turkic Slave Dynasty established the Delhi Sultanate and started the construction the Qutub Minar and Quwwat-al-Islam (might of Islam), the earliest extant mosque in India.[7][25] After the fall of the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic dynasties, the Khilji dynasty, the Tughluq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodhi dynasty held power in the late medieval period and built a sequence of forts and townships that are part of the seven cities of Delhi.[26]
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Red fort is the location from which the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation on Independence Day

The ancient Yogmaya temple, claimed to be one of the five temples of the Mahabharata era in Delhi.

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In 1398, Timur Lenk invaded India on the pretext that the Turkic Muslim sultans of Delhi were too lenient towards their Hindu subjects. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked and left in ruins.[29] Near Delhi, Timur massacred 100,000 captives.[30] Delhi was a major centre of Sufism during the Sultanate period.[31] In 1526, Zahiruddin Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan from the Fergana Valley in modern-day Uzbekistan, invaded India, defeated the last Lodhi sultan in the First Battle of Panipat and founded the Mughal Empire that ruled from Delhi and Agra.[7] The Mughal dynasty ruled Delhi for more than three centuries, with a sixteen-year hiatus during the reign of Sher Shah Suri, from 1540 to 1556.[32] During 15531556, the Hindu king, Hemu Vikramaditya acceded to the throne of Delhi by defeating forces of Mughal Emperor Humayun at Agra and Delhi. However, the Mughals reestablished their rule after Akbar's army defeated Hemu during the Second Battle of Panipat.[33][34][35] Shah Jahan built the seventh city of Delhi that bears his name Shahjahanabad, which served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 and is today known as the Old City or Old Delhi.[36]

The iron pillar of Delhi, is said to have been fashioned at the time of Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375413) [27][28] of the Gupta Empire.

After 1680, the Mughal Empire's influence declined rapidly as the Hindu Maratha Empire rose to prominence.[38] In 1737, Maratha forces sacked Delhi following their victory against the Mughals in the First Battle of Delhi. In 1739, the Mughal Empire lost the Battle of Karnal, following which the victorious forces of Nader Shah, the Turkic ruler of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded and looted Delhi, carrying away many treasures including the Peacock Throne.[39] A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protectors At 72.5m (238ft), A UNESCO World Heritage Site, of the Mughal throne at Delhi.[40] In January 1757, Abdali invaded the Qutub Minar is the world's tallest free-standing Delhi. He returned to Afghanistan in April 1757 giving the control [37] brick minaret. of Delhi to Najib-ud-Daula. However, Marathas occupied Delhi after defeating Najib in the Battle of Delhi. In 1761, the Marathas lost Delhi as a consequence of the third battle of Panipat, as the city was again raided by Abdali. In early 1771, Mahadji Shinde recaptured Delhi and the Mughal king Shah Alam II was restored to the throne in 1772.

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In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi.[42] After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi came under direct rule of the British Government and was made a district province of the Punjab.[7] In 1911, the capital of British India was transferred from Calcutta to Delhi.[12] New Delhi, also known as Lutyens' Delhi,[43] was officially declared as the capital of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15 August 1947.[44] During the partition of India, thousands of Hindu A UNESCO World Heritage Site, Built in 1560, and Sikh refugees, mainly from West Punjab fled to Delhi, while Humayun's Tomb is the first example of Mughal tomb [41] many Muslim residents of the city migrated to Pakistan. Migration complexes. to Delhi from the rest of India continues (as of 2012), contributing more to the rise of Delhi's population than the birth rate, which is declining.[45] The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as the National Capital Territory of Delhi.[46] The Act gave Delhi its own legislative assembly along Civil lines, though with limited powers.[46] In December 2001, the Parliament of India building in New Delhi was attacked by armed militants, killing six security personnel.[47] India suspected Pakistan-based militant groups, which caused a major diplomatic crisis between the two countries.[48] Delhi again experienced terrorist attacks in October 2005 and September 2008, resulting in the deaths of 62 and 30[49] civilians respectively.

Geography
Delhi is located at 2837N 7714E, and lies in Northern India. It borders the Indian states of Haryana on the north, west and south and Uttar Pradesh (UP) to the east. During the British Raj, Delhi was part of the province of Punjab and is still historically and culturally connected to the Punjab region.[50] Two prominent features of the geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi ridge. The Yamuna river was the historical boundary between Punjab and UP, and its flood plains provide fertile alluvial soil suitable for River Yamuna near Delhi agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods. The Yamuna, a sacred river in Hinduism, is the only major river flowing through Delhi. The Hindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of Delhi. The Delhi ridge originates from the Aravalli Range in the south and encircles the west, north-east and north-west parts of the city. It reaches a height of 318m (1,043ft) and is a dominant feature of the region.[51] The National Capital Territory of Delhi covers an area of 1,484km2 (573sqmi), of which 783km2 (302sqmi) is designated rural, and 700km2 (270sqmi) urban. Delhi has a length of 51.9km (32mi) and a width of 48.48km (30mi). Delhi has the third highest quantity of trees among Indian cities.[52] Delhi was one of the ten most polluted cities in the world during the 1990s, with 70% of the polluting emissions produced by vehicles.[53] In 1996 the Centre for Science and Environment started a public interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India that ordered the conversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and taxis to run on Compressed Natural Gas and banned the use of leaded petrol in 1998. In 2003, Delhi won the United States Department of Energys first Clean Cities International Partner of the Year award for its "bold efforts to curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives".[53] Delhi is included in India's seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to major earthquakes, but earthquakes have not been common in recent history.[54]

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Climate
Delhi features an atypical version of the humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cwa). Summers are long and the weather is extremely hot from early April to mid-October, with the monsoon season in between.[55] In early March, the wind direction changes from north-westerly to south-westerly. From March to May the weather is hot.[55] The monsoon arrives at the end of June, along with an increase in humidity.[55] The brief, mild winter starts in late November, peaks in January and heavy fog often occurs.[56] Temperatures in Delhi range from -0.6 to 46.7 C (30.9to Lightning strikes near India Gate, New Delhi. Delhi 116.1F).[57] The annual mean temperature is 25 C (77F); receives much of its rainfall during the monsoon monthly mean temperatures range from 13 to 32 C (55to 90F). season which lasts from July to September The highest temperature recorded in July was 45 C (113F) in 1931.[58][59] The average annual rainfall is approximately 714mm (28.1in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August.[7] The average date of the advent of monsoon winds in Delhi is 29 June.[60]
Climate data for Delhi Month Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Jan
21.1 (70) 7.3 (45.1)

Feb
24.2 (75.6) 10.1 (50.2)

Mar
30.0 (86) 15.4 (59.7)

Apr
36.2 (97.2) 21.5 (70.7)

May

Jun

Jul
35.1 (95.2) 26.6 (79.9)

Aug
33.3 (91.9) 25.9 (78.6)

Sep
33.9 (93) 24.4 (75.9)

Oct
32.9 (91.2) 19.5 (67.1)

Nov
28.3 (82.9) 12.8 (55)

Dec
23.0 (73.4) 8.2 (46.8)

Year
31.4 (88.5) 18.8 (65.8)

39.6 39.3 (103.3) (102.7) 25.9 (78.6) 28.3 (82.9)

15.0 15.8 6.7 17.5 54.9 231.5 258.7 127.8 36.3 5.0 7.8 797.3 Rainfall mm 20.3 (0.799) (0.591) (0.622) (0.264) (0.689) (2.161) (9.114) (10.185) (5.031) (1.429) (0.197) (0.307) (31.39) (inches)

Avg. rainy days Mean monthly sunshine hours

1.7

1.3

1.2

0.9

1.4

3.6

10.0

11.3

5.4

1.6

0.1

0.6

39.1

213.9

217.5

238.7

261.0

263.5

198.0

167.4

176.7

219.0

269.7

246.0

217.0

2,688.4

Source #1: WMO

[61] [62]

Source #2: HKO (sun only, 19711990)

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Civic administration
As of July 2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi comprises nine districts, 27tehsils, 59census towns, 300villages,[63] and three statutory towns, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) 1,397.3 km2 or 540sqmi, the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) 42.7 km2 or 16sqmi and the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) 43 km2 or 17sqmi).[64][65] On 16 July 2012, the Delhi Government decided to increase the number of districts from nine to 11.[66] The Delhi metropolitan area lies within the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), which has five local municipal corporations; North Delhi Municipal Corporation, South Delhi Municipal Corporation, East Delhi Municipal Corporation, NDMC and DCB. The former MCD was Map showing the nine districts of Delhi divided into three smaller Municipal Corporations North Delhi, South Delhi and East Delhi.[67] According to the 2011 census, MCD is among the largest municipal bodies in the world, providing civic services to about 11 million people.[68] Delhi houses the Supreme Court of India, and the regional Delhi High Court, along with the Small Causes Court for civil cases; the Magistrate Court and the Sessions Court for criminal cases, has jurisdiction over Delhi. The city is administratively divided into nine police-zones, which are subdivided into 95 local police stations.[69]

Government and politics

The National Capital Territory of Delhi has its own Legislative Assembly, Lieutenant Governor, council of ministers and Chief Minister. Members of the legislative assembly are directly elected from territorial constituencies in the NCT. The legislative assembly was abolished in1956, after which direct federal control was implemented until it was re-established in 1993. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) handles civic administration for the city as part of the Panchayati Raj Act. The Government of India and the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi jointly administer New Delhi, where both Supreme court is the apex court in the country. bodies are located. The Parliament of India, the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace), Cabinet Secretariat and the Supreme Court of India are located in New Delhi. There are 70 assembly constituencies and seven Lok Sabha (Indian parliament's lower house) constituencies in Delhi.[70][71] The Indian National Congress formed all the governments in Delhi until the 1990s, when the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Madan Lal Khurana, came to power.[72] In 1998, the Congress regained power under the incumbent Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit, retained power in the Legislative Assembly in the 2003 and 2008 elections and formed the current government under Sheila Dikshit.[72][73] The city's transport services are run by the Delhi government and the police are directly controlled by the Central Government.[74]

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Economy
Delhi is the largest commercial centre in northern India; it has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of 157,817 crore (US$29.83 billion) in nominal terms and ~ 630,000 crore (US$119.07 billion) in PPP terms.[75] As of 2010, the per capita income of Delhi was 135,820 (US$2,567), the third highest in India after Chandigarh Connaught Place in Delhi is an important economic hub of the National Capital Region and Goa. Delhi's Gross domestic product GDP (at 2004-05 prices), on average, grew by 10.7% between 2007 and 2012, making it one of the fastest growing cities in the region. As per the Economic survey of Delhi (20052006), the tertiary sector contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors, with 25.20% and 3.85% contributions respectively.[76] Delhi's workforce constitutes 32.82% of the population, and increased by 52.52% between 1991 and 2001.[77] Delhi's unemployment rate decreased from 12.57% in 19992000 to 4.63% in 2003.[77] In December 2004, 636,000 people were registered with various employment exchange programs in Delhi.[77] In 2001 the total workforce in national and state governments and the quasi-government sector was 620,000, and the private sector employed 219,000.[77] Key service industries are information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism.[78] Construction, power, health and community services, and real estate are also important to the city's economy. Delhi has one of India's largest and fastest growing retail industries.[79] Manufacturing also grew considerably as consumer goods companies established manufacturing units and headquarters in the city. Delhi's large consumer market and the availability of skilled labour has attracted foreign investment. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed 1,440,000 workers and the city had 129,000 industrial units.[80]

Utility services
Dehli's municipal water supply is managed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB). As of 200506, it supplied 650million gallons per day (MGD), whereas the estimated consumption requirement is 963MGD.[81] The shortfall is met by private and public tube wells and hand pumps. At 240MGD, the Bhakra storage is DJB's largest water source, followed by the Yamuna and Ganges rivers. Delhi's groundwater level is falling and its population density is increasing, so residents often encounter acute water shortage.[81] In Delhi, daily domestic solid waste production is 8000tonnes which is dumped at three landfill locations by MCD.[82] The daily domestic waste water production is 470MGD and industrial waste water is 70MGD.[83] A large portion of the sewage flows untreated into the Yamuna river.[83]
The headquarters of the New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC).

The city's electricity consumption is about 1,265kWh per capita, but actual demand is higher.[84] In 1997, Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) replaced Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking which was managed by the MCD. The Delhi Fire Service runs 43 fire stations that attend about 15,000 fire and rescue calls per year.[85] The

Delhi state-owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and private enterprises Vodafone Essar, Airtel, Idea cellular, Reliance Infocomm, Aircel and Tata Indicom provide telephone and cell phone service to the city. Cellular coverage is available in GSM and CDMA.

Transport

The Indira Gandhi International Airport is the busiest airport in South Asia .

[86]

Shown here is Terminal 1D of the airport.

The DTC operates the world's largest fleet of CNG buses, totaling 9000

[53][87]

The Delhi Metro

Air
Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated in the west of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 200607, the airport was used by more than 23 million passengers,[88][89] making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost 96.8 billion (US$1.83 billion) to construct between 2007 and 2010, was expected to handle an additional 37 million passengers annually.[90] The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhis only airport and the second in India.[91] The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the airport for flying activities because of security concerns following the New York attacks in September 2001. Since then, the club only carries out aircraft maintenance courses,[91] and is used for helicopter rides to Indira Gandhi International Airport for VVIP including the president and the prime minister.[92]

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Rail
Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla.[93] The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi and the neighbouring cities Gurgaon, Noida and Ghaziabad. As of August 2011, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 189km (117mi) and 146 stations, and several other lines are under construction.[94] The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II was expected to cost an additional 216 billion (US$4.08 billion).[95] Phase-II has a total length of 128km and was expected to be completed by 2010.[96] In addition to the Delhi Metro, a suburban railway, the Delhi Suburban Railway exists.[97]

Roads
As of 2007, private vehicles account for 30% of the total demand for transport.[93] Delhi has 1922.32km of road length per 100km2, one of the highest road densities in India.[93] It is connected to other parts of India by five National Highways: NH 1, 2, 8, 10 and 24. The city's road network is maintained by MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board, Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development Authority.[98] The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway connects Delhi with Gurgaon and the international airport. The DND Flyway and Noida-Greater Noida Expressway connect Delhi with the suburbs of Noida and Greater Noida.[99][100] Delhi's rapid rate of economic development and population growth has resulted in an increasing demand for transport, creating excessive pressure on the city's transport infrastructure. As of 2008, the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, Delhi NCR, is 112 lakhs (11.2 million).[101] In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for every 1,000 of its residents.[102] In order to meet the transport demand, the State and Union government constructed a mass rapid transit system, including the Delhi Metro.[93] In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered that all public transport vehicles in Delhi must be fuelled by compressed natural gas (CNG).[103] Buses are the most popular means of public transport, catering for about 60% of the total demand.[93] The state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus service provider which operates the world's largest fleet of CNG-fuelled buses.[104] Delhi Bus Rapid Transit System runs between Ambedkar Nagar and Delhi Gate.

Demographics
Population Growth of Delhi
Census 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Pop. 405,819 413,851 488,452 636,246 917,939 1,744,072 2,658,612 4,065,698 6,220,406 9,420,644 13,782,976 16,753,235 % 2.0% 18.0% 30.3% 44.3% 90.0% 52.4% 52.9% 53.0% 51.4% 46.3% 21.6%

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source: Huge population rise in 1951 due to large scale migration after Partition of India in 1947.

The Akshardham temple, third largest Hindu temple complex in the world. Hinduism is the predominant faith in Delhi.

According to the 2011 census of India, the population of Delhi is 16,753,235.[1] The corresponding population density was 11,297 persons per km2, with a sex ratio of 866 women per 1000 men, and a literacy rate of 86.34%. In 2004, the birth rate, death rate and infant mortality rate per 1000 population were 20.03, 5.59 and 13.08, respectively.[105] In 2001, the population of Delhi increased by 285,000 as a result of migration and by 215,000 as a result of natural population growth[105] this made Delhi one of the fastest growing cities in the world. By 2015, Delhi is expected to be the third-largest conurbation in the world after Tokyo and Mumbai.[106] Dwarka Sub City, Asia's largest planned residential area, is located within the National Capital Territory of Delhi.[107]

Religion in Delhi Religion Hinduism Islam Sikhism Jainism Others

[108]

Percent 82% 11.7% 4% 1.1% 1.2%

Hinduism is Delhi's most popular religion, with approximately 82% of Delhi's population. The city has large communities of Muslims (11.7%), Sikhs (4%), Baha'i (0.1%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.94%) in the city.[109][110] Other minority religions include Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism.[111] The principle language in Delhi is Hindustani,[112] and Hindi (Devanagari Script) is the principal written language of the city.[113] There is a sizable Punjabi population and the Punjabi language has second language status in Delhi.[114] According a 19992000 estimate, the total number of people living below the poverty line, defined as living on US$11 or less per month, in Delhi was 1,149,000, or 8.23% of the total population, compared to 27.5% of India as a whole.[115] 52% of Delhi residents live in slums[116] without basic services like water, electricity, sanitation, sewage system or proper housing.[117][118] In 2005, Delhi accounted for the highest percentage (16.2%) of the crimes reported in 35 Indian cities with populations of one million or more.[119] The city has the highest rate of kidnapping and abduction cases with 9.3%; the national rate is 2.2%.[120] Delhi accounts for 15.4% of crime against women in Indian cities.[120]

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Culture
Delhi's culture has been influenced by its lengthy history and historic association as the capital of India. This is exemplified by many significant monuments in the city. The Archaeological Survey of India recognises 1200 heritage buildings[121] and 175 monuments as national heritage sites.[122] In the Old City, the Mughals and the Turkic rulers constructed several architecturally-significant buildings, such as the Jama Masjid India's largest mosque[123] and the Red Fort. Three World Heritage Sites the Red Fort, Qutab Minar and Humayun's Traditional pottery on display in Dilli Haat Tomb are located in Delhi.[124] Other monuments include the India Gate, the Jantar Mantar an 18th-century astronomical observatory and the Purana Qila a 16th century fortress. The Laxminarayan temple, Akshardham temple, the Bah' Lotus temple and the ISKCON temple are examples of modern architecture. Raj Ghat and associated memorials houses memorials of Mahatma Gandhi and other notable personalities. New Delhi houses several government buildings and official residences reminiscent of British colonial architecture, including the Rashtrapati Bhavan, the Secretariat, Rajpath, the Parliament of India and Vijay Chowk. Safdarjung's Tomb is an example of the Mughal gardens style. Some regal havelis (palatial residences) are in the Old City.[125] Chandni Chowk, a three-century-old shopping area, is one of the most popular shopping areas in Delhi for jewellery and Zari saris.[126] Delhi's arts and crafts include, Zardozi[127] an embroidery done with gold thread [128] and Meenakari[129] the art of enamelling.[130]

Festivals
Delhi's association and geographic proximity to the capital, New Delhi, has amplified the importance of national events and holidays like Republic Day, Independence Day (15 August) and Gandhi Jayanti. On Independence Day, the Prime Minister addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.[131] The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military strength.[132][133] Over the centuries, Delhi has become known for its composite culture, and a festival that symbolises this is the Phool Walon Ki Sair, which takes place in September. Flowers and pankhe fans embroidered with flowers are offered to the shrine of 13th century Sufi saint Khwaja Bakhtiyar Kaki and the Yogmaya

The Auto Expo is held annually at Pragati Maidan and showcases the technological prowess of the Indian automobile industry

temple, both situated in Mehrauli.[134]

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Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of lights), Mahavir Jayanti, Guru Nanak's Birthday, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Chauth, Krishna Janmastami, Maha Shivratri, Eid ul-Fitr, Moharram and Buddha Jayanti.[133] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as a backdrop.[135] Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. The Auto Expo, Asia's largest auto show,[136] is held in Delhi biennially. The World Book Fair, held biannually at the Pragati Maidan, is the second largest exhibition of books in the world.[137] Delhi is often regarded as the "Book Capital" of India because of high readership.[138]

The Pragati Maidan in Delhi hosts the World Book Fair annually.

Cuisine
As India's national capital and centuries old Mughal capital, Delhi influenced the food habits of its residents and is where Mughlai cuisine originated. Along with Indian cuisine, a variety of international cuisines are popular among the residents.[139] The dearth of food habits among the city's residents created a unique style of cooking which became popular throughout the world, with dishes such as Kebab, biryani, tandoori. The city's classic dishes include Butter chicken, Aloo Chaat, chaat, dahi vada, kachori, jalebi and lassi.[139][140]:40-50, 189-196 The fast living habits of Delhi's people has motivated the growth of street food outlets.[140]:41 A trend of dining at local dhabas is popular among the residents. High profile restaurants have gained popularity in recent years, among the popular restaurants are the Karim Hotel, the Punjab Grill and Bukhara.[141] The Gali Paranthe Wali (the street of fried bread) is a street in Chandni Chowk particularly for food eateries since the 1870's, almost the entire street is occupied by fast food stalls or street vendors who regularly. It has become almost a tradition that almost every prime minister of India has visited the street to eat paratha at least once, and other Indian cuisines are available here.[140]:40-50[142]
Rice and Kadai chicken from Delhi

Education
Private schools in Delhi which use either English or Hindi as the language of instruction are affiliated to one of three administering bodies, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE) [144] or the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). In 200405, approximately 15.29lakh (1.529million) students were enrolled in primary schools, 8.22lakh (0.822million) in middle schools and 6.69lakh (0.669million) in secondary schools across Delhi.[145] Female students represented 49% of the total enrollment. The same year, the Delhi government spent between 1.58% and 1.95% of its gross state domestic product on education.[145]

All India Institute of Medical Sciences is a global [143] leader in medical research and treatment.

Delhi

14 Schools and higher educational institutions in Delhi are administered either by the Directorate of Education, the NCT government or private organisations. In 2006, Delhi had 165 colleges, five medical colleges and eight engineering colleges,[145] seven major universities and nine deemed universities.[145] Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University and National Law University are the only state universities, Indira Gandhi National Open University is for distance education and the rest are central universities.[147] As of 2008, about 16% of all Delhi residents possessed at least a college graduate degree.[148]
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi is ranked as Asia's fourth-best institute in science and [146] technology in the year 1999.

Media
As the capital of India, Delhi is the focus of political reportage, including regular television broadcasts of Parliament sessions. Many national media agencies, including the state-owned Press Trust of India, Media Trust Of India and Doordarshan, are based in the city. Television programming includes two free terrestrial television channels offered by Doordarshan, and several Hindi, English and regional-language cable channels offered by multi system operators. Satellite television has yet to gain a large quantity of subscribers in the city.[149] Print journalism remains a popular news medium in Delhi. The city's newspapers include Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Punjab Kesari, Pavitra Bharat, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar and Dainik Desbandhu.[150] Amongst the English language newspapers, The Hindustan Times, with a daily circulation of over a million copies, is the single largest daily.[151] Other major English newspapers include Times of India, The Hindu, Indian Express, Business Standard, The Pioneer and Asian Age. Regional dailies include Malayala Manorama and Delhi Uptodate (weekly) and Dinakaran.[150]

Pitampura TV Tower broadcasts programming to Delhi

Radio is a less popular mass medium in Delhi, although FM radio has gained popularity[152] since the inauguration of several new stations in 2006.[153] A number of state-owned and private radio stations broadcast from Delhi.[154][155]

Delhi

15

Sports
Delhi has hosted many major international sporting events, including the first and the ninth Asian Games,[156] the 2010 Hockey World Cup and the 2011 Cricket World Cup at Feroz Shah Kotla. Delhi lost bidding for the 2014 Asian Games,[157] and considered making a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics.[158] However, sports minister Manohar Singh Gill later stated that funding infrastructure would come before a 2020 bid.[159] The 2010 Commonwealth Games, which ran from 3 to 14 October 2010, was one of the largest sports event held in India.[160][161] The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi at 7:00pm Indian Standard Time on 3 October 2010.[162] The ceremony featured over 8,000 performers and lasted for two and a half hours.[163] It is estimated that 350 crore (US$66.15 million) were spent to produce the ceremony.[164] Events took place at 12 competition venues. 20 training venues were used in the Games, including seven venues within Delhi University.[165] The rugby stadium in Delhi University North Campus hosted rugby games for Commonwealth Games.[165][166] The mess left behind after the Commonwealth Games prompted Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to replace Sports and Youth Affairs minister Manohar Singh Gill with Ajay Maken in the 19 January 2011 Cabinet reshuffle.[167] Cricket and football are the most popular sports in Delhi.[168] There are several cricket grounds, or maidans, located across the city. The Feroz Shah Kotla stadium is one of the oldest cricket grounds in India and is a venue for international cricket matches. The Delhi cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy, a domestic first-class cricket championship.[169] The city is also home to the Indian Premier League team Delhi Daredevils, and Indian Cricket League team Delhi Giants, previously called Delhi Jets. Ambedkar Stadium, a football stadium in Delhi which holds 20,000 people, was the venue for the Indian football team's World Cup qualifier against UAE on 28 July 2012.[170] Delhi hosted the Nehru Cup in 2007[171] and 2009, in both of which India defeated Syria 1-0.[172] In the Elite Football League of India, Delhi's first professional American football franchise, the Delhi Defenders played its first season in Pune.[173] Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida, a suburb of Delhi, hosts the annual Formula 1 Indian Grand Prix.[174] The Indira Gandhi Arena is also in Delhi.

Sister cities and twin regions

Delhi has the following sister cities[175]
City Seoul Chicago London Los Angeles Sydney Kuala Lumpur Moscow Tokyo Ulan Bator Saint Petersburg Paris (Partner City) Yerevan (Partner City) Geographical location Seoul National Capital Area Illinois England California New South Wales Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur Moscow Kant region (Honsh island) Mid-East Mongolia Saint Petersburg le-de-France Yerevan Nation South Korea United States 2001 [176] Since

United Kingdom 2002[177] United States Australia Malaysia Russia Japan Mongolia Russia France Armenia 2002 2002 2006 [178] [178] [179] 2002 [178]

2008

Delhi

16
Fukuoka Prefecture (Twin region) Kyushu 2007

Japan

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"GIS Based Maintenance Management System (GMMS) For Major Roads Of Delhi" (http:/ / www. gisdevelopment. net/ proceedings/ mapindia/ 2006/ transportation/ mi06tran_200. htm). Map India 2006: Transportation. GISdevelopment.net. . Retrieved 14 January 2007. [99] "Noida: An idea that has worked" (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ articleshow/ 4993. cms). The Times of India. 4 June 2003. . [100] "DND Flyway" (http:/ / www. dndflyway. com/ ). DND Flyway. . Retrieved 17 May 2012. [101] "Traffic snarl snaps 42 Cr man-hour from Delhi, NCR workers at iGovernment" (http:/ / www. igovernment. in/ site/ traffic-snarl-snaps-42-cr-man-hour-from-delhi-ncr-workers/ ). Igovernment.in. . Retrieved 3 November 2008. [102] "Every 12th Delhiite owns a car- Automobiles-Auto-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times" (http:/ / economictimes. indiatimes. com/ Every_12th_Delhiite_owns_a_car/ articleshow/ 2667484. cms). Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2 January 2008. . Retrieved 3 November 2008. 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(http:/ / www. rediff. com/ / / money/ 2006/ sep/ 05iycu. htm). rediff news: Business. Rediff.com. . Retrieved 8 January 2007. [150] "Delhi Newspapers" (http:/ / www. newspapers. co. in/ delhi/ state. cfm). http:/ / www. newspapers. co. in. . Retrieved 17 May 2012. [151] "Biographical Data of Vir Sanghvi" (http:/ / www. virsanghvi. com/ about-vir. aspx). . Retrieved 17 May 2012. [152] Naqvi, Farah (14 November 2006). "Chapter4: Towards a Mass Media Campaign: Analysing the relationship between target audiences and mass media" (http:/ / downloads. bbc. co. uk/ worldservice/ trust/ pdf/ india_sex_selection/ Chapter4. pdf) (PDF). Images and icons: Harnessing the Power of Mass Media to Promote Gender Equality and Reduce Practices of Sex Selection. BBC World Service Trust. pp.2636. . Retrieved 8 January 2007. [153] "Delhi: Radio Stations in Delhi, India" (http:/ / www. asiawaves. net/ india/ delhi-radio. htm). ASIAWAVES: Radio and TV Broadcasting in South and South-East Asia. Alan G. Davies. 15 November 2006. . Retrieved 7 January 2007. [154] "All India Radio" (http:/ / india. gov. in/ knowindia/ radio. php). Indian govt.. . Retrieved 30 May 2012. [155] "Radio Stations in Delhi, India" (http:/ / www. asiawaves. net/ india/ delhi-radio. htm). Asiawaves asiawaves.net. . Retrieved 30 May 2012. [156] "India to bid for 2014 Asian Games" (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 4389563. stm). South Asia (BBC). 29 March 2005. . Retrieved 21 December 2006. [157] "New Delhi loses bid" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2007/ 04/ 18/ stories/ 2007041802062000. htm). The Hindu (Chennai, India: The Hindu). 18 April 2007. . Retrieved 18 April 2007. [158] "Delhi To Bid For 2020 Summer Games" (http:/ / www. gamesbids. com/ eng/ index. php?news=1177787226). gamesbids.com. Menscerto Inc.. 28 April 2007. . Retrieved 5 August 2007. [159] "India Won't Bid For 2020 Games" (http:/ / www. gamesbids. com/ eng/ olympic_bids/ future_bids_2016/ 1216134862. html). Gamesbids.com. . 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[167] "New Sports Minister" (http:/ / www. sify. com/ sports/ a-youthful-ajay-maken-is-india-s-new-sports-minister-news-others-lbtt4Wibbaa. html). Sify.com. 19 January 2011. . Retrieved 11 March 2011. [168] Camenzuli, Charles. "Cricket may be included in the 2010 Games" (http:/ / www. aipsmedia. com/ index. php?page=interview& cod=4). Interview. International Sports Press Association. . Retrieved 7 January 2007. [169] Cricinfo staff. "A Brief History: The Ranji Trophy" (http:/ / content. cricinfo. com/ india/ content/ story/ 261615. html). Cricinfo. The Wisden Group. . Retrieved 6 January 2007. [170] "Ambedkar stadium to host India's World Cup qualifier" (http:/ / articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ 2011-06-28/ top-stories/ 29712461_1_dsa-vice-president-nk-bhatia-ambedkar-stadium-football-stadium). Times Of Inia. 28 June 2011. . Retrieved 17 May 2012. [171] "Bob Houghtons Boys made India proud with a superb victory over Syria" (http:/ / www. kolkatafootballs. com/ ongc_nehru_2007. html). 17 May 2012. http:/ / www. kolkatafootballs. com. . [172] "India vs Syria Nehru Cup 2009 Football Final Results, Highlights" (http:/ / www. clbuzz. com/ india-vs-syria-nehru-cup-2009-football-final-results-highlights/ ). CLbuzz. . Retrieved 17 May 2012. [173] They Need TV Product: Why American Football Is Coming To India TIME NewsFeed (http:/ / newsfeed. time. com/ 2011/ 08/ 04/ they-need-tv-product-why-american-football-is-coming-to-india/ ). Newsfeed.time.com (2011-08-04). Retrieved on 2011-10-24. [174] "India company says on track for 2011 F1 race" (http:/ / in. reuters. com/ article/ topNews/ idINIndia-39048520090415?pageNumber=1& virtualBrandChannel=0& sp=true). Reuters. April 15, 2009. . Retrieved 2009-10-21. [175] "Delhi to London, its a sister act" (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ articleshow/ 15278423. cms). India Times. 7 July 2002. . Retrieved 18 February 2009. [176] "Sister cities of Chicago" (http:/ / www. chicagosistercities. com/ cities/ delhi. php). . Retrieved 12 February 2011. [177] "Friendship agreement to be signed between London and Delhi" (http:/ / legacy. london. gov. uk/ view_press_release. jsp?releaseid=1329). . Retrieved 12 February 2011. [178] "Sister-City Agreements" (http:/ / www. delhi. gov. in/ wps/ wcm/ connect/ doit_udd/ Urban+ Development/ Our+ Services/ International+ Affairs+ Cell+ (IC)/ Achievement). . Retrieved 12 February 2011. [179] "Paris wants 'sister-city' relationship with Delhi" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ Paris-wants-sister-city-relationship-with-Delhi/ Article1-194656. aspx). . Retrieved 12 February 2011.

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Further reading
Economic Survey of Delhi 20052006 (http://delhiplanning.nic.in/Economic Survey/ES 2005-06/ES2005-06. htm). Planning Department. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. Retrieved on 12 February 2007 Horton, P (2002). Lonely Planet Delhi (3 ed.). Lonely Planet Publications. ISBN1-86450-297-5. Rowe, P; Coster, P (2004). Delhi (Great Cities of the World). World Almanac Library. ISBN0-8368-5197-8. Four-part series on Delhi (May 30-June 2, 2012). Metrocity Journal: Delhi's Changing Landscape (http://blogs. wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/05/30/metrocity-journal-delhis-changing-landscape//). The Wall Street Journal.

External links
Government NCT of Delhi Government Website (http://delhi.gov.in/) Department of Tourism, Government of NCT of Delhi (http://www.delhitourism.nic.in/) New Delhi / NCR Classified Advertisement Portal (http://www.clickdelhi.in/) Other Delhi travel guide from Wikitravel Delhi (http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/India/Delhi/) at the Open Directory Project

New Delhi

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New Delhi
New Delhi
Metropolitan City

From top clockwise: Lotus Temple, Humayun's Tomb, Connaught Place, Akshardham Temple, and India Gate

New Delhi
Coordinates: 283650N 771232E Country State Headquarters Established Government Lieutenant Governor Chief Minister Area Metropolitan City Elevation Population (2011) [1] 1500km2 (600sqmi) 216m (709ft) Tejendra Khanna Sheila Dikshit India Delhi New Delhi 1911

New Delhi

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Metropolitan City Density Metro Time zone ZIP code(s) Area code(s) Vehicle registration Official languages Website 249,998 5,854.7/km2 (15,164/sqmi) 13,850,507 IST (UTC+5:30) 110xxx +91-11 DL-1x-x-xxxx to DL-13x-x-xxxx Hindi [www.ndmc.gov.in www.ndmc.gov.in]

i New Delhi /njdli/ is the capital city of India. New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.

The foundation of the city was laid on 15 December 1911.[2] It was planned by two leading 20th-century British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker. The new Capital was christened "New Delhi" in 1927,[3] and subsequently inaugurated on 13 February 1931,[4] by British India's Viceroy Lord Irwin. On 12 December 2011, New Delhi celebrated 100 years of Capitalship,[5] making it another landmark year in the New Delhi district within the city of Delhi long history of the historic capital of the region of Delhi.[5] New Delhi is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Humayun's Tomb and the Qutub complex.[6] There are areas like Old Delhi and Mehrauli in New Delhi which have a number of heritage structures. New Delhi is known as the microcosm of India[7] and is leading worlds top global cities with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence.[8] The metropolis of Delhi is the 2nd most populous in India[9] with a total population nearing 17 million residents,[10] the capital city being the 10th most populous city in the world by city proper[11] and has the 7th biggest urban agglomeration in the world with a population of 23 million people.[12] The metropolis has the highest urban spread in the country with a total area of the city being 1482km2.[9][13][14] According to Mercer, New Delhi is the most expensive city in India for expatriates in terms of cost of living, figuring 113th in the list of 214 cities.[15] Reflecting the growing global economic clout of the Asian region, have been ranked among the 75 top centres of commerce in the world.[16] The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated New Delhi as an "alpha- world city".[17] In 2011, Knight Frank's world city survey ranked it 37th globally.[18] The National Geographic's Traveler Magazine describes it as "one of the Ultimate Cities of a Lifetime to visit and explore."[19] In a report jointly prepared by Institute for Competitiveness and Confederation of Indian Industry, the city is listed as the best to live in India.[20][21] The city of New Delhi is also known for its wide, tree-lined boulevards and is home to numerous national institutions, museums and landmarks.

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History
Delhi was laid out to the south of the Old City which was constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. However, New Delhi overlies the site of seven ancient cities and hence includes many historic monuments like the Jantar Mantar, Humayun Tomb, Qila Rai Pithora and the Lodhi Gardens.[22]

Walkway and garden around the Museum at Qila Rai Pithora, the first city of Delhi founded during 10th Century by Prithviraj Chauhan

Establishment
Calcutta was the capital of India until December 1911 during the British Raj. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient and Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi.[23] Unlike Calcutta, which was located on the eastern coast of India, Delhi was located in northern India and the Government of British India felt that it would be easier to administer India from Delhi rather than from Calcutta.[23]

Lord Curzon and Lady Curzon arriving at the Delhi Durbar, 1903.

On 12 December 1911, during the Delhi Durbar, George V, the then Emperor of India, along with Queen Mary, his Consort, made the announcement[24][25] that the capital of the Raj was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi, while laying the foundation stone for the Viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway Camp.[26][27] The foundation stone[28] of New Delhi was laid by King George V and Queen Mary at the site of Delhi Durbar of 1911 at Kingsway Camp on 15 The Delhi Durbar of 1911, with King George V and Queen Mary December 1911, during their imperial visit. Large parts seated upon the dais. of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens (Sir Edwin from 1918) and Herbert Baker (Sir Herbert from 1926), both leading 20th century British architects, and the contract was given to Sobha Singh (later Sir Sobha

New Delhi Singh). Lutyens first visited Delhi in 1912, and construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931, when the city later dubbed "Lutyens' Delhi" was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Lord Irwin, the Viceroy. Lutyens laid out the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial aspirations.[14][29] However, soon Lutyens started considering other places. Indeed, the "Delhi Town Planning Committee on the planning of new Imperial capital" with George Swinton as chairman and John A. Brodie and Lutyens as members, submitted its reports for both "North" and "South" sites. However, it was rejected by the Viceroy, when the cost of compensation while acquiring the properties, was found to be too high. The central axis of New Delhi, which today faces east at India Gate, was previously meant to be a North-South axis, linking Viceroy's The 1931 series celebrated the inauguration of House with Paharganj, as the end of the axis.[30] Eventually owing to New Delhi as the seat of government. The one space constraints and presence of a large number heritage sites in the rupee stamp shows George V with the North side, the committee finalised on South site.[31] A site atop the "Secretariat Building" and Dominion Columns. Raisina Hill, formerly Raisina village, a Meo village, was chosen for the Rashtrapati Bhawan, then known as the Viceroy's House. The historic reason for this choice was that the hill lay directly opposite to the Dinapanah citadel, which was also considered the site of Indraprastha, the ancient region of Delhi. Subsequently, the foundation stone was shifted from the site of Delhi Durbar of 19111912, where the Coronation Pillar stood as well, and embedded in the walls of the forecourt of the Secretariat. The Rajpath, also known as King's Way, stretched from the India Gate to the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Secretariat building, which houses various ministries of the Government of India, flanked out of the Rashtrapati Bhawan, and the Parliament House, both designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs parallel to the Rajpath. Towards the south, land till Safdarjung's Tomb was acquired for construction to create what is today known as Lutyens' Bungalow Zone.[32] Before the construction could begin on the rocky ridge of Raisina Hill, a circular railway line, around the Council House (now Parliament House), called the 'Imperial Delhi Railway', was built to transport construction material and workers for the next 20 years. The last stumbling block was the Agra-Delhi railways line that cut right through the site earmarked for the hexagonal All-India War Memorial (India Gate), Kingsway (Rajpath) as the Old Delhi Railway Station served the entire city till then, eventually the line was shifted along Yamuna river and opened in 1924. The New Delhi Railway Station was opened in 1926 with a single platform at Ajmeri Gate near Paharganj, ahead of the inauguration of the city in 1931.[33][34] As the principal construction of the Viceroy House (present Rashtrapati Bhavan), Central Secretariat, Parliament House, and All-India War Memorial (India Gate) was winding down the construction of shopping district and plaza of the new capital, Connaught Place began in 1929, and was complete by 1933. Named after The Prince Arthur, 1st Duke of Connaught (18501942), it was designed by Robert Tor Russell, chief architect to the Public Works Department (PWD).[35] After the capital of India moved to Delhi, a temporary secretariat building was constructed in a few months in 1912 in North Delhi. Most of the government offices of the new capital moved here from the 'Old secretariat' in Old Delhi (the building now houses the Delhi Legislative Assembly), a decade before the new capital was inaugurated in 1931. Many employees were brought into the new capital from distant parts of India, including the Bengal Presidency and Madras Presidency. Subsequently housing for them was developed around Gole Market area in 1920s.[3] Built in 1940s, to house government employees, with bungalows for senior officials in the nearby Lodhi Estate area, Lodhi colony near historic Lodhi Gardens, was the last residential areas built by the British Raj.[36]

26

New Delhi

27

Post-independence
After India gained independence in 1947, a limited autonomy was conferred to New Delhi and was administered by a Chief Commissioner appointed by the Government of India. In 1956, Delhi was converted into a union territory and eventually the Chief Commissioner was replaced by a Lieutenant Governor. The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991 declared the Rashtrapati Bhavan and adjacent buildings, illuminated Union Territory of Delhi to be formally known as National Capital for the Republic Day. Territory of Delhi.[37] A system of diarchy was introduced under which the elected Government was given wide powers, excluding law and order which remained with the Central Government. The actual enforcement of the legislation came in 1993. The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path.[38] The second phase of extension of New Delhi, which started in late 1950s by acquiring land from Munirka farmers. Developed by CPWD to south-West of Central Secretariat, its development continued till 1970s, when R. K. Puram, one of the largest residential colonies of the time was established.[38] By now Delhi was growing in all directions, especially towards South Delhi and trans-Yamuna areas, with new private colonies coming up rapidly, filling up all the spaces left behind by government housing colonies. The construction picked further speed when Delhi Development Authority (DDA) started developing public housing colonies across Delhi, as well as housing townships, from Pitampura, Patparganj, Rohini, Dwarka to Vasant Kunj in the south, in the 1980s and 90s.[38] So much so, that Safdarjung Airport which was once at the edge of the city, came almost in its middle, and is no longer in use for commercial flights, which started operating from the Palam Airport in 1962. Two big sports of growth in the city, came when the city hosted international sports events, first the 1982 Asian Games and more recently the 2010 Commonwealth Games. The city celebrated 100 years as Capital on 12 December 2011.

Geography
With a total area of 42.7km2, New Delhi forms a small part of the Delhi metropolitan area[39] and is located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain because of which there is little difference in the city's altitude. New Delhi and surrounding areas were once a part of the Aravalli Range, but all that is left now is the Delhi ridge, which is also called the Lungs of Delhi. The second feature is the Yamuna floodplains; New Delhi lies west of the Yamuna river, although for the most part, New Delhi is a landlocked city. East of the river is the urban area of Shahdara. New Delhi falls under the seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to earthquakes.[40]

Climate
The climate of New Delhi is a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cwa) with high variation between summer and winter, in terms of both temperatures and rainfall. The temperature varies from 46 C (115F) in summers to around 0 C (32F) in winters. The area's version of a humid subtropical climate is noticeably different from many other cities with this climate classification in that it features long and very hot summers, relatively dry and cool winters, a monsoonal period, and dust storms. Summers are long, from early April to October, with the monsoon season in the middle of the summer. Winter starts in November and peaks in January. The annual mean temperature is around 25 C (77F); monthly daily mean temperatures range from approximately 14 to 34 C (57to 93F). Delhi's lowest temperature ever recorded is 0.7 C (30.7F). The average annual rainfall is 714 millimetres (28.1in), most of which is during the monsoons in July and August.[41]

New Delhi

28

Climate data for Delhi Month Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Jan
21.1 (70) 7.3 (45.1)

Feb
24.2 (75.6) 10.1 (50.2)

Mar
30.0 (86) 15.4 (59.7)

Apr
36.2 (97.2) 21.5 (70.7)

May

Jun

Jul
35.1 (95.2) 26.6 (79.9)

Aug
33.3 (91.9) 25.9 (78.6)

Sep
33.9 (93) 24.4 (75.9)

Oct
32.9 (91.2) 19.5 (67.1)

Nov
28.3 (82.9) 12.8 (55)

Dec
23.0 (73.4) 8.2 (46.8)

Year
31.4 (88.5) 18.8 (65.8)

39.6 39.3 (103.3) (102.7) 25.9 (78.6) 28.3 (82.9)

15.0 15.8 6.7 17.5 54.9 231.5 258.7 127.8 36.3 5.0 7.8 797.3 Rainfall mm 20.3 (0.799) (0.591) (0.622) (0.264) (0.689) (2.161) (9.114) (10.185) (5.031) (1.429) (0.197) (0.307) (31.39) (inches)

Avg. rainy days Mean monthly sunshine hours

1.7

1.3

1.2

0.9

1.4

3.6

10.0

11.3

5.4

1.6

0.1

0.6

39.1

213.9

217.5

238.7

261.0

263.5

198.0

167.4

176.7

219.0

269.7

246.0

217.0

2,688.4

Source #1: WMO

[42] [43]

Source #2: HKO (sun only, 19711990)

Government
The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the federal Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, is also the capital of the NCT of Delhi. As of 2005, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) and five members nominated by the central government.

The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. According to the Indian constitution, if a law passed by Delhi's legislative assembly is repugnant to any law passed by the Parliament of India, then the law enacted by the parliament shall prevail over the law enacted by the assembly.[44] New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi.

The Secretariat Building houses Ministries of Defence, Finance, Home Affairs and External Affairs. It also houses the Prime Minister's office.

New Delhi

29

Urban structure
Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial pretensions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, stretches from the Rashtrapati Bhavan to the India Gate. The Janpath (Hindi: "Path of the People"), formerly Queen's Way, begins at Connaught Circus and cuts the Rajpath at right angles. Nineteen (19) foreign embassies are located on the nearby Shantipath (Hindi: "Path of Peace"), making it the largest diplomatic enclave in India.[45] At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses various ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, which runs Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official residence of the parallel to the Rajpath. The Connaught Place is a large, circular President of India and at present is the largest commercial area in New Delhi, modelled after the Royal Crescent in residence of any Chief of the State in the world. England. Twelve separate roads lead out of the outer ring of Connaught Place, one of them being the Janpath.

Transport
Being a planned city, New Delhi has numerous arterial roads, some of which have an iconic status associated with them such as Rajpath, Janpath and Akbar Road. In 2005, private vehicles accounted for 30% of total transportation demand for the Delhi metropolitan area.[47] Road construction and maintenance is primarily the responsibility of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)'s Civil Engineering Department.[48] Underground subways are a common feature across New Delhi. As of 2008, 15 subways were operational.[49] In 1971, the administrative responsibility of the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) was The Delhi Transport Corporation operates the [46] transferred from Municipal Corporation of Delhi to Government of world's largest fleet of CNG powered buses. India following which DTC extended its operations to New Delhi. In 2007, there were 2700 bus stops in New Delhi, of which 200 were built and maintained by NDMC and the rest by DTC.[50] The Delhi Metro, constructed and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), connects the city with the rest of the metropolis of Delhi. Under an agreement with NDMC, DMRC can acquire land for the construction of metro rail and stations in New Delhi without any financial implications.[51] NDMC is also constructing multi-level parking systems in collaboration with DMRC at various Delhi metro stations across New Delhi to increase parking space.[52] The New Delhi Railway Station which is the main railway station in Delhi, is the second busiest and one of the largest stations in India connects Delhi with the rest of the country. Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) is the primary aviation hub of Delhi. In 2011-2012, the airport recorded a traffic of more than 35 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country[53] and also making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. New US$1.93 billion Terminal 3 will handle an additional 34 million passengers

New Delhi annually.[54] Further expansion programs will allow the airport to handle more than 100 million passengers per annum by 2020.Safdarjung Airport is the other airfield in Delhi used for general aviation purpose.[55] Public transport in Delhi is provided by buses, auto rickshaws and a metro rail system. Buses are the most popular means of transport catering to about 60% of the total demand. The state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) is a major bus service provider for the city. The DTC operates the world's largest fleet of environment-friendly CNG buses. Delhi BRTS is Bus rapid transit serving the city which runs between Ambedkar Nagar and Delhi Gate.
Delhi Metro

30

The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operated by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), serves many parts of Delhi as well as the satellite city of Gurgaon and Noida. As of October 2010, the metro consists of six operational lines with a total length of 153km (95mi) and 130 stations while several other lines are under construction. The Phase-I was built at a cost of US$2.3 billion and the Phase-II will cost an additional US$4.3 billion. Phase-II of the network is under construction and will have a total length of 128km. It is expected to be completed by 2010. Phase-III and IV will be completed by 2015 and 2020 respectively, creating a network spanning 413.8km, longer than that of the London Underground.

CNG powered Auto rickshaw for common public transport.

Auto rickshaws are a popular means of public transportation in Delhi, as they charge a lower fare than taxis. Most run on Compressed natural gas and are yellow and green in colour. Taxis are not an integral part of Delhi public transport, though they are easily available. Private operators operate most taxis, and most neighbourhoods have a taxi stand from which taxis can be ordered or picked up. In addition, air-conditioned radio taxis, which can be ordered by calling a central number, have become increasingly popular, charging a flat rate of 15 per kilometre. Delhi is a major junction in the rail map of India and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi Railway Station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. Delhi is connected to other cities through many highways and expressways. Delhi currently has three expressways and three are under construction to connect it with its prosperous and commercial suburbs. The Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway connects Delhi with Gurgaon and the international airport. The DND Flyway and Noida-Greater Noida Expressway connect Delhi with two prosperous suburbs of Noida and Greater Noida.

New Delhi

31

Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) is situated in the western corner of Delhi and serves as the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 200607, the airport recorded a traffic of more than 23 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. A new US$1.93 billion Terminal 3 handles an additional 34 million passengers annually in 2010. Further expansion programs will allow the airport to handle more than 100 million passengers per annum by 2020. Private vehicles account for 30% of the total demand for transport. At Indira Gandhi International Airport is one of the 1922.32km of road length per 100km, Delhi has one of the highest largest airports in the world and the busiest [56] airports in South Asia. road densities in India. Delhi is well connected to other parts of India by five National Highways: NH 1, 2, 8, 10 and 24. Roads in Delhi are maintained by MCD (Municipal Corporation of Delhi), NDMC, Delhi Cantonment Board, Public Works Department (PWD) and Delhi Development Authority. Delhi's high population growth rate, coupled with high economic growth rate has resulted in an ever increasing demand for transport creating excessive pressure on the city's existent transport infrastructure. As of 2008. Also, the number of vehicles in the metropolitan region, i.e., Delhi NCR is 112 lakhs (11.2 million). In 2008, there were 85 cars in Delhi for every 1,000 of its residents. In order to meet the transport demand in Delhi, the State and Union government started the construction of a mass rapid transit system, including the Delhi Metro. In 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered all public transport vehicles of Delhi to use compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel instead of diesel and other hydro-carbons. Northern Peripheral Road road is being developed under the public private partnership (PPP) model. This stretch will connect Dwarka with National Highway 8 at Kherki Dhaula and will pass Pataudi Road. The NPR stretch has been planned as an alternate link road between Delhi and Gurgaon, and is expected to ease the traffic situation on the Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway. The road will also provide connectivity to the much-touted Reliance-HSIIDC SEZ besides the Garhi Harsaru dry depot.

Demographics
According to the 2011 census New Delhi has a population of 249,998.[1] This gives it a ranking of 609th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 5,854.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,164/sqmi).

Religion
Religion in New Delhi Religion Hindus Muslims Sikhs Jains Christians Others Percent 86.8% 6.3% 2.4% 1.1% .9% 2.5%

Distribution of religions Includes Parsis, Buddhists and Jews.

New Delhi

32 Hinduism is the religion of 86.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also large communities of Muslims (6.3%), Sikhs (2.4%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in Delhi.[57] Other minorities include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews.[58] Hindi and Punjabi are the main spoken languages in New Delhi.

Culture
The Laxminarayan Temple is a famous Hindu temple in New Delhi.

New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) are celebrated with great enthusiasm in New Delhi and the rest of India. On India's Independence Day (15 August) the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation from the Red Fort. Most Delhiites celebrate the day by flying kites, which are considered a symbol of freedom.[59] The Republic Day Parade is a large cultural and military parade showcasing India's cultural diversity and military might.[60][61] Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Christmas and Mahavir Jayanti.[61] The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India are showcased at night, with the Qutub Minar as the chosen backdrop of the event.[62] Other events such as Kite Flying Festival, International Mango Festival and Vasant Panchami (the Spring Festival) are held every year in Delhi. New Delhi also has a thriving theatre scene,[63] with many active theatre groups including Pierrot's Troupe.

The Sacred Heart Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral and designed by British architect Henry Medd based on Italian architecture.

Cityscape
Architecture
The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy.[7][29][64] All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim architecture.[7][65]

Gurudwara Bangla Sahib a Sikh gurdwara in New Delhi.

It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911.[66] Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and historians like E.B. Havell.[65]

New Delhi

33

Historic sites and museums

New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 194748[67] was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.[68] The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.[65] It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War.[65] The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-lyses in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on January 26.
The National Museum in New Delhi is one of the largest museums in India.

The India Gate built in 1931 is the national monument of India.

Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on January 30, 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity of the Yamuna River. The Raj Ghat in the shape of large square platform with black marble was designed by architect Vanu Bhuta. Jantar Mantar located in Connaugth Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. Qutb Minar constructed with red sandstone and marble, and is the tallest minaret in India,[69] with a height of 72.5 meters (237.8ft), contains 379 stairs to reach the top, and the diameter of base is 14.3 meters where as the last store is of 2.7 meters.

The 'Martyr's Column' at the Gandhi Smriti, the spot where Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi on 1948.

New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum.[70] and Supreme Court of India Museum.[71]

New Delhi

34 Historic places in New Delhi include Jantar Mantar, Gandhi Smriti, Buddha Jayanti Park and Lodi Gardens. In the coming years, a new National War Memorial and a new National War Memorial Museum is going to be constructed in New Delhi.[72][73]

Sports
The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. It will bid for the 2019 Asian Games.

Venues
Built in 1193, the Qutub Minar is part of the ancient capital of the Tughlaq dynasty

Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex.

City-based clubs
Club Sport League IPL Stadium Feroz Shah Kotla Span 2008 -

Delhi Daredevils Cricket Delhi Wizards Delhi Giants

Field hockey WSH Cricket ICL

Dhyan Chand National Stadium 2011 Feroz Shah Kotla 2007 - 2008

Economy
Connaught Place, one of northern India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expanded due in part to the large skilled English-speaking workforce that has attracted many multinational companies. Key service industries include information technology, telecommunications, hotels, banking, media and tourism. The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg.[74]
Tata Motors pavilion showcasing its Jaguar range at Delhi Auto Expo.

The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey

New Delhi of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085crores (for the year 200405)[75] and a per capita income of Rs. 53,976($ 1,200).[75] In the year 200809 New Delhi had a Per Capita Income of Rs.1,16,886 ($ 2,595).It grew by 16.2% to reach Rs.1,35,814 ($ 3,018) in 200910 fiscal. New Delhi's Per Capita GDP (at PPP) was at $ 6,860 during 200910 fiscal, making it one of the richest cities in India. The tertiary sector contributes 78.4% of Delhi's gross SDP followed by secondary and primary sectors with 20.2% and 1.4% contribution respectively.[75] The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011-12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore, which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal.[76]

35

International relations and organisations

The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi.[77] New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, WHO, World Bank, IMF, UNIFEM, IFC and UNAIDS. New Delhi hosts 145 foreign embassies and high commissions.

Summits
New Delhi hosted the 7th NAM Summit in 1983 and 4th BRICS Summit[78] in 2012.

Sister cities
New Delhi has six official sister cities[79][80]
City Chicago Ulan Bator London Moscow Administrative division Cook County Ulan Bator Greater London and City of London Central Federal District Sovereign state United States Mongolia Year 2001 2001

United Kingdom 2002 Russia Russia South Africa 2002 2002 2007

Saint Petersburg Northwestern Federal District Johannesburg City of Johannesburg

References
[1] "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ 2011-prov-results/ paper2/ data_files/ India2/ Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above. pdf). censusindia. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. . Retrieved 18 October 2011. [2] Lahiri, Tripti (13 January 2012). "New Delhi: One of Historys Best-Kept Secrets" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 08/ one-of-historys-best-kept-secrets/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . [3] "Capital story: Managing a New Delhi" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ Capital-story-Managing-a-New-Delhi/ Article1-740284. aspx). Hindustan Times. 1 September 2011. . [4] Stancati, Margherita (8 December 2011). "New Delhi becomes the capital of Independent India" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 12/ 08/ independence-through-a-womans-lens/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . Retrieved 11 December 2011. [5] "New Delhi: Journey of its rich heritage (19112011)" (http:/ / www. aajkikhabar. com/ en/ news/ 688330/ 688330. html). Aaaj Ki Khabar. . Retrieved 16 January 2012. [6] "Lists: Republic of India" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ statesparties/ in). UNESCO. . [7] The Millennium Book on New Delhi. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN978-0-19-565445-5. [8] "The Global Cities Index 2010: Top Global Cities of the World" (http:/ / www. foreignpolicy. com/ articles/ 2010/ 08/ 11/ the_global_cities_index_2010). Foreign Policy. . Retrieved 26 May 2011.

New Delhi
[9] Mumbai biggest city, Delhi NCR largest urban spread: Census - India - DNA (http:/ / www. dnaindia. com/ india/ report_mumbai-biggest-city-delhi-ncr-largest-urban-spread-census_1605626) [10] "Population growth rate slows down; concentration up in South-West, North-West" (http:/ / www. thehindu. com/ news/ cities/ Delhi/ article2997946. ece?css=print). The Hindu (Chennai, India). 15 March 2012. . [11] List of cities proper by population - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ List_of_cities_proper_by_population) [12] The Principal Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps (http:/ / www. citypopulation. de/ world/ Agglomerations. html) [13] Lahiri, Tripti (13 January 2012). "New Delhi: The Lutyens Legacy" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 12/ 29/ delhi-journal-the-lutyens-legacy/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . [14] "Yadgaar" (http:/ / nationalmuseumindia. gov. in/ pdf/ yadgaar. pdf). National Museum, New Delhi. . Retrieved 18 May 2010. [15] "Mercer Survey: New Delhi most expensive Indian city for expats" (http:/ / www. mercer. com/ costoflivingpr#City_rankings). Mercer. 14 June 2012. . Retrieved 14 June 2012. [16] "Indian cities among world's top centres of commerce" (http:/ / articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/ 2008-06-10/ news/ 27705279_1_cities-commerce-index-region). Times of India. Jun 10, 2008. . Retrieved 2 October 2012. [17] "The World According to GaWC 2010" (http:/ / www. lboro. ac. uk/ gawc/ world2010. html). Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network. Loughborough University. . Retrieved 15 September 2011. [18] "Results Of The Knight Frank Global Cities Survey" (http:/ / www. knightfrank. com/ wealthreport/ 2011/ global-cities-survey/ ). . [19] "National Geographic Ultimate Cities of a Lifetime: Delhi, India" (http:/ / travel. nationalgeographic. com/ city-guides/ ). National Geographic. . Retrieved 26 May 2011. [20] "IFC and CII Report: Delhi is the best city to live in" (http:/ / www. financialexpress. com/ news/ delhi-best-city-to-live-in-cii/ 588257/ ). The Financial Express. . Retrieved 26 May 2011. [21] Liveability Index 2011| Institute for Competitiveness, India (http:/ / competitiveness. in/ 2011/ 12/ 20/ liveability-index-2011/ ) [22] Stephen Legg (22 July 2011). Spaces of Colonialism: Delhi's Urban Governmentalities (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=nCqc9ALEANkC). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-1-4443-9951-6. . Retrieved 2 October 2012. [23] Wright, Tom (11 November 2011). "Why Delhi? The Move From Calcutta" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 11/ why-delhi-the-move-from-calcutta/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . Retrieved 16 November 2011. [24] Wright, Tom (22 November 2011). "In 1911, Rush to Name Delhi as Capital Causes a Crush" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 22/ in-1911-rush-to-name-delhi-as-capital-causes-a-crush/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . Retrieved 3 December 2011. [25] "Was New Delhi a Death Knell for Calcutta?" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 28/ was-new-delhi-a-death-knell-for-calcutta/ ). The Wall Street Journal. 28 November 2011. . Retrieved 3 December 2011. [26] Hall, P (2002). Cities of Tomorrow. Blackwell Publishing. pp.198206. ISBN0-631-23252-4. [27] Coronation park (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ StoryPage/ FullcoverageStoryPage. aspx?sectionName=IndiaSectionPage& id=5720f679-41cd-4e23-a9eb-c2f6b5d707c8Indiaturns61_Special& Headline=Coronation+ park+ cries+ out+ for+ help) Hindustan Times, 14 August 2008. [28] Lahiri, Tripti (20 November 2011). "The New Delhis That Might Have Been" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 20/ the-new-delhis-that-might-have-been/ ). The Wall Street Journal. . Retrieved 3 December 2011. [29] "Architecture of New Delhi" (http:/ / www. apollo-magazine. com/ news-and-comment/ 7412378/ architecture. thtml). Apollo (magazine). . Retrieved 30 January 2012. [30] Chishti, M. Anees (2001). "Delhi Town Planning Committee" (http:/ / books. google. co. in/ books?id=O9Wck_MEB9cC& pg=PA220& dq=Paharganj& hl=en& ei=BhVzTveeNI3SrQfMv-XcCg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=9& ved=0CE0Q6AEwCDge#v=onepage& q=Paharganj& f=false). Committees and commissions in pre-independence India 18361947, Vol. 4. Mittal Publications. p.220. ISBN81-7099-804-2. . [31] Chishti, p. 225. [32] Chishti, p. 222. [33] "A fine balance of luxury and care" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ News-Feed/ chunk-ht-ui-newdelhi100years-topstories/ A-fine-balance-of-luxury-and-care/ Article1-723880. aspx). Hindustan Times. 21 July 2011. . [34] "When Railways nearly derailed New Delhi" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ News-Feed/ newdelhi/ When-Railways-nearly-derailed-New-Delhi/ Article1-652023. aspx). Hindustan Times. 18 January 2011. . [35] "CP's blueprint: Bath's Crescent" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ CP-s-blueprint-Bath-s-Crescent/ Article1-659739. aspx). Hindustan Times. 8 February 2011. . [36] "A tale of two cities" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ News-Feed/ newdelhi/ A-tale-of-two-cities/ Article1-740282. aspx). Hindustan Times. 1 September 2011. . [37] "The Constitution (Sixty-Ninth Amendment) Act, 1991" (http:/ / indiacode. nic. in/ coiweb/ amend/ amend69. htm). The Constitution (Amendment) Acts, The Constitution of India. National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. . Retrieved 8 January 2007. [38] Viswambhar Nath (2007). "Delhi Before 1947" (http:/ / books. google. co. in/ books?id=Obd1vEVEPdgC& pg=PA244& dq=Paharganj& hl=en& ei=QJl1Ttz3HM7KrAe3krXAAw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2& ved=0CDUQ6AEwAThG#v=onepage& q=Paharganj& f=false). Urbanization, urban development, and metropolitan cities in India. Concept Publishing Company. pp.248, 251. ISBN81-8069-412-7. .

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New Delhi
[39] "NDMC Act" (http:/ / www. ndmc. gov. in/ AboutNDMC/ NNDMCAct. aspx). Ndmc.gov.in. . Retrieved 4 November 2008. [40] "Hazard profiles of Indian districts" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20060519100611/ http:/ / www. undp. org. in/ dmweb/ hazardprofile. pdf) (PDF). National Capacity Building Project in Disaster Management. UNDP. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. undp. org. in/ dmweb/ hazardprofile. pdf) on 16 May 2006. . Retrieved 23 August 2006. [41] "Chapter 1: Introduction" (http:/ / delhiplanning. nic. in/ Economic Survey/ ES 2005-06/ Chpt/ 1. pdf) (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 20052006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp.pp17. . Retrieved 21 December 2006. [42] "World Weather Information Service - New Delhi" (http:/ / worldweather. wmo. int/ 066/ c00224. htm). World Meteorological Organisation. . Retrieved 2011-05-04. [43] "Climatological Normals of New Delhi, India" (http:/ / www. weather. gov. hk/ wxinfo/ climat/ world/ eng/ asia/ india/ new_delhi_e. htm). Hong Kong Observatory. . Retrieved 2011-05-04. [44] "The Constitution (Amendment)" (http:/ / indiacode. nic. in/ coiweb/ amend/ amend69. htm). Indiacode.nic.in. . Retrieved 4 November 2008. [45] "Embassies in Delhi, Embassies Address, Contacts, E-Mail, Delhi Embassies" (http:/ / delhionline. in/ TouristPlaces/ Embassies/ ). Delhionline.in. . Retrieved 4 November 2008. [46] "Delhi's CNG success inspiring many countries: Naik" (http:/ / www. outlookindia. com/ pti_news. asp?gid=48& id=103516). outlookindia.com. Press Trust of India (Outlook Publishing (India) Private Limited). . [47] Delhiplanning.nic.in (http:/ / delhiplanning. nic. in/ Economic Survey/ ES 2005-06/ Chpt/ 12. pdf) [48] NDMC Main Screen (http:/ / www. ndmc. gov. in/ Departments/ Civil/ Dept_CivilEng_Road. aspx?KEY=01?Key=1) [49] Ndmc -Civil -Subways (http:/ / www. ndmc. gov. in/ Departments/ Civil/ Dept_CivilEng_Subway. aspx) [50] "Cities" (http:/ / cities. expressindia. com/ local-news/ archivefullstory. php?newsid=237852& creation_date=2007-05-25). cities.expressindia.com. . Retrieved 4 November 2008. [51] Google search (http:/ / 72. 14. 205. 104/ search?q=cache:6DhdlpoNvg8J:www. ndmc. gov. in/ Resolutions%202007/ CIVIL/ civil%20engineering%2018. 07. 07/ ITEM%20NO. %2030%20(A-27). doc+ NDMC+ DMRC+ delhi& hl=en& ct=clnk& cd=1& gl=us& client=firefox-a) [52] "The Hindu : New Delhi News : Two-level parking for Palika Place" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2007/ 07/ 26/ stories/ 2007072655710400. htm). The Hindu (Chennai, India). 26 July 2007. . Retrieved 4 November 2008. [53] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ List_of_busiest_airports_in_India_by_passenger_traffic 2011 Statistics [54] "Daily Times Leading News Resource of Pakistan" (http:/ / www. dailytimes. com. pk/ default. asp?page=2007\02\18\story_18-2-2007_pg5_24). Dailytimes.com.pk. . Retrieved 3 November 2008. [55] "VIDD Airport" (http:/ / gc. kls2. com/ airport/ VIDD). Great Circle Search. Karl L. Swartz. . Retrieved 14 January 2007. [56] Airport-delhi.com (http:/ / airport-delhi. com/ ) [57] Censusindiamaps.net (http:/ / www. censusindiamaps. net/ page/ Religion_WhizMap1/ housemap. htm) [58] "Data on Religion" (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ ). Census of India 2001. p.1. . Retrieved 16 May 2006. [59] "Independence Day" (http:/ / 123independenceday. com/ indian/ gift_of/ freedom/ ). 123independenceday.com. Compare Infobase Limited. . Retrieved 4 January 2007. [60] Ray Choudhury, Ray Choudhury (28 January 2002). "R-Day parade, an anachronism?" (http:/ / www. thehindubusinessline. com/ 2002/ 01/ 28/ stories/ 2002012800060800. htm). The Hindu Business Line. . Retrieved 13 January 2007. [61] "Fairs & Festivals of Delhi" (http:/ / www. india-tourism. org/ delhi-travel-info/ delhi-fairs-festivals. html). Delhi Travel. India Tourism.org. . Retrieved 13 January 2007. [62] Tankha, Madhur (15 December 2005). "It's Sufi and rock at Qutub Fest" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2005/ 12/ 15/ stories/ 2005121503090200. htm). The Hindu (Chennai, India). . Retrieved 13 January 2007. [63] The Hindu Arts (http:/ / www. thehindu. com/ arts/ ) [64] "New Delhi's controversial birth" (http:/ / www. ndtv. com/ article/ india/ new-delhi-s-controversial-birth-157374). NDTV. . Retrieved 10 March 2012. [65] "New Delhi: A New Capital" (http:/ / www. boloji. com/ index. cfm?md=Content& sd=Articles& ArticleID=1005). Boloji.com. 30 January 2012. . [66] "The Building of New Delhi" (http:/ / blogs. wsj. com/ indiarealtime/ 2011/ 11/ 16/ the-building-of-new-delhi/ ). The Wall Street Journal. 30 January 2012. . [67] "History of the National Museum" (http:/ / nationalmuseumindia. gov. in/ history. html). . Retrieved 25 January 2011. [68] "Delhi- 100 years as the Capital" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ yw/ 2011/ 02/ 01/ stories/ 2011020150210200. htm). The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 Feb 2011. . [69] Singh (2010). Longman History & Civics ICSE 7 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=JcqySqnQtzwC). Pearson Education India. p.42. ISBN978-81-317-2887-1. . Retrieved 27 October 2011. [70] "Complete list of Museums in city of New Delhi and Union Territory of Delhi" (http:/ / delhigovt. nic. in/ museum. asp#15). Government of Delhi, India. 12 January 2012. . [71] "Supreme Court of India - Museum" (http:/ / supremecourtofindia. nic. in/ supct/ scm/ scimuseum_publish. pdf). Supreme Court of India. 19 October 2012. . [72] "National War Memorial and National War Memorial Museum to come up at India Gate at New Delhi, India" (http:/ / www. indianexpress. com/ news/ national-war-memorial-to-come-up-at-india-gate/ 991366). The Indian Express. 19 October 2012. .

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New Delhi
[73] "Finally, plans for National War Memorial approved: Defence Minister of India" (http:/ / www. ndtv. com/ article/ india/ finally-plans-for-national-war-memorial-approved-defence-minister-256172). NDTV. 19 October 2012. . [74] "New Delhi: Overall rank 37; Economic activity rank 39 by 2011 Wealth Report" (http:/ / www. rediff. com/ business/ slide-show/ slide-show-1-new-delhi-mumbai-in-top-global-cities-index/ 20110421. htm). Rediff Business. 21 April 2011. . Retrieved 29 June 2011. [75] "Chapter 2: State Income" (http:/ / delhiplanning. nic. in/ Economic Survey/ ES 2005-06/ Chpt/ 2. pdf) (PDF). Economic Survey of Delhi, 20052006. Planning Department, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. pp.pp816. . Retrieved 21 December 2006. [76] Delhi's GDP at Rs 3 lakh cr for 2011-12 - Indian Express (http:/ / www. indianexpress. com/ news/ delhis-gdp-at-rs-3-lakh-cr-for-201112/ 942442/ ) [77] "The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the [[UNESCAP (http:/ / www. apctt. org/ about_us/ aboutus. html)]"]. Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology, UNESCAP. . [78] "Plans for the BRICS Delhi Summit: March 29, 2012" (http:/ / www. brics. utoronto. ca/ plans/ brics-plans-120110. pdf). brics.utoronto.ca. . Retrieved 16 January 2012. [79] "SISTER-CITY AGREEMENTS/MEMORANDUM" (http:/ / www. delhi. gov. in/ wps/ wcm/ connect/ doit_udd/ Urban+ Development/ Our+ Services/ International+ Affairs+ Cell+ (IC)/ Sisters+ City+ Agreements/ ). The Government of NCT of Delhi. 2010. . Retrieved 9 March 2011. [80] "Making Joburg an entry point into Africa" (http:/ / www. joburg. org. za/ index. php?option=com_content& task=view& id=833& Itemid=131). . Retrieved 10 March 2012.

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Further reading
Byron, Robert. (1997). Architectural Review, New Delhi. London: Asian Educational Services; 2 edition. pp.36 pages.. ISBN978-8120612860. Johnson, David A. "A British Empire for the twentieth century: the inauguration of New Delhi, 1931," Urban History, Dec 2008, Vol. 35 Issue 3, pp 462487 Volwahsen, Andreas. (2003). Imperial Delhi: The British Capital of the Indian Empire. Prestel Publishing. pp.320 pages.. ISBN978-3791327884. Kumar, Pushpam (February 2009). "Assessment of Economic Drivers of Land Use Change in Urban Ecosystems of Delhi, India". AMBIO 38 (1): 3539. doi:10.1579/0044-7447-38.1.35. Ridley, Jane. "Edwin Lutyens, New Delhi, and the Architecture of Imperialism," Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History, May 1998, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp 6783 Sonne, Wolfgang. Representing the State: Capital City Planning in the Early Twentieth Century (2003) 367pp; compares New Delhi, Canberra, Washington & Berlin. Pothen, Nayantara. (2012). Glittering Decades New Delhi in Love and War. Penguin. pp.288 pages.. ISBN978-0670086009.

External links
New Delhi Government Portal (http://www.delhi.gov.in/) New Delhi Municipal Council (http://www.ndmc.gov.in/) Detailed map of New Delhi (http://dcnewdelhi.delhigovt.nic.in/images/ndmap.gif) Official Website of Delhi Tourism (http://delhitourism.nic.in/)

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Old Delhi
Old Delhi (Hindi: ) (Urdu: Purn Dill) , walled city of Delhi, India, was founded as Shahjahanabad (Urdu: )by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in 1639.[1] It remained the capital of the Mughals until the end of the Mughal dynasty.[2][3] It was once filled with mansions of nobles and members of the royal court, along with elegant mosques and gardens. Today, despite having become extremely crowded and dilapidated because of the failure of the Delhi government to control migrants from moving in, it still serves as the symbolic heart of Islamic metropolitan Delhi.

View of Old Delhi from Jama Masjid, 1973.

History
The site of Shahjahanabad is north of earlier settlements of Delhi, its southern part overlaps some of the area settled during the Tughlaqs in 14th century, when it was the seat of Delhi Sultanate. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (120690); the Khalji dynasty (12901320); the Tughlaq dynasty (13201414); the Sayyid dynasty (141451); and the Lodi dynasty (14511526).
Jama Masjid built by Shah Jahan, 1656. Delhi remained an important place for the Mughals, they built palaces and forts here. Most importantly, it was Shah Jahan, who had the walled city built from 1638 to 1649, containing the Lal Qila and the Chandni Chowk. Daryaganj had the original cantonment of Delhi, after 1803, where a native regiment of Delhi garrison was stationed, which was later shifted to Ridge area. East of Daryaganj was Raj ghat Gate of the walled city, opening at Raj Ghat on Yamuna River.[4] First wholesale market of Old Delhi opened as the hardware market in Chawri Bazar in 1840, the next wholesale market was that of dry fruits, spices and herbs at Khari Baoli, opening in 1850. The Phool Mandi (Flower Market) of Daryaganj was established in 1869, and even today, despite serving a small geographical area, it is of great importance due to dense population.[5]

After the fall of the Mughal Empire post 1857 revolt, the British Raj shifted the capital of India to a less volatile city, Calcutta, where it remained until 1911. After the announcement of the change, the British developed Lutyens' Delhi (in modern New Delhi) just south-west of Shahjahanabad. At this point, the older city started being called Old Delhi, as New Delhi became the seat of national government. It was formally inaugurated as such in 1931. Until the 1930s, few people ventured outside the walled city; thus in the following years, as the walled city got more and more congested, other areas around it were developed.[6]

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Walls and gates

It is approximately shaped like a quarter crcle, with the Red Fort as the focal point. The old city was surrounded by a wall enclosing about 1,500 acres (6.1km2), with 14 gates[7]: 1. Nigambodh Gate: northeast, leading to historic Nigambodh Ghat on the Yamuna River 2. Kashmiri Gate: north 3. Mori Gate: north 4. Kabuli gate: west 5. Lahori gate: west 6. Ajmeri Gate: southeast, leading to Ghaziuddin Khan's Madrassa and Connaught Place, a focal point in New Delhi.
Historic map of Delhi (Shahjahanabad), 1863

7. Turkman Gate: southeast, close to some pre-Shahjahan remains which got enclosed within the walls, including the tomb of Hazrt Shah Turkman Bayabani. 8. Delhi Gate: south leading to Feroz Shah Kotla and what was then older habitation of Delhi. The surrounding walls, 12 feet (3.7m) wide and 26 feet (7.9m) tall, originally of mud, were replaced by red stone in 1657. In the Mughal period, the gates were kept locked at night. The walls have now largely disappeared,[8] but most of the gates are still present. The township of old Delhi is still identifiable in a satellite image because of density of houses. The famous Khooni Darwaza south of Delhi Gate, was just outside the walled city, it was originally constructed by Sher Shah Suri.

Streets and neighbourhoods

The main street, now termed Chandni Chowk, runs from the Red Fort to Fatehpuri Masjid. Originally a canal ran through the middle of the street. North of the street, there is the mansion of Begum Samru, now called Bhagirath Palace. South is the street is Dariba, a dense residential area, beyond which is Jama Masjid. Daryaganj is a section that used to border the river at Rajghat and Zeenat-ul-Masajid. The language Urdu emerged from the Urdu Bazar section of Old Delhi. The Din Dunia magazine and various other Urdu publications are the reason of this language staying alive.[9] Its main arteries are Netaji Subhash Marg/Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg leading to India Gate(north and south) Chandni Chowk/Khari Bawli Road (east and west) Old Delhi is approximately bounded by these modern roads (Google map [10])
Map of Delhi and New Delhi after the First World War. The descriptions are in Czech.

Old Delhi Gokhle Marg (south) Mahatma Gandhi Marg road (east) Shraddhananda Rd (west) Jawaharlal Nehru Marg (south)

41

The New Delhi originally referred to the newer sections of Delh (sometimes termed Lutyens' Delhi) developed during the British administration by Edward Lutyens in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931.

Old Delhi in 1876

In 1876, Carr Stephen described the city as follows:[11] Of the two streets described by Bernier, the longer extended from the Lahore Gate of the city to the Lahore Gate of the citadel, and the other from the Delhi Gate of the city to the Lahore Gate of the fort. Both these streets were divided into several sections, each of which was known by a different name. The section between the Lahore Gate of the fort and the entrance of the street called the Dariba, known as the Khuni Darwazah, was called the Urdu or the Military Bazaar; owing, very probably, to the The Lahori Gate of Red Fort from Chandni circumstances of a portion of the local garrison having been once Chowk. quartered about the place. Between the Khuni Darwazah and the present Kotwali, or the Head Police Station of the city, the street has the name of Phul ka Mandi or the flower market. The houses in front of the Kotwali were built at a short distance from the line of the rest of the houses in the street, so as to form a square. Between the Kotwali and the gate known as the Taraiah, was the Jauhari or the Jewellers' Bazaar; between the Taraiah and the neighbourhood known as Asharfi ka Katra, was, par excellence, the Chandni Chauk. There was a tank in the centre of the Chauk the site of which is now occupied by the Municipal Clock Tower, and beyond this to the Fatehpuri Masjid was the Fatehpuri Bazaar. The houses round Chandni Chauk were of the same height, and were ornamented with arched doors and painted verandahs. To the north and south of the square there were two gate-ways, the former leading to the Sarai of Jahanara Begam, and the latter to one of the most thickly populated quarters of the city. Round the tank the ground was literally covered with vegetable, fruit, and sweetmeat stalls. In the course of time the whole of this long street came to be known as the Chandni Chauk. This grand street was laid out by Jahanara Begam, daughter of Shah Jahan. From the Lahore Gate of the fort to the end of the Chandni Chauk the street was about 40 yards wide and 1,520 yards long. Through the centre of this street ran the canal of 'Ali Mardan, shaded on both sides by trees. On the eastern end of the Chandni Chauk stands the Lahore Gate of the Fort, and on the opposite end the handsome mosque of Fatehpuri Begam). The clock tower no longer exists. The Sarai of Jehan Ara Begum has been replaced by the city hall. The kotwali is now adjacent to Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib.

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Historical spots
Many of the historical attractions are in the Chandni Chowk area and the Red Fort. In addition, Old Delhi also has[12]: Ghalib Ki Haveli [13] that is in Ballimaran [13] is famous for Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, the renowned Urdu and Persian poet. Gali Qasim Jan that is in Ballimaran is famous for Mirza Ghalib's haveli, and that of Hakim Ajmal Khan Razia Sultana's (Delhi's only female ruler before Indira Gandhi) tomb near Kalan Masjid Jama Masjid, India's largest mosque Fatehpuri Masjid Khari Baoli, Asia's biggest spice market Zinat-ul Masjid, Daryaganj built in 1710 by one of Aurangzeb's daughters Rajghat, Mahatma Gandhi's cremation site memorial St. James Church (near Kashmiri Gate) built in 1836, Delhi's oldest church, built by Col. James Skinner.[14] Some of the historical mansions include[15][16]: Begum Samru's Palace of 1806 (see [17])now called Bhagirath Palace. Naughara mansions in Kinari Bazaar, 18th century Jain mansions. Khazanchi haveli Haveli [13] of Mirza Ghalib, Gali Qasim Jan that is in Ballimaran
[18]

Old Delhi Chandni Chowk

Chunnamal haveli, Katra Neel Haveli of Zinat Mahal, Lal Kuan Bazar

Old Delhi Railway Station built 1903

Haksar Haveli, Bazar Sitaram, where Jawaharlal Nehru was married in 1916 to Kamla Nehru. Haveli Naharwali, Kucha Sadullah Khan, where Pervez Musharraf, former president of Pakistan was born Kucha Chelan (Kucha Chehle Ameeran)Where the Persian descent inhabited

Old Delhi Cuisine

Old Delhi is well known for its cuisine, both vegetarian and Mughlai cuisine. Chandni Chowk is home to the famous Gali Paranthe Wali and Ghantewala halwai. Old Delhi is the home to legendary Mughlai restaurants such as Karim's (located in Jama Masjid area) and the Moti Mahal (located in Darya Ganj). There are a plenty of other restaurants in Muslim areas of Old Delhi such as Jama Masjid, Balli Maran, and Chitli Qabar that sell mouth-watering, spicy Mughlai delicacies such as Tandoori Chicken, Butter Chicken, Nahari, Korma, Biryani, Seekh Kebabs, etc.

Historic Karim's at Old Delhi.

Old Delhi is also famous for its street food. Chandni Chowk and Chawri Bazaar areas have many street joints that sell spicy chaat (tangy and spicy snacks).

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Further reading
Delhi, the emperor's city: rediscovering Chandni Chowk and its environs, by Vijay Goel. Lustre Press, 2003. ISBN 81-7436-240-1.

References
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] http:/ / www. dawn. com/ weekly/ dmag/ archive/ 080817/ dmag9. htm PAST PRESENT: Shahjahanabad Before 1857 By Mubarak Ali History of Mughal Architecture By R. Nath, Abhinav Publications, 2006 City of Djinns: A Year in Delhi By William Dalrymple, Olivia Fraser, HarperCollins, 1993 Fanshawe, p. 67 Ashok Kumar Jain (2009). Urban transport: planning and management (http:/ / books. google. co. in/ books?id=Ye0fMoARJ2YC& pg=PA176& dq=Darya+ Ganj& hl=en& ei=utN0TuWuI4a0rAffyq3AAw& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=6& ved=0CEoQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage& q=Darya Ganj& f=false). APH Publishing. pp.166, 176. ISBN81-313-0441-8. . "A tale of two cities" (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ News-Feed/ newdelhi/ A-tale-of-two-cities/ Article1-740282. aspx). Hindustan Times. September 01, 2011. . http:/ / www. milligazette. com/ Archives/ 2004/ 01-15Jun04-Print-Edition/ 011506200496. htm Dilli's gates and windows By Mahtab Jahan Showers bring down ASI-protected wall in Old Delhi (http:/ / cities. expressindia. com/ fullstory. php?newsid=58065), ExpressIndia (web-site), The Indian Express, 2003-07-19 Ghalib, 1797-1869: In 2vols .Vol.1, Life and Letters, By Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, Ghalib, Asad-Allh n Mrz lib, Ralph Russell, Khurshidul Islam Published by Allen & Unwin, 1969

[6] [7] [8] [9]

[10] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?hl=en& q=delhi+ map& ie=UTF8& ll=28. 653989,77. 225904& spn=0. 049409,0. 047207& z=14 [11] Carr Stephen, Archaeology and Monumental Remains of Delhi (Author, 1876), pp. 246-47 [12] Old Delhi- 10 easy walks, by Malone Barton, 2006, South Asia Books [13] http:/ / www. ballimaran. com [14] The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty: Delhi, 1857, By William Dalrymple, Vintage, (March 11, 2008) [15] Havelis of Old Delhi/Text by Pavan K. Varma and Sondeep Shankar. Reprint, First published in 1992. New Delhi, Bookwise, 1999 [16] Itihas ki dastan hain, Dilli ki havelian http:/ / epaper. hindustandainik. com/ blog/ uploaded_images/ historical_monument_resembles_delhi_haveli-765785. jpg [17] http:/ / www. collectbritain. co. uk/ personalisation/ object. cfm?uid=019ADDOR0005475U00047VRB& largeimage=1#largeimage [18] http:/ / www. Ballimaran. com

H.C. Fanshawe (1998). Delhi, past and present (http://books.google.co.in/books?id=vJ4HFt5S8CcC& pg=PA67&dq=Daryaganj&hl=en&ei=rtN0To2yKsjNrQfjlYXAAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result& resnum=9&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q=Daryaganj&f=false). Asian Educational Services. ISBN81-206-1318-X. Stephen P. Blake (2002). Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India 1639-1739 (http://books.google. com/books?id=vJ0e0kfgttUC&pg=PA58&dq="Paharganj"& sig=ACfU3U1wLEEtlwGHpwtxlCFPk0fQSickQA). Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-52299-4.

External links
Street Pictures from Old Delhi (http://photo.mellbin.com/Travel/2008-India-Delhi-Streets-2008/ 6639790_uwHBG#423618733_iFksM) "Purani Dilli continues to prosper" (http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001104/windows/estate.htm). The Tribune. November 4, 2000.

Jaipur

44

Jaipur
Jaipur
Pink city

Metropolitan City

Clockwise from top: Jal Mahal, Lakshmi-Narayan Temple, Albert Hall, Hawa Mahal, Jantar Mantar Nickname(s): The Pink City

Jaipur
Coordinates: 265534N 754925E Country State District Settled Founder Named for Government Type Mayor Police commissioner Democratic Jyoti Khandelwal (INC) B.l soni India Rajasthan Jaipur November 18, 1727 Maharaja Ram Seo Master II Maharaja Swai Jai Singh II

Jaipur

45
Area Metropolitan City Elevation Population (2011) [1] 6,663,971(10th India) 598/km2 (1,550/sqmi) 34,99,204 31,64,767 10th IN IST (UTC+5:30) 302 0xx 91141-XXXX XXXX RJ-14 Hindi, Rajasthani, English Jaipur International Airport (Major/International) [www.jaipur.nic.in www.jaipur.nic.in] 11117.8km2 (4,292.6sqmi) 431m (1,414ft)

Metropolitan City Density Urban Rural Metro rank Time zone ZIP code(s) Area code(s) Vehicle registration Spoken languages Primary Airport Website

Jaipur is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, after whom the city has been named. The city today has a population of 3.1 million. Jaipur is also known as Pink City and Paris of India. The city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 34m (111ft) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex, (Hawa Mahal), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort, which was the residence of the King Sawai Jai Singh II, crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. The observatory, Jantar Mantar, is one of the World Heritage Sites.[2] Included on the Golden Triangle tourist circuit, along with Delhi and Agra, Jaipur is an extremely popular tourist destination in Rajasthan and India.

History
In ancient time Jaipur region came under the Matsya Kingdom. Modern Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Ram Seo Master II of Amber who ruled from 16991744. Initially, his capital was Amber, which lies 11km from Jaipur. He felt the need of shifting his capital city with the increase in population and growing scarcity of water. The King consulted several books on architecture and architects before making the layout of Jaipur. Finally, under the architectural guidance of Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, (initially an accounts-clerk in the Amber treasury, later promoted to the office of Chief Architect by the King) Jaipur came into existence on the classical principles of Vastu Shastra and similar classical treatises.

Jaipur, Principal Street, c. 1875

Jaipur After waging several battles with the Marathas, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II wanted to improve the security aspects of the city. Being a lover of astronomy, mathematics and astrophysics, Jai Singh sought advice from Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, a Brahmin scholar of Bengal, to aid him in designing many buildings, including the Royal Palace in the center of the city. The construction of the city started in 1727. It took around four years to complete the major palaces, roads and square. The city was built following the principles of Shilpa Shastra, the science of Indian Architecture. The city was divided into nine blocks, of which two contain the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allotted to the public. Huge fortification walls were built, along with seven strong gates. For the time, architecture of the town was very advanced, and certainly the best in the Indian subcontinent. In 1876, during the regime of Sawai Ram Singh, the whole city was painted pink to welcome Edward, Prince of Wales. Today, avenues remain painted in pink, giving Jaipur a distinctive appearance.[3] In the 19th century, the city grew rapidly; by 1900 it had a population of 160,000. The city's wide boulevards were paved and lit. The city had several hospitals. Its chief industries were metals and marble, fostered by a school of art (named 'Madarsa Hunree') founded in 1868. The city also had three colleges, including a Sanskrit college (1865) and a girls' school (1867) initiated under the reign of the enigmatic Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II. There was also a wealthy and enterprising community of native bankers, the Marwaris; and the administrators Rawana rajput. Maharaja Rishabh Bhawani Singh, a member of the erstwhile maharaja family of Jaipur, died on 17 April 2011 at a private hospital in Gurgaon following multi-organ failure.

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Geography and climate

Geography

Jal Mahal, the palace on Man Sagar Lake. Jaipur is the headquarters of Jaipur district which is situated in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is located at 2655N 7549E. It has an average elevation of 431metres (1417ft). The major rivers passing through the Jaipur district are Banas and Banganga. Ground water resources to the extent of about 28.65 million cubic meters are available in the district. Although serious drought is rare, poor water management and exploitation of groundwater with extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in some areas.

Climate
Jaipur has a hot semi-arid climate (Kppen climate classification BSh) receiving over 650 millimetres (26in) of rainfall annually but most rains occur in the monsoon months between June and September. Temperatures remain relatively high throughout the year, with the summer months of April to early July having average daily temperatures of around 30 C (86F). During the monsoon there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The winter months of November to February are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 1518 C (5964F) and with little or no humidity. There are however occasional cold waves that lead to temperatures near freezing.[4]

Jaipur

47

Panoramic view from the hills surrounding Jaipur

Climate data for Jaipur Month Record high C (F) Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Record low C (F) Precipitation mm (inches) Jan
30 (86) 23 (73) 8 (46) 1 (34)

Feb
32 (90) 26 (79) 11 (52) 0 (32)

Mar
40 (104) 32 (90) 16 (61) 5 (41)

Apr
43 (109) 37 (99) 21 (70) 12 (54)

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep
39 (102) 33 (91) 23 (73) 19 (66)

Oct
38 (100) 33 (91) 19 (66) 10 (50)

Nov
37 (99) 29 (84) 13 (55) 6 (43)

Dec
32 (90) 24 (75) 9 (48) 3 (37)

Year
45 (113) 31.9 (89.5) 18.5 (65.3) 0 (32)

45 43 45 39 (113) (109) (113) (102) 40 40 (104) (104) 25 (77) 17 (63) 27 (81) 21 (70) 34 (93) 26 (79) 16 (61) 32 (90) 24 (75) 20 (68)

8 12 6 4 16 66 (0.31) (0.47) (0.24) (0.16) (0.63) (2.6) Source: BBC Weather

216 231 80 23 3 3 668 (8.5) (9.09) (3.15) (0.91) (0.12) (0.12) (26.3)

Fauna
In Jaipur there is a colony of 60 monkeys.[5]

Langurs in Jaipur.

Jaipur

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Demographics
Jaipur population
Census 1981 1991 2001 2011 Pop. 1,015,200 1,518,200 2,322,575 3,001,256 % 49.5% 53.0% 29.2% [6]

Source: Census of India

As of 2011, Jaipur had a population of 3,073,350[1] The Population of the Jaipur Metropolitan area is 3,646,590. Jaipur is the 10th largest city of India according to census of 2011. The Hindu population accounts for 77%, Muslim 17%, Jains 4%, Christians 0.5%, and Sikhs 0.5%. While 47.49% people lived in rural areas, 52.51% lived in urban areas. The overall literacy rate for the district was 76.44%. 87.27% males and 64.63% females were literate. The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males.[1] Hindi and Rajasthani are the most common language for daily communication. English, Punjabi, Sindhi are also widely spoken. According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report of 2009, Jaipur ranks 3rd in the list of 35 Indian cities with a population of more than 1 million (10 lakh) for crime rates.[7] City's main jail is Jaipur Central Jail.
Religion in Jaipur Religion Hindus Muslim Jains Others Christians Percent 77% 17% 4% 1.5% .50%

Distribution of religions Includes Sikhs (0.5%), Buddhists (<0.5%).

Architecture
The city was planned according to Indian Vastu Shastra (Vedic Planning for the comfort and prosperity of the citizens). The directions of each street and market are East to West and North to South. The Eastern gate is called Suraj (Sun) Pol, while the Western gate is called Chand (Moon) Pol. There are three gates facing East, West, and North and a Northern gate (known as Zorawar Singh gate) which faces toward the ancestral capital of Amber, while many gates face South. For Jai Singh II and his advisor Vidyadhar, the founding of Jaipur was a ritual and opportunity to plan a whole town according to the principles of Hindu architectural theory.

The Ganesh Pol of Amber fort. Amber is now part of Jaipur Municipal Corporation.

Jaipur

49

The city was originally within walls, though it has expanded outside of the original walls over time. The gates used to be closed at sunset and opened at sunrise. The town of Jaipur is built in the form of an eight-part Mandala known as the 'Pithapada'.

Economy
Jaipur district is a centre for both traditional and modern industries. It is famous as a large exporter of gold, diamond and stone jewellery in Asia and is the only city finishing blue diamond, or tanzanite, in the world. In 2008, Jaipur was ranked 31 among the 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing cities.[8] Genpact and Infosys have their BPO in Jaipur. A World Trade Park (WTP) is under construction in Malaviya Nagar. It will have a luxury hotel, business halls and many showrooms of international brands. In coming years it is projected to become a hub for modern business development in Jaipur.[9] A film city near Agra highway is also being planned.[10]

Jaipur View From Nahargarh Fort.

Main sights
Jaipur is a major tourist destination in India. In the 2008 Conde Nast Traveller Readers Choice Survey, Jaipur was ranked the 7th best place to visit in Asia.,[11] The Presidential Suite at the Raj Palace Hotel, billed at US$45,000 per night, is listed at number 2 on World's 15 most expensive hotel suites complied by CNN Go in 2012.[12] Forts and monuments Jaipur has a number of forts and monuments like Hawa Mahal, Amber Fort, Jaigarh Fort, Nahargarh Fort, City Palace, Jantar Mantar, Jal Mahal, Rambagh Palace, Central Museum, Albert Hall Museum.

Jaipur Temples and places for worship The landscape of Jaipur is dotted with numerous temples and religious places. It is because of the numerous temples that it is sometimes also known as Chhoti Kashi. Some of the famous temples in Jaipur include Govind Dev Ji Temple, Galtaji, Lakshmi Narayan Mandir commonly known as Birla Temple, Garh Ganesh Temple, Panchayati Hall.

50

Gardens The city has a number of gardens and parks. Prominent among them are Ram Niwas Garden Sisodia Rani Garden and Palace Jawahar Circle Garden kulish garden

Other places of interest include Chand Baori Chokhi Dhani Kathputhli slum Raj Mandir Cinema

Culture
Jaipur has a number of important cultural sites. Cultural Centres like Jawahar Kala Kendra and Ravindra Manch have helped promote the culture of the state of Rajasthan. Albert Hall Museum (Government Central Museum) hosts several arts and antiquities. There is a Government Museum at Hawa Mahal, an art gallery at Viratnagar. The Town Hall (Old Vidhan Sabha Bhawan) is proposed to be converted into a museum. There are statues depicting various forms of Rajasthani culture along various parts of the city.

Arts and crafts

The prior rulers of Jaipur patronized a number of arts and crafts. They invited skilled artisans, artists and craftsmen from India and abroad. The different communities settled in various parts of city and made Jaipur their home. As a result, Jaipur is a major hub for various kinds of arts and crafts. Some of the crafts include Bandhani; Block printing; Stone carving and Sculpture; Tarkashi; Zari, Gota, Kinari and Zardozi; Silver Jewellery; Gems, Kundan, Meenakari and Jewellery; Miniature paintings; Blue Pottery; Ivory carving; Shellac work; Leatherware, etc.

Jawahar Kala Kendra, designed by Charles Correa, in Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Jaipur Performing arts Jaipur also has its own performing arts, such as the Jaipur Gharana of Kathak.

51

Cuisine
Typical dishes include Dal Baati Churma, Missi Roti. Sweet dishes include Ghevar, Feeni, Gajak, Chauguni ke laddu, Moong Thal.[13]

Festivals
A number of festivals are organized in the city at various time of the year. Some of them include Gangaur Festival, Jaipur Literature Festival, and Teej festival.

Sports
The main cricket stadium in the city, Sawai Mansingh Stadium, has a seating capacity of 30,000, and has hosted many national and international cricket matches; it also contains other sports facilities. The city is represented in the IPL by the team Rajasthan Royals.

Education
Jaipur contains 8 universities, including the University of Rajasthan accorded the status of University with Potential for Excellence by UGC, India, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Pratap University and The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur. It also contains a large number of other colleges, institutes, and other facilities of tertiary education.

Media
The largest circulated daily newspapers in Jaipur are the Rajasthan Patrika and the Dainik Bhaskar, though the city has numerous other daily newspapers. The state-owned All India Radio Jaipur is broadcast both on the Medium Wave and FM bands in the city. It competes with six private local FM stationsRadio Mirchi (98.3MHz), Radio City (91.1MHz), My FM (94.3MHz), Radio Tadka 95 FM (95.0MHz), Red FM 93.5 (93.5MHz). Gyan Vani (105.6MHz) and South Asia FM The city also has a community FM channel in FM Radio 7 by India International School Institutional Network. The public broadcaster Doordarshan (Prasar Bharati) provides a regional channel in addition to the mainstay channels.

Transport

Jaipur

52

One of the many gated entries to Jaipur

Jaipur Kishangarh Express Way

Jaipur BRTS

Jaipur International Airport

Road
The city of Jaipur the capital of the state of Rajasthan and is centrally located. National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Mumbai, National Highway No.12 links to Kota, Baran District and National Highway No.11 links Bikaner to Agra, passing through Jaipur district with a total length of 366km. RSRTC operates bus service to all the parts of Rajasthan and New Delhi, Uttar pradesh, Haryana, Madhya pradesh, and Gujarat. City bus City buses are operated by Jaipur City Transport Services Limited (JCTSL).[14] of RSRTC under JNNURM. The service operates more than 300 regular and low-floor buses. The 3 major bus depots are Vaishali Nagar, Vidyadhar Nagar and Sanganer. Jaipur BRTS Jaipur Bus Rapid Transit Service was approved by government in August 2006 for implementation.[15] The responsibility for managing Jaipur BRTS has been given to JCSTL, a Special Purpose Vehicle formed by Jaipur Development Authority and Jaipur Nagar Nigam in a joint venture.[15] The BRTS is expected to cater to city's growing traffic for next 1520 years. In Phase I, two corridors have been proposed: "North-South Corridor" from Sikar Road to Tonk Road, and an "East-West Corridor" from Ajmer Road to Delhi Road.[15] A section of the North-South Corridor from C-Zone Bypass near Harmada to Pani Pech became operational in 2010.[15]

Jaipur

53

Rail
Jaipur is connected to Delhi and a number of towns within Rajasthan. One of the best known trains serving Jaipur is the Palace on Wheels.[16] Jaipur Metro A rapid transit rail project by the name Jaipur Metro is under progress. It will provide means of faster commutation for the city residents. It is expected to be operational by June 2013.

Air
Jaipur International Airport is situated in its satellite town of Sanganer, at a distance of 10km from city center and offers sporadic service to major domestic and international locations. The Terminal 1 is used for both international and domestic flights, while Terminal 2 is reserved for domestic carriers. The airport handled 255,704 international and 1,267,876 passengers in 20092010.[17] Jaipur Airport also provides air cargo services. The up-gradation of airport has offered improved connectivity and wider choice of services to air travellers, boosting both international tourism and economic development of the region. Frequently, during winter, many flights for Indira Gandhi International Airport are diverted to Jaipur airport due to heavy fog in Delhi.[18]

Sister cities
Jaipur has the following sister cities: Fremont, United States[19] since 1993 Calgary, Canada[20] since 1973

References
[1] "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ 2011-prov-results/ paper2/ data_files/ India2/ Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above. pdf) (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. . Retrieved 26 March 2012. [2] "The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur UNESCO World Heritage Centre" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 1338). Whc.unesco.org. 31 July 2010. . Retrieved 1 September 2010. [3] "History British History in depth: Edward VII: The First Constitutional Monarch" (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ history/ british/ britain_wwone/ edward_vii_02. shtml). BBC. 5 November 2009. . Retrieved 26 July 2010. [4] "World Weather Information Service" (http:/ / www. worldweather. org/ 066/ c00531. htm). . Retrieved 11 December 2009. [5] As seen on Monkey Thieves TV Show on National Geographic Channel [6] "TABLE 7.2.11" (http:/ / mospi. gov. in/ comenv2000tab7. 2. 11. htm). mospi.gov.in. . Retrieved 23 June 2008. [7] "Crime Report 2009" (http:/ / ncrb. nic. in/ CII-2009-NEW/ Compendium2009. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 28 March 2011. [8] Top 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing Cities, Global Services-Tholons Study, 2008 [9] "First World Trade Park unveiled in Jaipur" (http:/ / www. business-standard. com/ india/ news/ first-world-trade-park-unveiled-in-jaipur/ 213263/ ). Business Standard. . [10] "JDA unveils plan for mega film city" (http:/ / articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ 2010-04-19/ jaipur/ 28121288_1_jda-film-industry-developer). The Times of India. 19 April 2010. . [11] "Jaipur Seventh Best Tourist Destination in Asia Conde Nast Traveller Survey" (http:/ / www. bharatonline. com/ news/ details/ jaipur-seventh-best-tourist-destination-41. php). Bharatonline.com. . Retrieved 28 March 2011. [12] Arnold, Helen "World's 15 most expensive hotel suites" (http:/ / www. cnngo. com/ explorations/ escape/ worlds-15-most-expensive-hotel-suites-747256) CNN Go. 25 March 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-11 [13] "Cuisine of Jaipur" (http:/ / jaipur-pinkcity. webs. com/ foodbeverage. htm). Jaipur-pinkcity.webs.com. . Retrieved 28 March 2011. [14] "JCSTL Website" (http:/ / www. jaipurbus. com/ ). Jaipurbus.com. . Retrieved 28 March 2011. [15] "BRTS JDA Website" (http:/ / jaipurjda. org/ page. aspx?pid=69& mid=6). Jaipurjda.org. . Retrieved 28 March 2011. [16] "Jaipur - Transportation" (http:/ / jaipur. nic. in/ trans1. htm). District Administration, Jaipur. . Retrieved 12 June 2012. [17] "Jaipur International Airport" (http:/ / aai. aero/ allAirports/ jaipur_generalinfo. jsp). . Retrieved 19 February 2011. [18] "Flights diverted to Jaipur" (http:/ / www. thehindu. com/ todays-paper/ tp-national/ tp-newdelhi/ article1467200. ece). Chennai, India: The Hindu. 18 February 2011. . Retrieved 19 February 2011. [19] "City of Fremont's Sister Cities" (http:/ / www. fremont. gov/ index. aspx?NID=152). .

Jaipur
[20] "City of Calgary's Sister Cities" (http:/ / content. calgary. ca/ CCA/ City+ Common/ Municipal+ Handbook/ + Welcome+ to+ Calgary/ Welcome+ to+ Calgary. htm#sister). .

54

Further reading
This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopdia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Bhatt, Kavi Shiromani; Shastry, Mathuranath (1948). Jaipur Vaibhawam (History of Jaipur witten in Sanskrit). Re-published in 2002 by Kalanath Shastry, Manjunath Smriti Sansthan, Jaipur. Khangarot, R.S., Nathawat, P.S. (1990) Jaigarh- The Invincible Fort of Amber. RBSA Publishers, Jaipur. Sachdev, Vibhuti; Tillotson, Giles Henry Rupert (2002). Building Jaipur: The Making of an Indian City (http:// books.google.com/books?id=7F_MJcTjDOQC). Reaktion Books, London. ISBN 1-86189-137-7. Sarkar, Jadunath (1984). A History of Jaipur (http://books.google.com/books?id=O0oPIo9TXKcC). Orient Longman Limited, New Delhi. ISBN 81-250-0333-9. Volwahsen, Andreas (2001). Cosmic Architecture in India: The Astronomical Monuments of Maharaja Jai Singh II, Prestel Mapin, Munich. "Jaipur City (or Jainagar)" (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1. I34_V13_405.gif). The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. pp.399402.

External links
Jaipur District Administration site (http://jaipur.nic.in/) Jaipur travel guide from Wikitravel

Pushkar

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Pushkar
Pushkar
town

panoramic view of Pushkar lake

Pushkar
Location in Rajasthan, India Coordinates: 2630N 7433E Country State District Elevation Population (2001) Total Languages Official Time zone Hindi IST (UTC+5:30) 14,789 India Rajasthan Ajmer 510m (1,670ft)

Pushkar (Hindi: ) is a town in the Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated 14km (8.7mi) northwest of Ajmer at an average elevation of 510m (1,670ft) and is one of the five sacred dhams (pilgrimage site) for devout Hindus. According to Hindu theology , the pond at the Katas Raj temple Near choa saidan shah in Chakwal District of Pakistan has a theological association with Lord Shiva; it was formed by the tears of Lord Shiva which he is believed to have shed after the death of his wife, Sati. The story goes that when Sati died, Lord Shiva cried so much and for so long, that his tears created two holy ponds -- one at Pushkara in Ajmer in India and the other at Ketaksha, which literally means raining eyes, in Sanskrit. It is from this name that the word Katas is derived. It is often called "Tirth Raj" - the king of pilgrimage sites - and has in recent years become a popular destination for foreign tourists. Pushkar is one of the oldest existing cities of India. It lies on the shore of Pushkar Lake. The date of its actual origin is not known, but legend associates Lord Brahma with its creation.

Pushkar Pushkar has many temples. Most of the temples are not very old because many temples were destroyed during Muslim conquests in the area. Subsequently, the destroyed temples were rebuilt. The most famous among all is the Brahma Temple built during the 14th century CE. Very few temples to Lord Brahma exist anywhere in the world. Other temples of Brahma include Bithoor in Uttar Pradesh, India; village Asotra near Balotra city of Barmer district in Rajasthan; Uttamar Kovil (one of the Divya Desams) near Srirangam, Tamil Nadu; Mother Temple of Besakih in Bali, Indonesia; and Prambanan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Pushkar lake has 52 ghats where pilgrims descend to the lake to bathe in the sacred waters. Pushkar is also famous for its annual fair (Pushkar Camel Fair) held in November. The natural environment of Pushkar and the sacred lake has become increasingly degraded in the last few decades. The problems stem mainly from overdevelopment of tourist facilities and the deforestation of the surrounding area.[1]

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Etymology
Pushkar in Sanskrit means blue lotus flower.[2] Hindus believe that the gods released a swan with a lotus in its beak and let it fall on earth where Brahma would perform a grand yagna. The place where the lotus fell was called Pushkar. Pushkar word may be derived from word 'Pushkarni'means- lake.It may be derived from word Pushpa means flower and Kar means hand.

History
Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of India. The date of its actual founding is not known, but legend associates Lord Brahma with its creation. According to legend, Brahma was in search of a place for Mahayagna and he found this place suitable. After a long time, Brahma came to known that a demon, Vajranash, was killing people here so the Lord intoned a mantra on a lotus flower and killed the demon. During this process the parts of flower fell on three places which were later known as Jyaistha, Madhya and Kanistha Pushkar. After this Brahma performed a yagna to protect this place from demons. The consort of Brahma, Saraswati, were needed to offer Ahuti for the yagna but she was not there that time so Gayatri, a Gurjar girl, was married to brahma and performned yagna. This act made first wife of Brahma, Saraswati, angry and she cursed Brahma saying that he would be worshiped in Pushkar only.[3] From that day the priests in Brahma temple are from Gurjar community.[4]

Pushkar seen from Saraswati temple

The Mahabharata says that while laying down a programme for Rajasthan Maharaja Yudhishtharas travel, Maharaja after entering the Jungles of Sind and crossing the small rivers on the way should bathe in Pushkara". And, as per Vaman Purana, Prahlada on his pilgrimage to holy places visited Pushkarayana. A Gurjara Pratihara (Gurjar) ruler of Mandore, Nahadarava, restored this tirtha in the seventh century. He got the place cleared and the lake restored by making an embankment on the side of the river Luni. He rebuilt old palaces and built twelve dharmashalas (resting places) and ghats on three sides of the lake.

Deity inside the Brahma temple at Pushkar,

Pushkar According to Rajputana Gazetteer Pushkar was held by Chechi Gurjars (Gujjars) till about 700 years ago.Later Some shrines were occupied by Kanphati Jogis.[5] There are still priests from Gujar community in Pushkar temple, known as Bhopas.[6] The sage Parasara is said to have been born here. His descendants, called Parasara Brahamanas, are found in Pushkar and the surrounding area. The famous temple of Jeenmata has been cared for by Parasara Brahmans for the last 1,000 years. Pushkarana Brahamanas may also have originated here. It is also the venue of the annual Pushkar Camel Fair. In 1901, the town was part of the Rajputana Agency had a population of 3,831.[7]

57

The artificial lake (Sagar) of Pushkar, Rajasthan.

Places to see
The Sri Sawai Bhoj Temple[8] Jagat Pita Shri Brahma temple Varaha temple Apteshwar Mahadev temple Savitri temple Temple of Rangji (New and Old) or Shri Vaikunthnathji Man Mahal Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Patrons: Jaswinder Singh & Harmeet Bhatti) Varah Temple. This temple is to God Vishnu. It is one of the most visited temples in Pushkar city. It is said that Lord Vishnu gave a visit to this area to kill an atrocious demon Hirnayaksha. Fairs Nagaur Fair Pushkar Fair Tejaji fair

The Pushkar Lake

Pushkar Fair
Pushkar fair continues for five days and these five days are a period of relaxation and merry-making for the villagers. This fair time is the
The Brahma temple at Pushkar

Pushkar most busy time for them, as this is one of the largest cattle fairs in the country. Animals, including over 50,000 camels, are brought from miles around to be traded and sold. Trading is brisk as several thousand heads of cattle exchange hands. All the camels are cleaned, washed, adorned, some are interestingly shorn to form patterns, and special stalls are set up selling finery and jewellery for the camels. Camels at the Pushkar fair are decorated with great care. They wear jewellery of silver and beads. There are silver bells and bangles around their ankles that jangle when they walk. An interesting ritual is the piercing of a camel's nose. It has more than 400 temples including the only one temple in India dedicated to the Hindu God Lord Brahma, the Creator of the Universe. According to Indian mythology, after visiting all the Hindu pilgrim towns and temples (Four Dhams), if Pushkar is not visited for worship, then salvation is not achieved. According to the Hindu calendar Pushkar Fair commences in Nawami (ninth day of fortnightly phases of moon) and ends in Purnima (Full Moon) in the month of Kartika (October or November according to the lunar calendar). In Pushkar, one of the biggest Cattle Fair is also held for trading purposes and the best cattle in all categories are awarded. Countless people in their colourful attire gather to take a dip in the Holy Lake and pray to the deities. The whole town comes alive with vibrant folk music and dances, magic shows, horse and camel races and various other traditional entertainment competitions.Pushkar, with more than 12 local fairs and festivals of 10 15 days duration is a year round destination. It is a mellow town by the great lake of Pushkar amidst the perfume of jasmine and rose flowers. About 4,000 to 6,000 visitors from all over the world come to Pushkar everyday.

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Camel Safari in Pushkar

Tourists can explore the rugged terrain of the Great Indian Desert of Thar using camels. The Aravalli Range here is one of the world's oldest mountain ranges, and has sandy fields, small dunes, beautiful hills and mesmerizing sunrises and sunsets. The camel safaris in Pushkar will take Tourists to destinations where they will witnesses small villages along the way and during crop harvesting, the views are exceptionally enticing.

Other attractions
A visit to Bhandarej, Bhangarh and Fort Madhopur from Jaipur via Dausa Town by an Indica or Ambassador taxi would cost about Rs 2,000. Expect rates to go up considerably in the high season. Ajmer is the nearest tourist attraction that lies outside the city boundaries of Pushkar. Located 27 kilometres away from Ajmer, there is Kishangarh, famous for its miniature paintings, more popularly known as Bani Thani. Pushkar Lake The prime attraction of Pushkar is the Pushkar Lake which is considered sacred like the Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. Pushkar has become a place of Hindu pilgrimage because of this holy lake. Legend has it that this lake was consecrated to Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe when a lotus dropped from his hand into the vale and a lake emerged in that place. Brahma Temple The most important temple in Pushkar is the Temple of Lord Brahma, one of the holy trinity of Hinduism. In fact it is the only Hindu shrine in the world where Lord Brahma is worshipped. The temple enshrines a life-size idol of Lord Brahma.

Ghats at Pushkar lake, Rajasthan

Pushkar Savitri Temple- This temple that is located at the top of the Ratnagiri Hill is dedicated to Savitri, the wife of Lord Brahma. The temple houses a statue of Goddess Savitri. Old Pushkar- Old Pushkar lake is rebuilt and is located around 5km from Pushkar lake. According to the ancient texts, Old Pushkar has equal cultural and religious significance for the pilgrims.

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Demographics
As of 2001 India census,[9] Pushkar had a population of 14,789. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Pushkar has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 60%. In Pushkar, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transport
Air
The nearest airport from Pushkar is Sanganer Airport at Jaipur at distance of 146km (91mi). Jaipur is well connected with all the major cities in India.

Road
Pushkar is 11km (6.8mi) from main Ajmer bus stand. Rajasthan Roadways run very comfortable deluxe buses from Jaipur. There are buses from Jaipur to Ajmer, Indore, Nagda every 15 minutes. Pushkar is about 2:30 hour drive from Jaipur.

Rail
Pushkar has a railway station that started operations in January 2012 and connects to the nearest large railway station, Ajmer. Ajmer railway junction is connected to almost all cities of India such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Ahmedabad, Indore, Kanpur, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal, Trivandrum and Cochin.

Local dances
1.Bhavai 2.Chari 3.Ghoomar

References
[1] "Prof. Rasa Singh Rawat's questions in Parliament about what the Government is doing to reverse ecological damage" (http:/ / parliamentofindia. nic. in/ lsdeb/ ls10/ ses4/ 0230079204. htm). 30 July 1992. . Praveen Mathur and Nimit R. Chowdhary (1999). "Environmental Degradation at Pushkar Valley" (http:/ / publib. upol. cz/ ~obd/ fulltext/ biolog37/ biolog37-12. pdf). . "Central Pollution Control Board 2000 - 2001 Annual Report - pollution in Pushkar Lake" (http:/ / www. cpcb. nic. in/ annual_report2000-01-26. htm). . [2] A. Kalyanaraman. Aryatarangini, the saga of the Indo-Aryans, Volume 2. Asia Pub. House, 1970. p.551. [3] Pilgrim Places of India (http:/ / books. google. co. in/ books?id=tygzN5FvSKgC& pg=PA30& dq). Prabhat Prakashan. p.30. ISBN 8187100419, ISBN 978-81-87100-41-6. . [4] Social science probings,Volume 10. People's Pub. House. 1993. p.49. [5] Bombay (India : State) (1901). Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9,Part 1. Govt. Central Press. p.490. [6] Social science probings,Volume 10. People's Pub. House. 1993. p.49. [7] "Pushkar" (http:/ / dsal. uchicago. edu/ reference/ gazetteer/ pager. html?objectid=DS405. 1. I34_V21_007. gif). The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. p.v. 21, 1. . [8] "Ajmer-Merwar 1996-2009" (http:/ / www. marustali. net/ offind. htm). . [9] "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20040616075334/ http:/ / www. censusindia. net/ results/ town. php?stad=A& state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. censusindia. net/ results/ town. php?stad=A& state5=999) on 2004-06-16. . Retrieved 2008-11-01.

Pushkar Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pushkar". Encyclopdia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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External links
Pushkar travel guide from Wikitravel Pushkar map (http://www.shaktipeethas.org/travel-guide/topic523.html) Important places in Pushkar

Agra

61

Agra
Agra
city

Taj Mahal in Agra Nickname(s): Akbarabad

Agra
Coordinates: 2711N 7801E Country State District Area city Elevation Population (2010) city Rank Density Metro Languages Official Hindi 1,686,976 19 8,954/km2 (23,190/sqmi) 1,727,275 188.40km2 (72.7sqmi) 171m (561ft) India Uttar Pradesh Agra

Agra

62
Time zone PIN Telephone code Website IST (UTC+5:30) 282 X 91(562) [agra.nic.in agra.nic.in]

Agra ( i/r/; Hindi: , Urdu: ), the former capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India.[1] Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city. The city finds mention in the epic Mahbhrata where it was called Agrevaa, or 'the border of the forest'.[2] Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Raja Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'd Sa'd Salmn writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shh King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.[3] Sultan Sikandar Lod was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrhm Lod remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526.[4] Between 1540 to 1556, Afghans beginning with Sher Shah Suri to Hindu King Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called Hemu, ruled the area. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1556 to 1658. Later in 18th century it came under Jat rule. It is a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpr Sikr, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Climate
Agra features a semiarid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Agra featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a humid subtropical climate. Agra is mentioned in the ancient epic Mahabharata as Agraban, the sister city of the more prominent Mathura. Agra was established in 1475 by Badal Singh and came into its own when Sikander Lodhi of the Lodhi dynasty chose it for his capital because of its proximity to the Yamuna. Babur defeated the Lodhis to capture not only Agra but also to lay the foundation of the Mughal empire. In the mid-16th and earlier 17th centuries, Agra witnessed afrenzied building activity and it was during this time that the symbol of love, the Taj Mahal, was built. The buildings made during this era were purely in the contemporary Mughal style and of very high quality.
Climate data for Agra, India Month Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Jan
22.3 (72.1) 7.7 (45.9)

Feb
25.5 (77.9) 10.3 (50.5)

Mar
31.9 (89.4) 15.4 (59.7)

Apr

May

Jun

Jul
35.3 (95.5) 26.8 (80.2)

Aug
33.2 (91.8) 25.7 (78.3)

Sep
34.0 (93.2) 24.3 (75.7)

Oct
34.0 (93.2) 19.1 (66.4)

Nov
29.2 (84.6) 12.5 (54.5)

Dec
23.9 (75) 8.2 (46.8)

Year
32.47 (90.44) 18.91 (66.03)

37.9 41.7 40.7 (100.2) (107.1) (105.3) 21.5 (70.7) 26.5 (79.7) 28.9 (84)

13.3 17.7 9.1 6.7 11.9 55.7 203.3 241.1 128.5 25.2 4.3 6.0 722.8 Rainfall mm (0.524) (0.697) (0.358) (0.264) (0.469) (2.193) (8.004) (9.492) (5.059) (0.992) (0.169) (0.236) (28.457) (inches)

Avg. rainy days

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.3

2.3

4.7

13.8

14.9
[5]

7.7

1.5

0.8

1.0

53.3

Source: World Meteorological Organization.

Agra

63

Demographics
According to the 2011 India census,[6] Agra has a population of 3,575,134, while the population of Agra cantonment is 50,968 and that of Agra district is 3,620,436. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Agra district population grew by 31% in the decade 19912001. Roughly 57% of the population of Agra district lives in urban areas. Agra has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 86% males literate. Literacy rate of males is considerably higher than that of women. Agra district literacy rate is 62.56%. Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism are three major religions in Agra district with 89.6%, 8.93%, and 0.51% of the population following them. Jatavs, Baniyas and Jats, along with dominance of Rajputs in the rural areas mainly Sikarwar, Sisodia, Chauhan, Bargujar, Tomar and Raghavs are most numerous castes in Agra. Agra is also considered as dalit capital because Jatavs form a large section of the population and maintains a substantial middle class in society. Some Scheduled Tribes like the Bhotia and Jaunsari have marginal presence (about 0.02% of the population). 52.5% of Agra's population is in the 1559 years age category. Around 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in Agra. Urdu and Punjabi are also spoken.

History
Though Agra's history is largely recognised with Mughal Empire, the place was established much before it and has linkages since Mahabharat period and Mahirshi Angira in 1000 BC. It is generally accepted that Sultan Sikandar Lod, the Ruler of the Delhi Sultanate founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan's death the city passed on to his son Sultan Ibrhm Lod. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Bbar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526. In the year 1556, the great Hindu warrior Hemu Vikramaditya, also known as Samrat Hem Chander Vikramaditya, won the state of Agra as the Prime Minister cum Chief of Army of Adil Shah of the Afghan Sr Dynasty. The commander of Humyn / Akbar's forces in Agra, Tardi Beg Khan, was so scared of Hemu that he retreated from the city without a fight. This was Hemu's 21st continuous win since 1554, and he later went on to conquer Delhi, having his coronation at Purn Qil'a in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and re-established the Hindu Kingdom and the Vikramaditya Dynasty in North India. The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabd and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Emperors Akbar, Jahngr and Shh Jahn. Shh Jahn later shifted his capital to Shhjahnabd in the year 1649. Since Akbarabd was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arm Bgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a center for learning, arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabd called Fatehpr Sikr. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone. His son Jahngr had a love of gardens and flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Ll Qil'a. Shh Jahn, known for his keen interest in architecture, gave Akbarabd its most prized monument, the Tj Mahal. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653. Shh Jahn later shifted the capital to Delhi during his reign, but his son Aurangzeb moved the capital back to Akbarabd, usurping his father and imprisoning him in the Fort there. Akbarabd remained the capital of India during the rule of Aurangzeb until he shifted it to Aurangabad in the Deccan in 1653. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the city came under the influence of Marathas and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the British Raj in 1803.

Agra

64 In 1835 when the Presidency of Agra was established by the British, the city became the seat of government, and just two years later it was witness to the Agra famine of 183738. During the Indian rebellion of 1857 British rule across India was threatened, news of the rebellion had reached Agra on 11 May and on 30 May two companies of native infantry, the 44th and 67th regiments, rebelled and marched to Delhi. The next morning native Indian troops in Agra were forced to disarm, on 15 June Gwalior (which lies south of Agra) rebelled. By 3 July the British were forced to withdraw into the fort. Two days later a small Agra, Main Street, c.1858 British force at Sucheta were defeated and forced to withdraw, this led to a mob sacking the city. However, the rebels moved onto Delhi which allowed the British to restore order by 8 July. Delhi fell to the British in September, the following month rebels who had fled Delhi along with rebels from Central India marched on Agra but were defeated. After this British rule was again secured over the city until the independence of India in 1947.[7] Agra is the birthplace of the religion known as Dn-i Ilh, which flourished during the reign of Akbar and also of the Radhaswami Faith, which has around two million followers worldwide. Agra has historic linkages with Shauripur of Jainism and Runukta of Hinduism, of 1000 BC. Tj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Transport
Air
Agra Airport is about 12.5km (8mi) from the city center (Indian Air Force Airport - no scheduled commercial flights).

Rail
Agra is on the central train line between Delhi (Station Code: NDLS) and Mumbai (Bombay) (Station Code: CSTM) and between Delhi and Chennai (Station Code: MAS) and many trains like Bhopal Shatabdi, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express, Gondwana Express, Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express, Shreedham Express, Garib Rath, Tamil Nadu Express, Chennai Rajdhni etc. connect Agra with all major Indian cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Bhopal, Indore, Kochi, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Jaipur, Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram etc. every day. Some east-bound trains from Delhi also travel via Agra, so direct connections to points in Eastern India (including Kolkata) (Calcutta) are also available. There are close to 20 trains to New Delhi and Gwalior Junction every day, and at least three or four to Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Mumbai and Chennai. There are three main railway stations in Agra:

Agra

65 Agra Cantt (Station Code: AGC) is the main railway station and lies southwest of the Taj and Agra Fort, both of which are a short ride from the station by car, auto-rickshaw, or cycle rickshaw. Agra Fort Railway Station (Station Code: AF) near Agra Fort, is infrequently serviced by the interstate express trains, it is one of the oldest railway stations in the country. The station serves trains to east (Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Kolkata, Guwahati) and central India Ratlam, Nagda, Kota (Haldighati Express). Some of these trains also stop at Agra Cantt. Raja Ki Mandi (Station Code: RKM) is a small station. Some of the trains which stop at Agra Cantt also stop here. Other stations are Idgah, Billochpura, Agra City, Yamuna Bridge.
Agra Cantt. Railway Station

The luxury trains the Palace on Wheels, and the Royal Rajasthan On Wheels also stop at Agra on their eight day round trip of tourist destinations in Rajasthan and Agra. The Buddhist Special Train also visits Agra.

Road
Idgah Bus Stand, Taj Depot, Ford depot and Inter State Bus Terminal (ISBT) are the major Bus Stands in Agra, connecting it to most of the bigger cities in North India. It is major junction of highways with 3 National Highways and 1 Expressway originating from Agra. Another national highway passes through city making total highway outlet to 6. From Delhi: NH2, a modern divided highway, connects the 200km (124mi) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 4 hours. The primary access to the highway is along Mathura Road in Delhi but, if coming from South Delhi or Delhi Airport, it is easier to take Aurobindo Marg (Mehrauli Road) and then work up to NH2 via Tughlakabad. From Delhi / Noida: Yamuna Expressway, a modern access controlled highway connects the 200km (124mi) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 2 hours. This highway has junction to Aligarh and Mathura via State Highways. From Aligarh: National Highway 91, a highway connects the 100km (62mi) distance from Aligarh to Agra. The drive is about 3 hours. From Jaipur: National Highway 11, a four lane divided highway, connects Agra with Jaipur via the bird sanctuary town of Bharatpur. The distance of around 255km (158mi) can be covered in around 34 hours. From Gwalior a distance of around 120km (75mi), takes around 1.5 hours on National highway 3, also known as the Agra Mumbai Highway. From Lucknow / Kanpur NH2, the divided modern highway, continues on to Kanpur (285km, 5 hours) and from there to points East ending in Kolkata. From Kanpur, NH25 heads for the city of Lucknow (90km, 2 hours). The Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road which runs through the city connects it from one end to the other. In March 2010, the Uttar Pradesh government, through an open bidding process, chose Jaypee Associates to develop an Inner Ring Road to connect NH2/Yamuna Expressway in the north to NH3 in the south in a 30 month timeframe.[8][9] In September 2010, Gifford was chosen to design the road.

Agra

66

Taxi
Tourists can hire a taxi for local sight seeing from a local taxi stand. A prepaid taxi counter is available at Agra Cantt railway station.

Local transport
Bus services are run by Agra Municipal Corporation. Other para-transit modes include rickshaws and autorickshaws. While passengers need to negotiate rates for the rickshaws and they are usually expensive, there is a system of (what is called) 'Tempo' which are autorickshaws that run on specific routes called out by the drivers. Tempos take around 6 people simultaneously and work out to be the most economical and practical. Polluting vehicles are not allowed near the Tj Mahal, so one needs to take electric autos or Tanga (Tonga) from a few kilometres outside the Tj Mahal. Now, Tempos have been largely replaced by three wheeled autorikshaws which run on compressed natural gas. Bus service in Agra is very poor; however, UP State Road Transport Corporation does run some air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned low-floor buses within Agra which run on specific routes, but they are virtually non existent. A lot is being done to improve the traffic system of Agra but the efforts seem in vain due to poor civic sense of the residents here. Blaring Horns and show of one up manship is the order of the day

Places of interest
Tj Mahal
is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah Jahan's favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world, and one of three World Heritage Sites in Agra.

Taj Mahal from Agra fort.

Completed in 1653, the Tj Mahal was built by the Mughal king Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtz Mahal. Finished in marble, it is perhaps India's most fascinating and beautiful monument. This perfectly symmetrical monument took 22 years (16301652) of labour and 20,000 workers, masons and jewellers to build and is set amidst landscaped gardens. Built by the Persian architect, Ustd 's, the Tj Mahal is on the bank of the Yamuna River. It can be observed from Agra Fort from where Emperor Shh Jahn gazed at it, for the last eight years of his life, a prisoner of his Tombs of Shah Jahan and his beloved wife, son Aurangzeb. It is an acknowledged masterpiece of symmetry. Mumtaz Mahal. Verses of the Koran are inscribed on it and at the top of the gate are twenty-two small domes, signifying the number of years the monument took to build. The Tj Mahal was built on a marble platform that stands above a sandstone one. The most elegant

Agra dome of the Tj Mahal has a diameter of 60 feet (18m), and rises to a height of 80 feet (24m); directly under this dome is the tomb of Mumtz Mahal. Shah Jahn's tomb was erected next to hers by his son Aurangzeb. The interiors are decorated with fine inlay work, incorporating semi-precious stones. [[File:Panoramon =A panoramic view of Taj Mahal, Agraalt=

67

Agra Fort
Agra Fort (sometimes called the Red Fort), was commissioned by the great Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1565, and is another of Agra's World Heritage Sites. A stone tablet at the gate of the Fort states that it had been built before 1000 but was later renovated by Akbar. The red sandstone fort was converted into a palace during Shh Jahn's time, and reworked extensively with marble and pietra dura inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the Pearl Mosque or Mot Masjid, the Dwn-e-'m and Dwn-e-Khs (halls of public and private audience), Jahngr's Palace, Khs Mahal, Shsh Mahal (mirrored palace), and the Musamman Burj. The forbidding exteriors of this fort conceal an inner paradise. The fort is crescent shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 kilometres (1.5mi), and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A moat 9 metres (30ft) wide and 10 metres (33ft) deep surrounds the outer wall.

Chhatrapati Shvaj visited the Agra Fort, as a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Purandar entered into with Mirz Rj Jaisingh to meet Aurangzeb in the Dwn-i-Khs (Special Audience Chamber). In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank. An insulted Shvaj stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing's quarters on 12 May 1666. Fearing the dungeons and execution he escaped on 17 August 1666. A heroic equestrian statue of Shvaj has been erected outside the fort. The fort is a typical example of Mughal architecture, effectively showing how the North Indian style of fort construction differed from that of the South. In the South, the majority of forts were built on the seabed like the one at Bekal in Kerala.[10]

Amar Singh Gate, one of two entrances into Agra's Red Fort

Fatehpr Sikr
The Mughal Emperor Akbar built Fatehpr Sikr about 35km (22mi) from Agra, and moved his capital there. Later abandoned, the site displays a number of buildings of significant historical importance. A World Heritage Site, it is often visited by tourists. The name of the place came about after the Mughal Emperor Bbar defeated R Sng in a battle at a place called Sikr (about 40km (25mi) from Agra). Then the Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to make Fatehpr Sikr his head quarters, so he built a majestic fort; due to shortage of water, however, he had to ultimately move his headquarters to Agra Fort.

Dwn-i-Khs Hall of Private Audience

Agra Buland Darwza or 'the lofty gateway' was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 CE. at Fatehpr Sikr. Akbar built the Buland Darwza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. The Buland Darwza is approached by 52 steps. The Buland Darwza is 53.63 m high and 35 meters wide. it is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and black and white marble inlays. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwza demonstrates Akbar's religious broadmindedness, it is a message from Jesus advising his followers not to consider this world as their permanent home.

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I'timd-Ud-Daulah
The Empress Nr Jahn built I'timd-Ud-Daulah's Tomb, sometimes called the 'Baby Tj', for her father, Mirz Ghiys Beg, the Chief Minister of the Emperor Jahngr. Located on the left bank of the Yamuna river, the mausoleum is set in a large cruciform garden criss-crossed by water courses and walkways. The mausoleum itself covers about 23 square metres (250sqft), and is built on a base about fifty meters square and about one meter high. On each corner are hexagonal towers, about thirteen meters tall. Small in comparison to many other Mughal-era tombs, it is sometimes described as a jewel box. Its garden layout and use of white marble, pietra dura, inlay designs and latticework presage many elements of the Tj Mahal.

The 'Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb at Agra'

The walls are white marble from Rajasthan encrusted with semi-precious stone decorations cornelian, jasper, lapis lazuli, onyx, and topaz in images of cypress trees and wine bottles, or more elaborate decorations like cut fruit or vases containing bouquets. Light penetrates to the interior through delicate jl screens of intricately carved white marble. Many of Nr Jahn's relatives are interred in the mausoleum. The only asymmetrical element of the entire complex is that the tombs of her father and mother have been set side-by-side, a formation replicated in the Taj Mahal is very famous.

Akbar's Tomb, Sikandra

Sikandra, the last resting place of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great, is on the Delhi-Agra Highway, only 13 kilometres from the Agra Fort. Akbar's tomb reflects the completeness of his personality. The vast, beautifully carved, red-ochre sandstone tomb with deers, rabbits and langurs is set amidst a lush garden. Akbar himself planned his own tomb and selected a suitable site for it. To construct a tomb in one's lifetime was a Turkic custom which the Mughals followed religiously. Akbar's son Jahngr completed construction of this pyramidal tomb in 1613. The 99 names of Allah have been inscribed on the tomb.

Tomb of Akbar the Great

Agra

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Swm Bgh Samdhi

The Swm Bgh Samdhi is a monument to hold the ashes of Huzr Swmij Mahrj (Shr Shiv Dayl Singh Seth) in the Swmbgh section, on the high road that goes from Bhagwan Talkies to Dayl Bgh, in the outskirts of the city. He was the founder of the Radhswm Faith and the Samdhi is sacred to its followers. Construction began in February 1904 and still continues. Many believe that construction will never end at Swm Bgh it is often seen as the next Tj Mahal. The carvings in stone, using a combination or coloured marble, are lifelike and not seen anywhere else in India. The picture shown is taken from the rear of the building and shows only two floors. When completed, the Samdhi will have a carved dome and a gateway.

Mankameshwar Temple
The Mankameshwar Temple is one of four ancient temples dedicated to Lord Shiva located on the four corners of Agra City. It is located near the Jma Masjid and is about 2.5 kilometers from the Tj Mahal and less than 1km (1mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the temple is surrounded by markets, many of which date back to the Mughal Era.

Indrabhan Girls' Inter College

It is widespreadly considered to be the birthplace of great poet Mirza Ghalib. It is located near the Mankameshwar Temple and is about 3 kilometers from the Tj Mahal and less than 1km (1mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the College is surrounded by markets. Approximately four or five years back, the birth room of Mirza Ghalib was hidden behind the wall by the Management of the college to keep the identity of the place secret.

Guru ka Tal
Guru ka Tal was originally a reservoir meant to collect and conserve rainwater built in Agra, near Sikandra, during Jahangir's reign next to the Tomb of I'tibr Khn Khwjasara in 1610. In 1970s a gurudwara was erected here. Guru ka Tal is a holy place of worship for the Sikhs. Four of the ten Sikh Gurus are said to have paid it a visit. Enjoying both historical and religious importance, this shrine attracts a large number of devotees and tourists. Boasting elaborate stone carvings and eight of the twelve original towers. It is located by national (Delhi-Agra) highway-2.

Jam Masjid
The Jma Masjid is a large mosque attributed to Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum, built in 1648, notable for its unusual dome and absence of minarets. The inscription at its entrance shows that it cost Rs 5 Lakhs at that time for its completion.

Chn k Rauza
Notable for its Persian influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, the Chn k Rauza is dedicated to the Prime Minister of Shh Jahn, 'Allma Afzal Khl Mull Shukrullh of Shirz.

Rm Bgh
The oldest Mughal garden in India, the Rm Bgh was built by the Emperor Chn k Rauza Bbar in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. It lies about 2.34km (1mi) north of the Tj Mahal. The pavilions in this garden are designed so that the wind from the Yamuna, combined with the greenery, keeps them cool even during the peak of summer. The original name of the gardens was rm Bgh, or 'Garden of Relaxation', and this was where the Mughal emperor Bbar used to spend his leisure time and where he eventually died. His body was kept here for some time before sending it to

Agra Kabul.

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Mariam's Tomb
Mariams Tomb, is the tomb of Mariam, the wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar. The tomb is within the compound of the Christian Missionary Society.

Mehtb Bgh
The Mehtb Bgh, or 'Moonlight Garden', is on the opposite bank of the River Yamuna from the Tj Mahal.

Keetham Lake
Also known as Sur Sarovar, Keetham Lake is situated about 7 kilometres from akbar tomb Agra, within the Surdas Reserved Forest. The lake has an impressive variety of aquatic life and water birds.
Plan of the Taj complex with the Mehtab Bagh gardens to the left

Mughal Heritage Walk

The Mughal Heritage Walk is a part of community development programme being implemented with support of Agra Municipal corporation, USAID and an NGO; Center for Urban and Regional Excellence. It seeks to build sustainable livelihoods for youth and women from low resource communities and improve their living environments through infrastructure services and integration within the city. The Mughal Heritage Walk is a one kilometer loop which connects the agricultural fields with the Rajasthani culture, river bank connected with the ancient village of Kuchhpura, the Heritage Structure of Mehtab Bagh, the Mughal aqueduct system, the Humanyun Mosque and the Gyarah Sidi.

The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra.

Economy
Nearly five centuries ago, Agra was the commercial nerve centre of Mughal empire. Due to the presence of the Taj Mahal and other historic monuments, it has a tourism industry as well royal crafts like Pietra Dura, marble inlay and carpets Today 40% of the population depends largely on agriculture, and others on the leather and footwear business and iron foundries. Agra is the second most self-employed in India in 2007, behind Varanasi, followed by Bhopal, Indore and Patna. According to the National Sample Survey Organization, in 1999-2000, 431 of every 1,000 A shopping mall situated on the Fatehabad Road employed males were self-employed in the city, which grew to 603 per 1,000 in 2004-05.[11] Tourism contributes to the economy of Agra. Agra is home to Asias largest spa called Kaya Kalp The Royal Spa, at the Hotel Mughal in Agra.[12]

Agra

71 Agra has many industries. Uttar Pradesh's first plant biotech company Harihar Biotech is located near the Taj. It is one of the largest plant tissue culture laboratories in North India with an annual production capacity of 2 million plants. There are about 7,000 small scale industrial units. Agra city is known for leather goods, carpets, handicrafts, Zari Zardozi, Marvel and stone carving and inlay work. Agra is known for its sweets (Petha and Gajak) and snacks (Dalmoth), garment manufacturers and exporters and an automobile industry. Carpet making was introduced to the city by Moghul Emperor Babur and since then this art has flourished. Some leading exporters of carpets in Agra are Karan Exports, The Rug Factory, Agarwal Brothers, Rugs International, Floor Artists Inc,. Some of the leading manufacturers, exporters and sellers of leather in Agra are Hindustan Rubber and Plastic Industries, Polyplast Industries, Royal International, Eskay Sales Corporation, Best Buy, Bandejjia Traders and Expomore. The city center place at Agra (Kinari Bazar) has jewellery and garments shops. The silver and gold jewellery hub is at Choube Ji Ka Fatak. The Shah Market area is an electronics market while Sanjay Place is the trade center of Agra.

A marble table top in Pietra Dura, a craft practiced since the Mughal era in Agra

Education
The Sadar Bazar market

It was during the advent of the Mughal era that Agra grew as a centre of Islamic education. British people introduced the western concept of education in Agra. In the year 1823, Agra College, one of the oldest colleges in India was formed out of a Sanskrit school established by the Scindia rulers. In the British era, Agra became a great center of Hindi literature with people like Babu Gulab Rai at the helm.

Schools
Shemford Futuristic School - Agra

Agra University was established on 1 July 1927 and catered to colleges spread across the United Provinces, the Rajputana, the Central Provinces and almost to entire North India, at present around 142 Colleges are affiliated to this university. The historic Agra University was later rechristened as Dr. BhimRao Ambedkar University by the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Ms. Mayawati. Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, started the Radhasoami Educational Institute, as a co-educational Middle School, open to all, on January 1, 1917. It became a Degree College in 1947, affiliated to Agra University. In 1975, it formulated a programme of undergraduate studies which received approbation from the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the University Grants Commission, as a result of which in 1981 the Ministry of Education, Government of India, conferred the status of an institution deemed to be a University on the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, to implement the new scheme.

An Agra craftsman working with marble stone inlays. The marble is colored red to give contrast while working.

Universities in Agra

Agra Central Institute of Hindi, Central Institute of Hindi (also known as Kendriya Hindi Sansthan) is an autonomous institute under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India engaged in teaching Hindi as a foreign and second language. Apart from running residential Hindi language courses for foreign students, the institute also conducts regular training programmes for teachers of Hindi belonging to non-Hindi states of India. The institute is situated at a 11 acres (4.5ha) campus on the outskirts of Agra city. Headquartered in Agra the institute has eight regional centers in Delhi, Hyderabad, Mysore, Shillong, Dimapur, Guwahati, Ahmedabad and Bhubneshwar. The institute is the only government run institution in India established solely for research and teaching of Hindi as a foreign and second language.

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References
[1] World Gazetteer online India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population (http:/ / www. world-gazetteer. com/ wg. php?x=& men=gcis& lng=en& dat=32& geo=-104& srt=npan& col=aohdq& pt=c& va=& srt=pnan)". Accessed 25 Mar 2010. [2] Williams, Monier. "Sanskrit-English Dictionary" (http:/ / www. sanskrit-lexicon. uni-koeln. de). Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries. Cologne University. . Retrieved 2009-11-08. [3] "Agra District profile" (http:/ / agra. nic. in/ hist. htm). Official Website of Agra maintained by National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Government of India. . Retrieved 2009-11-08. [4] "Agra Fort" (http:/ / asi. nic. in/ asi_monu_whs_agrafort. asp). Archaeological Survey of India. Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20091203060952/ http:/ / www. asi. nic. in/ asi_monu_whs_agrafort. asp) from the original on 3 December 2009. . Retrieved 2009-11-08. [5] World Weather Information Service-Agra (http:/ / worldweather. wmo. int/ 066/ c01561. htm), World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 30 September 2012. [6] "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20040616075334/ http:/ / www. censusindia. net/ results/ town. php?stad=A& state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. censusindia. net/ results/ town. php?stad=A& state5=999) on 2004-06-16. . Retrieved 2008-11-01. [7] "Agra City" (http:/ / dsal. uchicago. edu/ reference/ gazetteer/ pager. html?objectid=DS405. 1. I34_V05_091. gif) (GIF). Imperial Gazetteer of India (Digital South Asia Library of University of Chicago) 5: 8384. . Retrieved 2009-11-08. [8] "Sole bidder bags Agra Inner Ring Road project" (http:/ / www. indianexpress. com/ news/ sole-bidder-bags-agra-inner-ring-road-project/ 585674/ 0). . Retrieved 25 April 2011. [9] "Inner Ring Road Agra" (http:/ / awas. up. nic. in/ IURP-June 09/ Inner Ring Road , Agra. pdf). . [10] Koroth, Nandakumar. History of Bekal Fort. [11] "Indias new Entrepreneurs" (http:/ / www. livemint. com/ 2007/ 05/ 16001310/ Indias-new-Entrepreneurs. html). Mint. May 16, 2007. . [12] "ITC unveils Asia's largest spa in Agra" (http:/ / economictimes. indiatimes. com/ Features/ The_Sunday_ET/ Economy/ ITC_unveils_Asias_largest_spa_in_Agra/ rssarticleshow/ 2848717. cms). Economic Times (India). 2008-03-09. . Retrieved 2009-11-08.

Further reading
Cole, Henry Hardy (1873). Illustrations of buildings near Muttra and Agra (http://www.archive.org/stream/ illustrationsbu00colegoog#page/n7/mode/1up). India Office. Agra, Archaeological Society of (1874). Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Agra, JanJune 1874 (http://www.archive.org/stream/transactionsarc00agragoog#page/n4/mode/1up). Delhi Gazette Press. Mukerji, Satya Chandra (1892). The Traveller's Guide to Agra (http://www.archive.org/stream/ travellersguidet00mukerich#page/n7/mode/2up). Sen & Co., Delhi. Fanthome, Frederic (1895). Reminiscences of Agra (http://www.archive.org/stream/ reminiscencesag00fantgoog#page/n3/mode/1up). Thacker, Spink & Co.. Latif, Muammad (1896). Agra, Historical & Descriptive (http://www.archive.org/stream/ agrahistoricald00latgoog#page/n9/mode/1up). Calcutta Central Press. Keene, Henry George (1899, Sixth ed.). A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood (http://www. archive.org/stream/ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/n8/mode/1up). Thacker, Spink & Co.. Smith, Edmund W. (1901). Moghul Colour Decoration of Agra, Part I (http://www.archive.org/stream/ moghulcolourdec00smitgoog#page/n7/mode/1up). Govt. Press, Allahabad. Havell, Ernest Binfield (1904). A Handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri, and the Neighbourhood (http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00artlinks/agra_havell/index.html). Longmans, Green & Co., London.

Agra Agranama: The authentic book about the history of Agra by Mr. Satish Chandra Chaturvedi

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External links
Agra Education (http://www.agraedu.com/) Agra City portal (http://www.myagracity.com/) Official website of Agra (http://agra.nic.in/) Agra travel guide from Wikitravel Agra (http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/India/Uttar_Pradesh/Districts/Agra/) at the Open Directory Project Agra News (http://www.agranews.com/) Taj Mahal Agra (http://www.laalliancetravel.fr/)

Taj Mahal

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Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal

Southern view of the Taj Mahal. Location Coordinates Elevation Built Architect Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India 271029N 780232E 171 m (561 ft) 16321653 Ustad Ahmad Lahauri

Architectural style(s) Mughal Visitation More than 3 million (in 2003) UNESCO World Heritage Site Type Criteria Designated Reference# State Party Region Cultural i 1983 (7th session) 252 [1] India Asia-Pacific

Location in western Uttar Pradesh, India

The Taj Mahal ( /td/ or /tmhl/;[2] Hindi: , from Persian/Urdu: " crown of palaces", [3] pronounced[tad ml]; also "the Taj" ) is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's

Taj Mahal heritage".[4] Taj Mahal is regarded by many as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Ottoman Turkish and Indian architectural styles.[5][6] In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen.[7] The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.[8][9] Lahauri[10] is generally considered to be the principal designer.[11]

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Origin and inspiration

In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, died during the birth of their 14th child, Gauhara Begum.[12] Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632.[13] The court chronicles of Shah Jahan's grief illustrate the love story traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal.[14][15] The principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later. Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the Taj in these words:[16]

Shah Jahan, who commissioned the Taj Mahal -"Shah jahan on a globe" from the Smithsonian Institution Artistic depiction of Mumtaz Mahal

Taj Mahal

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Taj Mahal site plan.

Taj Mahal 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Moonlight Garden to the north of the Yamuna. Terrace area: Tomb, Mosque and Jawab. Charbagh (gardens). Gateway, attendant accommodations, and other tombs. Taj Ganji (bazaar) Should guilty seek asylum here, Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin. Should a sinner make his way to this mansion, All his past sins are to be washed away. The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs; And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes. In this world this edifice has been made; To display thereby the creator's glory. The Taj Mahal incorporates and expands on design traditions of Persian architecture and earlier Mughal architecture. Specific inspiration came from successful Timurid and Mughal buildings including; the Gur-e Amir (the tomb of Timur, progenitor of the Mughal dynasty, in Samarkand),[17] Humayun's Tomb, Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb (sometimes called the Baby Taj), and Shah Jahan's own Jama Masjid in Delhi. While earlier Mughal buildings were primarily constructed of red sandstone, Shah Jahan promoted the use of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones, and buildings under his patronage reached new levels of refinement.[18]

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Architecture
Tomb
The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal. This large, white marble structure stands on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by a large dome and finial. Like most Mughal tombs, the basic elements are Persian in origin. The base structure is essentially a large, multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners, forming an unequal octagon that is approximately 55 metres (180ft) on each of the four long sides. On each of these sides, a huge pishtaq, or vaulted archway, frames the iwan with two similarly shaped, arched balconies stacked on either side. This motif of stacked pishtaqs is replicated on the chamfered corner areas, making the design completely symmetrical on all sides of the building. Four minarets frame the tomb, one at each corner of the plinth facing the chamfered corners. The main chamber houses the false sarcophagi of Mumtaz Mahal and Shah Jahan; the actual graves are at a lower level. The marble dome that surmounts the tomb is the most spectacular feature. Its height of around 35 metres (115ft) is about the same as the length of the base, and is accentuated as it sits on a cylindrical "drum" which is roughly 7 metres (23ft) high. Because of its shape, the dome is often called an onion dome or amrud (guava dome). The top is decorated with a lotus design, which also serves to accentuate its height. The shape of the dome is emphasised by four smaller domed chattris (kiosks) placed at its corners, which replicate the onion shape

The Taj Mahal seen from the banks of river Yamuna

Viewed from the West at Sunset

Taj Mahal of the main dome. Their columned bases open through the roof of the tomb and provide light to the interior. Tall decorative spires (guldastas) extend from edges of base walls, and provide visual emphasis to the height of the dome. The lotus motif is repeated on both the chattris and guldastas. The dome and chattris are topped by a gilded finial, which mixes traditional Persian and Hindustani decorative elements. The main finial was originally made of gold but was replaced by a copy made of gilded bronze in the early 19th century. This feature provides a clear example of integration of traditional Persian and Hindu decorative elements. The finial is topped by a moon, a typical Islamic motif whose horns point heavenward. Because of its placement on the main spire, the horns of the moon and the finial point combine to create a trident shape, reminiscent of traditional Hindu symbols of Shiva.[7] The minarets, which are each more than 40 metres (130ft) tall, display the designer's penchant for symmetry. They were designed as working minarets a traditional element of mosques, used by the muezzin to call the Islamic faithful to prayer. Each minaret is effectively divided into three equal parts by two working balconies that ring the tower. At the top of the tower is a final balcony surmounted by a chattri that mirrors the design of those on the tomb. The chattris all share the same decorative elements of a lotus design topped by a gilded finial. The minarets were constructed slightly outside of the plinth so that, in the event of collapse, (a typical occurrence with many tall constructions of the period) the material from the towers would tend to fall away from the tomb.

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Viewed from Masjid

Reflection of Taj

Base, dome, and minaret

Finial

Main iwan and side pishtaqs

Simplified diagram of the Taj Mahal floor plan

Minaret

Minaret

Taj Mahal Exterior decoration The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture. As the surface area changes the decorations are refined proportionally. The decorative elements were created by applying paint, stucco, stone inlays, or carvings. In line with the Islamic prohibition against the use of anthropomorphic forms, the decorative elements can be grouped into either calligraphy, abstract forms or vegetative motifs. Throughout the complex, passages from the Qur'an are used as decorative elements. Recent scholarship suggests that the passages were chosen by Amanat Khan.[19][20] The texts refer to themes of judgment and include: Surah 36 Ya Sin Surah 39 The Crowds Surah 48 Victory Surah 67 Dominion Surah 77 Those Sent Forth Surah 81 The Folding Up Surah 82 The Cleaving Asunder Surah 84 The Rending Asunder Surah 89 Daybreak Surah 91 The Sun Surah 93 Morning Light Surah 94 The Solace Surah 95 The Fig Surah 98 The Evidence Surah 112 The Purity of Faith The calligraphy on the Great Gate reads "O Soul, thou art at rest. Return to the Lord at peace with Him, and He at peace with you."[20] The calligraphy was created by a calligrapher named Abd ul-Haq, in 1609. Shah Jahan conferred the title of "Amanat Khan" upon him as a reward for his "dazzling virtuosity".[9] Near the lines from the Qur'an at the base of the interior dome is the inscription, "Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi."[21] Much of the calligraphy is composed of florid thuluth script, made of jasper or black marble,[9] inlaid in white marble panels. Higher panels are written in slightly larger script to reduce the skewing effect when viewed from below. The calligraphy found on the marble cenotaphs in the tomb is particularly detailed and delicate. Abstract forms are used throughout, especially in the plinth, minarets, gateway, mosque, jawab and, to a lesser extent, on the surfaces of the tomb. The domes and vaults of the sandstone buildings are worked with tracery of incised painting to create elaborate geometric forms. Herringbone inlays define the space between many of the adjoining elements. White inlays are used in sandstone buildings, and dark or black inlays on the white marbles. Mortared areas of the marble buildings have been stained or painted in a contrasting colour, creating geometric patterns of considerable complexity. Floors and walkways use contrasting tiles or blocks in tessellation patterns. On the lower walls of the tomb there are white marble dados that have been sculpted with realistic bas relief depictions of flowers and vines. The marble has been polished to emphasise the exquisite detailing of the carvings and the dado frames and archway spandrels have been decorated with pietra dura inlays of highly stylised, almost geometric vines, flowers and fruits. The inlay stones are of yellow marble, jasper and jade, polished and levelled to

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Calligraphy on large pishtaq

Taj Mahal the surface of the walls.

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Herringbone

Plant motifs

Spandrel detail

Incised painting

Reflective tiles normal exposure

Calligraphy of Persian poems

Finial Floor Tiling

Interior decoration The interior chamber of the Taj Mahal steps far beyond traditional decorative elements. Here, the inlay work is not pietra dura, but a lapidary of precious and semiprecious gemstones. The inner chamber is an octagon with the design allowing for entry from each face, although only the door facing the garden to the south is used. The interior walls are about 25 metres (82ft) high and are topped by a "false" interior dome decorated with a sun motif. Eight pishtaq arches define the space at ground level and, as with the exterior, each lower pishtaq is crowned by a second pishtaq about midway up the wall. The four central upper arches form balconies or viewing areas, and each balcony's exterior window has an intricate screen or jali cut from marble. In addition to the light from the balcony screens, light enters through roof openings covered by chattris at the corners. Each chamber wall has been highly decorated with dado bas-relief, intricate lapidary inlay and refined calligraphy panels, reflecting in miniature detail the design elements seen throughout the exterior of the complex. The octagonal marble screen or jali which borders the cenotaphs is made from eight marble panels which have been carved through with intricate pierce work. The remaining surfaces have been inlaid in extremely delicate detail with semi-precious stones forming twining vines, fruits and flowers.

Jali screen surrounding the cenotaphs

Tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal

Muslim tradition forbids elaborate decoration of graves. Hence, the bodies of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan were put in a relatively plain crypt beneath the inner chamber with their faces turned right and towards Mecca. Mumtaz Mahal's cenotaph is placed at the precise center of the inner chamber on a rectangular marble base of 1.5 metres (4ft11in) by 2.5 metres (8ft2in).

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Both the base and casket are elaborately inlaid with precious and semiprecious gems. Calligraphic inscriptions on the casket identify and praise Mumtaz. On the lid of the casket is a raised rectangular lozenge meant to suggest a writing tablet. Shah Jahan's cenotaph is beside Mumtaz's to the western side, and is the only visible asymmetric element in the entire complex. His cenotaph is bigger than his wife's, but reflects the same elements: a larger casket on a slightly taller base, again decorated with astonishing precision with lapidary and calligraphy that identifies him. On the lid of this casket is a traditional sculpture of a small pen box.

Cenotaphs, interior of Taj Mahal

The pen box and writing tablet were traditional Mughal funerary icons decorating the caskets of men and women respectively. The Ninety Nine Names of God are found as calligraphic inscriptions on the sides of the actual tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, in the crypt including "O Noble, O Magnificent, O Majestic, O Unique, O Eternal, O Glorious... ". The tomb of Shah Jahan bears a calligraphic inscription that reads; "He traveled from this world to the banquet-hall of Eternity on the night of the twenty-sixth of the month of Rajab, in the year 1076 Hijri."

Arch of Jali

Delicate pierce work

Detail of Jali

Detail of Pietra dura jali inlay

Garden
The complex is set around a large 300-metre (980ft) square charbagh or Mughal garden. The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four quarters of the garden into 16 sunken parterres or flowerbeds. A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden, halfway between the tomb and gateway with a reflecting pool on a north-south axis, reflects the image of the mausoleum. The raised marble water tank is called al Hawd al-Kawthar, in reference to the "Tank of Abundance" promised to Muhammad.[22] Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees and fountains.[23] The charbagh garden, a Walkways beside reflecting pool design inspired by Persian gardens, was introduced to India by the first Mughal emperor, Babur. It symbolises the four flowing rivers of Jannah (Paradise) and reflects the Paradise garden derived from the Persian paridaeza, meaning 'walled garden'. In mystic Islamic texts of Mughal period, Paradise is described as an ideal garden of abundance with four rivers flowing from a central spring or mountain, separating the garden into north, west, south and east. Most Mughal charbaghs are rectangular with a tomb or pavilion in the center. The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in that the main element, the tomb, is located at the end of the garden. With the discovery of Mahtab Bagh or "Moonlight Garden" on the other side of the Yamuna, the interpretation of the Archaeological Survey of India is that the Yamuna river itself was incorporated into the garden's design and was meant to be seen as one of the rivers of

Taj Mahal Paradise.[24] The similarity in layout of the garden and its architectural features with the Shalimar Gardens suggest that they may have been designed by the same architect, Ali Mardan.[25] Early accounts of the garden describe its profusion of vegetation, including abundant roses, daffodils, and fruit trees.[26] As the Mughal Empire declined, the tending of the garden also declined, and when the British took over the management of Taj Mahal during the time of the British Empire, they changed the landscaping to resemble that of lawns of London.[27]

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Outlying buildings
The Taj Mahal complex is bounded on three sides by crenellated red sandstone walls, with the river-facing side left open. Outside the walls are several additional mausoleums, including those of Shah Jahan's other wives, and a larger tomb for Mumtaz's favourite servant. These structures, composed primarily of red sandstone, are typical of the smaller Mughal tombs of the era. The garden-facing inner sides of the wall are fronted by columned arcades, a feature typical of Hindu temples which was later incorporated into Mughal mosques. The wall is interspersed with domed chattris, and small buildings that may have been viewing areas or watch towers like the Music House, which is now used as a museum.

The Great gate (Darwaza-i rauza)gateway to the Taj Mahal

The main gateway (darwaza) is a monumental structure built primarily of marble which is reminiscent of Mughal architecture of earlier emperors. Its archways mirror the shape of tomb's archways, and its pishtaq arches incorporate the calligraphy that decorates the tomb. It utilises bas-relief and pietra dura inlaid decorations with floral motifs. The vaulted ceilings and walls have elaborate geometric designs, like those found in the other sandstone buildings of the complex.
Interior of the Taj Mahal mosque

At the far end of the complex, there are two grand red sandstone buildings that are open to the sides of the tomb. Their backs parallel the western and eastern walls, and the two buildings are precise mirror images of each other. The western building is a mosque and the other is the jawab (answer), whose primary purpose was architectural balance, although it may have been used as a guesthouse. The distinctions between these two buildings include the lack of mihrab (a niche in a mosque's wall facing Mecca) in the jawab and that the floors Taj Mahal mosque or masjid of jawab have a geometric design, while the mosque floor was laid with outlines of 569 prayer rugs in black marble. The mosque's basic design of a long hall surmounted by three domes is similar to others built by Shah Jahan, particularly to his Masjid-Jahan Numa, or Jama Masjid, Delhi. The Mughal mosques of this period divide the sanctuary hall into three areas, with a main sanctuary and slightly smaller sanctuaries on either side. At the Taj Mahal, each sanctuary opens onto an enormous vaulting dome. These outlying buildings were completed in 1643.

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Construction
The Taj Mahal was built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra. Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a large palace in the center of Agra in exchange for the land.[28] An area of roughly three acres was excavated, filled with dirt to reduce seepage, and levelled at 50 metres (160ft) above riverbank. In the tomb area, wells were dug and filled with stone and rubble to form the footings of the tomb. Instead of lashed bamboo, workmen constructed a colossal brick scaffold that mirrored the tomb. The scaffold was so enormous that foremen estimated it would take years to dismantle. According to the legend, Shah Jahan decreed that anyone could keep the bricks taken from the scaffold, and thus it was dismantled by peasants overnight. A fifteen kilometre (9.3mi) tamped-earth ramp was built to transport marble and materials to the construction site and teams of twenty or thirty oxen pulled the blocks on Ground layout of the Taj Mahal specially constructed wagons. An elaborate post-and-beam pulley system was used to raise the blocks into desired position. Water was drawn from the river by a series of purs, an animal-powered rope and bucket mechanism, into a large storage tank and raised to a large distribution tank. It was passed into three subsidiary tanks, from which it was piped to the complex. The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab, and gateway. Since the complex was built in stages, discrepancies exist in completion dates due to differing opinions on "completion". For example, the mausoleum itself was essentially complete by 1643, but work continued on the rest of the complex. Estimates of the cost of construction vary due to difficulties in estimating costs across time. The total cost has been estimated to be about 32 million Rupees at that time.[29] The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia and over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials. The translucent white marble was brought from Makrana, Rajasthan, the jasper from Punjab, jade and crystal from China. The turquoise was from Tibet and the Lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, while the sapphire came from Sri Lanka and the carnelian from Arabia. In all, twenty eight types of precious and semi-precious stones were inlaid into the white marble. The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.[8][9] Lahauri[10] is generally considered to be the principal designer.[11]

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A labour force of twenty thousand workers was recruited across northern India. Sculptors from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and Persia, inlayers from southern India, stonecutters from Baluchistan, a specialist in building turrets, another who carved only marble flowers were part of the thirty-seven men who formed the creative unit. Some of the builders involved in construction of Taj Mahal are: Ismail Afandi (a.k.a. Ismail Khan) of the Ottoman Empire Turkish architect, designer of the main dome.[30] Ustad Isa (Isa Muhammad Effendi) of Persia Turkish architect, trained by Koca Mimar Sinan Agha of the Ottoman Empire and frequently credited with a key role in the architectural design.[31][32] 'Puru' from Benarus, Persia has been mentioned as a supervising architect.[33] Qazim Khan, a native of Lahore cast the solid gold finial. Chiranjilal, a lapidary from Delhi the chief sculptor and mosaicist. Amanat Khan from Shiraz, Iran the chief calligrapher.[34] Muhammad Hanif a supervisor of masons. Mir Abdul Karim and Mukkarimat Khan of Shiraz handled finances and management of daily production.

Artist's impression of the Taj Mahal, from the Smithsonian Institution

History
Soon after the Taj Mahal's completion, Shah Jahan was deposed by his son Aurangzeb and put under house arrest at nearby Agra Fort. Upon Shah Jahan's death, Aurangzeb buried him in the mausoleum next to his wife.[35] By the late 19th century, parts of the buildings had fallen badly into disrepair. During the time of the Indian rebellion of 1857, the Taj Mahal was defaced by British soldiers and government officials, who chiselled out precious stones and lapis lazuli from its walls. At the end of the 19th century, British viceroy Lord Curzon ordered a sweeping restoration project, which was completed in 1908.[36][37] He also commissioned the large lamp in the interior chamber, modelled after one in a Cairo mosque. During this time the garden was remodelled with British-style lawns that are still in place today.[27]

Taj Mahal by Samuel Bourne, 1860.

Taj Mahal as seen from Red Fort of Agra from where Shah Jahan used to see the mausoleum of his beloved wife during his last years

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Threats
In 1942, the government erected a scaffolding in anticipation of an air attack by German Luftwaffe and later by Japanese Air Force . During the India-Pakistan wars of 1965 and 1971, scaffoldings were again erected to mislead bomber pilots.[38] More recent threats have come from environmental pollution on the banks of Yamuna River including acid rain[39] due to the Mathura Oil Refinery,[40] which was opposed by Supreme Court of India directives. The pollution has been turning the Taj Mahal yellow. To help control the pollution, the Indian government has set up the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ), a 10,400-square-kilometre (4,000sqmi) area around the monument where strict emissions standards are in place.[41]

Protective wartime scaffolding

Concerns for the tomb's structural integrity have recently been raised because of a decline in the water level of the Yamuna River which is decreasing at a rate of 5 feet a year. In 2010, cracks appeared in parts of the tomb, and the minarets which surround the monument were showing signs of tilting, as the wooden foundation of the tomb may be rotting due to lack of water. Some persons predict that the tomb may collapse within 5 years.[42][43]

Tourism
The Taj Mahal attracts a large number of tourists. UNESCO documented more than 2 million visitors in 2001, including more than 200,000 from overseas.[44] A two tier pricing system is in place, with a significantly lower entrance fee for Indian citizens and a more expensive one for foreigners. Most tourists visit in the cooler months of October, November and February. Polluting traffic is not allowed near the complex and tourists must either walk from parking lots or catch an electric bus. The Khawasspuras (northern courtyards) are currently being restored for use as a new visitor center.[45][46] The small town to the south of the Taj, known as Taj Ganji or Mumtazabad, was originally constructed with caravanserais, bazaars and markets to serve the needs of visitors and workmen.[47] Lists of recommended travel destinations often feature the Taj Mahal, which also appears in several listings of seven wonders of the modern world, including the recently announced New Seven Wonders of the World, a recent poll[48] with 100 million votes. The grounds are open from 6a.m. to 7p.m. weekdays, except for Friday when the complex is open for prayers at the mosque between 12p.m. and 2p.m. The complex is open for night viewing on the day of the full moon and two days before and after,[49] excluding Fridays and the month of Ramadan. For security reasons[50] only five itemswater in transparent bottles, small video cameras, still cameras, mobile phones and small ladies' pursesare allowed inside the Taj Mahal.[51]

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Myths
Ever since its construction, the building has been the source of an admiration transcending culture and geography, and so personal and emotional responses have consistently eclipsed scholastic appraisals of the monument.[52] A longstanding myth holds that Shah Jahan planned a mausoleum to be built in black marble across the Yamuna river.[53] The idea originates from fanciful writings of Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, a European traveller who visited Agra in 1665. It was suggested that Shah Jahan was overthrown by his son Aurangzeb before it could be built. Ruins of blackened marble across the river in Moonlight Garden, Mahtab Bagh, seemed to support this legend. However, excavations carried out in the 1990s found that they were discolored white stones that had turned black.[54] A more credible theory for the origins of the black mausoleum was demonstrated in 2006 by archaeologists who reconstructed part of the pool in the Moonlight Garden. A dark reflection of the white mausoleum could clearly be seen, befitting Shah Jahan's obsession with symmetry and the positioning of the pool itself.[55]

Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, one of the first European visitors to the Taj Mahal

No evidence exists for claims that describe, often in horrific detail, the deaths, dismemberments and mutilations which Shah Jahan supposedly inflicted on various architects and craftsmen associated with the tomb. Some stories claim that those involved in construction signed contracts committing themselves to have no part in any similar design. Similar claims are made for many famous buildings.[56] No evidence exists for claims that Lord William Bentinck, governor-general of India in the 1830s, supposedly planned to demolish the Taj Mahal and auction off the marble. Bentinck's biographer John Rosselli says that the story arose from Bentinck's fund-raising sale of discarded marble from Agra Fort.[57] Another myth suggests that beating the silhouette of the finial will cause water to come forth. To this day, officials find broken bangles surrounding the silhouette.[58] In 2000, India's Supreme Court dismissed P. N. Oak's petition to declare that a Hindu king built the Taj Mahal.[56][59] Oak claimed that origins of the Taj, together with other historic structures in the country currently ascribed to Muslim sultans pre-date Muslim rule of India and thus, have a Hindu origin.[60]

Replicas
There is a replica of Taj Mahal in the Window of the World theme park located in the western part of the city of Shenzhen in the People's Republic of China. Among the buildings modelled on the Taj Mahal are the Taj Mahal Bangladesh, the Bibi Ka Maqbara in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City, NJ and the Tripoli Shrine Temple in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Miniature Replica of Taj mahal in the Window of the World

Taj Mahal Bangladesh

Bibi Ka Maqbara

Tripoli Shrine Temple

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Trump Taj Mahal

Gallery
Taj Mahal Gallery

The Taj Mahal

The tomb framed by the gateway entrance

Great gate (Darwaza-i rauza), the main entrance to the tomb.

Typical postcard image

View from the river Yamuna

The Taj Mahal at dusk turns yellow

Taj Mahal.

The top of the Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal Masjid

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References
Notes
[1] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 252 [2] Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. p.704. ISBN0-582-05383-8. entry "Taj Mahal". [3] "Collins English Dictionary & Thesaurus, entry for Taj Mahal" (http:/ / dictionary. reverso. net/ english-definition/ taj). Dictionary.reverso.net. . Retrieved 14 August 2010. [4] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 252 [5] Hasan, Parween (November 1994). "Review of Mughal Architecture: Its outline and its history". The Journal of Asian Studies 53 (4): 1301 [6] Lesley A. DuTemple, "The Taj Mahal", Lerner Publishing Group (March 2003). pg 26: "The Taj Mahal, a spectacular example of Moghul architecture, blends Islamic, Hindu and Persian styles" [7] Tillitson, G.H.R. (1990). Architectural Guide to Mughal India, Chronicle Books. [8] History of the Taj Mahal Agra (http:/ / www. agrahub. com/ taj-mahal-agra/ history-of-the-tajmahal. html), Retrieved on: 20 January 2009. [9] Anon. "The Taj mahal" (http:/ / www. islamicart. com/ library/ empires/ india/ taj_mahal. html). Islamic architecture. Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization. . Retrieved 22 May 2009. [10] From Lahore as the name suggests (Koch.p88) [11] UNESCO advisory body evaluation (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ archive/ advisory_body_evaluation/ 252. pdf). [12] "Public Broadcasting Service" (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ treasuresoftheworld/ a_nav/ taj_nav/ main_tajfrm. html). PBS. . Retrieved 2 February 2010. [13] "Taj Mahal History" (http:/ / www. ourworldwonders. com/ TajMahal/ History. htm). . [14] Muhammad Abdullah Chaghtai Le Tadj Mahal D'Agra (Hindi). Histoire et description (Brussels) 1938 p. 46. [15] 'Abd al-Hamid Lahawri Badshah Namah Ed. Maulawis Kabir al-Din Ahmad and 'Abd al-Rahim u-nder the superintendence of Major W.N. Lees. Vol. I Calcutta 1867 pp384-9 ; Muhammad Salih Kambo Amal-i-Sal\lih or Shah Jahan Namah Ed. Ghulam Yazdani Vol.I (Calcutta) 1923 p. 275. [16] Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1970). Muslim Rule In India. p.200. [17] Chaghtai Le Tadj Mahal p. 146. [18] Copplestone, p. 166. [19] Taj Mahal Calligraphy (http:/ / www. tajmahal. org. uk/ calligraphy. html). [20] Koch, p. 100. [21] "Public Broadcasting Service" (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ treasuresoftheworld/ taj_mahal/ tlevel_2/ t4visit_3calligraphy. html). PBS. . Retrieved 2 February 2010. [22] Begley, Wayne E. (March 1979). "The Myth of the Taj Mahal and a New Theory of Its Symbolic Meaning". The Art Bulletin 61 (1): 14. [23] "taj-mahal-travel-tours.com" (http:/ / www. taj-mahal-travel-tours. com/ garden-of-taj-mahal. html). taj-mahal-travel-tours.com.. . Retrieved 2 February 2010. [24] Wright, Karen (1 July 2000). "Works in Progress" (http:/ / discovermagazine. com/ 2000/ jul/ featworks). Discover (Waukesha, WI, USA: Kalmbach Publishing). . [25] Allan, John (1958). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (First ed.). Cambridge: S. Chand, 288 pages. p. 318. [26] The Taj by Jerry Camarillo Dunn Jr (http:/ / travel. howstuffworks. com/ taj-mahal-landmark. htm). [27] Koch, p. 139. [28] Chaghtai Le Tadj Mahal p54; Lahawri Badshah Namah Vol.1 p. 403. [29] Dr. A. Zahoor and Dr. Z. Haq (http:/ / www. islamicity. com/ Culture/ Taj/ default. htm). [30] Who designed the Taj Mahal (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ treasuresoftheworld/ taj_mahal/ tlevel_2/ t3build_design. html). [31] William J. Hennessey, PhD, Director, Univ. of Michigan Museum of Art. IBM 1999 WORLD BOOK. [32] Marvin Trachtenberg and Isabelle Hyman. Architecture: from Prehistory to Post-Modernism. p. 223. [33] ISBN 964-7483-39-2. [34] "It Never Disappoints; The Taj Mahal has the sort of majestic beauty that catches you unawares" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080605030415/ http:/ / meaindia. nic. in/ bestoftheweb/ 2006/ 02/ 25bw01. htm). Meaindia.nic.in. 25 February 2006. Archived from the original (http:/ / meaindia. nic. in/ bestoftheweb/ 2006/ 02/ 25bw01. htm) on 5 June 2008. . Retrieved 14 August 2010. [35] Gascoigne, Bamber (1971). The Great Mughals. New York:Harper&Row. p. 243. [36] Lord Curzon's Brass Lamp (http:/ / www. taj-mahal. net/ augEng/ textMM/ brasslampengN. htm). [37] Yapp, Peter (1983). The Traveller's Dictionary of Quotations. London:Routledge Kegan & Paul. p. 460. [38] Taj Mahal 'to be camouflaged' (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 1732993. stm). [39] Acid Rain and the Taj Mahal (http:/ / science. howstuffworks. com/ acid-rain2. htm). [40] Oil Refinery Impact on Taj Mahal (http:/ / www. industrialinfo. com/ showAbstract. jsp?newsitemID=139464). [41] "UNESCO" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20080526021559/ http:/ / www. unesco. org/ courier/ 2000_07/ uk/ signe. htm). UNESCO. 30 April 1997. Archived from the original (http:/ / www. unesco. org/ courier/ 2000_07/ uk/ signe. htm) on 26 May 2008. . Retrieved 2 February 2010.

Taj Mahal
[42] "Taj Mahal could collapse within five years because wooden foundations are rotting" (http:/ / www. dailymail. co. uk/ news/ article-2045183/ Taj-Mahal-collapse-5-years-wooden-foundations-rotting. html?ITO=1490). October 5, 2011. . [43] http:/ / www. foxnews. com/ scitech/ 2011/ 10/ 07/ could-taj-mahal-collapse-in-2-years/ ?intcmp=trending|title=Taj Mahal could collapse within two to five years |date=October 7, 2011 [44] UNESCO date =2002. "Periodic Reporting Exercise On The Application Of The World Heritage Convention" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ archive/ periodicreporting/ APA/ cycle01/ section2/ 252. pdf). UNESCO. . Retrieved 25 May 2012. [45] Koch, p. 120. [46] Koch, p. 254. [47] Koch, pp. 201208. [48] Travel Correspondent (9 July 2007). "New Seven Wonders of the World announced" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ travel/ main. jhtml?xml=/ travel/ 2007/ 07/ 09/ etsevenwonders109. xml). The Telegraph. . Retrieved 6 July 2007. [49] "Archaeological Survey of India: Night Viewings of Taj Mahal" (http:/ / asi. nic. in/ asi_monu_whs_agratajmahal_night. asp). Asi.nic.in. 28 November 2004. . Retrieved 2 February 2010. [50] DNA India: Going to the Taj? This is all you can carry (http:/ / www. dnaindia. com/ report. asp?newsid=1145100). [51] tajmahal [52] Koch, p. 231. [53] Asher, p. 210. [54] Koch, p. 249. [55] Warrior Empire: The Mughals of India (2006) A+E Television Network. [56] Koch, p. 239. [57] Rosselli, J., Lord William Bentinck the making of a Liberal Imperialist, 17741839, London Chatto and Windus for Sussex University Press 1974, p. 283. [58] Koch, p. 240. [59] Plea to rewrite Taj history dismissed (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ thehindu/ 2000/ 07/ 14/ stories/ 0214000q. htm). [60] Oak, Purushottam Nagesh. "The True Story of the Taj Mahal" (http:/ / www. stephen-knapp. com/ true_story_of_the_taj_mahal. htm). Stephen Knapp. . Retrieved 23 February 2007.

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Sources
Asher, Catherine B. Architecture of Mughal India New Cambridge History of India I.4, Cambridge University Press 1992 ISBN 0-521-26728-5. Bernier, Franoi' Travels in the Moghul Empire A.D. 16571668 (Westminster: Archibald Constable & Co.) 1891. Carroll, David (1971). The Taj Mahal, Newsweek Books ISBN 0-88225-024-8. Chaghtai, Muhammad Abdullah Le Tadj Mahal d'Agra (Inde). Histoire et description (Brussels: Editions de la Connaissance) 1938. Copplestone, Trewin. (ed). (1963). World architecture An illustrated history. Hamlyn, London. Gascoigne, Bamber (1971). The Great Moguls, Harper & Row. Havel, E.B. (1913). Indian Architecture: Its Psychology, Structure and History, John Murray. Kambo, Muhammad Salih Amal-i-Salih or Shah Jahan Namah Ed. Ghulam Yazdani (Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press) Vol.I 1923. Vol. II 1927. Koch, Ebba (2006) [Aug 2006] (Paperback). The Complete Taj Mahal: And the Riverfront Gardens of Agra (First ed.). Thames & Hudson Ltd., 288 pages. ISBN0-500-34209-1. Lahawri, 'Abd al-Hamid Badshah Namah Ed. Maulawis Kabir al-Din Ahmad and 'Abd al-Rahim under the superintendence of Major W.N. Lees. (Calcutta: College Press) Vol. I 1867 Vol. II 1868. Lall, John (1992). Taj Mahal, Tiger International Press. Preston, Diana & Michael (2007) [2007] (Hardback). A Teardrop on the Cheek of Time (First ed.). London: Doubleday, 354 pages. ISBN978-0-385-60947-0. Rothfarb, Ed (1998). In the Land of the Taj Mahal, Henry Holt ISBN 0-8050-5299-2. Saksena, Banarsi Prasad History of Shahjahan of Dihli (Allahabad: The Indian Press Ltd.) 1932. Spiller, R (1994). "Agricultural Sites of the Taj Mahal', Chronicle Books. Stall, B (1995). Agra and Fathepur Sikri, Millennium. Stierlin, Henri [editor] & Volwahsen, Andreas (1990). Architecture of the World: Islamic India, Taschen.

Taj Mahal Tillitson, G.H.R. (1990). Architectural Guide to Mughal India, Chronicle Books.

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External links
Archeological Survey of India description (http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agratajmahal.asp) Government of India Description (http://www.indohistory.com/taj_mahal.html) Information from the Department of Tourism, Uttar Pradesh (http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/) Historical images on Europeana.eu (http://europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=taj+mahal&tab=image& qf=TYPE:IMAGE) Taj Mahal travel guide from Wikitravel The plants (http://indiatourism.ws/uttar_pradesh/agra/taj_mahal/) growing throughout the Taj Mahal complex

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Agra Fort
Agra Fort*
UNESCO World Heritage Site

Country Type Criteria Reference Region**

India Cultural iii 251 [1]

South Asia

Inscription history
Inscription 1983 (7th Session) [2]

* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List [3] ** Region as classified by UNESCO

Agra Fort, is a monument, (Hindi: , Urdu: ) a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 2.5km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. After the First Battle of Panipat, in 1526 Mughals captured the fort and a vast treasure - which included a diamond later known as the Koh-i-Noor diamond - was seized. Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim and built a baoli (step well) in it. The emperor Humayun was crowned here in 1530. He was defeated in Bilgram in 1540. Sher Shah and his descendants held the fort for fifteen years. In 1555, Humanyun recaptured it for some time when the Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya defeated his army and captured the fort. Akbar defeated the Hindu King Hemu chanda finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556.

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History
Agra Fort was originally a brick fort, held by the Hindu Sikarwar Rajputs. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (14881517) was the first Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort at 1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period.

Akbar supervises the building of the Fort at Agra

The passing of Shah Jahan inside the Agra Fort beside his daughter and caretaker Princess Jahanara.

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After the First Battle of Panipat, Mughals captured the fort and a vast treasure - which included a diamond later known as the Koh-i-Noor was seized. Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim. He built a baoli (step well) in it. Humanyun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated in Bilgram in 1540 by Sher Shah Suri and fort remained with Suris till 1555, when Humanyun recaptured it. Hindu king "Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called 'Hemu' defeated Humanyun's army lead by Iskandar Khan Uzbek and won Agra. Hemu got a huge booty from this fort and went on to win Delhi from Mughals. "Mughals under Akbar, defeated the Hindu King Hemu finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. Realizing the importance of its central situation, Akbar made it his capital and arrived in Agra in 1558. His historian, Abdul Fazal, recorded that this was a brick fort known as 'Badalgarh' . It was in a ruined condition and Akbar had it rebuilt with red sandstone from Barauli area in Rajasthan. Architects laid the foundation and it was built with bricks in the inner core with sandstone on external surfaces. Some 1,444,000 builders worked on it for eight years, completing it in 1573.

Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya who won Agra in 1553 and again 1556 defeating Akbar's army

It was only during the reign of Akbar's grandson, Shah Jahan, that the site took on its current state. Legend has it that Shah Jahan built the beautiful Taj Mahal for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Unlike his grandfather, Shah Jahan tended to have buildings made from white marble, often inlaid with gold or semi-precious gems. He destroyed some of the earlier buildings inside the fort in order to make his own. At the end of his life, Shah Jahan was deposed and restrained by his son, Aurangzeb, in the fort. It is rumored that Shah Jahan died in Muasamman Burj, a tower with a marble balcony with a view of the Taj Mahal. The fort was the site of a battle during the Indian rebellion of 1857, which caused the end of the British East India Company's rule in India, and led to a century of direct rule of India by Britain.

Layout
The 94-acre (380,000m2) fort has a semicircular plan, its chord lies parallel to the river and its walls are seventy feet high. Double ramparts have massive circular bastions at intervals, with battlements, embrasures, machicolations and string courses. Four gates were provided on its four sides, one Khizri gate opening on to the river. Two of the fort's gates are notable: the "Delhi Gate" and the "Lahore Gate." The Lahore Gate is also popularly also known as the Amar Singh Gate, for Amar Singh Rathore. The monumental Delhi Gate, which faces the city on the western side Inside the Musamman Burj, where Shah Jahan spent the last seven years of his life under house of the fort, is considered the grandest of the four gates and a arrest by his son Aurangzeb. masterpiece of Akbar's time. It was built circa 1568 both to enhance security and as the king's formal gate, and includes features related to both. It is embellished with inlay work in white marble, proof to the richness and power of the Great Mughals. A wooden drawbridge was used to cross the moat and reach the gate from the mainland; inside, an inner gateway called Hathi Pol ("Elephant Gate") - guarded by two life-sized stone elephants with their riders - added another layer of

Agra Fort security. The drawbridge, slight ascent, and 90-degree turn between the outer and inner gates make the entrance impregnable. During a siege, attackers would employ elephants to crush a fort's gates. Without a level, straight run-up to gather speed, however, something prevented by this layout, elephants are ineffective. Because the Indian military (the Parachute Brigade in particular) is still using the northern portion of the Agra Fort, the Delhi Gate cannot be used by the public. Tourists enter via the Amar Singh Gate. The site is very important in terms of architectural history. Abul Fazal recorded that five hundred buildings in the beautiful designs of Bengal and Gujarat were built in the fort. Some of them were demolished by Shahjahan to make way for his white marble palaces. Most of the others were destroyed by the British between 1803 and 1862 for raising barracks. Hardly thirty Mughal buildings have survived on the south-eastern side, facing the river. Of these, the Delhi Gate and Akbar Gate and one palace - "Bengali Mahal" - are representative Akbari buildings. Akbar Darwazza (Akbar Gate) was renamed Amar Singh Gate by the British. The gate is similar in design to the Delhi Gate. Both are built of red sandstone. The Bengali Mahal is built of red sandstone and is now split into Akbari Mahal and Jahangiri mahal. An interesting mix of Hindu and Islamic architecture is found here. In fact, some of the Islamic decorations feature haraam (sinful) images of living creatures - dragons, elephants and birds, instead of the usual patterns and calligraphy seen in Islamic surface decoration.

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Sites and structures

Anguri Bagh (Grape Garden)- 85 square, geometrically arranged gardens[4] Diwan-i-Am (Hall of Public Audience) - was used to speak to the people and listen to petitioners and once housed the Peacock Throne Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience) - was used to receive kings and dignitary, features black throne of Jehangir Golden Pavilions (Jahan Ara Pavilion and Roshan Ara Pavilion) beautiful pavilions with roofs shaped like the roofs of Bengali huts Jahangiri Mahal - built by Akbar for his son Jehangir Khas Mahal - white marble palace, one of the best examples of painting on marble Macchi Bhawan (Fish Enclosure) - grand enclosure for harem functions, once had pools and fountains Mina Masjid (Heavenly Mosque) - private mosque used by mujahara Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque) - mosque built for use by members of royal court Musamman Burj - a large, octagonal tower with a balcony facing the Taj Mahal Takht-i-Jahangir - Throne of Jahangir Nagina Masjid (Gem Mosque) - mosque designed for the ladies of the court Naubat Khana (Drum House) - a place where the king's musicians played Rang Mahal - where the king's wives and mistresses lived Shahi Burj - Shah Jahan's private work area
The Khas Mahal

Jahangiri mahal

Agra Fort Shah Jahani Mahal - Shah Jahan's first attempt at modification of the red sandstone palace Sheesh Mahal or Shish Mahal (Mirror Palace) - royal dressing room featuring tiny mirror-like glass-mosaic decorations, and drums built into the walls. Zenana Mina Bazaar (Ladies Bazaar) - right next to the balcony, where only female merchants sold wares

95

Anguri Bagh

Popular culture
The Agra Fort won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2004. India Post issued a stamp to commemorate this event The Agra Fort plays a key role in the Sherlock Holmes mystery The Sign of the Four, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Agra Fort was featured in the music video for Habibi Da, a hit song of Egyptian pop star Hisham Abbas. Shivaji came to Agra in 1666 as per the "Purandar Treaty" entered into with Mirza Raje Jaisingh to met Aurangzeb in the Diwan-i-Khas. In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank, Insulted he stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing's quarters on 12 May 1666. In the second expansion pack for the videogame Age of Empires 3, the Asian Dynasties, Agra fort is one of five wonders for the Indian civilization. In the expansion pack for the videogame Rise of Nations, Thrones & Patriots, Agra Fort is one of three new additional wonders, which can be built as a fortress.

Gallery

Agra Fort inscription

Agra Fort Diwan I Am (Hall of Public Audience)

Agra Fort Diwan I Am (Hall of Public Audience)

Jahangir Palace

Jahangir Palace

Jahangir Palace

Diwan-e-Khas

Delhi gate 6

Agra Fort

96

agra fort as seen from train nearby railway

Agra Fort insides

Decorated column

Decorations on the ceiling

Notes
[1] [2] [3] [4] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 251 http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ ?search=& search_by_country=& type=& media=& region=& order=region "Agra Photo Album" (http:/ / www. pratheep. com/ agra. shtml). Pratheep.com. . Retrieved 2010-12-22.

External links
India Tourist Attractions Official Website (http://welcome2asia.com/India/attractions/Agra_Fort.htm)

Fatehpur Sikri

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Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri*
UNESCO World Heritage Site

Diwan-i-Khas Hall of Private Audience Country Type Criteria Reference Region** India Cultural ii, iii, iv 255 [1]

Asia-Pacific

Inscription history
Inscription 1986 (10th Session) [2]

* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List [3] ** Region as classified by UNESCO

Fatehpur Sikri (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is a city and a municipal board in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Built near the much older Sikri, the historical city of Bharat, as it was first named Sikrigarh, was constructed by Sikriwal Rajput Rajas last Emperor Maharana Sangram Singh beginning in 1500. At Seventh attack of Akbar Sikriwal Rajput left Palace after that Sikrigarh was named Fateh(victory)pur Sikri.There was a temple of Sikriwal Rajputs Kuldevi(Named Chamad Devi)In front of Lal Darwaja of Sikrigarh(at present Fatehpur Sikri).After victory on sikrigarh Akber served as the capital from 1571 to 1585.[2] He was named Salim to honour the saint and would later rule the empire as Emperor Jahangir. Here after the second birthday of Jahangir in 1571, Akbar then 28 years old, decided to shift his capital from Agra to the Sikri ridge, to honor Salim Chishti, and commenced the construction of a planned walled city which took the next fifteen years in planning and construction of a series royal palaces, harem, courts, a mosque, private quarters and other utility buildings.[3] He named the city, Fatehabad, with Fateh, a word of Arabic origin in Persian, meaning "victory", it was later called Fatehpur Sikri.[4] It is at Fatehpur Sikri that the legends of Akbar and his famed courtiers, the nine jewels or Navaratnas, were born . One of them, musician and singer Tansen is said to have performed on an island in the middle of the pool Anup Talao.[5] Built during the 16th century, the Fatehpur Sikri is one of the best preserved collection of Mughal architecture in India.[6] According to contemporary historians, Akbar took a great interest in the building of Fatehpur Sikri and probably also dictated its architectural style. Seeking to revive the splendours of Persian court ceremonial made famous by his ancestor Timur, Akbar planned the complex on Persian principles. But the influences of his adopted land came through in the typically Indian embellishments. The Easy availability of sandstone in the neighbouring areas of Fatehpur Sikri, also meant that all the buildings here were made of the red stone. The imperial Palace complex consists of a number of independent pavilions arranged in formal geometry on a piece of level ground, a pattern derived from Arab and central Asian tent encampments. In its entirety, the monuments at Fatehpur Sikri thus reflect the genius of Akbar in assimilating diverse regional architectural influences within a holistic style that was uniquely

Fatehpur Sikri his own.[5] The Imperial complex was abandoned in 1585, shortly after its completion, due to paucity of water and its proximity with the Rajputana areas in the North-West, which were increasingly in turmoil. Thus the capital was shifted to Lahore so that Akbar could have a base in the less stable part of the empire, before moving back Agra in 1598, where he had begun his reign as he shifted his focus to Deccan.[7] In fact, he never returned to the city except for a brief period in 1601.[8][9] In later Mughal history it was occupied for a short while by Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah (r. 1719 -1748), and his regent, Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, one of the Syed Brothers, was murdered here in 1720. Today much of the imperial complex which spread over nearly two mile long and one mile wide area is largely intact and resembles a ghost town. It is still surrounded by a five mile long wall built during its original construction, on three sides. However apart from the imperial buildings complex few other buildings stand in the area, which is mostly barren, except of ruins of the bazaars of the old city near the Naubat Khana, the 'drum-house' entrance at Agra Road. The modern town lies at the western end of the complex, which was a municipality from 1865 to 1904, and later made a "notified area", and in 1901 had a population of 7,147. For a long time it was still known for its masons and stone carvers, though in Akbar time it was known and 'fabrics of hair' and 'silk-spinning'. The village of Sikri still exists nearby.[10]

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Architecture of Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri sits on rocky ridge, 3km. in length and 1km. wide, and palace city is surrounded by a 6[11] km wall on three side with the fourth being a lake at the time.[12] Its architect was Tuhir Das and was constructed using Indian principles. The buildings of Fatehpur Sikri show a synthesis of various regional schools of architectural craftsmanship such as Gujarat and Bengal. This was because indigenous craftsmen from various regions were used for the construction of the buildings. Influences from Hindu and Jain architecture are seen Site plan of Fatehpur Sikri hand in hand with Islamic elements. The building material used in all the buildings at Fatehpur Sikri, palace-city complex, is the locally quarried red sandstone, known as 'Sikri sandstone'.[13][14] It is accessed through gates along the five-mile long fort wall, namely, Delhi Gate, the Lal Gate, the Agra Gate, Birbal's Gate, Chandanpal Gate, The Gwalior Gate, the Tehra Gate, the Chor Gate and the Ajmere Gate.[15]

A panoramic view of the Fatehpur Sikri Palace

Fatehpur Sikri

99

Some of the important buildings in this city, both religious and secular are: Buland Darwaza: Set into the south wall of congregational mosque, the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, this stupendous piece of architecture is 54 metre high, from the outside, gradually making a transition to a human scale in the inside. The gate was added some five years later after the completion of the mosque ca. 1576-1577 [16] as an 'victory arch', to commemorate the Akbar's successful Gujarat campaign. It carries two inscriptions in the archway, one of which reads: "Isa(Jesus) Son of Mary said: The world is a bridge, pass over it, but build no houses on it. He who hopes for an hour may hope for eternity. The world endures but an hour. Spend it in prayer, for the rest is unseen". The central portico comprises three arched entrances, with the largest one, in the centre, is known locally as the Horseshoe Gate, after the custom of nailing horseshoes to its large wooden doors for luck.[17] Outside the giant steps of the Buland Darwaza to left is deep well.

Buland Darwaza, the 54 mt. high entrance to Fatehpur Sikri complex

Jama Masjid: It is a Jami Mosque meaning the Friday Mosque congregational mosque, and was perhaps Jama Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri one of the first buildings to come up in the complex, as its epigraph gives AH 979 (A.D. 1571-72) as the date of its completion, with a massive entrance to the courtyard, the Buland-Darwaza added some five years later.[16] It was built in the manner of Indian mosques, with iwans around a central courtyard. A distinguishing feature is the row of chhatri over the sanctuary. There are three mihrabs in each of the seven bays, while the large central mihrab is covered by a dome, it is decorated with white marble inlay, in geometric patterns.[13]

Fatehpur Sikri Tomb of Salim Chishti: A white marble encased tomb of the Sufi saint, Salim Chisti (14781572), within the Jama Masjid's sahn, courtyard. The single-storey structure is built around a central square chamber, with has the grave of the saint, under an ornate wooden canopy, encrusted with mother-of-pearl mosaic. Surrounding it is covered passageway for circumambulation, with carved Jalis, stone pierced screens all around with intricate geometric design, and an entrance to the south. The tomb is influenced by earlier mausolea of the early 15th century Gujarat Sultanate period. Other striking features of the tomb are white marble serpentine brackets, which support sloping eaves around the parapet.[18] On the left of the tomb, to the east, stands a red sandstone tomb of Islam Khan I, son of Shaikh Badruddin Chisti and grandson of Shaikh Salim Chishti, who became a general in the Mughal army in the reign of Jahangir. The tomb is topped by a dome and thirty-six small domed chattris, and contains a number of graves, some unnamed, all male descendants of Shaikh Salim Chisti.[19] Diwan-i-Aam : Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience, is a building typology found in many cities where the ruler meets the general public. In this case, it is a pavilion-like multi-bayed rectangular structure fronting a large open space. South west of the Diwan-i-Am and next to the Turkic Sultana's House stand Turkic Baths. Diwan-i-Khas: the Diwan-i-Khas, or Hall of Private Audience, is a plain square Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri building with four chhatris on the roof. However it is famous for its central pillar, which has a square base and an octagonal shaft, both carved with bands of geometric and floral designs, further its thirty-six serpentine brackets support a circular platform for Akbar, which is connected to each corner of the building on the first floor, by four stone walkways. It is here that Akbar had representatives of different

100

Tomb of Salim Chishti (left) tomb in Jama Masjid courtyard, Fatehpur Sikri

The central pillar of Diwan-i-khas

Fatehpur Sikri religions discuss their faiths and gave private audience. Ibadat Khana: (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, where the foundations of a new Syncretistic faith, Din-e-Ilahi were laid by Akbar.[20] Anup Talao: A ornamental pool with a central platform and four bridges leading up to it. Some of the important buildings of the royal enclave are surround by it including, Khwabgah (House of Dreams) Akbar's residence, Panch Mahal, a five-storey palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Ankh Michauli and the Astrologer's Seat, in the south-west corner of the Pachisi Court. Hujra-i-Anup Talao: Said to be the residence of Akbar's Muslim wife, although this is disputed due to its small size. Mariam-uz-Zamani's Palace: The building of Akbar's wife, Mariam-uz-Zamani shows Gujarati influence and is built around a courtyard, with special care being taken to ensure privacy. Naubat Khana: Also known as Naqqar Khana meaning a drum house, where musician used drums to announce the arrival of the Emperor. It is situated ahead of the Hathi Pol Gate or the Elephant Gate, the south entrance to the complex, suggesting that it was the imperial entrance.[21] Pachisi Court: A square marked out as a large board game, the precursor to modern day Ludo game where people served as the playing pieces.

101

Panch Mahal: A five-storied palatial structure, with the tiers gradually diminishing in size, till the final one, which is a single large-domed chhatri. Originally pierced stone screens faced the faade, and probably sub-divided the interior as well, suggesting it was built for the ladies of the court.[22] The floors are supported by intricately carved columns on each level, totalling to 176 columns in all.[23] Birbal's House: The house of Akbar's favorite minister, who was a Hindu. Notable features of the building are the horizontal sloping sunshades or chajjas and the brackets which support them. Other buildings included Taksal (mint), 'Daftar Khana (Records Office), Karkhanas (royal workshop), Khazana (treasury), Turkic styled Baths, Darogha's Quarters, stables, Caravan sarai, Hakim's quarters etc.[16]

Demographics
Fatehpur Sikri had a population of 28,754. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Fatehpur Sikri has an average literacy rate of 46%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 57%, and female literacy is 34%. In Fatehpur Sikri, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Administrative establishment

Fatehpur Sikri

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Fatehpur Sikri is one of the fifteen Block headquarters in the Agra district[24] it has 52 Gram panchayats (Village Panchayat) under it.[25] The Fatehpur Sikri, is a constituency of the Lok Sabha, Lower house of the Indian Parliament, and further comprises five Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments [26],: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Agra Rural Fatehpur Sikri Kheragarh Fatehabad Bah

A view of the present Fatehpur Sikri, outside the historical city.

In all there are 12 villages of Sisodia Rajputs near Fatehpur Sikri fort in Agra district. These are Daultabad, Nayavas, Satha, korai, Behrawati, Byara, Undera, Kachora, Singarpur, Vidyapur, Onera, Arrua.

Transport
Fatehpur Sikri is about 39km. from Agra. The nearest Airport is the Agra Airport also known as Kheria Airport at Agra at 40km, nearest railway station is the Fatehpur Sikri railway station, around one km. from city centre . It is suitably connected to Agra and neighbouring centres by road, where regular bus services of UPSRTC ply, apart from Tourist buses and taxies.[27]

Gallery

Buland Darwaza

Nawab Islam Khan's Tomb

King's Gate

King's Gate

Entrance to Queen's Palace

Diwan-i-Khas

Fatehpur Sikri

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Mariam-uz-Zamani House

Anup talao (pond), the platform in the middle was used for singing competitions

Jodha Bhai's Kitchen

Further reading
Latif, Muammad (1896). Agra, Historical & Descriptive [28]. Calcutta Central Press. Fazl, Abul; (tr. from Persian by H. Beveridge) (1897 - 1939). The Akbarnama (Vol. I-III) [29]. Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Keene, Henry George (1899, Sixth ed.). "Fatehpur Sikri" [30]. A Handbook for Visitors to Agra and Its Neighbourhood. Thacker, Spink & Co.. p.53. Malleson, Colonel G. B. (1899). Rulers Of India: Akbar And The Rise Of The Mughal Empire [31]. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Havell, E. B. (1904). A handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the neighbourhood (1904) [32] . Longmans, Greens & Co., London. Garbe, Dr.Richard von (1909). Akbar - Emperor of India. A picture of life and customs from the sixteenth century [33] . The Opencourt Publishing Company, Chicago. Smith, Vincent Arthur (1917). Akbar the Great Mogul, 1542-1605 [34]. Oxford at The Clarendon Press. Hussain, Muhammad Ashraf (1947). A Guide To Fatehpur Sikri [35]. The Manager, Government of India Press. Rezavi, S. Ali Nadeem (1998). Exploring Mughal Gardens at Fathpur Sikri [36]. Indian History Congress. Petruccioli, Attilio (1992). Fatehpur Sikri. Ernst & Sohn. Rizvi, Athar Abbas (2002). Fatehpur Sikri (World heritage series). Archaeological Survey of India. ISBN81-87780-09-6. Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem (2002). "Iranian Influence on Medieval Indian Architecture", The Growth of Civilizations in India and Iran [37]. Tulika. Jain, Kulbhushan (2003). Fatehpur Sikri: where spaces touch perfection. VDG. ISBN3-89739-363-8. Rezavi, Dr. Syed Ali Nadeem (2008). Religious Disputation and Imperial Ideology: The Purpose and Location of Akbar's Ibadatkhana [38]. SAGE Publications.

References
[1] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 255 [2] http:/ / dsal. uchicago. edu/ reference/ gazetteer/ pager. html?objectid=DS405. 1. I34_V12_091. gif|publisher=Oxford|pages=8485|chapter=Fatehpur Sikri}} [3] Asher, p. 51 [4] "Alphabetical list of Towns and their population, Uttar Pradesh - 202: Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ towns/ up_towns. pdf). Sex of India, Government of India, website. . [5] To more information visit at Fatehpur Sikri (http:/ / keoladeonationalpark. co. in/ fatehpur_sikri/ fatehpur. php) [6] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 255 [7] "General view of Fatehpur Sikri, from the top of the Buland Darwaza" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ g/ 019pho000001003u00524000. html). British Library. . [8] Allen, Margaret Prosser (1991). Ornament in Indian architecture (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=vyXxEX5PQH8C& pg=PA414& dq="Fatehpur+ Sikri"+ -inpublisher:icon& cd=13#v=onepage& q="Fatehpur Sikri" -inpublisher:icon& f=false). University of Delaware Press.

Fatehpur Sikri
pp.414417. ISBN0-87413-399-8. . [9] Richards, John F. (1996). The Mughal Empire (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC& pg=PA29& dq="Fatehpur+ Sikri"+ -inpublisher:icon& cd=22#v=onepage& q="Fatehpur Sikri" -inpublisher:icon& f=false). Cambridge University Press. p.52. ISBN0-521-56603-7. . [10] "Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / dsal. uchicago. edu/ reference/ gazetteer/ pager. html?objectid=DS405. 1. I34_V12_091. gif). Imperial Gazetteer of India (v. 12). Oxford. 1909. pp.8485. . [11] "Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 255/ ). . Retrieved 12 October 2012. [12] Asher, p. 52 [13] "The principal mihrab in the north aisle of the Jami Masjid, Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ t/ 019pho000001003u00586000. html). British Library. . [14] Aitken, Bill (2001). Speaking stones: world cultural heritage sites in India (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC& pg=PA68& dq="Fatehpur+ Sikri"+ -inpublisher:icon& cd=25#v=onepage& q="Fatehpur Sikri" -inpublisher:icon& f=false). Eicher Goodearth Limited. p.68. ISBN81-87780-00-2. . [15] "Agra Gate, Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ a/ 019pho000001003u00533000. html). British Library. . [16] "Monuments - Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / india. gov. in/ knowindia/ fatehpur_sikri. php). Government of India portal. . [17] "Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri 1801" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ addorimss/ b/ 019addor0001801u00000000. html). British Library. . [18] "Mausoleum of Salim Chishti, Fatehpur Sikri 1802" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ addorimss/ m/ 019addor0001802u00000000. html). British Library. . [19] "General view of the tombs of Shaikh Salim Chishti and Islam Khan, Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ g/ 019pho000001003u00620000. html). British Library. . [20] "Architecture:Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. sscnet. ucla. edu/ southasia/ Culture/ Archit/ Fateh. html). UCLA. . [21] Asher, p. 58 [22] "View looking south from the Diwan-i-Khas, Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ v/ 019pho000001003u00614000. html). British Library. . [23] "Close view of grouped columns and balustrade at the north-east angle of the Panch Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. bl. uk/ onlinegallery/ onlineex/ apac/ photocoll/ c/ 019pho000001003u00617000. html). British Library. . [24] "General Administration" (http:/ / agra. nic. in/ admn. htm). Agra district Official website. . [25] "Nayay Panchayat, Gram Sabha and Panchayat Ghar District Agra" (http:/ / agra. nic. in/ grsabha. htm). Agra district Official website. . [26] "Information and Statistics-Parliamentary Constituencies-19-Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / ceouttarpradesh. nic. in/ 019_PC_Statistics_English. aspx). Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh website. . [27] "Fatehpur Sikri" (http:/ / www. up-tourism. com/ destination/ fatehpur/ intro. htm). Uttar Pradesh Tourism, Official website. . [28] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ agrahistoricald00latgoog#page/ n9/ mode/ 1up [29] http:/ / persian. packhum. org/ persian/ main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D00701020%26ct%3D0 [30] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ ahandbookforvis00keengoog#page/ n71/ mode/ 1up [31] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ rulersofindiaakb009177mbp#page/ n7/ mode/ 2up [32] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ cu31924024120200#page/ n11/ mode/ 2up [33] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ akbaremperorofin00garb#page/ n7/ mode/ 2up [34] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ cu31924024056503#page/ n7/ mode/ 2up [35] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ guidetofatehpurs035312mbp#page/ n3/ mode/ 2up [36] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ ExploringMughalGardensAtFathpurSikri/ MughalGardens#page/ n1/ mode/ 2up [37] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ iranianInfluenceOnMedievalIndianArchitectureTheGrowthOf/ IranianIndianArchitecture#page/ n1/ mode/ 2up [38] http:/ / www. archive. org/ stream/ ReligiousDisputationAndImperialIdeologyThePurposeAndLocationOf/ Ibadatkhana#page/ n0/ mode/ 2up

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Havell, E. B. (1904). A handbook to Agra and the Taj, Sikandra, Fatehpur-Sikri and the neighbourhood (1904) (http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924024120200#page/n11/mode/2up). Longmans, Greens & Co., London. Smith, Vincent Arthur (1917). Akbar the Great Mogul, 1542-1605 (http://www.archive.org/stream/ cu31924024056503#page/n7/mode/2up). Oxford at The Clarendon Press. Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard (1992). "Age of Akbar" (http://books.google.com/books?id=3ctLNvx68hIC& pg=PA65&dq="Fatehpur+Sikri"+-inpublisher:icon&cd=20#v=onepage&q="Fatehpur Sikri" -inpublisher:icon&f=false). Architecture of Mughal India, (Part 1). Cambridge University Press. p.51. ISBN0-521-26728-5. Fatehpur Sikri, Detailed study (http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1672) Arch Net Digital Library

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External links
Fatehpur Sikri (http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_fatehpursikri.asp) at Archaeological Survey of India An interactive map of Fatehpur Sikri (http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/fatehpur/fatmap1.html)

Udaipur
UDAIPUR
White City and The City of Lakes city

City palace, Udaipur

UDAIPUR
Location of UDAIPUR in Rajasthanand India Coordinates Country State District(s) Nearest city 2435N 7341E India Rajasthan Udaipur district Ahmdabad, Kota, Jaipur, Indore

Udaipur
[1] 571,178 (2011) 242/km2 (627/sqmi) IST (UTC+05:30) 37 square kilometres (14sqmi) 600 metres (2,000ft) www.udaipur.nic.in [2]

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Population Density Time zone Area Elevation Website

Udaipur pronunciation (Rajasthani: ) (), also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is located 403 kilometres (250mi) southwest of the state capital, Jaipur, 248km (154mi) west of Kota, and 250km (155mi) northeast from Ahmedabad. Udaipur is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. The Guhils (Sisodia) clan ruled the Mewar and its capital was shifted from Chittorgarh to Udaipur after founding city of Udaipur by Maharana Uday Singh. The Mewar province became part of Rajasthan after India became independent Apart from its history, culture, and scenic locations, it is also known for its Rajput-era palaces. The Lake Palace, for instance, covers an entire island in the Pichola Lake. Many of the palaces have been converted into luxury hotels. It is often called the "Venice of the East", and is also nicknamed the "Lake City".[3][4] Lake Pichola, Fateh Sagar Lake, Udai Sagar and Swaroop Sagar in this city are considered some of the most beautiful lakes in the state.

History
Udaipur was founded in 1559 by Maharana Udai Singh II as the final capital of the erstwhile Mewar kingdom, located to the southwest of Nagda, on the Banas River, the first capital of the Mewar kingdom. Legend has it that Maharana Udai Singh II came upon a hermit while hunting in the foothills of the Aravalli Range. The hermit blessed the king and asked him to build a palace on the spot, assuring him it would be well protected. Udai Singh II consequently established a residence on the site. In 1568, the Mughal emperor Akbar captured the fort of Chittor, and Udai Singh moved the capital to the site of his residence, which became the city of Udaipur.[5] As the Mughal empire weakened, the Sisodia ranas, and later maharanas (also called the Guhilots or Suryavansh), who had always tried to oppose Mughal dominance, reasserted their independence and recaptured most of Mewar except for Chittor. Udaipur remained the capital of the state, which became a princely state of British India in Statue of Maharana Pratap of Mewar, 1818. Being a mountainous region and unsuitable for heavily armoured commemorating the Battle of Haldighati. Mughal horses, Udaipur remained safe from Mughal influence in spite of much pressure. The rajvansh of Udaipur was one of the oldest dynasty of the world. Even the Nepal kingdom and Jammu kingdom are believed to have been originated from Mewar.

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Geography and climate

Udaipur is located at 2435N 7341E.[6] It has an average elevation of 598m (1,962ft). It is located in the southern region of Rajasthan and is close to Gujarat. It has five major lakes, which are under restoration with funds provided by the National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) of the Government of India:[7] Fateh Sagar Lake Rangsagar Lake Pichola Lake Swaroopsagar Lake Dudh Talai Lake Udaisagar Lake

Udaipur Panorama from Jag Mandir Island Udaipur's autumn / winter climate is the most appealing time to pay her a visit. Tourists arrive in numbers, anytime between mid-September to late March or early April. Even in January, the coldest month, the days are bright, sunny and warm with maximum temperature around 28.3 C (82.9F). Mornings, evenings and nights are cold with minimum temperature around 11.6 C (52.9F) especially if there is a slight breeze in the air.[8]
Climate data for Udaipur Month Average high C (F) Average low C (F) Precipitation mm (inches) Jan
24.2 (75.6) 7.0 (44.6)

Feb
26.9 (80.4) 9.1 (48.4)

Mar
32.8 (91) 14.3 (57.7)

Apr

May

Jun

Jul
31.9 (89.4) 24.5 (76.1)

Aug
30.3 (86.5) 23.2 (73.8)

Sep
32.6 (90.7) 21.4 (70.5)

Oct
33.3 (91.9) 16.9 (62.4)

Nov
29.3 (84.7) 11.7 (53.1)

Dec
25.5 (77.9) 7.7 (45.9)

Year
31.8 (89.2) 17.2 (63)

37.4 39.8 37.3 (99.3) (103.6) (99.1) 20.2 (68.4) 25.0 (77) 26.1 (79)

3.5 2.0 1.2 6.6 18.2 92.7 188.8 205.1 96.2 19.1 17.2 3.6 654.3 (0.138) (0.079) (0.047) (0.26) (0.717) (3.65) (7.433) (8.075) (3.787) (0.752) (0.677) (0.142) (25.76) Source: IMD
[9]

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Tourism
Udaipur is a popular tourist destination in India. The lakes, palaces and lively workspaces and culture attract foreign and domestic visitors. It is a favourite marriage destination. Many celebrities, including film stars, business families, politicians chose Udaipur to hold marriage ceremonies and parties. City Palace, Udaipur Standing on the east bank of Lake Pichola is a massive series of palaces built at different times from 1559. The balconies of the palace provide panoramic views of the "Jag Niwas" (the Lake Palace Hotel). They also have views of Jag Mandir on one side and the city of Udaipur on the other. Its main entrance is through the triple-arched gate - the Tripolia, built in 1725. The way now leads to a series of courtyards, overlapping parations, terraces, corridors and gardens. There is a Suraj Gokhda, where the maharanas of Mewar presented themselves in the times of trouble to the people to restore confidence. The Mor-chowk (Peacock courtyard), gets its name from the mosaics in glass decorating its walls. The chini chitrashala is noteworthy while a series of wall paintings of Krishna are on display in Bhim Vilas. There are numerous other palaces such as Dilkhush mahal, Sheesh mahal, Moti mahal and Krishna vilas - in memory of a princess of striking beauty who poisoned herself to avert a bloody battle for her hand by rival princes. Now the palace contains many antique articles, paintings, decorative furniture and utensils and attracts thousands of visitors every day. The former guesthouse of the city palace, Shiv Niwas Palace and the Fateh Prakash Palace have been converted into heritage hotels. Lake Palace The Lake Palace was built in 1743-1746. It is made of marble and is situated on Jag Niwas island in Lake Pichola. It was originally built as a royal summer palace, but is now a luxury 5 Star hotel, operating under the "Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces" banner. Jag Mandir Jag Mandir is another island in Lake Pichola which is known for its garden courtyard. Shah Jahan took refuge here while revolting against his father. There is a restaurant run by the HRH group of hotels. Monsoon Palace Monsoon Palace also known as Sajjan Garh Palace The summer resort of the Maharajas is atop the hill overlooking all of the lakes. This palace had a way to collect rain water for consumption all year around. Jagdish Temple The Jagdish Temple is a large Hindu temple in the middle of Udaipur. It was built by Maharana Jagat Singh Ist in 1651 A.D. It is an example of Indo - Aryan architecture. This temple is a great example of

City palace complex

The Udaipur Palace Complex at night

City Palace

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architecture and art. The area is the main tourist place in the city. You can also find some special kind of things like rajasthani dress, paintings etc. Fateh Sagar Lake Fateh Sagar Lake is situated in the north of Lake Picholas. It was originally built by Maharana Jai Singh in the year 1678 AD, but later on reconstructed and extended by Maharana Fateh Singh after much destruction was caused by heavy rains. In 1993-1994, the water vanished from the lake, but in 2005-2006, the lake regained its water. Lake Pichola Lake Pichola has two islands, Jag Niwas and the Jag Mandir. This lake is 4km long and 3km wide, originally built by Maharana Udai Singh II. There are many ghats, like the bathing and washing ghats, which can be approached through boats from the City Palace of Udaipur (Bansi Ghat). In the heart of the lake the Lake Palace stands, which is now converted into a heritage palace hotel. The lake remains fairly shallow even during heavy rains, and gets dry easily in times of severe drought. Saheliyon-ki-Bari Sahelion ki Bari was laid for a group of forty-eight young women attendants who accompanied a princess to Udaipur as part of her dowry. The gardens set below the embankment of the Fatah Sagar Lake have lotus pools, marble pavilions and elephant-shaped fountains. These fountains are fed by the water of the lake gushing through ducts made for the purpose. Gulab Bagh and Zoo A rose garden laid out by Maharaja Sajjan Singh is situated near the palace on the east side of Lake Pichhola. A library in the garden has a collection of ancient handwritten manuscripts and books. Some of the part of the Satyarth Prakash have been written in this library. Styarth Prakash stup is situated in Gulab Bagh. Within the garden, there is a zoo with tigers, leopards, Chinkara gazelle, birds, and many wild animals. Children can enjoy mini train, track of which covers the main part of the garden and the zoo. Doodh Talai
Nehru Garden on an island in Fateh Sagar Lake Sajjangarh Palace flood-lit during late evening

Jagdish Temple

A rock and fountain garden and the sunset point from which one can enjoy the sunset view in Lake Pichhola and a panoramic view of the old city. Also one can enjoy the Aerial tramway (rope way) which connects one of the dudh talai gardens to Karni Mata temple. Bharatiya Lok Kala Mandal A museum of folk arts. It also hosts puppet shows in its auditorium. Maharana Pratap Memorial or Moti Magri

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Atop the Moti Magri or Pearl Hill, overlooking the Fatah Sagar Lake is the memorial of the Rajput hero Maharana Pratap with a bronze statue of the Maharana astride his favourite horse "Chetak".[10] Bohara Ganesh Ji This temple is situated near old railway station (Thokar) and M L S University. This is old and famous Ganesh Temple with standing statue of Shree Ganesh Ji considered very fruitful (Chamatkarik).Thousands of Bhaktas(devotees) come here every Wednesday. Nehru Garden This is a park situated in the middle of Fatah Sagar Lake. This park covers about 41 acres (170,000m2), with flower gardens and a lily pond. It was inaugurated on the birth anniversary of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. The garden overlooks the ancient Moti Mahal of Maharana Pratap and gives a view of the Aravalli hills on three sides. Bagore-ki-Haveli This is an old building built right on the waterfront of Lake Pichola at Gangori Ghat. The haveli now stages Rajasthani traditional dance and music. Ahar Museum Located about 2km east of Udaipur is a cluster of cenotaphs of the Maharanas of Mewar. There are about nineteen cenotaphs of Maharanas cremated there. One cenotaph is that Maharana Amar Singh, who reigned from 1597 to 1620. Nearby is also Ahar Museum, where on display is limited but very rare earthen pottery, as well as some sculptures and other archaeological finds. Some pieces date back to 1700 BC, and a tenth-century metal figure of Buddha is a special attraction. Shilpgram A crafts village located northwest of Udaipur, Shilpgram hosts an annual crafts fair which is one of the biggest in India; people from different states in the country have stalls showcasing their art and crafts work.[11] Neemach Mata Temple This temple is located on a green hill in the Dewali area of Udaipur. It has both stairs and an uphill slope way to climb, which is around 800 meters.Bellow this area is located new bohra colony named as Burhani Nagar,and a new Masjid is named as Burhani Masjid.This area is very peaceful,very near to Saheleion ki badi and Fateh Sagar. Udaipur Solar Observatory Asia's only solar observatory, the Udaipur Solar Observatory, is situated on an island in the middle of the Lake Fatah Sagar. Sukhadia Circle
Lake Palace

Udaipur Bathing Ghat

Jag Mandir

Sukhadia Circle at Night

Udaipur Sukhadia Circle (Square) is a large roundabout in the city's northern suburb of Panchwati, on the road to Ranakpur and Mt. Abu. The Circle is a popular recreational centre and meeting place. ZRTI - Zonal Railway Training Institute The Zonal Railway Training Institute, a premier training centre of Indian Railway and the biggest of its kind in Asia, situated amidst lush greenery in a vast area with its simple, but impressive arc shaped building and pleasant campus lay-out is in tune with the aesthetics of the City of Lakes.

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Culture
Udaipur in popular culture
Udaipur is mentioned under the spelling Oodeypore in Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book as the birthplace of Bagheera, the fictional panther in the king's Menagerie. Because of its picturesque and scenic locations, Udaipur has been the shooting location for many Hollywood and Bollywood movies. Indian sections of the James Bond film Octopussy were filmed in the city,[12] the Lake Palace, and the Monsoon Palace. The nearby desert was the backdrop of the remarkable rescue of Octopussy (Maud Adams) by Bond (Roger Moore). Some scenes from the British television series The Jewel in the Crown were filmed in Udaipur. The Disney channel film, The Cheetah Girls One World, was shot in Udaipur in January 2008. Additional non-Indian movies/TV serials filmed in Udaipur include: Darjeeling Limited, Opening Night, Heat and Dust, Indische Ring, Inside 'Octopussy', James Bond in India, Gandhi, and The Fall. Some of the bollywood movies shot here are Guide, Mera Saaya, City seen from the Palace Phool Bane Angaray, Kachche Dhagey, Mera Gaon Mera Desh, Jalmahal, Yaadein, Return of the thief of the bagdad, Eklavya: The Royal Guard, Dhamaal, Jis Des Mai Ganga Rahta Hai, Chalo Ishq Ladaaye, Fiza, Gaddaar, Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke, Khuda Gawah, Kundan, Nandini, Saajan ka Ghar. In addition, many Bollywood films' songs were filmed in Udaipur. Udaipur is also the setting of Star Plus's hit serial Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai. TV serials Swayamber of Rakhi Sawant and Swayambar of Rahul Mahajan on NDTV Imagine also filmed here at Hotel Fatehgarh. A hit historical show by Contiloe Telefilms named "Maharana Pratap" on Star Plus is shooting in that place. The pop Star Shakira performed in a party [13] on 15 November 2011 of real estate tycoon owner of DLF Kush Pal Singh.The Party was held in Jag Mandir Palace

Transport
Udaipur is well connected to the major cities of India by land, rail and air.

Air
Dabok airport, also known as Maharana Pratap Airport, is situated in a satellite town about 20 kilometres from Udaipur. Daily Indian Airlines flights connect Udaipur with Jodhpur, Jaipur, Mumbai and Delhi. There are daily flights from Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur on Jet Airways, Indian Airlines and Kingfisher Airlines. The new airport has been constructed by the Airport Authority of India and will be upgraded to international airport status by 2011.

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Rail
Udaipur City has direct trains on the broad gauge network to most of the major cities in Rajasthan and the rest of India such as Jaipur, Kota, Chittorgarh, Ajmer, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Indore, Bhopal, and Gwalior and a metre gauge network to Ahmedabad. Famous luxurious trains, The Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Maharaja Express and The Indian Maharaja make a scheduled stop in Udaipur. The popular trains connecting Udaipur with the Capital of India, Delhi are Mewar Express and Chetak Express.

Road
The city lies on the Golden Quadrilateral National Highway (NH) 8, midway between Delhi and Mumbai, located around 700 kilometres from either city. The East West Corridor which starts from Porbandar and ends at Silchar passes and is intersecting the Golden Quadrilateral and shares the common space from Udaipur to Chittor. The roads in this part of the country are paved and fit for private vehicles. One can either drive from Jaipur (around 6 hours via Chittorgarh), from Kota (3 hours - four lane highway) or Surat (9 hours), or take a Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) bus from Bikaner House, India Gate in Delhi.rajasthan roadways

Local transport
Unmetered taxis, auto rickshaws, tongas, and regular city bus services are available for Udaipur City main roads to Dabok Airport, Badi Lake, and Bedala. City bus route number 1 runs from Badgaon to Titardi via Hiran Magri and route number 2 runs from Rampura to Dabok via DelhiGate .[14]

Udaipur panorama with dried Lake Pichola

Fateh Sagar Lake

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Places nearby
Nathdwara - Shri Nathdwara (a pathway to Lord Shri Krishna) lies 48km from Udaipur and literally means the gateway to the Lord. Devotees throng the shrine in large numbers during occasions of "Janmashtmi", the day of the Lord's birth, and other festivals like Holi. It is famous for its pichwai paintings, with Shri Krishna in the centre and is recognized for profuse use of gold colour. Ranakpur - A village that is home to one of the most important Jain temples. 1400+ marble pillars support the temple. Opposite the Jain temple is the much older Sun Temple. Located in Pali District, 110km north of Udaipur. Chittorgarh- About 112km from Udaipur, Chittorgarh was the capital of Mewar from 734 AD to 1559. Chittorgarh Fort is a massive fort situated on a hilltop near Chittorgarh town in Rajasthan state in India. Haldighati - A mountain pass in Rajsamand District that hosted the battle between Rana Pratap Singh of Mewar and the Mughal emperor Akbar. Now a memorial site. Kumbhalgarh - A 15th-century fortress, built by Rana Kumbha of Mewar, with 36 kilometres of walls. Over 360 temples are within the fort. It also has a wildlife sanctuary. Located in Rajsamand District, 64km from Udaipur. The vista from the top of the palace typically extends tens of kilometers into the Aravalli hills. Mount Abu - A popular tourist hill station. Eklingji - Eklingji is a temple complexes situated nearly 22km in the north of Udaipur. It was built in 734 A.D. and consists of 108 temples chiseled out of sandstone and marbles; it is devoted to the royal family of Mewar. Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the most rugged of the Aravali in Pali, Rajsamand and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. It takes its name after the historic fort of Kumbhalgarh, which comes into view over the Park. It is 578km in area and at an altitude of 500 to 1,300 metres. It is home to a very large variety of wildlife, some of which are highly endangered species. The wildlife includes wolf, leopards, sloth bear, hyena, jackal, jungle cat, smabhar, nilgai, chaisingh (the four horned antelope), chinkara, and hare. Kankroli and Rajsamand Lake: Dwarakadish Temple, Nau Choukiya, JK Tyre factory Adinda Parshwnath:A famous jain temple of "Parshwnath ji",42 kilometre from Udaipur.It was only south faced jain temple in India. Rishabhdeo: also known as "Kesariya ji" or "Kala Baoji" Famous Jain pilgrimage center sacred to Jains and local tribals, local name is Dhulev. Jagat: known as Khajuraho of Rajasthan, famous for Jagadambeshwari Durga temple. Bambora: fort and Idana mata temple nearby. Jaisamand Lake: second biggest man-made lake in the Asia.Very picturesque and beautiful lake has many inhabitable islands. Udaisagar Lake Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary: It is said that Sita spend her exile period here in Guru Valmiki ashram, here are many places related to Sita and Luv-Kush. Sita also go into mother Earth's lap here it is near Bansi, Barisadri and Dhariyawad, famous for flying squirrel, teak forest, tiger and very big fair of Sitamata is also organized every year in May. Jakham dam is also inside this sanctuary. Baneshwar:120km from Udaipur on Banswara road near Sabla, Jakham, Som and Mahi river are merged here, every year Kumbh for Aadiwasi's in January month organised. Galiakot (Mazar-e-Seyadi Fakhruddun Shaheed) Dungarpur: Gap sagar, city palace Banswara:Mahi dam and Tripura Sundari temple Chawand -The Third Capital of Mewar and also the place where Great Maharana Pratap spent his last 21 years. Bandoli: near Chawand, Maharana Pratap's canopy is situated here Mayaro ki Gufa; Rana Pratap used to keep his arms and ammunitions here. Molela - A village near Haldi Ghati famous for its red pottery "terracota".

Udaipur Kamal Nath- near Jhadol, it is said that Ravana the demon king of Lanka worshiped here of Lord Shiva and offer his head instead of lotus flower to God. Rana Pratap also stayed here for some time after Haldighati war. Matrikundia: it is known as Prayag of Mewar, holi place near Rashmi on Banas river bank. Sanwaliaji Temple: 70km east from Udaipur famous krishna temple. Avari Mata temple: 80km in east from Udaipur Jhakham Dam: in Sita mata century Salumber: fort, pond, temples, famous for Hadi Rani's sacrifice. Charbhuja ji: at Gadbor village in Rajsamand district, one of the char-dham of Mewar, 90km in north from Udaipur. Sardar garh: fort and lotus (Kamal) shaped Alakh mandir [self-realization place of Mahatma Bhuri Bai] Laksmanpura: famous for Ram Jharokha,village of notable saint Sri Guman Singh ji, 25km east from Udaipur Nauwa: near Khemli 20km from udaipur, self -realization place for yogivirya Baoji Chatur Singh ji Mewar. Bemla: famous for Kurabadia Bheruji, beautiful land-scape, Bemleshwar mahadev, dhuni. Tidi Dam: 40km in south of Udaipur near Zawar mines Som Kagdar Dam: 65km in South of Udaipur and near Kherwara Som-Kamala-Amba Dam: near Aaspur Nandeshwar ji: 11km south-west from Udaipur on Jhadol road. Ubeshwar ji:19km west from Udaipur Mansi Wakal dam: 60km from Udaipur Keleshwar Mahadeo: 29km west of Udaipur Jhameshwar Mahadeo: 22km in south of Udaipur, mahadeo temple, Ambika mata temple, water fall and picnic spot Baghdada:Crocodile park and habitate center, 12 kn south of Udaipur Statue of Shiva: Situated at the beautiful village "Menar" between Udaipur and Chittor - 45 kms, eastern to Udaipur. This Statue is on the bank of Bhram Sagar.

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Sports
Cricket is the most popular sports in Udaipur.[15] Other popular sports include football, hockey, tennis, badminton, archery, etc. Luv Kush Indoor Stadium is generally used for the indoor sports especially Badminton and TT.[16] Mahrana Bhupal Singh Stadium is a multi purpose stadium used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports.[16] The lakes provide an opportunity for water sports. For Encouraging Sports in the city and even for encouraging International Sports in this City of Lakes.A step has been put forward by establishing Khel Gaon (village)or Maharana pratap khel Gaon in Chitrakoot Nagar. It would be committed to 12 sports presently like Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Kho-Kho, Kabaddi, Handball, Archery, Rifle shooting, Judo Karate, Boxing, Swimming, Squash. The main stadium will have the work done of about 7.53 crores. At present it would have a capacity of including 15000 visitors.

Education
Udaipur has a well-established education infrastructure. There are a number of universities, colleges and schools meeting the requirements of not only the city but the region and country as well. The main universities in Udaipur include IIM Udaipur, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Sir Padampat Singhania University and Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology. Other educational institutes include RNT Medical College, College of Technology And Engineering, Bhupal Nobles' College, J.R.N.Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Techno India NJR Institute of Technology,Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital,Cambridge Edupreneurs. Pvt. Ltd. etc.

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Media
Newspapers in Udaipur include Hindi dailies as Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhaskar, Navbharat Times, and English dailies such as The Times of India, The Economic Times, The Hindustan Times, The Hindu, etc. Online newspapers of Udaipur include UdaipurTimes [17]. The state-owned All India Radio is broadcast both on the Medium Wave and FM bands (101.9MHz) in the city. It competes with Three private local FM stations Big FM (92.7MHz), My FM (94.3MHz) by Bhaskar Group, Radio Tadka [95MHz].[18] The public broadcaster Doordarshan (Prasar Bharati) provide a regional channel besides the mainstay channels. DTH is gaining popularity over private cable operators for television viewing. The city's telephone services are provided by landline and mobile operators such as BSNL, Reliance CDMA & Reliance GSM, Airtel, MTS, Tata Docomo, Aircel, Vodafone, Idea and Tata Indicom.

Shopping Malls
Celebration Mall R.K. Mall Lakecity Mall Fun Square Mall, Durga Nursery Road Riddhi Siddhi Mall, Ayad Bridge

Cinema
PVR Cinema (4 screen) Ashoka Cineplex Picture Palace Big Cinema Inox Cinema Adlabs Cinema

Handicrafts
Udaipur is well known for handicrafts such as paintings, marble articles, silver arts, terracotta.

Demographics
According to the 2011 India census,[1] Udaipur city has a population of 571,178 making it the sixth largest city of Rajasthan. Males constitute 53 percent of the population and females 47 percent. Udaipur has an average literacy rate of 62.74 percent, the national average is 79 percent: male literacy is 75.91 percent and female literacy is 49.10 percent. 389,317 As per 2011 census Area profile of Udaipur (M CI) town of Udaipur district, Rajasthan state Number of households 78,557 Average household size (per household) 5.0 Sex ratio 958 Population(0-6Years) 499,072; Sex ratio(0-6 Year) 920 SC population 36,879; Proportion of SC (%) 9.0 ; Sex ratio (SC) 921 ST population 18,553; Proportion of ST (%) 5.0 ; Sex ratio (ST) 798 Total workers 123,560 Work participation rate (%) 32.0 Main worker 114,980 ; % of main workers 30.0

Marginal worker 8,580 ; % of marginal worker 2.0 Non worker 265,878 ; % of non workers 68.0 CL (Main+marginal) 711 ; Proportion of CL (%) 1.0

Udaipur Al (Main+marginal) 574 ; Proportion of AL (%) 0.0 HHI (Main+marginal) 6,975 ; Proportion of HHI (%) 6.0 OW (Main+marginal) 115,300 ; Proportion of OW (%) 93.0

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References
[1] "District Wise Data of Rajasthan" (http:/ / www. rajcensus. gov. in/ Prov_data/ Prov_district. pdf). censusindia. Directorate Of Census Operations Rajasthan. . Retrieved 23 March 2012. [2] http:/ / www. udaipur. nic. in [3] Davidson, Max (2008-02-02). "Udaipur: An eternal melding of the ages" (http:/ / www. telegraph. co. uk/ travel/ destinations/ asia/ india/ 738438/ Udaipur-An-eternal-melding-of-the-ages. html). The Daily Telegraph (London). . Retrieved 2010-05-26. [4] Tdil.mit.gov.in (http:/ / tdil. mit. gov. in/ e_tourism_cdac/ tourism1/ MIT_E_TOURISM_UDAIPUR. HTML) [5] Udaipur (http:/ / www. 1911encyclopedia. org/ Udaipur) Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition. [6] Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Udaipur (http:/ / www. fallingrain. com/ world/ IN/ 24/ Udaipur. html) [7] http:/ / www. worldlakes. org/ uploads/ Management_of_lakes_in_India_10Mar04. pdf Management of Lakes in Inda [8] "Udaipur - Department of Tourism, Government of Rajasthan" (http:/ / www. rajasthantourism. gov. in/ Destinations/ Udaipur). Department of Tourism, Government of Rajasthan. . Retrieved February 28, 2011. [9] http:/ / www. imd. gov. in/ section/ climate/ udaipur2. htm [10] More details are available at Maharanapratap.net (http:/ / www. maharanapratap. net), a collection of facts and figures on Maharana Pratap and his life [11] Shilpgram (http:/ / www. shilpgram. org) [12] Bondmovies.com (http:/ / www. bondmovies. com/ locations. shtml#octopussy) [13] http:/ / www. udaipurthoughts. com/ 2011/ 11/ shakira-in-udaipur/ [14] Udaipur City Bus/City Bus View (http:/ / udaipur. nic. in/ bus. jpg) [15] "Cricket styled weddings in Udaipur" (http:/ / www. sify. com/ sports/ cricket-mania-hits-mass-wedding-ceremony-in-udaipur-news-news-lc0saeehfic. html). . Retrieved March 1, 2011. [16] Stadiums in Rajasthan (http:/ / www. rajasthanonline. in/ sports/ Stadiums. aspx) [17] http:/ / www. UdaipurTimes. com [18] "FM Channels India" (http:/ / www. hindustanguide. com/ fm. asp). . Retrieved February 28, 2011.

"Udaipur State (also called Mewar)" (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager. html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_091.gif). The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 1909. p.85. Masters, Brian (1990). Maharana: the story of the rulers of Udaipur. Mapin Pub.. ISBN0-944142-28-1. Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2012). Importance of aquatic avifauna in southern Rajasthan, India. Pg. 159-183. (In: Rawat., M. & Dookia, S. (eds.) Biodiversity of Aquatic Resources, Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2012) (978-81-7035-789-6) Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2012). Aquatic Avifauna: Its Importance for Wetland conservation in Rajasthan, India. Pg. 179-190. (In: Mathur, S. M.; Shrivastava, V. K. & Purohit, R. C. (eds.) Conservation of Lakes and Water Resources Management strategies, Himanshu Publications, Udaipur, 2011) (978-81-7906-263-0) Mehra, S, Mehra, S. P. & Sharma, K. K. (2011). Aquatic avifauna of Aravalli Hills Rajasthan, India. Pp. 145-167 (In Gupta, V. K. & Verma, A. K. (eds.) Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation Vol. I, Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 2011) (ISBN: 978-81-7035-752-0) Sharma, K. K. & Mehra, S. P. (2007). Need of studies on anuran in habitats of southern Rajasthan. Frogleg 13: 12-16. Islam, M. Z. & Rahmani, A. R. (2004). Important Bird Areas of India: Priority Sites for Conservation. Indian Bird Conservation Network: Bombay Natural History Society and BirdLife International (UK). Pp. xviii + 1133. (ISBN: 019-567333-6)

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External links
Udaipur District Govt website (http://www.udaipur.nic.in/) Udaipur travel guide from Wikitravel

Qutb Minar
'

Qutub Minar

Qutub Minar in Delhi UNESCO World Heritage Site Official name Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi Type Criteria Designated Reference# Country Continent Asia Cultural (iv) 1993 (17th session) 233 [1] India

Qutub Minar pronunciation (English: The Qutub Tower; Urdu: ) also Qutb Minar, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Delhi, India.[2] The Qutub Minar is constructed with red sandstone and marble, and is the tallest minaret in India,[3] with a height of 72.5 metres (237.8ft). It contains 379 stairs and the base diameter is 14.3 metres and it narrows to 2.7 metres at the last storey. The Construction was begun by qutub-ud-din Aibak in 1192 and was completed by Iltutmish. [4][5] It is surrounded by several other ancient and medieval structures and ruins, collectively known as Qutub complex.[3][6] Tradition assigns the erection of the Pillar to Anang Pal, whose name it bears, with the date 1052 C.E.[7] Qutab Minar is the nearest station on the Delhi Metro. A picture of the minaret is also featured on the Travel Cards issued by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.

Structure of Qutub Minar

Inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan and wishing to surpass it, the first ruler of the Delhi sultanate, commenced construction of the Qutb Minar in 7890; but conical shafts, separated by balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The minar is made of fluted red sandstone covered with intricate carvings and verses from the Qur'an. Numerous inscriptions in Parso-Arabic and Nagari characters in different places of the Minar reveal the history of Qutb. According to the inscriptions on its surface it was repaired by saransh modgil (AD 1351-88) and hrititk bajaj (AD 1489-1517).

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The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, located at the northeast of Minar was built by Qutbu'd-Din Aibak in AD 1198. It is the earliest mosque built by the Delhi Sultans.[8] Later, a coffee arched screen was erected and the mosque was enlarged by Shams ud Din Iltutmish (AD 1210-35) and Allaud-din Khilji. The Iron Pillar in the courtyard bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script of the 4th century AD. According to this inscription, the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja (standard of Lord Vishnu) on the hill known as Krishnapada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra. A deep socket on the top of the ornate capital indicates that an image of Garuda was probably affixed to it. The Qutb Minar comprises several superposed flanged and cylindrical shafts, separated by balconies carried on Muqarnas corbels. The minaret is made of fluted red sandstone covered with intricate carvings ASI Plaque at Qutub Minar. and verses from the Qur'an. The Qutub Minar is itself built on the ruins of the Lal Kot, the Red Citadel in the city of Dhillika, the capital of the Tomars and the Chauhans, the last Hindu rulers of Delhi.[9] One engraving on the Qutub Minar reads, "Shri Vishwakarma prasade rachita" (Conceived with the grace of Vishwakarma.) It was used as a watch tower. The earliest extant mosque was built by the Delhi Sultans. Many historians believe that the Qutub Minar was named after the first Turkic sultan (whose descendant- Wajid Ali Shah-repaired it), Qutub-ud-din Aibak,[10] but others contend that it was named in honour of Qutubuddin Bakhtiar Kaki,[11] a saint from Transoxiana who came to live in India and was greatly venerated by Iltutmish.[12] The nearby Iron Pillar is one of the world's foremost metallurgical curiosities, standing in the famous Qutub complex. According to the traditional belief, anyone who can encircle the entire column with their arms, with their back towards the pillar, can have their wish granted. Because of the corrosive qualities of sweat the government has built a fence around it for safety. The quality of Iron is an excellence of technology. The smoothness of the pillar surface makes it rust proof. The amalgamation of different metals with Iron produces such high quality of smoothness. The minar did receive some damage because of earthquakes and lightnings on more than a couple of occasions but was reinstated and renovated by the respective rulers. During the rule of Firoz Shah, the minar's two top floors were damaged due to lightning but were repaired by Firoz Shah. In the year 1505, an earthquake struck and it was repaired by Sikandar Lodi. Later on in the year 1794, the minar faced another earthquake and it was Major Smith, an engineer who repaired the affected parts of the minar. He replaced Firoz Shah's pavilion with his own pavilion at the top. The pavilion was removed in the year 1848 by Lord Hardinge and now it can be seen between the Dak Bungalow and the Minar in the garden. The floors built by Firoz Shah can be distinguished easily as the pavilions was built of white marbles and are quite smooth as compared to other ones. Qutub Minar has a tilt of 25 inches to the southwest. This is considered to be "within safe limits", but experts have stated that the monument needs regular monitoring in case rainwater seepage further weakens the foundation.[13] Before 1981, General Public could climb the top of Qutub Minar after passing through the seven storey narrow stair case. However on 4 December 1981, an accident occurred when the electricity was gone and the staircase of the tower went into darkness. Around 45 people were died in a stampede that followed the electricity failure. At that unfortunate moment about 300-400 people were inside the tower. Most of the victims were children. In those days school children on Fridays' were allowed freely in historical monuments and a lot of school groups were taking advantage of that. Archeological Survey of India has closed the entry to stairway of the tower since then.[14]

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In popular culture
Bollywood actor and director Dev Anand wanted to shoot the song Dil Ka Bhanwar Kare Pukar from his movie Tere Ghar Ke Samne inside the Qutb Minar. However, the cameras in that era were too big to fit inside the narrow passage inside the tower, and the song was shot inside a replica of the tower instead.[15] The site served as the pitstop of leg 2 on the second season of The Amazing Race Australia, the Australian version of the Emmy-winning series The Amazing Race. This is the first Indian monument to have E-ticket facility.It is located in Delhi.

Gallery Of Qutub Minar

The Iron Pillar in Qutub Minar, c. 1905

Qutub Minar - A view from the gates.

In the Evening

A unique view of Qutub Minar

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References
[1] http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 233 [2] "WHC list" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 233). whc.unesco.org. 2009. . Retrieved 27 October 2011. [3] Singh (2010). Longman History & Civics ICSE 7 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=JcqySqnQtzwC). Pearson Education India. p.42. ISBN978-81-317-2887-1. . Retrieved 27 October 2011. [4] Qutub Minar (http:/ / india. gov. in/ knowindia/ culture_heritage. php?id=59)Govt. of India website. [5] "The fort complex was conquered and this Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) built in the year 587 AH by the Amir, the great, the glorious commander of the Army, qutub-ud-daula wad-din, the Amir-ul-umara Aibeg, the slave of the Sultan, may God strengthen his helpers! The materials of 27 idol temples, on each of which 2,000,000 Deliwal had been spent were used for this mosque. God the Great and Glorious may have mercy on that slave, every one who is in favour of the good builder prays for this faith." Epigraphia Indo Moslemica, 1911-12, p. 13. [6] "WHC list" (http:/ / whc. unesco. org/ en/ list/ 233). whc.unesco.org. 2009. . Retrieved 27 october 2011. [7] Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Houston Libraries [8] Anil Osta, Al Jvd, Tabassum Javed. "World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC& q=minar#v=snippet& q=minar& f=false). Page.14,263. Google Books. . Retrieved 2009-05-26. [9] Ali Javid, Al Jvd, Tabassum Javed (2008). World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC& q=minar#v=snippet& q=minar& f=false). Google Books. ISBN9780875864822. . Retrieved 2009-05-26. [10] "Qutub Minar - Qutab Minar Delhi, Qutub Minar India, Qutab Minar New Delhi India" (http:/ / www. iloveindia. com/ indian-monuments/ qutub-minar. html). Iloveindia.com. . Retrieved 2012-09-26. [11] When fakirs held sway (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ mp/ 2004/ 09/ 06/ stories/ 2004090600510202. htm). The Hindu; Sep 06, 2004; Metro Edition. Retrieved on 15 August 2009. [12] "Qutub Minar: Epitome of victory and grandeur" (http:/ / www. timesofindiatravel. com/ qutub-minar. html). . [13] Verma, Richi (24 January 2009). "Qutub Minar tilting due to seepage: Experts" (http:/ / articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ 2009-01-24/ india/ 28019525_1_qutub-minar-tilt-qutubuddin-aibak). The Times of India. . Retrieved 30 June 2012. [14] Special to the New York Times (1981-12-05). "NYTIMES on Qutub Stempede" (http:/ / www. nytimes. com/ 1981/ 12/ 05/ world/ around-the-world-45-killed-in-stampede-at-monument-in-india. html?scp=3& sq=qutub+ minar& st=nyt). New Delhi (India); India: Nytimes.com. . Retrieved 2012-09-26. [15] Mehul S Thakkar, Mumbai Mirror Nov 22, 2011, 10.13AM IST (2011-11-22). "30 years later, Qutub ready to face the camera - Times Of India" (http:/ / articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ 2011-11-22/ news-interviews/ 30428151_1_qutub-minar-dev-anand-filmmakers). Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. . Retrieved 2012-09-26.

'

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List of State Protected Monuments in Delhi

This is a list of New Delhi State Protected Monuments as officially reported by and available through the website of the government of NCT Delhi.[1] The monument identifier is a combination of the abbreviation of the subdivision of the list (state, ASI circle) and the numbering as published on the website of the ASI. 33 State Protected Monuments have been recognized by the Delhi government till date - the number is expected to rise until 92. Besides the State Protected Monuments, also the Monuments of National Importance in this state might be relevant. See also: List of State Protected Monuments in India for other State Protected Monuments in India List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi
SL. No. S-DL-1 Description Tomb of Muhammad Quli Khan Horse Stable Location Mehrauli Address Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai, Archaeological Park Ladha Sarai District Coordinates Image

S-DL-2

Mehrauli

S-DL-3

Mosque

Mehrauli

S-DL-4

Tomb

Mehrauli

S-DL-5

Tomb

Mehrauli

S-DL-6

Mosque

Mehrauli

S-DL-7

Tomb

Mehrauli

S-DL-8

Tomb

Mehrauli

S-DL-9

Enclosure

Mehrauli

S-DL-10 Baghichi ki Masjid, Ladha Sarai S-DL-11 Chaumachi Khans Tomb

Mehrauli

Mehrauli

S-DL-12 Tomb

Lado Sarai, DDA Park

S-DL-13 Mosque

Lado Sarai Village

S-DL-14 Tomb

Lado Sarai Village

S-DL-15 Haji Langa's Tomb

RK Puram

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122
RK Puram Sector IV

S-DL-16 Domed building

S-DL-17 Tomb of Shaikh Ziyauddin

S-DL-18 Kalu Sarai near Azad Apartment; S-DL-19 Tomb (Gumti) Humayunpur Village Sadhna Enclave

near Azad Apartment

S-DL-20 Baradari Mosque

S-DL-21 Tomb

Sadhna Enclave

S-DL-22 Munda Gumbad

Park Hauz Khas

S-DL-23 Tomb of Shaikh Usman Saiyah Khirki Village

S-DL-24 Tomb, Greater Kailash I

S-DL-25 Tomb of Sheikh Salahuddin Darwes S-DL-26 Tomb

Sheikh Sarai Village Sheikh Sarai Village Sheikh Sarai Village Badarpur

S-DL-27 Tomb and Majilis Khana

S-DL-28 Northern Gateway

S-DL-29 Central Gateway

Badarpur

S-DL-30 Southern Gateway and enclosure remains S-DL-31 Kos Minar

Badarpur

Badarpur

S-DL-32 Kos Minar, Badarpur Border (Village Tajpul) S-DL-33 Kos Minar

Badarpur

Village Kotla Mahigirim

Near Apollo Hospital

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References
[1] List of State Protected Monuments as reported by the Government of NCT Delhi (http:/ / delhi. gov. in/ wps/ wcm/ connect/ doit_shahjahanabad/ DoIT_Shahjahanabad/ Home/ Monuments+ in+ Delhi/ Heritage+ Buildings+ notified+ Till+ Date) as notified till date. Accessed in October 2012.

Flagstaff Tower
Flagstaff Tower is a one-room, castellated tower, built around 1828 as a signal tower. It is located in Kamla Nehru Ridge near the North Campus of Delhi University in Delhi.[1] It was here that many Europeans and their families sheltered on May 11, 1857, during the Siege of Delhi by the rebels at the beginning of the Indian rebellion of that year,[2][3] waiting for help to arrive from nearby Meerut. [4] Built by the British Indian Army, the building was part of the British cantonment and was used as a signal tower. Before forestation started in 1910, the area where the tower was built was the highest point on the ridge and was mostly barren, covered with low-lying shrub. Today it is a memorial and "protected monument" under Archaeological Survey of India.[2]

Flag Staff Tower.

History
Flagstaff Tower played an important role during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when Delhi was captured by the rebellious East India Company forces. On the morning of 11 May 1857, when the sepoys started hunting for and killing European personnel and Christian Indians in the Cantonment, Civil Lines and the walled city of Delhi, the survivors started fleeing towards the Tower. The women and children took shelter in the single room of the tower while the men stood guard outside. In the peak of the summer season The Flagstaff Tower, Delhi, in 1858 the room, which was 18 feet in diameter, became like an oven. As a safety measure many women were asked to go up an interior staircase. Many women fainted due to suffocation in the cramped space. However, the biggest cause of distress was not the heat, the cramped space or the lack of water. It was the suspense, which was hanging thick in the air. The news from the city was not encouraging the British soldiers were falling fast. The women were inconsolable after they got the news that their husbands, sons or brothers had been killed, or were still serving duty amidst the rebellious soldiers. For their defence the besieged had two light field guns, which stood outside the tower. These were overseen by Brigadier Graves and Charles Theodore Le Bas, a Delhi judge. Under their command were a few Indian sepoys, but it was clear that the soldiers would not follow any orders from the British officers. A few Anglo-Indian orphans, who were part of the Christian Boys Band, had been assigned muskets and were standing guard on top of the tower.

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Brigadier Graves had sent a messenger to Captain Robert Christopher Tytler ordering him to urgently join him at Flagstaff Tower. Harriet, Captain Tytlers pregnant wife, and their four-year-old son Frank was among the women and children huddled inside the Tower. A veteran of the 38th Native Infantry, Captain Tytler was at that time guarding the gunpowder magazine along with a company of 200 sepoys to the north-east of the Company cantonments. Though he knew all was not well, he was largely unaware of the extent of reverses being faced by the Company army. Arriving at Flagstaff Tower, Captain Tytler assessed the situation and soon concluded that the isolated Tower did not offer effective defence against the mutineers. The gathering of defenceless women and children in such large numbers at the spot was like preparing for a large scale massacre. He immediately discussed the matter with Harriet and Robert Tytler Brigadier Graves and urged him to order an immediate retreat. Brigadier Graves and the other men were not in favour of Captain Tytlers suggestion. Captain Robert Tytler then decided that he would rather face court martial than see his wife and child being killed. At that moment a bullock cart appeared at the foot of the slope leading up to Flagstaff Tower. Inside lay the mutilated and bloodied bodies of British Officers. The cart had been sent to the cantonment by another British officer, Major Edward Daniel Hamilton Vibart of the 54th Bengal Native Infantry. The cart lost its way and was now moving slowly up to the Tower. The already confused and nervous refugees saw it as an act of intimidation by the Indian soldiers. The incident shook them up and they decided to flee Flagstaff Tower in search of safety. There was a mad rush among the British to reach their carriages and to immediately start their journey. The Tytlers reached Karnal at ten the next morning, on 12 May. They waited all day but by evening only six of the crowd that flee Flagstaff Tower had joined them. A month later the Company army returned to capture Delhi, which was now with the sepoys. On 7 June, they faced stiff resistance from the sepoys at the Flagstaff Tower. A fierce battle followed which led to the killing and wounding of a great number of soldiers. However, by five in the evening the ridge had been recaptured and was now under British control. Soon afterwards the besieged discovered that the bullock cart, which had led to the flight from Flagstaff Tower a month back, was still standing where it had been first found near the Tower. All that remained were the victims skeletons and uniforms. [5][6]

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References
[1] "Flagstaff Tower, Old Delhi." (http:/ / www. victorianweb. org/ history/ empire/ india/ 27. html). victorianweb.org. . Retrieved 5 September 2012. [2] "DU plans a heritage walk through the Ridge" (http:/ / www. thehindu. com/ news/ cities/ Delhi/ article3761503. ece). The Hindu. August 13, 2012. . Retrieved 5 September 2012. [3] "Tales of the ridge monuments" (http:/ / www. thehindu. com/ arts/ history-and-culture/ article3696396. ece). The Hindu. July 29, 2012. . Retrieved September 5, 2012. [4] Jones, p. 203 [5] "India's first war of independence 1857 (blog)" (http:/ / indiasfirstwarofindependance1857. blogspot. in/ 2011/ 09/ flagstaff-tower-delhi-felice-beato. html). . Retrieved 5 September 2012. [6] "Delhi heritage walks (blog)" (http:/ / blog. delhiheritagewalks. com/ the-revolt-of-1857-in-delhi-a-heritage-walk-in-northern-ridge-29-jan12/ ). . Retrieved 5 September 2012.

External links
Rosie Llewellyn-Jones (2007). The Great Uprising in India, 1857-58: Untold Stories, Indian and British (http:// books.google.com/?id=rDLah61DFW4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=flagstaff+tower+delhi#v=onepage& q=flagstaff tower delhi&f=false). Boydell & Brewer. ISBN1843833042. William Dalrymple (2006). The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi 1857 (http://books.google.com/ ?id=Ln11sxANjTkC&dq=The+last+mughal). Penguin Viking. ISBN0670999253. Flagstaff Tower (http://wikimapia.org/7744185/Flagstaff-Tower) at wikimapia

Jantar Mantar (Delhi)

The Jantra Mantra (literally the 'instrument and formula' and often called the Jantar Mantar), is located in the modern city of New Delhi, Delhi. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The site is one of five built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur, from 1724 onwards, as he was given by Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah the task of revising the calendar and astronomical tables. There is plaque fixed on one of the structures in the Jantar Mantar observatory in New Delhi that was placed there in 1910 mistakenly dating the construction of the complex to the year 1710. Later research, though, suggests 1724 as the actual year of construction.

Jantar Mantar, New Delhi

The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. Some of these purposes nowadays would be classified as astronomy.

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126

Purpose of Individual Structures

There are distinct instruments within the observatory of Jantar Mantar in New Delhi: the Samrat Yantra, the Ram Yantra, the Jayaprakash, and the Mishra yantras. Samrat Yantra: The Samrat Yantra, or Supreme Instrument, is a giant triangle that is basically an equal hour sundial. It is 70 feet high, 114 feet long at the base, and 10 feet thick. It has a 128-foot-long (39m) hypotenuse that is parallel to the Earth's axis and points toward the North The Giant Observatory can be recognised as just a giant version of a spherical Pole. On either side of the triangle is a sundial. quadrant with graduations indicating hours, minutes, and seconds. At the time of the Samrat Yantra's construction, sundials already existed, but the Samrat Yantra turned the basic sundial into a precision tool for measuring declination and other related coordinates of various heavenly bodies. Jayaprakash Yantra: The Jayaprakash consists of hollowed out hemispheres with markings on their concave surfaces. Crosswires were stretched between points on their rim. From inside the Ram, an observer could align the position of a star with various markings or a window's edge. Mishra Yantra: The Mishra yantras were able to indicate when it was noon in various cities all over the world and was the only structure in the observatory not invented by Jai Singh II.

Other observatories
In all, between 1727 and 1734, Jai Singh II, built five similar observatories, Yantra Mantras, in west central India, all known by the same name, thus includes ones at Jaipur -Yantra Mantra (Jaipur), Ujjain, Mathura and Varanasi. Today the observatory is mainly a tourist attraction, and is significant in the history of astronomy.

References
Introduction (http://www.jantarmantar.org/) www.jantarmantar.org. Awake (2005). Jantar Mantar An Observatory Without Telescopes. Awake,86 (13),18-20. Jantar Mantar (http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personalisation/object. cfm?uid=019PHO000000394U00044000) British Library

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Further reading
Comprehensive report on history and instrument design at Jantar Mantar (http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/ aslaksen/gem-projects/hm/0203-1-07-jantar_mantar.pdf) Sharma, Virendra Nath (1995). Sawai Jai Singh and his astronomy (http://books.google.com/ books?id=QRA2mgZnXXMC). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81-208-1256-5. Articles on Jantar Mantar (http://www.jantarmantar.org/JmArticles.html)

External links
Jantar Mantar - The Astronomical Observatories of Jai Singh II (http://www.jantarmantar.org/) Observations on Jantar Mantar in New Delhi (http://www.josephclarke.net/?p=17) Jantar Mantar, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh's Observatory in Delhi, by Anisha Shekhar Mukherji, Ambi Knowledge Resources Private Limited,New Delhi, 2010

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

This is a list of Monuments of National Importance (ASI) as officially recognized by and available through the website of the Archeological Survey of India in the Indian union territory Delhi.[1] The monument identifier is a combination of the abbreviation of the subdivision of the list (state, ASI circle) and the numbering as published on the website of the ASI. 174 Monuments of National Importance have been recognized by the ASI in Delhi. See also: List of Monuments of National Importance in India for other Monuments of National Importance in India List of State Protected Monuments in Delhi
SL. No. N-DL-1 Description Location Address District Delhi Coordinates 283756N 771309E Monumentonmap
[2]

Image

Bastion, where a wall of Adchini Jahanpanah meets the wall of Rai Pithora fort.

N-DL-2

Ramp and gateway of Rai Pithora's Fort

Adchini

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-3

Marble Tomb reputed to be that of Newab Bahadur Jawid Khan

Aliganj

Delhi

283451N 771248E Monumentonmap

[4]

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128
Delhi

N-DL-4

Lal Bangla, c. 1780

Babarpur (Kaka at the entrance of Nagar) Delhi Golf Club

283601N 771417E Monumentonmap

[5]

N-DL-5

Khair-ul-Manzil (also: Khairul-Manazil or Khair-ul-Manajil). Built 1561 A.D.

Babarpur Near Old Fort, Bazipur Mathura Road (Kakanagar), opposite Purana Qila, Delhi

Delhi

283627N 771422E Monumentonmap

[6]

N-DL-6

Kos Minar or Mughal Mile Babarpur stone Bazipur( Kakanagar)

Delhi Zoo, Indrapat

Delhi

283609N 771444E Monumentonmap

[7]

N-DL-7

The Moti Gate of Sher Shah Suri, Delhi

Babarpur Bazipur (Kakanagar), opp. Purana Qila, Delhi

Adjacent to Khairu'l Manzil Masjid

Delhi

N-DL-8

Begampuri Masjid

Begampur, in historic Jahanpanah

Delhi

N-DL-9

Phool Chadar aqueduct near Najafgarh jhil aqueduct Lal Gumbad

Chaukri Mubarakabad Chirag Delhi in Jahanpanah

Delhi

N-DL-10

Delhi

283224N 771249E Monumentonmap

[8]

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129
Delhi

N-DL-11

Tomb of Bahlol Lodi. Built 1451 - 1488 A.D.

Chirag Delhi, in Jahanpanah

283219N 771335E Monumentonmap

[9]

N-DL-12

Ajmeri Gate

Bazar Ajmeri Gate

Delhi

283846N 771326E Monumentonmap

[10]

N-DL-13

Alipur Cemetery

Delhi-Alipur Camping group. Ferozabad (Ferozshah Kila (Feroz Shah Kotla or Vikram Nagar Colony)

Delhi

N-DL-14

Ashoka'a pillar

Delhi

283809N 771443E Monumentonmap

[11]

N-DL-15

Barakhamba Cemetery

Imperial City

Delhi

N-DL-16

Chauburji. Built 1651 1388 A.D.

Delhi ridge Chauburja Marg, near Hindu Rao Delhi Ridge Hospital

Delhi

284054N 771255E Monumentonmap

[12]

N-DL-17

Eremo Cementry

near Kishanaganj Railway Station

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-18

Delhi fort or Lal Qila (Red Red Fort Fort), Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-am, Mumtaz Mahal' Rang Mahal, Baithak,Maseu Burj, diwan-i-Khas' Moti Masjid, sawan Bhadon ,Shah Burj, Hammam with all surrounding including the gardens, paths, terraces and water courses. Built 1638 - 1648 A.D.

Delhi

283921N 771431E Monumentonmap

[13]

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130
Delhi

N-DL-19

Delhi Gate

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, Daryaganj

283828N 771425E Monumentonmap

[14]

N-DL-20

Enclosure containing the grave of Lt. Edwards and others, murdered in 1857.

North Delhi ridge near Flag Staff Tower, Civil Lines. Safdarjang Fly over, near Safdarjung Airport, Jor Bagh

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-21

Enclosure wall with Tomb of Mirza Najaf Khan

Delhi

283451N 771249E Monumentonmap

[15]

N-DL-22

Flagstaff Tower

400 yards North of Cheuburji Mosque]

Delhi ridge (Kamla Delhi Nehru Ridge Forest)

284117N 771305E Monumentonmap

[16]

N-DL-23

Jantar Mantar

Connaught Place, New Delhi

Sansad Marg

Delhi

283738N 771259E Monumentonmap

[17]

N-DL-24

Kashmiri Gate and portion Kashmiri Gate of the City Wall on either side of the Kashmiri Gate on the side and on the other upto andiincluding the water Bastions at the Northern corner of the wall and also including the dith outside the City wall where this is exposed. Kotla Ferozabad, or Feroz Shah Kotla (with the remaining walls, bastions and gateways and gardens, the old Mosque, and well and all other ruins buildings it contains. Lal Darwaza, the northern gate of the outer walls of the Delhi of Sher Shah Suri. Two furlangs Bahadur Shah east of jail and Zafar Marg three furlangs due south of S.E. Corner of Shahjahanabad, Delhi. Three furlang due south of Delhi Gate, Near Kotla Feroz Shah (Feroz Shah Kotla)

Delhi

283959N 771344E Monumentonmap

[18]

N-DL-25

Delhi

283807N 771444E Monumentonmap

[19]

N-DL-26

Delhi

283809N 771427E Monumentonmap

[20]

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131
Delhi

N-DL-27

Lothian Road Cemetery

Kashmiri Gate

283941N 771416E Monumentonmap

[21]

N-DL-28

Qudsia Mosque

Qudsia Garden (Qudsia Bagh)

Delhi

284014N 771351E Monumentonmap

[22]

N-DL-29

Mutiny Memorial

In front of Old Telegraph Building, Kashmiri Gate,

Delhi

283944N 771404E Monumentonmap

[23]

N-DL-30

Nicholson (Or Kashmiri Gate) Cemetery

Kashmiri Gate

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-31

Nicholson statue and its platform and the surrounding gardens paths and enclosure wall.

Outside Kashmiri Gate

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

132
Inside Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi Ridge Delhi

N-DL-32

Old Baoli immediately to the west of Hindu Rao's House.

On the Delhi ridge

284034N 771244E Monumentonmap

[24]

N-DL-33

The Old Entrance Gateway Qudsia Delhi of the Qudsia Garden.

Qudsia Garden

Delhi

284014N 771352E Monumentonmap

[25]

N-DL-34

The Pirghaib to the north and near Hindu Rao's House

On the Delhi ridge, Delhi

Inside Hindu Rao Hospital

Delhi

284035N 771248E Monumentonmap

[26]

N-DL-35

Portion of City wall near which Brig.Gen. John Nicholson was mortally Wounded on 14th Sept., 1857.

On the Delhi ridge

Near Kabuli Gate

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-36

The Punjabi gate in the Roshanara Bagh

Opposite Municipal Board school, Subji Mandi

Roshanara Bagh

Delhi

284025N 771206E Monumentonmap

[27]

N-DL-37

Purana Quila (Inderpat) or Delhi With all its walls Arcades, gateways and Bastions, gardens, the Mosque of Sher Shah (Kila Kohna Masjid Qila-i-Kuhna mosque). The Sher Mandala and entrances to Subterranean passages. Rajpur (Mutiny cemetery) gateway, rest now built over by residential buildings

Two miles Indrapath, Mathura Delhi south of the Road Delhi Gate of Shahjahanabad, Delhi

283634N 771436E Monumentonmap

[28]

N-DL-38

Old Rajpur Cantonment, North Distt.

opposite Maurice Nagar police station, near Patel Chest Hospital.

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

133

N-DL-39

The remaining gateways of The Post office, South of Kashmere Delhi the old 'Magazine' with Delhi Gate Post office their adjoining buildings.

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-40

Sher Shah Suri's gate with the adjoining curon walls and Bastions and the remains of the double line of structure to its front

Opposite purana Qila immediately North-east of the Khairul Manazil Mosque

Near Old Fort, Mathura Road

Delhi

283631N 771421E Monumentonmap

[29]

N-DL-41

Site of Siege battery Known as the Sammy House Battery bearing the following Inscriptions Battery , Sammy house, Major Remington Tank, RA Commanding armament 89 pounds. To command ground near Mori Bastion. Site of siege Battery with inscription. Site of siege Battery with inscription. Site of siege Battery with inscription.

300 Yards East East of the of Mutiny Hospital in police Memorial line, Police Lines

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-42

East of the Hospital in police Line Compound of Curzon House In the garden near south west entrance to Delhi Golf Club Ground Red Fort near Delhi Fort

Delhi

N-DL-43

Delhi

N-DL-44

Delhi

N-DL-45

Sunehri Masjid

Delhi

283902N 771422E Monumentonmap

[30]

N-DL-46

Tomb of Capt. Mac. Kishan Ganj Barnatt & others who fall in an attack on Kishanganj. Tomb of Ghiasuddin Khan, Tughlaqabad

Delhi

N-DL-47

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

134
Delhi

N-DL-48

Tomb of Roshanara Begum & Baradari

Roshnara Bagh, Sabzi Mandi

284025N 771201E Monumentonmap

[31]

N-DL-49

Tomb of Razia Begum Shahjahanabad (Razia Sultana) in Mohalla Bulbuli Khana

Turkman Gate, Old Delhi

Delhi

283846N 771353E Monumentonmap

[32]

N-DL-50

Tomb of Safdarjung Lodhi Road, (Mirza Muqim Mansur Ali New Delhi Khan) with all the enclosure walls, gateways, gardens and the mosque on the eastern side of the garden. Tripolia Gateways Delhi-Karnal Road

Delhi

283522N 771238E Monumentonmap

[33]

N-DL-51

Delhi

284107N 771145E Monumentonmap

[34]

N-DL-52

Uggar Sain's Baoli (Ugrasen ki Baoli)

Near Jantar Mantar (Delhi)

Hailey Road, Connought Place

Delhi

283734N 771330E Monumentonmap

[35]

N-DL-53

Tomb of Darya Khan

Kidwai Nagar East

Delhi

283420N 771300E Monumentonmap

[36]

N-DL-54

Baoli at Ghiaspur, also known as Nizamuddin Baoli

Nizamuddin West

Delhi

283531N 771431E Monumentonmap

[37]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

135
Delhi

N-DL-55

Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Chota Batasha No. 153, Ghiaspur

Nizammuddin

283546N 771459E Monumentonmap

[38]

N-DL-56

Tomb of Amir Khusro, Ghiaspur

Nizamuddin West

Delhi

283528N 771431E Monumentonmap

[39]

N-DL-57

Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Bara Batasha (Bara Batashewala) No. 151 Ghiaspur

Nizammuddin

Delhi

283546N 771502E Monumentonmap

[40]

N-DL-58

Tomb of Nizamuddin Auliya, Ghiaspur No. 197

Nizamuddin West

Delhi

283529N 771431E Monumentonmap

[41]

N-DL-59

Unknown tomb Ghiaspur 153,

Nizammuddin

Across the North Gate of the Humayun's Tomb

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

136
Delhi

N-DL-60

i. The tomb of Ferozshah ii Hauz Khas (Firuz Shah Tughlaq). Domed Building to the west of No.1 iii. Dalan between 1&2 iv. Domed Building & its court to the south of No. 3, v. Dalans and all ruined Buildings to the north of no. 1 and existing upto No.10 vi. Five Chhatris to the case of No. 1& No.5 vii. Old Gate to the north of No.6 viii. Three Chhatris to the north-west of No.7 ix. Ruined courtyard and its Dalans with the Domed building to the north-west to the No.8 x. Old wall running east from No.4 xi. 2.23 Acres of land surrounding the above monuments and bouded on the North by house of Chhange and Mehra Chand sons of Hansram and house of Uderam, son of Kusha South Ghairmunkan Resta East By village site belonging to village community house of Nots Zadar sons of Jai Singh Chhamar and field Nos. 338 & 331 belonging to Naider and others West By field no. 185 belonging to Udaram, son of Kusal Jat and field No. 186 belonging to Jagins and Sajawal Rajput, No. 195 Ghairmunkin Johar, common of Jats and Musalmans and filed no. 196, Ghairmunkin Pall. Bag-i-Alam Gumbad with a Mosque Humayunpur Deer Park, Hauz Khas

283311N 771136E Monumentonmap

[42]

N-DL-61

Delhi

283322N 771154E Monumentonmap

[43]

N-DL-62

Kali Gumti

Humayunpur (Hauz Khas)

Near Deer Park, Hauz Khas

Delhi

283324N 771130E Monumentonmap

[44]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

137
Delhi

N-DL-63

Tefewala Gumbad

Humayunpur Deer Park (Hauz Khas)

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-64

Arab Sarai

Patti, Ghiapur in Hauz Inderpat

Humayun's Tomb complex

Delhi

283526N 771450E Monumentonmap

[45]

N-DL-65

The Gate way of Arab Near Arab Sarai facing North towards Sarai Village Purana Qila

Delhi

283530N 771452E Monumentonmap

[46]

N-DL-66

The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing East towards the tomb of Humayun

Near Arab Sarai Village

Delhi

283528N 771456E Monumentonmap

[47]

N-DL-67

Remainig Gateways of Arab Sarai and of Abadi-Bagh-Buhalima

Near Arab Sarai Village

Delhi

283528N 771447E Monumentonmap

[48]

N-DL-68

Lakhar wal Gumbad (Tomb)

Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery), Near Delhi Public School

Mathura Road, Nizamuddin

Delhi

283552N 771438E Monumentonmap

[49]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

138
Near Humayun's Tomb, Nizamuddin Delhi

N-DL-69

Sunderwala Burj

Inderpat Estate (Sundernagar Nursery)

283546N 771443E Monumentonmap

[50]

N-DL-70

Sunderwala Mahal

Inderpat Estate (Sundernagar Nursery)

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-71

Bijay Mandal, neighbouring domes, buildings and dalan to north of Begumpur

In village Kalusarai (Sarvapriya Vihar), part of historic Jahanpanah Lodhi Gardens, Lodhi Road

Delhi

283230N 771222E Monumentonmap

[51]

N-DL-72

Old Lodhi Bridge (Athpula Near tomb of aka Khairpur ka Pul) with Sikander Lodi, approaches. Built 1556 Khairpur 1605 A.D.

Delhi

283547N 771322E Monumentonmap

[52]

N-DL-73

Mosque with the dalans Khairpur and courtyard and the Bara Gumbad (the domed entrance to the mosque)

Lodhi Gardens

Delhi

283535N 771313E Monumentonmap

[53]

N-DL-74

The tomb of Mohammed Shah known as Mubarak Khan- Ka-Gumbaz

Khairpur

Lodhi Gardens

Delhi

283527N 771306E Monumentonmap

[54]

N-DL-75

Tomb of Sikander Lodi Khairpur with its enclosure wall and bastions, gates & compound. Built 1494 A.D.

Lodhi Gardens, Lodhi Road

Delhi

283534N 771313E Monumentonmap

[55]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

139
Lodhi Gardens, Lodhi Road Delhi

N-DL-76

Unknown tomb with blue tiles decoration known as Shisha Gumbad

Khairpur

283537N 771313E Monumentonmap

[56]

N-DL-77

Bandi or Poti ka Gumbad III-280

Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

Delhi

283312N 771214E Monumentonmap

[57]

N-DL-78

Biran-Ka-Gumbad-282

Kharera village Green Park, Delhi between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

Delhi

283320N 771210E Monumentonmap

[58]

N-DL-79

Biwi or Dadi-ka-Gumbad-281

Kharera village Green Park, Delhi between Hauz Khas and Qutab road

Delhi

283312N 771213E Monumentonmap

[59]

N-DL-80

Chor Minar No. 289 Vol III

Kharehra (Hauz Khas Enclave)

Delhi

283251N 771220E Monumentonmap

[60]

N-DL-81

Choti Gunti

Kharehra village Green Park, Delhi

Delhi

N-DL-82

Idgah of Kharehra No. 287, Vol III

Kharehra village, Hauz Khas Enclave

north west of Chor Delhi Minar

283255N 771218E Monumentonmap

[61]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

140
Delhi

N-DL-83

Nili Mosque (Neeli Masjid)

Kharehra village, Hauz Khas Enclave

283313N 771225E Monumentonmap

[62]

N-DL-84

Sakri Gumti-284

Kharehra village

Green Park, Delhi

Delhi

283312N 771205E Monumentonmap

[63]

N-DL-85

Khirki Masjid (Khirkee Masjid)

Village Khirkee Near Saket, Delhi

Delhi

283152N 771310E Monumentonmap

[64]

N-DL-86

Satpula-III 216

Village Khirkee Opposite Select City Walk, Khirki Village

Delhi

283154N 771324E Monumentonmap

[65]

N-DL-87

Tomb of Usuf-Quttal (Yusuf Qattaal's Tomb)

At Khirkee village in field no.81 min, Property of Shamlat deh.

Delhi

N-DL-88

Jahaz Mahal

Mehrauli

Delhi

283051N 771042E Monumentonmap

[66]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

141
Delhi

N-DL-89

Hauz-i-Shamsi (Shamsid Tallab) together with platform entrance gates.

Mehrauli

283048N 771039E Monumentonmap

[67]

N-DL-90

Moti Masjid

Mehrauli

With Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki dargah complex

Delhi

283109N 771049E Monumentonmap

[68]

N-DL-91

Old Palace (Zafar Mahal) of Bahadur Shah II alias Lal Mahal in Mehrauli

Mehrauli

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-92

Bara Khamba -285

Kherera village Green Park, Delhi tombs between Hauz Khas, Qutab road

Delhi

283310N 771208E Monumentonmap

[69]

N-DL-93

The Qutab Archaeological Mehrauli area as now fenced in, including the Mosque, Iron Pillar, Minar of Qutab-din, unfinished Minar, all colonnads, screen arches, tomb of Altmash, college, buildings of Aluddin, Tomb of Imam Zamin and all carved stoens in the above area with gardens, paths and water channels, and all gateways including the Alai-Darwaza , also all graves in the above area. Built 1193 - 1245 A.D.

Delhi

283128N 771108E Monumentonmap

[70]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

142
Near Bus Depot, Mehrauli Delhi

N-DL-94

Tomb of Adham Khan (Rest House), built 1561 A.D.

Mehrauli

283123N 771055E Monumentonmap

[71]

N-DL-95

Jamali Kamali Mosque and Mehrauli Tomb of Maulana Jamali Archaeological Kamali (Jamali Kamboh). Park Built ~1526 - 1535 A.D.

Delhi

283109N 771113E Monumentonmap

[72]

N-DL-96

Wall mosque

Mehrauli

Mehrauli Archaeological Park

Delhi

283112N 771059E Monumentonmap

[73]

N-DL-97

Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort from Sohan Gate to Adam Khan's tomb including the ditch where there is an outer wall

Mehrauli Kh. No. 1783, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1772, 1773, 1798 & 1764 Near Jamali Kamali's Mosque Mehrauli Kh. No. 1754, Loddho Sarai Kh.No. 86,87 Mehrauli Lado Sarai

Delhi

283123N 771055E Monumentonmap

[71]

N-DL-98

Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort at the point where they meet together

Delhi

N-DL-99

Wall of Rai Pithora's fort including gateways and bastions

Delhi

283110N 771137E Monumentonmap

[74]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

143
Delhi

N-DL-100 Gates and walls of Mubarakpur, Kotla in village Mubarakpur

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

N-DL-101 Moti-ki-Masjid (Moth Ki Masjid)

Behind South Extension Part II.

Delhi

283345N 771304E Monumentonmap

[75]

N-DL-102 Inchla Wali Gunti

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-103 Kala Gumbad

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

Delhi

283412N 771308E Monumentonmap

[76]

N-DL-104 Tombs of Bade-Khan, and Mubarakpur Kotla, Kotla

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

Delhi

283423N 771312E Monumentonmap

[77]

N-DL-105 Tombs of Chote Khan, Mubarakpur

Kotla

Delhi

283423N 771314E Monumentonmap

[78]

N-DL-106 Tomb of Mubarak Shah in Mubarakpur, Kotla. Built 1434 A.D.

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

Kotla Mubarakpur Complex, near South Ex I

Delhi

283422N 771322E Monumentonmap

[79]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

144
Kotla Mubarakpur, Delhi South Ex (Part 1)

N-DL-107 Mosque attached to Mubarak shah Tomb

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

283420N 771320E Monumentonmap

[80]

N-DL-108 Tomb of Bhura Khan

village Mubarakpur, Kotla

Kotla Mubarakpur, Delhi South Ex (Part 1)

283420N 771315E Monumentonmap

[81]

N-DL-109 Tin Burji Walla Gumbad

Mohammed pur Near Bhikaji Cama Delhi village II, 304 Place

283358N 771118E Monumentonmap

[82]

N-DL-110 Unnamed tomb

Mohammed pur village , 305

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-111 Baoli. Built 1451 - 1526 A.D.

Munirka II. 318.

Delhi

283324N 771012E Monumentonmap

[83]

N-DL-112 Munda Gumbad

Hauz Khas

Munrika 302.

Delhi

283324N 771130E Monumentonmap

[84]

N-DL-113 Unnamed Mosque from 15th century A.D.

Munirka 314.

Delhi

283756N 771310E Monumentonmap

[3]

N-DL-114 Unnamed Tomb

Munirka 313.

Sector 5 R. K. Puram

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

145
R. K. Puram Delhi

N-DL-115 Unnamed Tomb

Munirka 315.

N-DL-116 Unnamed Tomb

Munirka 316.

Delhi

N-DL-117 Unnamed Tomb

Munirka 317.

Delhi

N-DL-118 i. Unnamed Mosque ii. Unnamed Tomb N-DL-119 Wajir pur- ki-Gumbad

Munirka 321& Munirka 322 Munirka 312. R. K. Puram, Sector 5

Delhi

Delhi

283346N 771030E Monumentonmap

[85]

N-DL-120 The Afsah-walla-ki-Masjid Nizammudin (Assarwala mosque) situated outside the west gate of Humayun's tomb with its dalans and paved court bounded on the east by Humayun's tomb on the west by Abadi Arab Sarai on the north by road and Khasra No. 252 and on the south by Abadi Arab Sarai N-DL-121 Bara Khamba (Barakhamba) outside north entrance to shrine Nizammudin

Delhi

283534N 771452E Monumentonmap

[86]

Delhi

283533N 771433E Monumentonmap

[87]

N-DL-122 Bara Pulah bridge near Nizammudin. Built 1621-1622 A.D.

South of Nizammudin

Delhi

283502N 771512E Monumentonmap

[88]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

146
Delhi

N-DL-123 Chausath Khamba and tomb of Mirza Nizammudin Aziz-ka-Kokaltash (son of Ataga Khan)

Nizammudin

283528N 771435E Monumentonmap

[89]

N-DL-124 Grave of Jahanara Begum

Nizammudin

Nizamuddin Dargah Complex

Delhi

283528N 771431E Monumentonmap

[90]

N-DL-125 Grave of Mohammed Shah Nizammudin

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-126 Grave of Mirza Jahangir

Nizammudin

Delhi

283529N 771431E Monumentonmap

[91]

N-DL-127 Humayun's tomb, its platforms, garden, enclosure walls and gateways Khasra No. 258 bounded on the east by Khasra No.180&181&244 of Miri Singh and on west by Kh. No. 268&253 on the north by Khasra No. 266, on the south by Kh No. 245 of Miri Singh & Kh. No. 248 & 249 of Sayyed Mohummad

Nizammudin

Delhi

283536N 771502E Monumentonmap

[92]

N-DL-128 Nila Gumbad outside the Nizammudin south corner of the enclosure of Humayun's tomb (Kh. No. 243) bounded on the east by Kh. No. 182, on the west by Humayun's tomb, on the north by Kh. No. 181 & on the south by Kh. No. 244 of Miri Singh

Near Nizamuddin Railway Station

Delhi

283531N 771511E Monumentonmap

[93]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

147
Traffic circle Delhi

N-DL-129 Nili Chhatri or Subz Burz.

Nizammudin East

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-130 Tomb of Afsar-wala immediately near to the south of Afsar-wala-ki-Masjid

Nizammudin

Delhi

283533N 771452E Monumentonmap

[94]

N-DL-131 Tomb of Ataga Khan

Nizamuddin West

Delhi

283529N 771432E Monumentonmap

[95]

N-DL-132 The tomb of Isa Khan Nizammudin Niyazi with its surrounding enclosure walls and turrest garden gateways and mosque (Kh. No. 281 ) bounded on the east by Arab Sarai Kh. No.236 on the west by Kh. No. 283 graveyard of Piare Lal and K.No. 283 of Bddon on the north by Kh. No. 236 of Pandit Brij Vallabh and on the south by Arab Sarai Kh. No. 238. N-DL-133 Tomb of Khan-i-Khana Nizammudin

Humayun's Tomb Complex

Delhi

283532N 771446E Monumentonmap

[96]

Near Humayun's Tomb

Delhi

283517N 771452E Monumentonmap

[97]

N-DL-134 Tomb with three domes near Rly.Station

Nizammudin

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

148
Within Teen Murti Delhi Bhavan complex, adjacent to Nehru Planetarium

N-DL-135 Sikargah Kushak-II -327 , built by Feroze Shah Tughlaq between 1321 1414 A.D.

Old Kushak Village

283612N 771153E Monumentonmap

[98]

N-DL-136 Gateways of Badli-Ki-Sarai

Village Pipalthala

Grand Trunk Road Delhi towards Karnal, near Adarsh Nagar

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-137 Tomb of Sheikh Malaviya Kaburuddin also known as Nagar Rakabwala Gumbad (Lal Gumbad) in field no.84 min. situated at Sarai Shah 31 property of Thoks Shahpur and Adhchini N-DL-138 Ruined line of walls, bastions & gateways of Siri Fort, Kh. No. 88, 265 &447 at village Shahpur Jat Shahpur Jat Asiad Village, Panchsheel Park

Delhi

283224N 771249E Monumentonmap

[99]

Delhi

283259N 771314E Monumentonmap

[100]

N-DL-139 Thana wala Shahpur Jat: Internal buildings of Siri Mehammadi wali-Kh. No. 14 Shahpur Jat Bul-Bul-Ki-Kh. No. 256 Shahpur Jat Makhdum ki Kh. No. 255 Shahpur Jat Baradari Shahpur Jat, Motiyan wala dome Shahpur Jat

Shahpur Jat

Opposite Siri Fort Road, Hauz Khas

Delhi

283249N 771231E Monumentonmap

[101]

N-DL-140 Nai-ka-kot.

Tughlaqabad Kotla

2 kms. beyond Delhi Tughlaqabad Fort on Mehrauli-Badarpur Road Delhi

283044N 771545E Monumentonmap

[102]

N-DL-141 Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. walls and bastions, gates and cause way including the tomb of Dad Khan.

M.B. Road, Tughlaqabad.

283033N 771541E Monumentonmap

[103]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

149
Delhi

N-DL-142 Tomb of Mohammed Badarpur Zail Tughlaqabadshah (also: Muhammad Tighlaq Shah)

N-DL-143 Walls of old city of Tughlaqabad. N-DL-144 Walls, gateways bastions and internal buildings of both inner and outer citadels of Tughlaqabad fort

Badarpur Zail

Delhi

Tughlaqabad.

M.B. Road

Delhi

283053N 771538E Monumentonmap

[104]

N-DL-145 Walls, gate and bastions of Tughlaqabad. Adilabad (Mohammadbad) and causeway leading there to from Tughlaqabad.

Delhi

283019N 771604E Monumentonmap

[105]

N-DL-146 Wazirabad Tomb, (Tomb of Shah Alam I)

Wazirabad

Delhi

N-DL-147 Wazirabad mosque

Wazirabad

Delhi

284242N 771341E Monumentonmap

[106]

N-DL-148 Wazirabad Bridge

Wazirabad

Delhi

284243N 771353E Monumentonmap

[107]

N-DL-149 Mound known as Jaga Bai comprise in part of surve plot no. 167

Jamia nagar

Delhi

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

150
Delhi

N-DL-150 Ashoka rock Edict

Kailash Hill, East of Kailash colony

283328N 771524E Monumentonmap

[108]

N-DL-151 Mandi Mosque

Ladho Sarai, near Mehrauli

Near Jain Dada Badi, Mehrauli

Delhi

283053N 771105E Monumentonmap

[109]

N-DL-152 Rajon-ki-Bain (Rajon Ki Baoli) with Mosque and Chhatri

Ladho Sarai

Mehrauli Delhi Archeological Park

283113N 771100E Monumentonmap

[110]

N-DL-153 Badun Gate

Ladho Sarai, Mehrauli

Delhi

N-DL-154 Gateways of Lal kot

Ladho Sarai

Delhi

283756N 771309E Monumentonmap

[2]

N-DL-155 Gateway of Rai Pithoria's fort

Ladho Sarai

Delhi

N-DL-156 Walls of Rai Pithora's fort and Jahan Panah at the point where they meet together

Hauz Rani abd Lado Sarai

Adchini

Delhi

283219N 771248E Monumentonmap

[111]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

151
near Vasant Kunj Delhi

N-DL-157 Tomb of Sultan Ghari

Nalikpur Kohi

283200N 770813E Monumentonmap

[112]

N-DL-158 Baoli known as diving wall locally known as (Candak-ki-baoli or Gandhak-ki-baoli)

Behind Mehrauli Archeological Park, Mehrauli

Delhi

283115N 771053E Monumentonmap

[113]

N-DL-159 Enclosure containing the tomb of Shah Alam Bahadur Shah, Shah Alam II and Akbar Shah II

Mehrauli / Wazirabad

within Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki dargah complex

Delhi

284239N 771345E Monumentonmap

[114]

N-DL-160 Hauz-i-Shamsi with Adjacent to central red stone pavilion Jahaz Mahal, situated at Mehrauli in Mehrauli field No. 157-81, 1586-97, 1614 &1624

Delhi

N-DL-161 Iron Pillar Hindu

Mehrauli

In the forecourt of Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque, Qutb complex

Delhi

283129N 771106E Monumentonmap

[115]

N-DL-162 Ancient Mosque

Palam

Delhi

283534N 770441E Monumentonmap

[116]

N-DL-163 Sheesh Mahal. Built 1653 A.D.

Village Hyderpur

Shalimar Garden (Shalimar Bagh)

Delhi

284312N 770915E Monumentonmap

[117]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

152
Delhi

N-DL-164 Ashokan Pillar

On the Delhi ridge near Hindu Rao Hospital

284026N 771242E Monumentonmap

[118]

N-DL-165 Sarai Shahji

Malaviya Nagar

Delhi

283230N 771222E Monumentonmap

[119]

N-DL-166 Azim Khan Tomb

Lado Sarai, Delhi-Gurgaon across Mehrauli Road Archaeological Park

Delhi

283118N 771126E Monumentonmap

[120]

N-DL-167 Mazar of Sheikh Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq

ChindBagh, Kadam Sharif, Paharganj, Delhi

Delhi

N-DL-168 Fortification Wall Asad Burj, Water gate, Delhi Gate, Lahori Gate, Jahangiri Gate, Chhatta Bazar, Baoli

Red Fort, Delhi

Delhi

N-DL-169 Fortification walls, Gates, Bastions and Ancient Buildings of Salimgarh Fort

Bela Road

Delhi

283938N 771437E Monumentonmap

[121]

N-DL-170 Portion of the City Wall of Daryaganj Shahjahanabad

Ansari Road near Kashmere Gate, Old Delhi

Delhi

283828N 771433E Monumentonmap

[122]

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

153
Delhi

N-DL-171 Sat Narain Bhawan

Delhi Sadhora Khurd, Dina Nath Marg, Roshanara Road, New Delhi.

N-DL-172 Balban Khan's Tomb & Jamali Kamali mosque

Lado Sarai, Mehrauli Delhi Mehrauli, Delhi Archeological Park Trail near Anuvrat Marg

283111N 771119E Monumentonmap

[123]

N-DL-173 Unknown Tomb in the vicinity of Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium

Pragati Vihar, New Delhi

Delhi

N-DL-174 Mazar (tomb) of Mirza Ghalib

Nizamuddin West

Near Chausath Khamba

Delhi

283529N 771435E Monumentonmap

[124]

Footnotes and references

[1] List of Monuments of National Importance as published by the Archeological Survey of India (http:/ / asi. nic. in/ asi_monu_alphalist. asp). [2] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6322,77. 2193& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [3] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6322,77. 2194& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [4] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 58078,77. 21338& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [5] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 60027,77. 23816& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [6] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6074778,77. 2393073& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [7] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 602424,77. 245417& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [8] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 539875,77. 213652& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

[9] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5387,77. 2265& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [10] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6462,77. 2239& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [11] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 635826,77. 245388& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [12] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6816,77. 2152& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [13] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 655890,77. 242016& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [14] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6411,77. 2404& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [15] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 58087,77. 21353& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [16] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6880,77. 2181& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [17] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 627172,77. 216463& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [18] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 66644,77. 22900& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [19] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 635208,77. 245546& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [20] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 635891,77. 240897& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [21] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 661439,77. 237848& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [22] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 67056,77. 23087& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [23] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 662186,77. 234479& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [24] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6760,77. 2122& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [25] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 67055,77. 23120& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [26] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 67642,77. 21324& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [27] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 67362,77. 20161& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [28] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 609531,77. 243207& spn=0.

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List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [29] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 608692,77. 239060& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [30] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6504529,77. 2394253& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [31] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6736,77. 2002& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [32] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 646234872,77. 231437754& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [33] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 589383,77. 210589& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [34] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 68533,77. 19580& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [35] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 62622484,77. 22502191& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [36] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5722,77. 2168& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [37] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5919,77. 2419& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [38] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5960,77. 2496& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [39] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5911,77. 2419& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [40] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5960,77. 2505& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [41] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5913,77. 2419& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [42] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5530,77. 1934& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [43] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5561,77. 1984& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [44] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 55658,77. 19164& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [45] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5905,77. 2472& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [46] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5916,77. 2478& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [47] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5912,77. 2488& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17

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[48] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5910,77. 2463& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [49] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59790,77. 24384& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [50] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 596127,77. 245277& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [51] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5416,77. 2060& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [52] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5964,77. 2227& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [53] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59293,77. 22016& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [54] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59094,77. 21828& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [55] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5929,77. 2203& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [56] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5937392,77. 2201724& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [57] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5534,77. 2038& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [58] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5555,77. 2028& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [59] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5534,77. 2035& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [60] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5476,77. 2055& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [61] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5485,77. 2051& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [62] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 55354,77. 20705& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [63] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 55343151,77. 20132459& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [64] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 53120,77. 21945& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [65] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 53166946,77. 22346622& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [66] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5142,77. 1784& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [67] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5134,77. 1774& spn=0.

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0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [68] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 519165,77. 180180& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [69] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5528,77. 2022& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [70] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 524468,77. 185451& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [71] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5231,77. 1820& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [72] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5193,77. 1870& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [73] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 520,77. 183& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [74] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 51957,77. 19352& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [75] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 562501,77. 217704& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [76] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5701,77. 2188& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [77] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5731,77. 2201& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [78] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5731,77. 2205& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [79] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 57267,77. 22290& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [80] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 572322,77. 222245& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [81] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5723,77. 2208& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [82] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 566101,77. 188350& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [83] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5566,77. 1701& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [84] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 556588,77. 191657& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [85] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 562756,77. 175009& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [86] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5928,77. 2478& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17

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[87] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5925,77. 2425& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [88] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5840,77. 2533& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [89] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5912,77. 2430& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [90] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5912,77. 2419& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [91] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59126,77. 24207& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [92] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59334,77. 250602& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [93] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59194,77. 25309& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [94] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5926,77. 2479& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [95] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5915,77. 2422& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [96] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5922,77. 2461& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [97] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 587997,77. 247791& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [98] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 603309,77. 198081& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [99] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5401052,77. 2136278& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [100] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5497419,77. 2205694& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [101] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 547039,77. 208491& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [102] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 512198,77. 262594& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [103] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5093,77. 2613& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [104] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 51459,77. 26046& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [105] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5054,77. 2678& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [106] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 7117609,77. 2281842& spn=0.

158

List of Monuments of National Importance in Delhi

0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [107] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 711925,77. 231378& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [108] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5579,77. 2566& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [109] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 514696,77. 184601& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [110] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 52035,77. 18342& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [111] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5385,77. 2132& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [112] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5334273,77. 1370025& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [113] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5208,77. 1815& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [114] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 7109705,77. 2292705& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [115] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5247,77. 1849& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [116] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5927,77. 0781& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [117] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 72011648,77. 15425450& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [118] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6739,77. 2118& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [119] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5415378,77. 2060586& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [120] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 5218,77. 1905& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [121] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 66052,77. 24354& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [122] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 6410420,77. 2425447& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [123] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 519714,77. 188713& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17 [124] http:/ / maps. google. com/ maps?q=http:%2F%2Ftoolserver. org%2F~erfgoed%2Fapi%2Fapi. php%3Faction%3Dsearch%26format%3Ddynamickml%26srcountry%3Din%26srlang%3Den& hl=in& ll=28. 59140,77. 24300& spn=0. 0149,0. 0422& sll=0,0& sspn=171. 3,332. 5& vpsrc=6& z=17

159

Archaeological Sites of Delhi (http://ignca.nic.in/img_0002_as_delhi.htm) IGNCA

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

160

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

For technical reasons the Agra circle has to be split in two lists. The rest of Agra circle can be found in the list of Agra circle, except Agra district.
SL. No. N-UP-A1-a Agra Fort Description Agra Location Address District Coordinates Agra Image

N-UP-A1-a

Agra Fort: Akbari Mahal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-b

Agra Fort: Anguri Bagh

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-c

Agra Fort: Baoli of the Diwan-i-Am Quadrangle.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-d

Agra Fort: Carved stone inscription dated A.D. Agra 1605 inside the Delhi gate entrance. Agra Fort: Chitor Gates. Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-e

Agra

N-UP-A1-f

Agra Fort: Diwan-i-Am or Hall of Public Audience Agra Fort: Diwan-i-Khas or Private Hall of Audience Agra Fort: Galleries beneath the Khas Mahal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-g

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-h

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-i

Agra Fort: Hon'ble John Russell Colvin's Tomb. Agra Fort: Inner Amar Singh Gate.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-j

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-k

Agra Fort: Inner Delhi Gate.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-l

Agra Fort: Jahangiri Mahal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-m

Agra Fort: Jahangir's Bath

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-n

Agra Fort: Khas Mahal or the Aramgah or private hall including the golden pavilions on each side. Agra Fort: Ladies Bazaar attached to the Nagina Masjid. Agra Fort: Machchi Bhawan or Fish House.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-o

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-p

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

161
Agra Agra

N-UP-A1-q

Agra Fort: Maharatta Building impinging on the Nagina Masjid Agra Fort: Mina Masjid

N-UP-A1-r

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-s

Agra Fort: Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-t

Agra Fort: Royal Baths

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-u

Agra Fort: Nagina Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-v

Agra Fort: Salimgarh

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-w

Agra Fort: Saman Burj with Pachisi Court and surrounding chambers. Agra Fort: Shahjahan's apartment

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-x

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-y

Agra Fort: Shish Mahal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-z

Agra Fort: Somnath Gates

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A1-aa

Agra Fort: Well (Baoli) in the Akbari Mahal.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A2

Barah Khamba together with adjoining area comprised in part of survey plot no. 150 as shown in the site plan. Chattries on the Yamuna bank to the north of Ram Bagh Chauburji, of the temporary Burial place of Emperor Babur, together with the Chabutra on which it stands. Chini-ka-Rauza including well, tank and kiosk facing the river Yamuna. City wall on the west side of Agra Gate.

Agra, Tajganj

Agra

N-UP-A3

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A4

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A5

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A6

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A7

Dakhini darwaza in Mohalla Tajganj.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A8

Firoz Khan's Tomb.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A9

Gateway at Pul Changa Modi.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A10

Gateway in the interior of Tajganj.

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

162
Agra Agra

N-UP-A11

Great Idgah.

N-UP-A12

Itimad-ud-Daulas Tomb

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A13

Inscribed tablet in a piece of the old city wall of Agra (Akbarabad) on the west side of the Mahatma Gandhi road Jami Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A14

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A15

Jhun Jhun Katora

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A16

Khans Gate

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A17

Kiosk and buildings other than the river side kiosk at or near Zohra Bagh.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A18

Mehtab Bagh on the river bank, facing the Taj. Agra

Agra

N-UP-A19

Maqbara called Kala Gumbaz between Chini-ka-Rauza and Bagh Wazir Khan. Old Delhi Gate of city.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A20

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A21

Pahlwan's Tomb near Cantonment, Gwalior Road Ram Bagh Gateways

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A22

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A23

Ram Bagh Houses, Kiosks, terraces and Katra. Agra

Agra

N-UP-A24

Rauza Diwanji Begum and Mosque

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A25

Sat Kuiya or Seven wells close by Ram Bagh on the Aligarh Road. Small Chattri on Agra-Mathura Road.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A26

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A27

Statue of Akbar's House on the Agra-Sikandara Road. Taj Mahal and grounds including the Masjid on the west side, the pavilions on the east and west sides of the grounds

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-a

Taj Mahal and grounds including the Masjid Agra on the west side, the pavilions on the east and west sides of the grounds; great south entrance gateway and great courtyard surrounded by cloisters.

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

163
Agra Agra

N-UP-A28-b

Taj Mahal and grounds: Dalans round Taj Quadrangle Taj Mahal and grounds: Drinking fountain in the west enclosure wall of the Taj Garden. Taj Mahal and grounds: Entrance Gateway of Khan-i-Alam Bagh Taj Mahal and grounds: Fatehpur Masjid

N-UP-A28-c

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-e

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-f

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-g

Taj Mahal and grounds: Kali Masjid and enclosure wall. Taj Mahal and grounds: Khan-i-Alam Bagh together with the new tank near the Taj Mahal Taj Mahal and grounds: Old Mughal Aqueduct. Taj Mahal and grounds: Sahelion-ka-Gumbaz No.1 Taj Mahal and grounds: Sahelion-ka-Gumbaz No.2 Taj Mahal and grounds: Sahelion-ka-Gumbaz No.3 Taj Mahal and grounds: Sahelion-ka-Gumbaz No.4 Taj Mahal and grounds: Sirhi Darwaja facing the inner entrance gate of the Taj. Taj Mahal and grounds: Tank near the Fatehpur Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-h

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-i

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-j

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-k

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-l

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-m

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-n

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-o

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A28-p

Taj Mahal and grounds: Well at the Taj garden Agra

Agra

N-UP-A29

Tank Pahlwan near Cantonment, Gwalior road. Agra

Agra

N-UP-A30

Two Gateways of early Mughal date at the northeast and northwest corner of Rambagh. Well and flight of steps in the Charbagh.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A31

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A32

Zohra Bagh and River side Kiosk.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A33

Kos Minar

Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Road,Mile 09,Furlong 04 Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Road, Mile 11, Fag 01

Agra

N-UP-A34

Kos Minar

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

164
Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Road, Mile12,Furlong 07 Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Road, Mile 15, Furlong 02 Agra-Fatehpur Sikri Road, Mile 04, Furlong 03 Agra-Mathura Road, Mile 06, Furlong 07 Agra-Mathura Road, Mile-09, Furlong 04 Agra-Mathura Road, Mile-126, Furlong 01 Bagh Rajpur Agra

N-UP-A35

Kos Minar

N-UP-A36

Kos Minar

Agra

N-UP-A37

Kos Minar

Agra

N-UP-A38

Kos Minar

Agra

N-UP-A39

Kos Minar

Agra

N-UP-A40

Kos Minar

Agra

N-UP-A41

Tomb of Mahabat Khan's Daughter.

Agra

N-UP-A42

Chattrie making the site of the Empress Jodhbai's Tomb. Double storied Mughal pavilion called Hajeera. The village known as Burhia-ka-Tal.

Bhogipura

Agra

N-UP-A43

Burhia-ka-Tal

Agra

N-UP-A44

Burhia-ka-Tal

Agra

N-UP-A45-a

Fatehpur Sikri (Jama Masjid)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-b

Abul Faizis House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-c

Abul Faizi's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-d

Agra Gate.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-e

Ajmer Gate.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-f

Ankh Michauli and vaults beneath.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-g

Archways partly supporting platform by the water work and in front of covered way leading from Jodhbai's Palace towards the Hiran Minar. Astrologer's Seat & vaults beneath

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-h

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

165
Agra Agra

N-UP-A45-i

Baha-ud-Din's Tomb.

N-UP-A45-j

Buland Darwaza of the Jami Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-k

Baoli on the north side of Agra road below Hakim's Bath. Baradari near Kush Mahal.

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-l

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-m

Baradari near Naubat Khana

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-n

Baradari near Tehra Darwaza

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-o

Birbal's Gate

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-p

Building commonly called Baiju-ka-Makan

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-q

Chandanpol Gate

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-r

Chor Darwaza

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-s

City Walls

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-t

Cloisters in front of the hammam by the gate leading into the Diwani-i-Am courtyard. Daftarkhana (Old Dak Bungalow)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-u

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-v

Dalan (attached to Mariam's House)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-w

Darogha's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-x

Delhi Gate

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-y

Diving well

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-z

Diwan-i-Khas with cloisters

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-aa

Domed Baths

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ab

Domed Gateway on the stone ridge by the Agra Gate

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

166
Agra Agra

N-UP-A45-ac

Elephant Gate or Hathi Pol

N-UP-A45-ad

Girl's School

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ae

Guard House attached to Jodh Bai's Palace

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-af

Guard House (attached to Mariam's House)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ag

Guard House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ah

Guard House at the foot of the ridge by Agra gate Gwalior Gate

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ai

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-aj

Hakim's Bath

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ak

Hakim's (Doctor's ) house

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-al

Hamamm, southeast of Buland Darwaza

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-am Hamamm, in front of the Buland Darwaza

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-an

Hammam(attached to Jodh Bai's Palace)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ao

Hammam, No. 2

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ap

Hammam, No. 3

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-aq

Hammam outside Abul Fazl's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ar

Hawa Mahal (Jodh Bai's Palace)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-as

Hiran Minar

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-at

Horse stables,Camel stables &Hammam

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-au

Hospital at the corner of Birbal's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-av

Hospital and latrine

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

167
Agra Agra

N-UP-A45-aw Jami Masjid (Dargah)

N-UP-A45-ax

Jodh Bai's Palace

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ay

Karwan buidings above the Karwan Sarai

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-az

Karwan Sarai

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ba

Khanqah

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bb Khanqah attached to Dargah Jami Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bc

Khas Mahal cloisters

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bd Khatai Khana

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-be

Khush Mahal or "Hada Mahal"

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bf

Khwabagh (Khas-Mahal)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bg King's Gate of the Jami Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bh Kitchen (attached to Mariam's Houses

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bi

Lal Darwaza

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bj

Mariam's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bk Mint

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bl

Nagina Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bm North Gate commonly known as Zanana Rauza Agra of the Jami Masjid N-UP-A45-bn Octagonal Baoli Agra

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bo Pachisi Court with Dalans

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bp Panch Mahal

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

168
Agra Agra

N-UP-A45-bq Pigeon house

N-UP-A45-br

Poor house on the southeast angle of Jami Masjid Ranges of building between Diwan-i-Am and the Treasury including a Hammam Poor house (attached to Nagina Masjid)

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bs

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bt

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bu Rang Mahal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bv Ruined Bath, east of the Octagonal Baol

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bw Salim Chishti's Tomb

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bx Samosa Mahal, north of Abul Fazl's House

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-by Sangin Burj

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-bz

Small Baths, north of Abul Fazl's house

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ca

Small Masjid attached to Baha-ud-din's Tomb

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cb

Small Masjid between Delhi Gate & Lal Darwaza Stone Cutter's Masjid

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cc

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cd

Sukh Tal

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ce

Sweet Tank at the back of Diwan-i-Khas

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cf

Tomb of Islam Khan

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cg

Treasury and Naubat Khana

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ch

Turkish Sultana's House and Hammam

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-ci

Viaduct across the road leading to Bharatpur

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A45-cj

Viaduct across the road leading to Bharatpur

Agra

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

169
Agra Agra

N-UP-A45-ck

Viaduct across the road leading to Bharatpur

N-UP-A45-cl

Well by Hiran Minar

Agra

Agra

N-UP-A46

Tomb of Sadiq Khan

Gelana

Agra

N-UP-A47

Tomb of Salabat Khan

Gelana

Agra

N-UP-A48

Dhakri-ka-Mahal

Gopalpura

Agra

N-UP-A49

Jami Masjid

Itimadpur

Agra

N-UP-A50

Jagner Fort including the Gwal Baba Temple Jagner with the Stairway leading there to and the baoli outside and below tha main gate on the hill of Jagner. Two gateways and the Mosque in the Jajau Sarai. Humayun Masjid Jajau

Agra

N-UP-A51

Agra

N-UP-A52

Kachhpura

Agra

N-UP-A53

Bara Khamba

Kagarol

Agra

N-UP-A54

Guru-ka-Tal

Kakretha

Agra

N-UP-A55

Fifty-two bullock well

Khawaspur

Agra

N-UP-A56

Kamal Khan's Dargah

Khawaspur

Agra

N-UP-A57

Old Tila and Tasu Tila

Khawaspur

Agra

N-UP-A58

Roman Catholic Cemetery with all its tombs, Boundary Walls, gateways and gardens Mass of rubble and concrete said to contain tombs of Ladli Begum and her two brothers Faizi and Abul Fazl Itibari Khan's Mosque

Lashkarpur and Sadi-ka-Nagla Mau

Agra

N-UP-A59

Agra

N-UP-A60

Near Sikandara

Agra

N-UP-A61

Jaswant Singh-ki-Chattri

Rajwara

Agra

N-UP-A62

Tomb of Sheikh Ibrahim (Nephew of Salim Chishti) Akbar's Tomb, gateway and walls round the ground.

Rasulpur

Agra

N-UP-A63

Sikandara

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra district

170
Sikandara Agra

N-UP-A64

Dalans on the east and south sides of the great south gate and domed structure on the west side of the same gate. Kanch Mahal, at the southeast corner of Akbar's Tomb Mariam's Tomb

N-UP-A65

Sikandara

Agra

N-UP-A66

Sikandara

Agra

N-UP-A67

Small mosque situated in the Church Missionary Society's compound

Sikandara

Agra

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

For technical reasons the Agra circle has to be split in two lists. The rest of Agra circle can be found in the list of Agra district.
SL. No. N-UP-A68 Description Monuments in the memory of Captain Ronald Cameron and other soldiers. Monument in memory of the brave men who fell at the hour of victory. Three Mounds Location Aligar Address District Aligarh Coordinates Image

N-UP-A69

Gangiri

Aligarh

N-UP-A70

Gorai Dhana, Iglas,

Aligarh

N-UP-A71

Masjid

Pilkhana

Aligarh

N-UP-A72

Khera Mound

Bajera Khera

Aligarh

N-UP-A73

Smaller Mound

Bajera Khera

Aligarh

N-UP-A74

Nagaria Khera

Shahgarh Khera, Shahgarh Shahgarh Khera, Shahgarh Shahgarh Khera, Shahgarh Sankara

Aligarh

N-UP-A75

Old Garhi or Mud Fort

Aligarh

N-UP-A76

Sahegarh Khera

Aligarh

N-UP-A77

Ancient site consisting of the remains of an ancient fort and an extensive Khera

Aligarh

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

171
Aligarh

N-UP-A78

High isolated conical shaped mound

Sankara

N-UP-A79

Mound, part of which appears Sankara to be the remains of a Buddhist stupa or a temple Monument near Old Fort Tappal

Aligarh

N-UP-A80

Aligarh

N-UP-A81

Tomb of Thomson Simpson

Tappal

Aligarh

N-UP-A82

Kos Minar in field no.194/1/(191/1) Kos Minar in field no. 215-1

Jarhaulia

Auraiya

N-UP-A83

Paighambarpur

Auraiya

N-UP-A84

Kos Minar in field no.127

Bhagautipur

Auraiya

N-UP-A85

Gateway

Ajitma

Auraiya

N-UP-A86

Kos Minar in field no.684 and 685, Panhar Ancient mound at Kasuri

Salempur alias Sale under Revenue Mauza, Panhar Bamnauli

Auraiya

N-UP-A87

Baghpat

N-UP-A88

Mound known as Parasu Ram ka Khera Mound known as Lakha Mandap Begum's Masjid jor three lofty domes

Alamgirpur

Baghpat

N-UP-A89

Barnawa

Baghpat

N-UP-A90

Aonla

Bareilly

N-UP-A91

Tomb of Hafiz-ul-Mulk Bareilly, Bakar Ganj Rahmet Khan, the Rohila Chief Tomb of Hermit Shah Dana Bareilly, BakarGanj

Bareilly

N-UP-A92

Bareilly

N-UP-A93

Large obelisk of red sandstone

Fateh Ganj

Bareilly

N-UP-A94

Several ancients ruined mounds Pachomi or in which Indo-Scythian coins Wahidpur Pachaumi are found.

Bareily

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

172
Bareilly

N-UP-A95

Ancient Site

Ramnagar, Alampur Kot Ramnagar

N-UP-A96

Fort

Bareily

N-UP-A97

Mound called Chikatia Khera

Ramnagar

Bareilly

N-UP-A98

Mound to the south of the tans Ramnagar known as of the Gandhan Sagar and Adisagar Small hillock called Katari Khera or Kottari Khera Ramnagar

Bareilly

N-UP-A99

Bareilly

N-UP-A100 Stupa mound

Ramnagar

Bareilly

N-UP-A101 Two Buddhist mounds close to Ramnagar the Konwaru Tal N-UP-A102 Site near Aonla railway station Rehtoia

Bareilly

Bareilly

N-UP-A103 Mordhaj also known as Chandanpura Munawar Jar with lofty mound N-UP-A104 Fort Chandpur

Bijnor

Bijnor

N-UP-A105 Mosque

Chandpur

Bijnor

N-UP-A106 Old British Cemetery

Daranagar

Bijnor

N-UP-A107 Ancient Site

Daulatabad

Bijnor

N-UP-A108 Tomb or Nawab Shujat Khan

Jahanabad

Bijnor

N-UP-A109 Jami Masjid

Mandawar

Bijnor

N-UP-A110 Well

Mandawar

Bijnor

N-UP-A111 Old Pathan Fort

Nagina

Bijnor

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

173
Bijnor

N-UP-A112 Cemetery of Nawab Najib-ud-Daula N-UP-A113 Pathargarh Fort

Najibabad

Najibabad

Bijnor

N-UP-A114 Portion of the old Palace

Najibabad

Bijnor

N-UP-A115 Tomb of Nawab Najib-ud-Daula N-UP-A116 Mound (Kushan king Vasudeva) N-UP-A117 Dargah of Imadul Mulk alias Pisan Hari-ka-Gumbaz dated A.H. 896 N-UP-A118 Jami Masjid

Najibabad

Bijnor

Tip

Bijnor

Budaun

Budaun

Budaun

Budaun

N-UP-A119 Tomb, Mohalla Behrampur, Tomb of Ikhlas Khan N-UP-A120 Tomb of Makhduman Jahan, the mother of Alaudin Alam N-UP-A121 Several large tumuli (Kheras) in and about Ahar. N-UP-A122 Ruins of an old temple known as Chandrani-ka-Mandir N-UP-A123 Balai Kot or Upper Fort

Budaun

Budaun

Budaun

Budaun

Ahar

Bulandshahr

Chandok

Bulandshahr

Bulandshahr

Bulandshahr

N-UP-A124 Large mound known as Moti Bazaar N-UP-A125 Two cemeteries

Bulandshahr

Bulandshahr

Bulandshahr

Bulandshahr

N-UP-A126 Masonry tank and ancient temple N-UP-A127 Ahirpura mound or lesser temple mound N-UP-A128 Kundanpura mound or the great temple mound

Dankaur

Bulandshahr

Indor

Bulandshahr

Indor

Bulandshahr

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

174
Bulandshahr

N-UP-A129 Lofty mound with a small village perched on the east northeastern side of it. N-UP-A130 Khera or mound called Talapatnagari or Myaji Khera N-UP-A131 Large Mound

Indor

Shikarpur

Bulandshahr

Atranjikhera

Etah

N-UP-A132 Khera Basundara

Basundra

Etah

N-UP-A133 Large mound dividing the village into two distinct portions known as Bilsar Pachiya and Bilsar Purva. N-UP-A134 Mound containing ancient relics of the Gupta period. N-UP-A135 Tombs of Colonel Gardener and his Begum N-UP-A136 Remains of an old temple

Bilsar

Etah

Bilsar

Etah

Chaoni

Etah

Malawan

Etah

N-UP-A137 Two Mounds together with a statue, ancient sculptures and other antiquarian remains. N-UP-A138 Fort

Noh Khas and Khera Noh Sakit

Etah

Etah

N-UP-A139 Ruined Mosque in the old Fort

Sakit

Etah

N-UP-A140 Extensive Khera

Sarai Aghat

Etah

N-UP-A141 Sita Ramji's temple

Soron

Etah

N-UP-A142 Remains of an old Fort

Asai Khera

Etawah

N-UP-A143 Ancient fortress and site

Chakra Naga

Etawah

N-UP-A144 Gateway

Ekdil

Etawah

N-UP-A145 Jami Masjid with its appurtenances

Etawah

Etawah

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

175
Farrukhabad

N-UP-A146 Closed cemetery at all Souls Memorial Church N-UP-A147 Closed cemetery at Fort

Fatehgarh

Fatehgarh

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A148 Closed cemetery at British Infantry lines N-UP-A149 Tomb of Surgeon Thomas Hamilton N-UP-A150 Queen Victoria Memorial

Fatehgarh

Farrukhabad

Fatehgarh

Farrukhabad

Fatehgarh

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A151 Most easterly mound of the isolated tilas N-UP-A152 Tomb of Major Robertson (now Auraiya District, hence Lucknow Circle) N-UP-A153 Mosque and Saraia

Kampil

Farrukhabad

Karhar

Farrukhabad

Khudaganj

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A154 Stone and its enclosure Khudaganj marking the place where the late Field Marshall Earl Roberts, P.C.K.G.etc. earned his Victoria Cross at the battle of Kali Nadi in 1857 situated in grave. N-UP-A155 Site of an old Buddhist Vihara, Pakhnabihar Extensive mound N-UP-A156 Extensive Mound Pilkhana

Farrukhabad

Farrukhabad

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A157 Tomb of Nawab Rashid Khan

Maurshida-bad

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A158 Ancient Site

Sankissa

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A159 Tank of Naga called Karevar or Sankissa Kandayat Tal N-UP-A160 Tomb of Lt. Col. John Guthrie in the mud fort Thatia

Farrukhabad

Farrukhabad

N-UP-A161 Tomb of Mohd. Khan Bangash Farrukhabad Nawab

Farrukhabad

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

176
Firozabad

N-UP-A162 Tomb of Fariduddin alias Main Shekupur Garhi, Fiddu Rapri, Shikhohabad N-UP-A163 Tomb of Nasiruddin Shekupur Garhi, Rapri, Shikhohabad Rapri, Shikhohabad

Firozabad

N-UP-A164 Tomb of Nizammuddin

Firozabad

N-UP-A165 Idgah

Rapri, Shikhohabad

Firozabad

N-UP-A166 Archaeological Site & Remains Gulistanpur comprised in Survey Plot Nos. 736, 738/2, 738/3 & parts of Survey Plot Nos. 737, 738 / 1 and 738 / 1 and 738 / 4 as shown in the site plan N-UP-A167 Raja Karan ka khera Paragana put, Mustafabad, Hathras

Ghaziabad

Ghaziabad

N-UP-A168 Monument near Kilah railway station N-UP-A169 Remains of an old Hindu temple inside the Dayaram's fort N-UP-A170 Small circular mound

Hathras

Hathras

Hathras

Lakhnu

Hathras

N-UP-A171 Mound

Lakhnu

Hathras

N-UP-A172 Monument of Major Robert Naim N-UP-A173 Monument in the memory of Samuel Anderson Nichterlein N-UP-A174 Mound known as Gohana Khera N-UP-A175 Well or Baoli known as Bah-ka-Kuan N-UP-A176 Talib Khan's Tomb

Pipalgaon

Hathras

Sasni

Hathras

Sasni

Hathras

Amroha

Jyotibha Phule Nagar Jyotibha Phule Nagar Jyotibha Phule Nagar

Azampur

N-UP-A177 Tomb of Abdul Ghafur Shah

Azampur

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

177
Jyotibha Phule Nagar Kannauj

N-UP-A178 Tomb of the grand son of Abdul Ghafur Shah and Mosque N-UP-A179 Unknown Tomb

Azampur

Chaudhariapur

N-UP-A180 Tomb of Sergeant, instructor of Gursahaiganj Musketry James Norfolk N-UP-A181 Bala Pir Tomb Kannauj

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A182 Big Mosque

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A183 Kachhiriwala tomb

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A184 Mosque and the tomb of Makhdum Jahanian N-UP-A185 Mound known as Old Fort

Kannauj

Kannauj

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A186 Outer gateway

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A187 Small mosque west of Bala Pir

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A188 Small inner gateway

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A189 Tomb of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi N-UP-A190 Zanana Gumbad

Kannauj

Kannauj

Kannauj

Kannauj

N-UP-A191 Closed cemetery

Mainpur

Mainpuri

N-UP-A192 Ancient site

Bajna

Mathura

N-UP-A193 Pillar with Sanskrit inscription dated samvat 1666 in the flanking tower at the Bhanakaur tank N-UP-A194 Mound (Barse ka Tila)

Barsana

Mathura

Bhadar

Mathura

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

178
Mathura

N-UP-A195 Temple of Govind Dev

Brindaban

N-UP-A196 Temple of Jugal Kishore

Brindaban

Mathura

N-UP-A197 Temple of Madan Mohan

Brindaban

Mathura

N-UP-A198 Temple of Radha Ballabh

Brindaban

Mathura

N-UP-A199 Akbari Sarai

Chhatta

Mathura

N-UP-A200 Kos Minar, Mile 19 Furlong 1

Chhatta

Mathura

N-UP-A201 Kos Minar, Mile 24 Furlong 3

Chhatta

Mathura

N-UP-A202 Kos Minar, Mile 26 Furlong 7

Chhatta

Mathura

N-UP-A203 Kos Minar, Mile 29 Furlong 4

Chhatta

Mathura

N-UP-A204 Two mounds, the second Ganesra mound is known as Singer Tila N-UP-A205 Kos Minar Gohari

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A206 Mound

Jaisinghpura

Mathura

N-UP-A207 Fortified Sarai with all its walls Kosi and gateways N-UP-A208 Small mound locally known as Chavar N-UP-A209 Mound Kosi

Mathura

Mathura

Kota

Mathura

N-UP-A210 Mound marking the Old Fort

Mahaban

Mathura

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179
Mathura

N-UP-A211 Ancient Site containing fragments of images N-UP-A212 Ancient sculptures, carvings, images, bas-reliefs, inscriptions, stones and like objects N-UP-A213 Gayatri mound

Mat

Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A214 Girdharpur mound

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A215 Gopal Khera

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A216 Kankali tila, Jain and Chaubara Mathura Mound N-UP-A217 Kos Minar on the circular road Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A218 Palikhera Mound

Mathura

Mathura

N-UP-A219 Portions of Katra Mound which Mathura are not in the possession of Nazul tenants on which formerly stood a temple of Kehsavadeva which was dismantled and the site utilised for the mosque of Aurangzeb N-UP-A220 Sati Burz, supposed to commemorate the Sati of the widow of Raja Biharmal of Jaipur erected by her son Raja Bhagwandas in A.D. 1570 N-UP-A221 Site of ancient Pokhar (Pushkarini) N-UP-A222 Ahalyaganj Mound Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

Mathura

Mathura-Brindaban road Mathura-Brindaban road Mathura-Delhi road

Mathura

N-UP-A223 Chamunda Tila

Mathura

N-UP-A224 Kos Minar, Mile 3, Furlong 5.175 from the boundary N-UP-A225 Kos Minar, Mile 11, Furlong 5 (west of Chamah village)

Mathura

Mathura-Delhi road

Mathura

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

180
Mathura

N-UP-A226 Kos Minar, opposite to mile 13, Mathura-Delhi road Furlong 1 from road N-UP-A227 Kos Minar, Mile 116, 400 yards from road N-UP-A228 Kos Minar in the beginning of Dig road N-UP-A229 Ancient Site Mathura-Delhi road

Mathura

Mathura-Dig road

Mathura

Mora

Mathura

N-UP-A230 Extensive site containing a high mound apparently a fort with ramparts and corner turrets N-UP-A231 Mound

Shahpur Ghosana

Mathura

Sonauth Janubi

Mathura

N-UP-A232 Ancient Mound

Adinga

Mathura

N-UP-A233 Ancient Mound (Hathi Tila ) near Kishori Raman college N-UP-A234 Cemetery at the junction of Meerut - Delhi Road N-UP-A235 Mound known as Ulta Khera and the mound or Raghunathji N-UP-A236 Andhra Court, a high brick fortress supposed to have been built by Mahi N-UP-A237 Cemetery of the Meerut racecourse N-UP-A238 Tomb of Shah Peer

Kesopur Menoharpur

Mathura

At the junction of Meerut-Delhi road Hastinapur

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

Meerut

N-UP-A239 Begum's Palace

Sardhana

Meerut

N-UP-A240 Roman Catholic Church

Sardhana

Meerut

N-UP-A241 Tombs or Sardhana Cemetery

Sardhana

Meerut

N-UP-A242 Two mounds (Kheras) named Khorkali and Jalapar

Servara

Meerut

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

181
Moradabad

N-UP-A243 Amarpati Khera

Alipur

N-UP-A244 Chandesvara Khera

Bemi

Moradabad

N-UP-A245 Khera or Mound reputed to be the ruin or a palace Raja Vena N-UP-A246 Large mound, the site of an ancient temple N-UP-A247 Old Fort and its relics

Berni

Moradabad

Bherabharatpur

Moradabad

Firozpur

Moradabad

N-UP-A248 Ancient Mound

Gumthal Khera

Moradabad

N-UP-A249 Large Mound

Karvar

Moradabad

N-UP-A250 Jami Masjid

Sambhal

Moradabad

N-UP-A251 Mound

Sarthal Khera

Moradabad

N-UP-A252 Gateway of Karwan Sarai

Sondhan Muhammadpur Sondhan Muhammadpur Jinhana

Moradabad

N-UP-A253 Mosque of Karwan Sarai

Moradabad

N-UP-A254 Mosque and Tomb of Shah Abdul Razak and his four sons N-UP-A255 Octagonal Wall

Muzaffar nagar Muzaffar nagar Muzaffar nagar Muzaffar nagar Muzaffar nagar Muzaffar nagar

Majhera

N-UP-A256 Tomb of Diwan Saiyed Mohammad Khan N-UP-A257 Tomb Saiyed Hussain also called Sayed Chajju Khan N-UP-A258 Tomb of Saiyed Umar Nur Khan N-UP-A259 Tomb of Saiyed Saif Khan and his mother

Majhera

Majhera

Majhera

Majhera

List of Monuments of National Importance in Agra circle

182
Pilibhit

N-UP-A260 Jami Masjid

Pilibhit

N-UP-A261 Badshahi Bagh locally known as Badshahi Mahal N-UP-A262 Khera ki Bandi, Old Cemetery

Badshahi Mahal

Saharanpur

Lodhipur

Saharanpur

N-UP-A263 Old British Cemetery, Khata Khedi N-UP-A264 Old British Cemetery, Saharanpur City

Saharanpur

Saharanpur

Saharanpur

Saharanpur

List of palaces in Rajasthan

The Indian state of Rajasthan is famous for historic havelis, forts and palaces. Some of these are: Alsisar Haveli, Jaipur. Former residence of Shekhawat thakur (landed noble), today a hotel. Amber Palace (Amber Fort). Former royal residence, Jaipur. Bansi Garh, Chittorgarh. Current residence of the Shaktawat rawats of Bansi. Bhanwar Niwas, Bikaner. Historic haveli, now a hotel. Castle Mandawa, Mandawa (Jhunjhunu district in Shekhavati). Former residence of Shekhawat thakurs (landed noble) of Mandawa, today a hotel. Bhinder Garh, Chittorgarh. Current residence of the Shaktawat rawats of Bhinder. City Palace, Jaipur. Seat of the Maharaja of Jaipur. Now a museum. City Palace, Udaipur. Seat of the Maharana of Udaipur. Now a museum. Deogarh Mahal, Deogarh Madaria. Former residence of the rawat (landed noble) of Deogarh, today a hotel. Devigarh, Delwara, now a heritage hotel. Fateh Prakash Palace, Udaipur. Part of the city palace complex, now a hotel. Fort Delwara. Former royal residence located 30 km north east of Udaipur. Now the Devi Garh Fort Palace hotel.

Hawa Mahal in Jaipur

Junagarh Fort and Palace, Bikaner. Seat of the Maharana of Bikaner. Now a museum. Gajner Palace, outskirts of Bikaner. Former hunting lodge of the Maharaja of Bikaner. Golbagh Palace, Bharatpur. Former royal residence, today a hotel.

Lake palace in Udaipur

List of palaces in Rajasthan Gorbandh Palace. Jaisalmer. Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Jaipur. Former royal residence. Now a museum. Khimsar Fort, Khimsar (Nagour District). Located 145 kilometres from Udaipur. Former residence of the thakurs (landed noble) of Khimsar, today a hotel. Kuchaman Fort, Kuchaman (Nagour District). Former royal residence, now a hotel. Jag Mandir Udaipur. Former royal pleasure palace.(Shah Jahan took refuge here while crown prince during a conflict with his father Jahangir).

183

Umaid Bhavan Palace

Jag Niwas (Lake Palace), Udaipur. Former royal pleasure palace, now a hotel. Jai Mahal, Jaipur. Former royal residence, today a hotel. Jal Mahal, Jaipur. Jaisalmer Fort, Jaisalmer. Seat of the Maharaja of Jaisalmer. Lalgarh Palace, Bikaner. Former royal residence. A part have been converted into a hotel, while the remainder is a museum. Laxmangarh Fort, Sikar. Former royal residence, today a tourist spot. Laxmi Niwas Palace, Bikaner. Former royal residence, today a hotel. Laxmi Vilas Palace, Bharatpur. Former royal residence, today a hotel. Narain Niwas Palace, Jaipur. Former residence of the thakurs (landed noble) of Kanota, today a hotel. Nathmalji Ki Ki Haveli, Jaisalmer. Former residence of a prime minister of Jaisalmer. Neemrana Fort-Palace. Located 40 miles northwest of Alwar. Former residence of the rajah of Neemrana, today a hotel.

Phool Mahal Palace, Kishangarh. Raj Mahal Palace, Jaipur. Former royal residence, today a hotel. Raj Niwas Palace, Dholpur. Former royal residence of the Maharajas of Dholpur, today a hotel. Rambagh Palace, Jaipur.- Former royal residence, today a hotel. Seengh Sagar, Deogarh Madaria. Former hunting lodge of the rawat (landed noble) of Deogarh, today a hotel. Sariska Palace, SariskaAlwar. Former royal hunting lodge, today a hotel. Samode Haveli, Jaipur. Former residence of a prime minister of Jaipur, today a hotel. Samode Palace, Jaipur. Former residence of the thakurs (landed noble) of Samode, today a hotel. Shiv Niwas Palace, Udaipur. Former royal guesthouse, now a hotel. Umaid Bhawan Palace, Jodhpur. Seat of the Maharaja of Jodhpur. Part of the palace has been converted into a hotel.
Neemrana Fort Palace

Further reading
Badhwar, Inderjit; Leong, Susan (2006). India Chic. Singapore: Bolding Books. ISBN981-4155-57-8. Crites, Mitchell Shelby; Nanji, Ameeta (2007). India Sublime Princely Palace Hotels of Rajasthan. New York: Rizzoli. ISBN978-0-8478-2979-9 . Michell, George, Martinelli, Antonio (2005). The Palaces of Rajasthan. London: Frances Lincoln. ISBN978-0-7112-2505-3.

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File:Delhi Montage.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Delhi_Montage.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Various photographers (see above); Photoshopped by Nikkul (talk) 01:10, 3 October 2008 (UTC) file:India location map.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_location_map.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Uwe Dedering at de.wikipedia File:Red pog.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Red_pog.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie Image:Entry Door to the Yogmaya precincts .JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Entry_Door_to_the_Yogmaya_precincts_.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nvvchar Image:Red Fort 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Red_Fort_2.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: User:Svnitbharath Image:QtubIronPillar.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:QtubIronPillar.JPG License: Public Domain Contributors: Photograph taken by Mark A. 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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_California.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Devin Cook File:Flag of New South Wales.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_New_South_Wales.svg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: User:Denelson83, User:Greentubing File:Flag of Australia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Mifter File:Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fry1989, Gryffindor, Ludger1961, Mattes, Permjak, Two hundred percent, Zscout370 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Achim1999, Ah Cong Strike, AnonMoos, Arteyu, Avala, Cycn, DarknessVisitor, Duduziq, Er Komandante, Fibonacci, Fred J, Fry1989, Herbythyme, Homo lupus, Juiced lemon, Klemen Kocjancic, Ludger1961, Morio, Nick, Reisio, Rocket000, SKopp, Sarang, Tryphon, VAIO HK, Zscout370, , 20 anonymous edits File:Flag of Moscow.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Moscow.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original Author: Vector-Images.com Converted to SVG by: Oren neu dag File:Flag of Russia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie, Zscout370 File:Flag of Japan.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Japan.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Anomie File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Mongolia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Zscout370 File:Flag of Saint Petersburg Russia.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Saint_Petersburg_Russia.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Connormah 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File:Delhi Drubar, 1911.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Delhi_Drubar,_1911.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Unknown photographer Image:Inauguration of New Delhi 1931.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Inauguration_of_New_Delhi_1931.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was Fconaway at en.wikipedia File:Rashtrapati Bhavan and adjacent buildings, illuminated for the Republic Day.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rashtrapati_Bhavan_and_adjacent_buildings,_illuminated_for_the_Republic_Day.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kkoshy/ File:Delhi India Government .jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Delhi_India_Government_.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Laurie Jones aka ljonesimages on Flickr File:Rashtrapati Bhavan (Dehli).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rashtrapati_Bhavan_(Dehli).jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Germany Contributors: User:Deepak Image:N.delhi bus.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:N.delhi_bus.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: User:wgsr_dogs File:DMRC Bombardier.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:DMRC_Bombardier.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Le Rtroviseur File:Autorickshaw in New Delhi 2005.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Autorickshaw_in_New_Delhi_2005.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Germany Contributors: User:Deepak File:Delhi T3 Terminal.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Delhi_T3_Terminal.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Ramesh NG File:Birla Mandir Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Birla_Mandir_Delhi.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Ashishbhatnagar72 at en.wikipedia. 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File:Pushkar Sagar, Rajasthan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pushkar_Sagar,_Rajasthan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Lokankara File:Pushkar Lake.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pushkar_Lake.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: LRBurdak File:BrahmaPushkarGurjarPilgrimage.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BrahmaPushkarGurjarPilgrimage.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: LRBurdak at en.wikipedia File:Ghats at Pushkar lake, Rajasthan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ghats_at_Pushkar_lake,_Rajasthan.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/zedzap/ File:Taj Mahal 2012.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_2012.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Muhammad Mahdi Karim, ZxxZxxZ file:India Uttar Pradesh 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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra_castle_India_persian_poem.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Maahmaah Image:TajFinialTiling.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajFinialTiling.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Arindambasu2 File:TajJoli1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajJoli1.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aude, Cookie, Gryffindor, Minderbinder, Nemonoman, Para, Wiki-uk File:Tombs-in-crypt.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tombs-in-crypt.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Donelson at en.wikipedia File:TajCenotaphs3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajCenotaphs3.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aude, Cookie, Gryffindor, Kyro, Nemonoman, Para, 3 anonymous edits Image:TajJaliArch.jpg Source: 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Image:TajJaliPiercwork.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajJaliPiercwork.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Aude, Cookie, Gryffindor, Johnbod, Minderbinder, Nemonoman, Para, Wiki-uk Image:Jali-inlay.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jali-inlay.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Donelson at en.wikipedia Image:TajJaliInlay.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajJaliInlay.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Gryffindor, Lysippos, Minderbinder, Nemonoman, Para, Wiki-uk File:Taj Mahal 5.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_5.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Krupasindhu Muduli File:Entrance fort.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Entrance_fort.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Srikeit at en.wikipedia. 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File:Tripoli Shrine Temple.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tripoli_Shrine_Temple.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Original uploader was Sulfur at en.wikipedia File:9.28.06TrumpTajMahalByLuigiNovi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:9.28.06TrumpTajMahalByLuigiNovi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Nightscream Image:Taj_02.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_02.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Airknight at en.wikipedia Image:Taj_08.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_08.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Airknight at en.wikipedia Image:Taj_12.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_12.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Airknight at en.wikipedia Image:TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: amaldla from san francisco Image:Taj Mahal-11.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal-11.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Dcastor, Faizhaider, Wiki-uk, 6 anonymous edits File:Agra-Taj-Mahal-Mausoleum-architecture-Apr-2008-04.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra-Taj-Mahal-Mausoleum-architecture-Apr-2008-04.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Matthew Laird Acred. Original uploader was Acred99 at en.wikipedia File:Taj Mahal in India.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_in_India.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: ComputerHotline, FlickreviewR, Indianhilbilly, Roland zh, Vaishu2, Wiki-uk, 1 anonymous edits File:Taj Mahal top of finial.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_top_of_finial.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Contributors: Robpinion File:Taj Mahal Agra 4.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_Agra_4.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Krupasindhu Muduli File:Taj Mahal Agra 3.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_Agra_3.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Krupasindhu Muduli File:Taj Mahal Agra 2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Taj_Mahal_Agra_2.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Krupasindhu Muduli File:Agrafortushnish1.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agrafortushnish1.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Atmabhola File:Akbar supervises the building of the Fort at Agra.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Akbar_supervises_the_building_of_the_Fort_at_Agra.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Roland zh, Sridhar1000 File:The Passing of Shah Jahan.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_Passing_of_Shah_Jahan.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Napoleon 100, Redtigerxyz, Roland zh File:Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Samrat_Hem_Chandra_Vikramaditya.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: bazaar art Image:InsideAgraFort.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:InsideAgraFort.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Calame, Gryffindor, Shakti File:Agra-fort-6-jehangirs-palace.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra-fort-6-jehangirs-palace.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Isewell at en.wikipedia File:CastleAgraFort.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:CastleAgraFort.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Michael L. Kaufman at en.wikipedia File:Ankuri Bagh of Agra Fort.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ankuri_Bagh_of_Agra_Fort.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Original uploader was Vssun at ml.wikipedia File:Uttar-Pradesh-Agra-Agra-Fort-inscription-Apr-2004-00.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Uttar-Pradesh-Agra-Agra-Fort-inscription-Apr-2004-00.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Matthew Laird Acred File:Agra-Fort-Diwan-i-Am-Hall-of-Public-Audience-Apr-2004-00.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra-Fort-Diwan-i-Am-Hall-of-Public-Audience-Apr-2004-00.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Matthew Laird Acred File:Agra-Fort-Diwan-i-Am-Hall-of-Public-Audience-Apr-2004-03.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra-Fort-Diwan-i-Am-Hall-of-Public-Audience-Apr-2004-03.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Matthew Laird Acred File:Agra Fort 13.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra_Fort_13.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Sanyambahga File:Agra Fort 14.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra_Fort_14.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Sanyambahga File:Uttar-Pradesh-Agra-Agra-Fort-Jahangiri-mahal-Apr-2004-00.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Uttar-Pradesh-Agra-Agra-Fort-Jahangiri-mahal-Apr-2004-00.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Matthew Laird Acred File:Agra Fort 20.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agra_Fort_20.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Sanyambahga File:Delhi gate 6.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Delhi_gate_6.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Roland zh, Sridhar1000

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File:Pir Ghaib.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Pir_Ghaib.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Portion which was mortally Wounded John Nicholson.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Portion_which_was_mortally_Wounded_John_Nicholson.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Mychel21 File:Panjabi Gate.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Panjabi_Gate.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Qila Kuhna Masjid inside Puran Qila, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Qila_Kuhna_Masjid_inside_Puran_Qila,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Russ Bowling from USA File:Rajpur Cemetery.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rajpur_Cemetery.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Magazine Gateway.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Magazine_Gateway.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Sher Shah Suri Gate, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sher_Shah_Suri_Gate,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Adila(at)sify(dot)com File:Sunehri Masjid in Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sunehri_Masjid_in_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: ptwo from Allahabad, India File:Raushanara's_Garden,_Baradari_and_Tomb.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Raushanara's_Garden,_Baradari_and_Tomb.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ppyoonus File:Tomb of Razia Begum.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tomb_of_Razia_Begum.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Mychel21 File:Safdarjung Tomb, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Safdarjung_Tomb,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Michael Vito from South Orange, NJ, USA File:Tripolia Gateways.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tripolia_Gateways.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Agrasen_ki_Baoli,_New_Delhi,_India_-_20070127.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Agrasen_ki_Baoli,_New_Delhi,_India_-_20070127.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Supreet Sethi http://supreetsethi.net File:Tomb of Darya Khan Lohani.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tomb_of_Darya_Khan_Lohani.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Nizamudin Baoli after Cleanup.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nizamudin_Baoli_after_Cleanup.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Chota Batasha taken from unknown tomb.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Chota_Batasha_taken_from_unknown_tomb.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Adila(at)sify(dot)com File:Nizamuddin Dargah and Jamaat Khana Masjid, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nizamuddin_Dargah_and_Jamaat_Khana_Masjid,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/varunshiv/ File:Bara Batashewala.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bara_Batashewala.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Unknown Tomb, Ghaispur -just across the North Gate of the Humayun Tomb.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Unknown_Tomb,_Ghaispur_-just_across_the_North_Gate_of_the_Humayun_Tomb.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Adila(at)sify(dot)com File:Feroze Sha's tomb with adjoining Madrasa.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Feroze_Sha's_tomb_with_adjoining_Madrasa.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nvvchar (talk). 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File:Idgah Padmani Enclave.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Idgah_Padmani_Enclave.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Neeli Masjid Delhi Pallav-Journo.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Neeli_Masjid_Delhi_Pallav-Journo.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Pallav.journo File:Sakri Gumti.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Sakri_Gumti.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Main south entrance.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Main_south_entrance.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur File:Satpula from it's "lake".jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Satpula_from_it's_"lake".jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur File:Tomb of Usuf-Quttal 4.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tomb_of_Usuf-Quttal_4.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Parth.rkt File:Jahaz Mahal on the bank of Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Jahaz_Mahal_on_the_bank_of_Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nvvchar File:Tower at the location of prophet's horse's hoop.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tower_at_the_location_of_prophet's_horse's_hoop.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nvvchar File:Moti Masjid, Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Moti_Masjid,_Mehrauli,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur from Berkeley, United States File:Zafar_Mahal_Naubat_Khana.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Zafar_Mahal_Naubat_Khana.jpg License: Creative Commons 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Mubarakpur mosque.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kotla_Mubarakpur_mosque.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur File:Bhura gumbad.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bhura_gumbad.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Madhvihina sharma File:Teen burji gumbad.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Teen_burji_gumbad.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Parth.rkt File:Boali Munirka.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Boali_Munirka.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Munda Gumbad.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Munda_Gumbad.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Wazirpur Ka gumbad and Unnamed Tombs.JPG Source: 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http://www.flickr.com/photos/stevekc/ File:Tomb of Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana, Delhi.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tomb_of_Abdul_Rahim_Khan-I-Khana,_Delhi.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: RussBowling File:Firoze Shah hunting lounge 3.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Firoze_Shah_hunting_lounge_3.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Mychel21 File:Badli ki Sarai Gateways.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Badli_ki_Sarai_Gateways.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Lal Gumbad Malviya Nagar.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lal_Gumbad_Malviya_Nagar.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Ruins_of_Siri_Fort_wall,_New_Delhi,_India_-_20090517.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ruins_of_Siri_Fort_wall,_New_Delhi,_India_-_20090517.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Nvvchar. File:Baradari in Shahpur Jat.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Baradari_in_Shahpur_Jat.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur File:Nai Ka Kot.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Nai_Ka_Kot.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Ramesh lalwani File:Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mausoleum_of_Ghiyath_al-Din_Tughluq.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Contributors: Varun Shiv Kapur File:Tomb of Mohammed with son.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tomb_of_Mohammed_with_son.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Mychel21 File:Arch gate at Adilabad fort.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Arch_gate_at_Adilabad_fort.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:Hadez47 File:Shah Alam's 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